Karbala Journal of Physical Education Sciences

The anaerobic system for energy production is the dominant system in the game of basketball because of the high speed and power in the physical and performance skills so emerged the need to use, and their focus trained on the exercises anaerobic including one for lactic system (lactate interval) has turned the researcher to conduct an academic field that includes the study of style-based training production of lactic hoping the energy system, and the goal of research is to prepare training lactate interval according to the areas of training and get to know its impact on the development of accepted level of concentration of lactic acid, and the performance of the skill of receiving and handling ending pectoral for young basketball players. The researcher used the experimental method, have identified the researcher research community of players clubs fans and in front of the pious in Karbala (n province = 24) and chose a researcher sample examined randomly (n = 12) were divided into two experimental groups and the control group (n = 6) for each group, has been used exercises anaerobic energy system lactic and style training lactate interval (85-90%), Edith exercises 3 times / week for 8 weeks have been used statistical methods ((arithmetic mean, standard deviation, median, torsion coefficient, chi square, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), t-test for independent samples and associated)), and the most important conclusions encompassing the following: -
-there Positive effect of lactate interval training, according to training areas in the development of the level of lactic acid before and after the effort and skill of receiving and handling ended chest.

Postgraduate level is consider the structure of the rehabilitation and preparation of future leaders in aspect of thought, planning, processing, and implementation in different fields. Master and PhD theses and dissertations usually offers. A solutions to the problems that areas of life and work sites in all sectors, experiencing the visions which is actually release by researchers towards the reform of the present life and build the future on a sound foundation.
Therefore, the current research aims to: Identify the extent of intellectual freedom that postgraduate students (Master's and PhD level ) have in the college of physical education & sport science – Baghdad university.
However, the researcher used the descriptive approach (survey) for the methodology. Forty three (male & female) Master's and PhD students which had completed their studies have been chosen as a main subjects for this research in the college of physical education & sport science – Baghdad university between the years ( 2011-2012) and ( 2012-2013) from a population of (146) with a rate of ( 23.3%).
Nevertheless, the research results showed:
- The postgraduate students do not have the sufficient freedom to discuss their teachers during lessons in the preparatory year or add new scientific articles, which is a disappointment for them and miss the opportunity to benefit from new information's and the new ideas that created.
- The acquisition of the freedom to choose what postgraduate students want to study it from elective courses did not prevent the existence of subjected from others, which have a various pressures to choose certain subjects.
- Despite the importance of choosing freely of the research problems from the postgraduate students, but the reality of the situation indicates a sizeable enough role of supervisors in that choice, which causes orientation of researchers to study a problems that do not really to study.

Sports is one of the most important areas in people's lives, so it was continued interest sports movement for the highest sporting achievement levels, whether it's using mathematical sciences theoretical and practical, scientific and modern technical means and demonstrated research problem observed during follow-up for students of the second phase for the exams process in previous years, the effectiveness of the throw disk that their performance was not at the required level and study aimed at preparing an educational program in the development of some of kinematic variables stage throwing and achievement of the effectiveness of the discus students and imposed a study out there the impact of the program prepared and the method used in the development of some of the throwing and achievement of the effectiveness of the discus students were using the experimental method the suitability nature of the problem has been selected sample random from the research community the original way by lot of students of the second phase of study at the Faculty of Physical Education - Maysan University for the academic year (2013 - 2014) sample was divided into two groups, a control and experimental, so that each group receive lessons to learn where performance efficiency have been implemented curriculum author of 12 educational units, of which two units elite educational week for the group, there were educational unit per time (90 minutes) is divided into three sections (section preparatory, section President, the final section) curriculum educational scheduled is the most important conclusions afternoon that there is a significant effect of the exercise routine for the control group and tutorial experimental group and the pre and posttest in Biomechanical variables and recommendations were prepared in accordance with the curriculum indicators in order to identify weaknesses and diagnosed by learning the skill.

The problem with research in many reasons, including poor physical variables, especially the speed and muscle strength, whether intraday or distinctive force quickly, but this age in particular the age of 16-17 years, but the importance of these variables for players to jump higher, so Wen is trying to resort to the use of exercises for the development of instantaneous force and learn some Biomechanical variables during the upgrading of a new attempt of its kind in terms of field application in this event and these ages, which aids in the diagnosis of the weaknesses in the course of performance and try to avoid them by using a training curriculum includes exercises for the development of instantaneous power and recognize the impact on Biomechanical variable values during improving and that may work to help the jumpers in training in the right direction, using the device (foot scan) and then evolution in performance and achieve better achievement, and here lies the importance of research in the preparation of training intraday strength instant upgrade and see the effect of these exercises on the level of achievement for the athletes of the class affiliated to the Centre Specialist Athletics.
The research aims to prepare the exercises according to the performance of the development of the momentary strength of the players, the high jump and then see the effect of these exercises in the instantaneous power development of the research sample. Presumably research that there are significant differences between tribal tests and a posteriori the research sample in strength values and the amount of some variables values during the upgrade and completion of the high jump at the players differences have applied training curriculum took (12) a week, and by (3) training units per week for a total of (36) The training unit during the period of research, the most important of which was concluded that the development of the momentary strength of the two men led to improve the amount of values of variables and improve the amount of force inflicted during the upgrade, which led to improvement of the completion of the high jump

Research included five chapters:
Chapter I: Introduction to define search, which included the modern field of physical education scientific renaissance where the goal is to improve the standard of sports to reach the completion of the best as well as maintaining the physical infrastructure and hardware functional body and demonstrated the importance of the study to determine the impact of exercises effort lactic in some league respiratory indicators the proportions of glucose and lactic acid in the blood of the football players lounges, and the problem of the research researcher noted there is variation in the level of performance due to a case of fatigue among the players, so felt a researcher studying the impact of exercises effort lactic in some cardio respiratory indicators and ratios of glucose and lactic acid in the blood to see obstacles lead to increased state of fatigue among the players, and the objectives of the research preparation exercises effort lactic of footballers lounges, identify the impact of exercises effort lactic in some cardio respiratory indicators and ratios of glucose and lactic acid in the blood of the players, and the hypotheses is that there are significant differences of the impact It exercises lactic effort in some cardio respiratory indicators and ratios of glucose and lactic acid in the blood of the football players lounges.
The second chapter deals with the theoretical material related to the search topic included the user's energy system in the performance of some of the exercises and periodic respiratory indicators and ratios of glucose and lactic acid in the blood and football halls.
The chapter III: This section deals with research methodology, where the use of the experimental method to sample the (10) players represent the first line and the second team also included instruments and tools that have been used in the search and method of measuring some of the league respiratory indicators and ratios of glucose and lactic acid in the blood and experience exploratory experiment field research on a sample statistical means.
Chapter IV: includes the presentation of the results after exercises effort lactic in some league respiratory indicators and ratios of glucose and lactic acid in the blood of the football players lounges and analysis set out tables by extracting circles, standard deviations, and the use of law (T test) to see the differences in the performance of the effort and the significance of differences between them and discuss the findings of the researcher and the achievement of the objectives of the study hypotheses and enhanced scientific views.
The chapter V: includes conclusions and recommendations reached by the researcher through his work:
The exercises have a positive impact in the (heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic rate and respiratory rate.
The exercises have a positive impact in the ratio of (sugar glucose) in the measurements of the experimental group

The site control is one of the important components in determining the correlation between an individual's behavior and what they expect from leading its results towards the success or failure in achieving its objectives in the light of his abilities and potential, as well as to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the player or players points, hence the question was whether there disciple relationship between the site and the level of performance among students of the third stage? The study aimed to:
1. identify internal control and external for girls.
2. Identify the internal control and external for boys
Hypotheses study:
1. A statistically significant relationship with the internal exactly the girls more than the boys.
2. There is a statistical relationship exactly outside the boys more than the girls.
Researchers recommend using internal control and external to the other study materials in physical education site scale. The attention to the psychological domain sports because of its significant impact on students and their scores level

The analysis of Technique - Tactical, it is one of the most important types of analysis in football matches and the coaches reliable in the formation of a clear artistic vision to build the appropriate plans to increase the chances to win the games.
In this study, the researchers try to analysis the most important Technique – Tactical offensive aspects of the Iraqi National Team in the FIFA World Youth Championship 2013, in order to upgrade in the level of offensive performance of the youth team, which represents the players primary tributary to strengthen the first team in the coming competitions. The research aims to: Identify the level of performance of the Iraqi national youth team and compare the most important Technique – Tactical offensive aspects (positive and negative) points between the Iraqi and the French teams, and then evaluate the team's performance in the light of the results of the descriptive analysis based on observation and data collection, to reach the desired conclusions.
The subjects of this study was the Iraqi and the French national youth team that participated in the FIFA World Youth Championship from 21/6/ to 13/7/2013 in Turkey.
The results showed a positive aspects of the Iraqi team in the short passes and penetration in the final attacking third. While the negative aspects represents on the variables of not benefiting from interfaces passes and excessive use of high long-passes which was feasible and the errors in converting balls to the colleague in the sides of the field and not to exploit a corner balls.

The research aims to: Identify the effects of using thermal jacket on some biochemical variables among futsal young players. While, the study hypothesized a positive effects of using thermal jacket on some biochemical variables among futsal young players.
However, the researchers used the experimental approach (single group design) with pre and post-tests. The research population involved (16) players of Kufa youth center for Futsal. Twelve players have been chosen non randomly as a main subjects for this research at a rate of (75% ). In addition, for the statistical procedures an SPSS have been used to get the results.Nevertheless, the research results showed:
1. Decrease in diastolic blood pressure by a large margin level.
2. Systolic hypertension as a result of lack of fluid in the body.
3. For the (PH) and the percentage of sugar in the blood, there is no effect of thermal vest on these two variables.
Based on these results, the researcher recommended that:
1. Non-use of thermal jacket because of its negative impact on the vital organs of the body as a result of the loss of large amounts of fluid and fast.
2. Conduct similar studies on different variables

That scientific progress witnessed in sports in our time is the result of research and investigation for all that is new in the field of sports in order to live up to higher levels and this is achieved through sports training operations and in a form that fits with the capabilities and potential of the student.
And gymnastics rhythmic is one of the sports that is in harmony with the natural women's characteristics and can the student practice this sport because it is characterized by an aesthetic nature which is reflected by connecting exercise structural and kinetic with music accompanying After movements performance in gymnastics rhythmic there an assessment of the performance of rhythmic movements and the degree of difficulty and even have a good performance skills of the student must have a high willingness to perform and to focus on the performance of movements gracefully and light conditions and this, of course, needs to be high-energy mobility and portability. Through field observation and interviews, the researchers found that there is obvious weakness in the performance skills of the students' body and especially rhythmic skills that require a kinetic equilibrium researcher attribute the reason for that to Valgus deviation in the knees and a belief that leads researchers to weakness in the performance.
The goal of research is to identify the
1. Valgus deviation of the knee among female students (Qadisiya - Karbala – Babylon University.
2. Relationship between Valgus deviation of the knee and the level of performance skills of the students in rhythmic gymnastics (Qadisiya - Krblane- Babylon University.
The researchers also imposed there are significant correlation between Valgus deviation link the knees and performance skills of the students' body rhythmic relationship (Kadsah- Karbala – Babylon University.
The researchers used the descriptive survey manner relations connectivity, the spectrum of the suitability nature of the problem and the objective to be achieved. Researchers have identified the research community Year III students were selected sample purposively and adult (15) and a student who appeared on them traces Valgus deviation of the knee through some measurements. Where the results showed
- The results showed that there is significant correlation between Valgus deviation of the knee and performance skills related to the female students in the third year - the faculties of Physical Education and Sports Science.
Results -displays that there is a significant correlation between Valgus deviation of the knee and performance skills related to the female students in the third year - the faculties of Physical Education and Sports Science

The study included five chapters, first chapter is for introdection and importance of research, as well as the study included two goals are to identify the level of intelligence of physical-motor and the level of technical performance fundamental plane of the ball skills of students in the second phase of the Faculty of Physical Education and Science at the University of Kufa and relationship between IQ physical - kinetic technical performance of the skills in question.
While reunification chapter II on the concept of intelligence and multiple intelligences and IQ physical - kinetic and also all of my skills transmitter and handling from the bottom volleyball, while chapter III included research procedures, as well as the research sample, which included students from the Faculty of physical education and sports sciences second stage at the University of Kufa, as annexation of the research community (60) students were selected sample randomly and number (30) students who represent 50% of the research community. Chapter IV has been viewing and analyzing the results and discuss it is found there was a significant correlation between IQ physical kinetic technical performance of the skills of relationship under study and research.
The chapter V guarantees the several conclusions, including that of intelligent physical -kinetic effect learning skills under study as the more intelligent physical - kinetic high students have been learning faster, and the recommendations was the need for the development of intelligent physical -kinetic for students as well as the gradient in the use of exercises easy to difficult and also diversification of exercises to increase the desire to learn and do not receive the boredom of learners, and to provide a broad field to correct technical performance and avoids mistakes.

The aim of the research to know the impact of rehabilitative approach to the level of sugar in the blood and the fitness of the sample in question, including the sample (10) Women of the Hunting Club, the ages of (50-60) years, and with diabetes type II, was chosen deliberate and make up (50%) of the community, conducted the experiment for the period from (7/10/2014), and up to (6/10/2014), the program appeared to severely (55-75%) of the maximum pulse on the severity of the (2-3 ) (10) on the "Borg" scale to realize the personal effort, the researchers reached the following conclusions, use a curriculum qualifying led to influence the level of sugar before breakfast and two hours after eating, leading to a decline in the level of sugar in the blood, and the use of exercises qualifying proposal led to the sample standard of physical and mental fitness, and recommendations, the use of the qualifying program in the treatment of diabetes

The aim of the research to know the impact of rehabilitative approach to the level of sugar in the blood and the fitness of the sample in question, including the sample (10) Women of the Hunting Club, the ages of (50-60) years, and with diabetes type II, was chosen deliberate and make up (50%) of the community, conducted the experiment for the period from (7/10/2014), and up to (6/10/2014), the program appeared to severely (55-75%) of the maximum pulse on the severity of the (2-3 ) (10) on the "Borg" scale to realize the personal effort, the researchers reached the following conclusions, use a curriculum qualifying led to influence the level of sugar before breakfast and two hours after eating, leading to a decline in the level of sugar in the blood, and the use of exercises qualifying proposal led to the sample standard of physical and mental fitness, and recommendations, the use of the qualifying program in the treatment of diabetes

Sports medicine have a great importance in the life of the athletic from preventive, curative, and rehabilitation aspects. The individual may be exposed to several influential which causes a great damage in the vital and organic, including the spine, which is the base axis of the body.
As a result of this role it may be vulnerable to health problems caused by stress and various injuries, most notably and common is pain down the spine. There are several and varied reasons for these pains, including the mechanical reasons that represent (90%) of these pains, like wrong movements in sitting, walking, working practices and daily non-performance sports movements (regularly).
This research aims to preparing an special exercises to rehabilitee the down spine pain using special mental visualization program (through hydrotherapy)
However, thirteen players from the college of physical education and sports science who suffer from down spine pain for a mechanical reasons as a result of wrong daily activities exercises have been chosen non randomly as a main subjects for this research.
As a results of this research, the researchers founded that was a positive impacts of the exercises prepared in reducing the degree of down spine pain using special mental visualization program (through hydrotherapy) and increase the supporting muscle strength and The development of hip joint flexibility, as well as the use of this therapeutic tool for the treatment of other injuries

The world is witnessing in various aspects of life fast and sophisticated changes in all areas, whether cultural, sports or economic, and should be seeking to change the pattern of administrative work in all institutions and facilities and enhance it for the better, Including sports clubs. Therefore, the research problem include the existence of obstacles facing the application of comprehensive quality in sports clubs. However, this research aims to determine the comprehensive quality in the administrative work for sports clubs from the administrators viewpoint.
The researchers used the descriptive approach (survey) for the methodology. Six hundred and thirty nine sports clubs administrators in the middle Euphrates and the south governorates (Najaf - Diwaniya - Babylon - Karbala - Maysan – Basra –Samawa -Wasit) have been chosen as a main population of this research.

The results showed the absence of an annual assessment of the strategic plan in the sports clubs in order to know the strengths and weaknesses. In addition, lack of staff awareness of the goals and vision of sports clubs and the role they were assigned to help achieve the goals of the club.
The researchers recommended that, the need to encourage teamwork, forming teams to collect data, solving problems, and develop appropriate solutions. Moreover, adoption of the regulatory regime from outside the sports clubs to assess the reality of administrative quality in sports clubs.

One of the success and progress of the skills performance in sports activities that are based on scientific foundations, as well as the diversity of teaching methods and how to choose the right ones which help the process of these skills learning, As the features of each style of its own and conditions that fit with the learners and their abilities and individual differences among them. In spite of this diversity of modern teaching methods which help to achieve the educational goals, which gives the student some decisions related to achieving exercise, and how performance of kinetic duty. It was found through observation that learning motor skills, including the football skills depends on the adopted method (command style), which takes all decisions by the teacher and the role of the student to perform and follow orders and obey. However, The research aims to:

1. Identify the effects of using station style according to cooperative learning in developing the performance of football rolling and scoring for students.
2. Identify the effects of station style according to self-learning in developing the performance of football rolling and scoring for students.
3. Identify the preference of the effect of using cooperative learning, self-learning, and command style in developing the performance of football rolling and scoring for students.

However, the researcher used the experimental approach (Equal groups design) with pre and post-tests. Thirty six students have been chosen and divided randomly as a main subjects for this research (12) student in each group. The research results showed a positive effects using station style according to cooperative learning in developing the performance of football rolling and scoring skills for students which in first place, and the second positive was to the effects of using self-learning, while the control group was ranked third.
The researchers recommended that,
1. The necessity of using station style in the teaching of football basic skills, especially (rolling and scoring) skills.
2. Utilizing the station style according to cooperative learning in developing the performance of football rolling and scoring skills in accordance with the self-learning as well as the method adopted by the teacher (command style).

The importance of research by preparing and proposing new exercises using (feet weightiness and rubber cords) to raise the level of handball players such as strength and speed of movement during the attack and defense and their movements hesitantly quick step allows the player to defend successfully, and thwart the opponent attack and turn it into a counter attack and score goals. However, through access to many of the previous studies and scientific sources, as well as the analysis of a set of matches in handball League, as well as the opinion of the experts noted that there was a clear lack of movement of the players legs'. Therefore, the researchers suggested a new exercises by using gradual feet weightiness as well as rubber cords to raise legs muscle power for the handball players in the training units, which is reflected on the improvement of some muscle capacity they have.

The aim of this research was to preparing different resistance exercises using (feet weightiness and rubber cords) in the development of legs muscle power for the handball players. The researchers hypothesis that there is a positive impact of using different resistance exercises using (feet weightiness and rubber cords) in the development of legs muscle power for the handball players.

However, the researchers used the experimental approach (Equal groups design) with pre and post-tests. Fifteen players from Al-Qadisiya university team for the academic year (2015-2016) have been chosen and divided randomly as a main subjects for this research (5) student in each group ( tow experimental and one control groups).
After obtaining the test data, conduct statistical treatments were then presented in the form of tables, and then analyzed and discussed. The researchers concluded that some of the conclusions and recommendations, according to what has been reached.

The problem of the research: - as a result of weakness in the level of performance of prepare and beatings skills in Volleyball for students of the second year of the Faculty of Physical Education and Science. As the introduction of assembled exercises on the process of learning skills in Volleyball.
As for the goals of search / number of assembled exercises in the development of the most important physical abilities, to identify the level of physical abilities and prepare and beatings skills in Volleyball sample research, to identify the effect of compound exercises in the development of the most important physical abilities and learning skills.
As for the third chapter was used experimental method in a manner equal groups with tribal tests and dimensionality were identified community search students the second year of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science's (70) students for the academic year 2016 was chosen as the research sample of (30) students and then the Researcher select field measures to search of capacities physical and tests and determine the technical performance and accuracy of prepare and beatings skills to plane ball tests and then assembled exercise on the research sample and hold the post tests and then display the results analyzed and discussed in chapter IV and then to reach a number of conclusions and recommendations in the Fifth chapter.

The research aims to:
1. Identify Psychological side of the same physical with students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science at the University of Tikrit.
2. Identify differences in psychological side with the physical college students at Tikrit University of Physical Education and Sport Sciences variables according to level of study.
3. Identify differences in psychological side of the same physical at the School of Physical Education and Sports Science students at the University of Tikrit, according to the level of study.
As has been the use of the descriptive survey manner, and formed the sample of 104 students representing the four stages, and the means of data collection it has been included on the page psychological scale to realize the physical and designer self before (Kenneth-Fox -1990) and expressed by Mohammad Hassan Allawi and includes a scale (5) dimensions has been an honesty and firmness his transactions, and included statistical means the arithmetic mean and standard deviation and coefficient of simple correlation and test variability and test Duncan analysis as well as a t-test.
The results have included:
1. Psychological self-perception in general physical decline of the physical progress of the students with the academic stage.
2. outweigh the students to the concept of the fourth stage Exterior body
3. Superiority of the first stage on the rest of the stages are generally in the concept of mathematical competence
4. Superiority of the top students on a study group is excelling in some psychological page to perceive the physical self-concepts (physical efficiency, physical self-worth).

The research aims to:
1. Identify Psychological side of the same physical with students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science at the University of Tikrit.
2. Identify differences in psychological side with the physical college students at Tikrit University of Physical Education and Sport Sciences variables according to level of study.
3. Identify differences in psychological side of the same physical at the School of Physical Education and Sports Science students at the University of Tikrit, according to the level of study.
As has been the use of the descriptive survey manner, and formed the sample of 104 students representing the four stages, and the means of data collection it has been included on the page psychological scale to realize the physical and designer self before (Kenneth-Fox -1990) and expressed by Mohammad Hassan Allawi and includes a scale (5) dimensions has been an honesty and firmness his transactions, and included statistical means the arithmetic mean and standard deviation and coefficient of simple correlation and test variability and test Duncan analysis as well as a t-test.
The results have included:
1. Psychological self-perception in general physical decline of the physical progress of the students with the academic stage.
2. outweigh the students to the concept of the fourth stage Exterior body
3. Superiority of the first stage on the rest of the stages are generally in the concept of mathematical competence
4. Superiority of the top students on a study group is excelling in some psychological page to perceive the physical self-concepts (physical efficiency, physical self-worth).