journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences

In this research want to make analysis for some indicators and it's classifications that related with the teaching process and the scientific level for graduate studies in the university by using analysis of variance for ranked data for repeated measurements instead of the ordinary analysis of variance . We reach many conclusions for the
important classifications for each indicator that has affected on the teaching process.

تعتمد خطط عينات القبول في فحص الانتاج بواسطة العينات، بدلاً من الفحص الشامل. وعندما يكون الزمن المستغرق في الفحص لحين حصول فشل في الوحدات المفحوصة، هو متغير عشوائي له توزيع احتمالي مثل كامـا او ويبـل او توزيع اسي عام . وفي بحثنا هذا، افترضنا ان هذا التوزيع هو توزيع اسي عام ، وقد استخدمت المحاكاة في تقدير المعلمات بطريقتي المربعات الصغرى LS، والمربعات الصغرى الموزونة WLS. ثم اعتمد مقدر في تحديد نسب البتر ( ) عند خمسة قيم معلومة الى α، واستخراج اصغر حجم عينة ضروري لفحص المنتوج، واتخاذ قرار قبول او رفض الدفعة، وهذا الحجم يضمن تحقق مخاطرة المنتج (وهي احتمال رفض منتوج جيد)، ولخصت الجداول التي تتضمن مقدر α عندما λ معلومة، ومقدر λ عندما α معلومة، باعتماد طريقتي المربعات الصغرى والمربعات الصغرى الموزونة. كذلك لخصت نتائج خطة المعاينة (n, c) المناظرة لمستويات البتر المختلفة، وباحتمالات قبول عالية من وجهة نظر المستهلك والقيم هي (P*=0.80, 0.90, 0.95, 0.99)، ويمكن من الجدول رقم (3) قراءة حجم العينة n المناظرة لكل قيمة من قيم c (عدد القبول)، ومستويات بتر زمن الفحص هي ( )، واحتمال قبول المنتوج P* .

The research aims to derive the efficient industrial plans for Al – shaheed public company under risk by using Target MOTAD as a linear alternative model for the quadratic programming models.
The results showed that there had been a sort of (trade- off) between risk and the expected gross margins. And if the studied company strives to get high gross margin, it should tolerate risk and vice versa. So the management of Al- Shaheed Company to be invited to apply the suitable procedures in the production process, in order to get efficient plans that improves it's performance .

يهدف البحث الحالي الى استكشاف علاقات التفاعل والتاثير بين الاحتكام للمكانة والتوجه للفردية– الجماعية والدمج التنظيمي مستنداً على مزج اختلاف القيم الشخصية مع افكار نظرية الهوية الاجتماعية لبلورة نموذج البحث. وفي ضوء هذا تم صياغة عدد من الفرضيات التي توضح علاقات التفاعل ما بين ابعاد الاحتكام للمكانة والتوجه للفردية– الجماعية للتنبؤ بوجود الدمج التنظيمي. جمعت البيانات باستخدام استمارة الاستبيان ووزعت على الكادر التدريسي والوظيفي في كلية الادارة والاقتصاد/ جامعة كربلاء شملت 112 فرد. وقد اشارت ابرز النتائج الى ان الافراد الذين يتصفون بالجماعية يزداد اندماجهم بالمنظمة عندما يدركون المكانة الخارجية، في حين ان الافراد الذين يتصفون بالفردية يزداد اندماجهم عندما يشعرون بالاحترام الداخلي. وبالاعتماد على هذه النتائج صيغت عدد من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات التي تهدف الى تعزيز الدمج التنظيمي لدى الافراد عينة البحث من خلال تعزيز هويتهم الشخصية والاجتماعية على ضوء الاختلاف في قيمهم الشخصية.

مفهوم معامل الارتباط كمقياس يربط بين متغيرين هذا يجلب انتباهنا إلى موضوع الإحصاء في كل المستويات. أكثر من ذلك هناك ثلاث نقاط خاصة هي اعتيادياً نشدد عليها كما يأتي:-
(1 معامل الارتباط هو الدليل المعياري والذي قيمته لا تعتمد على قياسات
المتغيرات الأصلية.
(2قيمته تقع في المدى] 1,1-[ .
(3أن مربع قيمته نصف نسبة تقليل في أحد المتغيرات بينما الآخر يبقى ثابتاً.
ولو أن هذه الخواص هي على نحو مستقيم ولو أن فئات رياضية من الطلاب ]أنظر: Mendenhall et.al.1981, chap-5 [هم غالباً يعتقدون كحقيقة
في مقدمة كثير من المواضيع خصوصاً تلك التي توجه الى الحقول التي أحصائياً هي التي تطبق.
نسبة إلى تلك الخلفية، الغرض في هذا البند هو اشتراط أساسي لبرهان أن معامل الارتباط يقع في الفقرة ] 1,1-[ بواسطة العمل مع تباينات جمع وفرق متغيرين عشوائين معيارين.
هكذا مناقشة تشترط طريقة توصل الخواص المشتركة لمعامل الارتباط
لغرض المستمعين من الطلاب.
بعض الدلالة لأجل انحدار خطى يتم إحضاره كوصف قانون معامل الارتباط لمقياس لإنقاص نسبة أمكانية التحويل.

According to the circumstances experienced by our country which led to Occurrence of many crises that are the most important crisis is gaining fuel therefore , the theory of queue ( waiting line ) had been used to solve this crisis and as the relevance of this issue indirect and essential role in daily life .
This research aims to conduct a study of the distribution of gasoline station in (both sides AL – kharkh and AL Rusafa, for the purpose of reducing wasting time and services time through the criteria of the theory of queues and work to improve the efficiency of these stations by the other hand. we are working to reduce the cost of station and increase profits by reducing the active service unit so that do sent affect the process of waiting and the time of performance services. the possibility of applying more than statistical distribution of data acess rate and the rate of services and best selection of distribution which reducing the time of service through statistical techniques to demonstrate the behavior of the data
(access rate and service rate) with in the statistical distribution that are consistent with the nature of data and select the best statistical distribution which affects the theory of the queues during the time of service and waiting time there are three categories for better know ledge of distribution are

1. Poisson with Exponential
2. Poisson with Weibull
3. Erlang with Exponential

Asset of on clusion had been emerged from the study as using such
(G /G /C) queue model which includes the use through the current reality stations like AL– idrisi, AL– Mustansiriya and AL– galani the waiting time for the customer of services is mostly doesn’t have time to wait therefore, we suggest reducing the number of units in station and increase profit through the groups note that the distribution stations animate the few number of unit operating station such as AL– karkh (AL- khadra, AL– yarmouk and AL– shorta al– ola) the data access and service distributed according to the distribution of Poisson with Weibull the data access Service and distributed according to Poisson With Weibull station do the large number of units operating station such as
AL– Rusafa (AL– idrisi, AL– Mustansiriya and AL– galani ) the data access and service distribution according to the distribution of Poisson with Exponential and Poisson with Weibull .

This research deals with the most important indicators used to measure the phenomenon of financial depth, beyond the traditional indicators, which are called quantitative indicators, which is shown to be inadequate to show the facts accurately, but it may come in the results of a counterfactual, although reliable in econometric studies done in this regard.
Therefore, this research has sought to put forward alternative indicators, is the structural indicators, and financial prices, and availability of financial instruments, and cost of transactions concluded, in order to measure the phenomenon of financial depth.
After using and analyzing data collected from countries the research sample, which included Japan, China and Iraq, which have been carefully selected to show the countries varied in the level of financial depth, in order to give the results of analytical variety explain all of reality, the time period 1980-2008, as averages, it was found that these standards alternative is better or closer to highlight the fact, it was found that Japan sits on the summit of the sample selected in terms of depth financial situation, followed by China with Iraq at the end.
This basic finding of the research consistent with the hypothesis, which confirmed the importance of alternative measures to highlight the phenomenon of financial depth are more accurate and realistic.

The research aims to analyze the dangers of cars with four directions at the same time: the first in determining the types of dangers of car and the relative importance of each, which turned out to be distributed according to the relative importance between the collision and run over and the coup, in addition to other risks combustion and fall, and the second to determine the reasons for the main and subsidiary and secondary to these dangers The relative importance of each of them and it appeared that the driver occupies the first cause of the reasons leading to obtain the danger it represents 84% were found to be caused by three reasons, a subsidiary is the lack of knowledge and lack of focus and lack of awareness and the last is the most important, and third in identifying human and material losses derived from these dangers and found it was an annual average of (4259) dead and (22 727), wounded in addition to material losses by an annual average of $ (9,785,539) dinars, and finally, the fourth trend is in determining the methods of the face of these dangers by addressing its causes, which displayed in recommendations of the research.

The aim of organizational contemporary is development man power active, in spit-of there are littlie resources. But in the Iraqi environment there are too much resources with performance inhabiting. specially in the ministry of water resources (sample of this research), about dryness and lower levels of rivers. There for this study have some important variable, it is ethical leadership & transformational leadership as (independent variable), and Perceived organizational support(dependent variable). Over here to invest with authority on the problem of research, is weakness harmony between employed perception and the pattern of leadership. We find decline in of reaction of organ compound between the variable to weaken high performance and equally. The commendation are necessary strengthening concept & use of true leadership with new methods, cutting between rights & distinction, some time distinction will be commitment specific employee needs to achieve high organizational performance.

This Research to find interest in one of the important functions in human resources management، namely، performance evaluation، which faces an array of criticism and negative opinions، as appeared on Anna recent new paradigm cannot exceed those negatives، however، a model of feedback from multiple sources of 360 degrees and tried to employ this concept in the two public organizations in Iraq the (Department of Electricity center) of the Ministry of Electricity and (Department of Water and Sewerage) of the Ministry of Municipalities، which it believes this model post multiple parties in the calendar (Senior Director، in charge of direct، peer، self)، information was collected through questionnaire distributed to a sample of the two organizations researched totaling (60)، and the main findings of the research and an interest in and acceptance of the application of this model، both at the level of the concept or the parties that may participate in the evaluation process and the resulting outcome with no significant differences between the two organizations in these results، the researchers recommended the need to be applied in these two organizations as a first stage with overcoming the obstacles that may accompany such an application and provide the psychological climate positive towards him with the possibility of linking the system of incentives applied with the results of the application.

The different crises and financial collapses place in many companies, particularly in developed countries as a result of administrative and financial corruption return aspects of the task to the role of the company and the external auditor, both in their emphasis on honesty and fairness of financial statements and the Provisions of accounting information and on the contrary to the truth, you may have to the loss of the rights of stakeholders, particularly existing investors, and the loss of confidence of prospective investors in the accounting information contained in the financial statements of these companies, which led to a crisis of confidence and credibility in the profession of accounting and auditing where the wonder of many potential investors and shareholders who have suffered damage from landslides are the reasons that led to landslides and is responsible for the failure Is regulators internal or external auditor, or the two together and taken to expand degree led to reduce the confidence of users of financial statements financial statements and their dependence on the opinion of the external auditor, and this so-called gap forecast, and the attempts that have emerged to strengthen the confidence of the beneficiaries of financial statements and the opinion of the external auditor called Zarma manner the exercise of good governance or what is called for short "corporate governance". Corporate Governance "in an attempt to reduce this gap to the maximum extent possible.

Purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship between market orientation, employee commitment and performance of Jordanian Royal Airways. A measurement scales with acceptable reliability and validity is developed to capture the dimensions of study variables . Statistical package SPSS was used for data analysis. Analysis of data confirm high level of customerorientation, a moderate level of competitor orientation and employee commitment, and low level of interfunctional coordination . The study also indecate no corporate performance excellence relative to competitors . Results of regression analysis show that market orientation, is significant in explaining the variation in employee commitment and performance,namly: market share and profitability. In turn, analysis of data shows that employee commitment is positively and significantly associated with market share, and profitability. The findings contribute to understanding the relationships between different dimensions of market orientation, employee commitment and performance provide critical implications for corporate managers.

This study examines the dynamic relationship between stock market and economic activity in the United States to verify the possibility of using financial indicators to monitor the turning points in the expected path of future economic activity. Has been used methodology (Johansen - Juselius) for the Co-integration and causal (Granger) to test the relationship between the (S & P 500 , DJ) index and gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States for the period
(1960-2009). The results of the analysis revealed the existence of a causal relationship duplex (two-way) between the variables mentioned. which means the possibility of the use stock market indicators to predict of fluctuations in economic activity.

The Political Thinking Regarded as an important element for the formulation of the stat, weather in its formation, the structure of it s entity, its political system and it s governmental instruments .The political thinking can not act without determined strategy, So they intend to work hard to formulate a railed strategy that make them able to determine its directions to general issues.
The Study aimed to solve the problem through the following question:
1- What are the levels of Political Thinking and Strategic Analysis in the financial ministry?
2- What are the relation ship between the dimensions of Political Thinking and the stages of Strategic Analysis ?
3- what is the influence of the dimensions of Political Thinking and Strategic Analysis in the financial ministry?
4- What are the differences among the financial ministry partiers in the dimensions of Political Thinking and Strategic Analysis?
The executive managers of the financial ministry regarded as a sample for the research .The questionnaire used to collect the necessary data the research needs. That data has been analyzed by statistical methods , and proved the rightful of the supposed model.

Target costing is one of the modern techniques in strategic Management accounting, Is has shown active adoption to changes in current business environments, In addition, is has seen a growth in strategic approach, The goal of using target costing is to build and strengthen competition abilities of economic units through introducing appropriate ways to decrease cost values while maintaining and improving quality of product, So this study is aim to show how can economic units use target costing to achieve competitive advantages .

The research has deal with the relationship between organizational justice and empowerment and their impact on the achievement of organizational commitment in the office of Labour and Vocational Training. To study the research problem which is represented a sense that employees with low levels of organizational justice and empowerment and the reflection on the organizational commitment of the employees, so that Has been collecting data and information relating to research by designing a questionnaire, were distributed to a sample of (50) people in the office mentioned, and the results of the study to confirm the research hypotheses. and the key results of the research was the presence of correlation relationships and the effect of the research variables, either the most important proposals was the need for the attention of officials in the organization discussed in the achievement levels of organizational justice associated with the empowerment of employees and which are reflected on the organizational commitment

Weibull distribution is considered as one of the most widely distribution applied in real life, Its similar to normal distribution in the way of applications, it's also considered as one of the distributions that can applied in many fields such as industrial engineering to represent replaced and manufacturing time ,weather forecasting, and other scientific uses in reliability studies and survival function in medical and communication engineering fields.
In this paper, The scale parameter has been estimated for weibull distribution using Bayesian method based on Jeffery prior information as a first method , then enhanced by improving Jeffery prior information and then used as a second method ,moreover another Bayesian method has been suggested based on Jeffery's method also, then a comparison between Bayesian methods with other methods (Maximum likelihood estimator, Moment ,least squares) has been made and then applied using supposed shape parameters, scale parameter , and constant c ,sample sizes (10,20,30,50,100) Finally the results showed the superiority of Maximum likelihood ,While the second best estimation method bounced between the first and second Bayes method and Moments method.

The research aims to know the impact of workers values on their performance which is reflected on increasing productivity and improving its quality as well as the organization's progress and success. Application of this research took place in the General Company Of Electrical Industries; it contained four main pillars; the first involved research methodology، regarding the problem، importance، aim، basic theory، and method of data collection، the second is dedicated to the theoretical framework related to the research basic variables (values and workgroups) the third is assigned to analyze the actual data by using number of statistical methods، such as mathematical medium and standard deviation and also spearman ranking to identify the degree of coloration between the research's variables and the last is the simple linear regression to know the measure of impact workers' values on their performance within the workgroups، then the fourth pillar dealt with several Conclusions and Recommendations، the most important is the company's adoption to personal، organizational and religious criteria of individuals to promote workers' performance and increasing their productivity; therefore this research focused on developing the team work spirit to achieve involvement and loyalty to organization، with a focus on forming working groups out of distinguished and qualified workers who have high personal values، to achieve both individual and organizational goals.

Business incubator is a new effective mechanism in developing small projects through its introductions of a new integral system of services. It aims at supporting and developing making new projects. Hence, there is a big number of factors that are interrelated in the processes of preparation for those projects. Those factors are: organizing the incubator and the market available for the projects attached to them and the work programs which will have to be implemented. Those small projects represent more than 98% of the total work institutions in the world. Also it has become responsible for a ration reaching half of the national output of those countries. These projects have created between 40 to 80% of job opportunities available. In light of their importance, these projects faced numerous challenges resultant of freeing markets due to globalization. Accordingly, there was a need to bring about a work system whose function is to develop and update the concept of supporting new projects. Business incubator is regarded as one of the best mechanisms ever invented in the last 20 years that support small projects. Such projects provide many services that maintain the natural continuity of the projects so as to avoid failure and collapse. Business incubator is the focus of deep interest for the advanced and developing countries, including Iraq.