Basic Education College Magazine For Educational and Humanities Sciences

Positive discourse analysis attempts to find out one of the syntactic strategies positively used by New York Times in a report entitled “Why the Pope Is Visiting One of the World’s Oldest Christian Communities”, through which the ideology of solidarity is used to reflect unity and strengthen bonds among people, the strategy is Modality. PDA is a method that concentrations on how language is utilized to create positive social identities and make social change. It aims to highlight and analyze discourses that encourage solidarity. The present study is intended to find out the following questions: What the modal verbs used in the present data that reflect solidarity and which of them is the most frequently used? The study aims at finding out the modal verbs that are used positively and the most frequent one in the chosen report. It is hypothesized that will, must and may are used positively. Will is the most frequent one to reflect the willingness. The methodology of the present study is based on Fairclough (1989) and Quirk et al. (1989). It is concluded that will, would and could are used in the chosen data. The modal verb “will” is widely used intentionally to show future intentions and willingness.

The study examines the effectiveness of the Question-Research-Outline-Write Strategy on EFL learners' performance in Methods of Research Course. It hypothesizes no significant difference between the experimental group receiving Research-Outline-Write Strategy and the control group receiving traditional method. The sample consisted of 98 students from the College of Basic Education/University of Babylon-Third Stage for the 2022-2023 academic year. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference at the 0.05 level in favor of the experimental group. The findings provide conclusions and recommendations.

In the constructivist perspective, learning is a process of the construction of knowledge. Learners actively construct their own knowledge by connecting new ideas to existing ideas on the basis of materials/ activities presented to them (experience). Now, when knowledge is viewed as produced rather than acquired, teacher educators anticipate that students will learn how to elicit ideas from their student-teachers and then utilize those ideas to help them develop new, more accurate, more disciplined, or more reasoned understandings. Teacher educators no longer educate teachers where they are only dispenser of knowledge ,and make them learn how to actively engage students in their classes. Teachers are expected to create an environment in the classroom that not only encourages, but also values student participation in classrooms. Teacher educators have to prepare teachers who can guide, shape and expand students' thinking. It becomes all more important to practice constructivism in the programs held for student-teachers opting for teacher education courses through their university education. This gains importance from the perspective of lesser time being structured to set these student-teachers to interact with teacher educators. This paper attempts to find out whether constructivist learning environment is being created in various interactional discourses such as; classrooms, counseling sessions, workshops, practicing teaching for student-teachers doing B.Ed. at the Colleges of Basic Education .It also tries to find the set of constructivist activities to be used by student-teachers in their classes, as practiced in their academic programs. The paper will also examine the shortcomings with regard to the resources and the environment for using the constructivist approach in teacher education program.

Nowadays, Computer-assisted instruction is a symbol of technology (CAI). Although more research is showing that CAI improves learning outcomes, several studies have found no effects at all or detrimental consequences. This study looks at the causes of these variations and, more crucially, what has to be in place to guarantee that CAI improves learning outcomes. Research questions: (1) What are CAI benefits? (2) what are CAI cons? (3) what are the factors influencing the results of CAI interventions?. The aims of the present research are: answering the research questions as well as showing the pros and cons of CAI and presenting factors influencing the results of CAI interventions. To achieve these aims, it is hypothesized that: (1) CALI has significant pros. (2) CALI has significant cons. (3) There are eleven factors influencing the results of CAI interventions. The procedures that followed in this study are: (1) presenting a comprehensive description of CAI. (2) making teachers’ questionnaire and conducting interview with teachers. (3) analyzing the data. The most significant outcomes are as follows: One of CAI's benefits is that it offers individualized attention, encourages active engagement and the usage of the target language, and simplifies difficult subjects. The drawbacks of CAI include potential cost, implementation challenges for educators, and activities that do not necessarily align with the objectives of the teacher. The operating environment, stakeholder engagement, infrastructure, technological trust, CAI tool design, content creation, student engagement, classroom integration, teacher capacity, student capacity, and data collection and use are the eleven factors that affect the outcomes of CAI interventions. Furthermore, the main benefits of CAI are its ability to provide students with instant feedback and a variety of alternate teaching methods; on the other hand, its main drawbacks are its isolation from human interaction and high initial cost.

The research aimed to determine the extent of the impact of interactive e-learning on the achievement of social studies and cognitive cunosity among sixth – grade primary school students, In this research, the researcher relied on the experimental method based on a quasi – experimental design with two groups, reaching (67), which was divided in to (34), The experimental group and (33), The control group, and (3) students were statistically excluded from them because they studied the same subjects, The final number of members of the sample became (64) students after the exclusion, distributed in to two groups, The first group was taken as the experimental group and the second group was taken as the control group, also in a random manner, and the table no (2) explained this, and after transcribing the responses of the sample members and tabulating them, the researcher processed them statistically using frequencies, percentages, and averages, and using the statistical program (SPSS), The results of the research indicated that the reality of electronic science is still in the stages of development in order to apply it in schools, E-Iearning is of great importance in teaching social subjects, and there are a high percentage of obstacles in e-learning, In light of this, the researcher recommended the necessity of relying on e-learning in our schools in order to keep pace with scientific, technical and technological progress, and to benefit from successful global approaches in the field ot e-learning .

The current research aims to find out the effect of the choice board strategy on the achievement of sixth-grade primary school students in science and creative thinking for them . for the purpose of verifying the goal of the research and then formulating the two mini hypotheses, we subjected us to experimentation.
The research was also limited to sixth-grade primary school students at Al-kifl primary school for boys, affiliated with the the Babylon Education Directorate for the second semester of the academic year (2023-2024)AD.
The Researcher used an experimental design with partial control the research sample consisted of (54) students distributed in to two groups, the first was experimental and studied according to the choice board strategy, and the other was control, and was taught according to the usual method through this, the students of the two research groups were equalized in chronological age variables, calculated in months, the academic achievement of the parents (the mother, the father), and the grades of fifth-grade primary school students in science,( intelligence) ,and the researcher formulated(110)behavioral objectives that represent the cognitive aspect of BLOOMs taxonomy the two research tools were the construction of an achievement test of the multiple choice type(40)items and a test of creative thinking (24)items distributed on the skills of fluency ,flexibility, originality, and detail the researcher used the following statistical method to process the results, the second test for two independent groups, variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, standard deviation, chi-square ,discrimination coefficient, Keuder-Richardson equation 20, difficulty coefficient , Spearman-Brown corrective equation ,as and effectiveness of the wrong alternatives. The experiment began on Sunday, 18-2-2024 and ended. On Monday, 29-4-2024, the researcher concluded that adopting the choice board strategy has a positive effect in raising the level of academic achievement and in expanding their creative thinking

This research deals with the effect of meaning in directing controversial grammatical issues. Grammarians have given meaning great importance when creating their grammatical rules, and it has played a major role in directing differences between grammarians. Based on that, the research initially showed the concept of the issue in language and terminology, the reasons for grammatical disagreement and its nature, then the importance of meaning and its position in grammatical studies since ancient times were discussed, so that the research moves to presenting applied models that show the effect of meaning in directing grammarians’ disagreements in some issues and how to rely on meaning in interpreting some grammatical phenomena. The research reached a number of results, the most important of which is that the issue is an issue based on principles and pillars and may be the result of proof, and therefore it was natural for disagreement to occur due to the difference in the researchers’ approaches to it.

The issue of Muslims celebrating Christian holidays is one of the important topics. There was a close relationship between Muslims and Christians, so Christians contributed to building the Arab Islamic state in various aspects of political, administrative, social, economic and intellectual life. Therefore, the celebration of Christian holidays was not limited to Christians only, but some Muslims participated in it. , whether by coming to the place of celebration and the participation of Christians in their feasts, or celebrating them in their homes and performing the same rituals that Christians perform, so some rulers were preventing Muslims from participating in Christians in their feasts. In Iraq, among these feasts are Palm Sunday, Easter, the Monastery of the Foxes, Barbara, Sunday, and Saint Ashmouni. As for the second topic, it studied the Muslims’ celebration of the Christian holidays in Egypt, and these holidays are Epiphany, Palm Sunday, the Cross, the Martyr, and Thursday of the Covenant (Khamis Al-Ads). And Saturday of light, and Nowruz, and olives, and the emergence.

Several systems such as DETER and DEGRAD monitor deforestation and forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon. Still, they are not designed to determine the consequences of disturbances on forest degradation in the medium and long term but are more specific to events related to strong disturbances in annual photosynthetic activity. In this study, we review the methods widely used to estimate forest degradation over a large area of the Brazilian Amazon, which is the largest unadapted to forest disturbances such as selective cutting and cumulative damage assessment over time. We then apply the study approach based on the analysis and use of the vegetation index time series (MODIS) with the Bfast package, which has proven to be efficient in determining the time and intensity of disturbance, however, mapping this state is essential for the regulation of conservation and restoration policies and more generally for land management, especially in these areas of leading deforestation fronts. The method gave a high accuracy in determining the time and intensity of forest degradation at the pixel scale, the recovery time from damage and the total number of disturbances during the study period.

This research is concerned with studying the grammatical rulings of one of the commentators of Al-Mufassal by Al-Zamakhshari (d. 538 AH), namely Imam Hussam Al-Din Al-Saghnaqi in his book (Al-Muwassal fi Sharh Al-Mufassal). Our research has been devoted to studying the grammatical rulings of the accusative nouns in it to be a model for it, with a statement of the differences between grammarians in their rulings, and their differences in restricting the wording of that ruling in a single issue.

Since first moments of birth of humanitarian knowledge , contest between reality and fantasy was forming an obsession to compose that knowledge, reality has it's strict control on human himself and his thinking, in another time, free fantasy has it's own effective works on human being and his conceptions for cosmos and phenomena.
When we review structure of old Iraqi art, we will find that it carrying imagined data with a serially show, human being often resorted to imaginary in order to create neutralizing imagination with a group of circumstances and events that turn around him, that had a clear reflection on the results of the art that we found them don’t represent direct witness to the reality, but the imagined witness and the mental imagination of the existence. That matter makes for the imagined art artificial and conceptual enrichment, described as producing imaginations and aspects have no similar one in world of sense and reality, so it is opened, changeable and modifiable. In the sides of old Iraqi plastic art, artistic structure organizes it's aspects according to artist's initial visions and with what imaginations they bear according to serially limits have been found by what thought has picked of photos for surrounding phenomena, structure of imagining person and thought's imaginations for events and artistic phenomena according to major incentives are: Internal and external incentives.

The African continent has not escaped the control and ambitions of the major powers since the beginning of the nineteenth century, due to the strategic importance that this continent has created for those countries, and in order to control the global shipping routes, which are considered the key to controlling the capabilities of all countries of the world. Britain was one of the first countries in its desire to be It has a foothold in the regions of southern and eastern Africa, and indeed its influence began to extend to countries such as Rhodesia, Mozambique and other countries that sought to own settlements from southern Africa to the city of Cairo. At the beginning of the twentieth century, white settlers were able to control vast lands of Rhodesia. However, this expansion was met with rejection by the local tribes in Rhodesia, which forced the British government to grant those tribes autonomy and form a government in Ronesia that expresses the aspirations of the people in Rhodesia. However, over time, that government wanted to declare its complete independence. From Britain, and this existing conflict between the two countries remained until 1977 when Southern Rhodesia gained its independence from Britain, at a time when Rhodesia was not far from the American political perception and its external sphere. It was not supportive of the independence decision taken by the Rhodesian government, and it translated this rejection When US President Jimmy Carter announced an economic boycott, out of a desire to contain the escalation of the armed struggle against white supremacist minority rule in Southern Rhodesia.

The peaceful revolution that took place in the Philippines in 1986, in which most segments of the Filipino people participated, was able to end the dictatorial rule and political violence that Ferdinand Marcos established for more than twenty years from the time he took power in the Philippines in 1965 until 1986. Through it, true democracy based on democratic principles was restored. Voting and electoral entitlement, not fraud and the buying of positions, led to the flight of Ferdinand Marcos to the United States of America and Corazon Aquino assuming government administration in the country, and the beginning of a new political phase in Philippine history.

Legal protection is one of the important topics in the social aspect، but it is marred by the lack of legal regulation. Therefore، there must be an analytical study of the texts that identifies the main problems. Therefore، in our study، we dealt with scientific attempts to establish a legal classification for the title in Iraqi legislation، while explaining legal lapses that may be the source of change. Judgments over time.
In the conclusion، the most important findings and recommendations were stated، which may pave the way for researchers for the purpose of developing and legally qualifying the texts. The most important of them was that we recommend that the Iraqi legislator adapt the legal texts in a manner that is consistent with and develops society، which may be nothing but an implicit waste of the right of the title holder to object or file lawsuits، and this is not the case. It is consistent with the philosophy of law and its regulating texts that came to protect rights.

The study aimed to clarify the concept of the learning cycle model, identify how to raise and increase learners’ performance and develop their thinking skills, as well as determine the importance of applying the learning cycle model in the educational process to develop learners’ thinking skills in physics, and raise their performance and academic achievement.
The study relied on the use of the descriptive analysis method by referring to many scientific sources and references.
The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the learning cycle model is an important method for learning and teaching, especially in physics, as it relies on the principle of inquiry and focuses on developing and improving the thinking skills of learners. The learning cycle model also allows students to take responsibility by arriving at solutions on their own, which It increases their motivation and helps develop analytical and organizational thinking skills, by motivating students to think about answers and solutions to the questions and problems they encounter, and by carrying out experiments and discussing the results they reach. The results also showed that applying the learning cycle model increases students’ academic achievement as a result of developing their knowledge and thinking skills.

This research studies neuroscience in terms of its origin, and how is the mechanism of speech based on the brain? What is the most common defect in pronunciation? By pointing out how Westerners have benefited from it in treating some diseases, and that this science has its roots in Arab heritage. He does not stray far from the verses of the Holy Qur’an, or the hadiths of the pure Imams

This research focuses on the American occupation of Afghanistan in the Saudi newspaper Al Jazeera in 2001. The research is divided into two main axes. The first axis discusses the reasons and developments that led to the occupation. The event took everyone by surprise, as the United States suffered a painful blow on its own soil, with important political figures being targeted. The blame fell on terrorists in Afghanistan, led by Osama bin Laden, and condemnation of this cowardly act echoed at all levels. The conflict intensified, leading to preparations for war as a last resort. The second axis discusses the outbreak of the American-Afghan war, which became inevitable due to the military, financial, and international support available. Despite the significant disparity between the capabilities of the conflicting parties, those who stood by their principles endured for a considerable period. However, with their fall, a puppet government controlled by the United States took over, effectively turning the situation into an occupation

The study was currently conducted in Iraqi Classical Schools 2024 and followed descriptive analytical layers, for its suitability to this research, and conducted a questionnaire through an unspecified selection from within the physical education subject in Iraqi schools, where the sample size reached 115 teachers of the physical education subject, representing all teachers of this subject.
The research found that there are significant differences between the responses and there is agreement among the answers of physical education teachers that the most important obstacles that are associated with the teacher and affect his lack of use of technology in teaching physical education are the lack of incentives for the teacher to use technological teaching methods and means in the physical education lesson, and the lack of qualified trainers to train. Teachers use different educational technologies.

Karl Marx places the law in the autonomy of intersubjectivity and Marx thus declares a “new modernity.” Intersubjectivity, as an important dimension highlighted by modern Western philosophy, has become a hot topic occupied by academic circles at home and abroad and has received widespread attention. Subjectivity to intersubjectivity for modern philosophy is a kind of thinking and transcendence of the plight of subjectivity. Because the modern era focuses on the subjectivity of epistemology in philosophy, because only from the perspective of epistemology, excessive emphasis on human rationality, plunging into a kind of paradox of the dichotomy between subject and object, makes a person's subjectivity truly unproven, the result of which is subjective rational monologue. It only leads to the topic of “idealism.” This is what causes - from Husserl To Habermas - Contemporary philosophers have turned to the intersubjective dimensions, since modern philosophy searches for solutions to the absence of the relationship between the self and the self. But when it emphasizes the relationship between the self and the other party: a complete denial and abandonment of the relationship between the self and the object, which makes the intersubjective thought lose the basis of reality. As a result, these cannot fundamentally present the problem of intersubjectivity. However, Marxist philosophy from the perspective of practical materialism, from the basis of social practice, makes the perspective of intersubjectivity a more plausible interpretation: in Marx's view, Intersubjectivity is inherent in practice. That is, the unity of subjectivity and intersubjectivity in human practice, and the realization of “subject-subject” and “subject-object” relationships, in order to avoid the “empty subject.” Therefore, the intersubjectivity of Marx's philosophy in practice expands the new significance of the theory, enriches the theoretical system of Marxist philosophy and solves the problem of time to provide us with new possibilities. As well as the West's analysis of the theory of intersubjectivity, the Western theory of intersubjectivity summarized difficulties, and even the features of itself are difficult to solve the problem of multiple contradictions, and with Marx's perspective of practical materialism in the West for the theory of intersubjectivity, the Marxist philosophy of intersubjectivity in the ability of reasonable theoretical interpretation and the requirement of theoretical and real society is of great importance.