Journal of The Iraqi University

Abstract
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all worlds. May peace and blessings be upon the noblest of prophets and messengers, our Prophet Mohamed, his family and all his companions. After this.,
The research includes a survey of the Quranic readings found in Surah Al-Baqarah from the book 'Al-Tarjuman 'An Ghareeb Al-Quran' by Imam Taj al-Din Abu al-Muhassin Abdul-Baqi Abdul-Majeed Al-Yamani (d. 743 AH).
The research focuses on collating the readings presented by Ibn Al-Muthanna in his book concerning Surah Al-Baqarah, examining them, and analyzing their direction. It aims to elucidate the author's methodology in dealing with these readings.
The significance of collating this information lies in the author, Ibn Al-Muthanna, one of the Yemen scholars who gained recognition in the eighth century AH. Despite this, his book did not receive the same level of fame as other works in the field of the science of variant readings of the Quran. However, his book is considered an important source in linguistic, jurisprudential, and historical studies. Therefore, the research sheds light on the book and its importance.
The research aims to examine the interpretation by Ibn Al-Muthanna, which includes the Quranic readings, and to assess his understanding of them. It also seeks to understand his methodology in presenting these readings, shed light on his personality, and explore his dedication to the sciences of Quranic readings and interpretation

Research Summary
One of the types of authorship in interpretation is authorship in the interpretation of one verse due to its importance, including this letter, as it is a small letter in the interpretation of the Almighty’s saying: {Say, O My servants}, by Sheikh al-Islam Burhan al-Din Ibrahim bin Muhammad al-Maqdisi, famously known as Ibn Abi al-Sharif (d. 923 AH), He explained this verse in a brief way, and this research came in two parts, the first part of which introduced the author and his message, and the second part came in investigating the text of the message.

Research Summary
This research was entitled ((The effect of using speech and its comparison - verses from the Holy Qur’an as an example (objective study), The Qur’an combines the virtues of all levels of composing speech, and the types of speech are different, including: the eloquent, the sober, the eloquent, the eloquent, the close and the easy, and the permissible, the messengers. These are the categories of virtuous and praiseworthy speech, the first: the highest.The second: the middle, and the third: the lowest and the closest, so the eloquences of the Qur’an received a share from each section, and each type took its own branch, so a pattern of speech that combines the qualities of elegance and sweetness, to be a clear sign for the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him), and if you contemplate the Qur’an, you will find These matters are of the utmost honor and virtue, so much so that you will not see any words more eloquent, more generous, or sweeter than his words, nor will you see any systems better composed and more complex than his. As for its meanings, every person of heart bears witness to progress in its chapters and advancement to its highest levels.These descriptions are not found in collection except in the words of the All-Knowing, the Almighty, for the Holy Qur’an, which is the supreme representative of this Arabic language. I decided to present something in this research about the majesty and majesty of the words of the Holy Qur’an in terms of use and correspondence, and from God is the granting of success

Abstract
This research, entitled: Commentaries by Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar in his book Al-Isaba (852 AH) on Al-Tabarani in Al-Mu’jam Al-Kabir (360 AH) - a critical study - came to show the scientific value that these two memorizers enjoy through their books, as well as examining these comments and demonstrating the accuracy of their speaker through Criticizing it and presenting it to the scholars’ sayings, I collected these comments directed by Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar to Imam Al-Tabarani and studied them and concluded with a conclusion. This research consisted of two sections:
-The first section: I discussed: Imam Al-Tabarani and Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar, their books.
-The second section: I paved the way for the definition of altaeaqub, then I dealt with the taeaqub of Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar on Al-Tabaran
Conclusion: The results of the research are mentioned.-
- Sources References

This research revolves around an issue that preoccupied the hadith scholars, fundamentalists, and jurists, in the past and in the present, namely, the narrator’s contradiction in his work or his fatwa of what he narrated, and it is an issue that deserves attention, and I did not come up with anything new except that I shed light on the contradiction of one of the most prominent Muslims, which is Imam Ibn Al-Sama’ani, to a follower and founder imam. The founders of the four schools of thought, which is the greatest imam, Abu Hanifa al-Numan, may God have mercy on them allKeywords

abstract
Islam is a comprehensive system at all levels, and it has attached great importance to social issues, and at the top of which is the issue of the family, as it is the basic building block of society. In this research, we try to encompass the most important issues related to preserving the family in Islam. This includes establishing a good family and its rights over the state and society, as well as the rights of its components, such as the rights of parents over children and children over parents, and so on. We also discussed the educational aspects related to this, and we relied on the texts of the Qur'an and the famous narrations, as well as the sayings of Muslim scholars in this regard

Research Summary
The importance and permanence of fundamentalist rules is highlighted, and it becomes clear to the Muslim that ijtihad according to Muslim scholars is by following the evidence and relying on the established principles and rules, not by following whims.The research showed that graduation is the science that searches for the causes or implications of the legal rulings in order to return the branches to them in order to explain the reasons for the dispute, or to explain a ruling regarding which there is no text from the imams by including it within their rules and principles.The importance of the research lies in the fact that social relations in the Islamic world provide the newborn born prematurely or underweight, or in need of human milk in special cases, with the breastfeeding he needs, which replaces the need for milk banks.The research pointed out the observation of interconnected texts between the terms custom, habit, people, expertise, experience, and doctor, which is a clear and intended connection that confirms that referring to doctors and specialists falls under the origin of custom.

Conclusion:
The research dealt with the study and investigation of a manuscript of great importance (Al-Jawahir Al-Bahiyyah on the Hadith of Mercy Al-Mussilil bi’l-Uliyya) by Ahmed bin Hassan bin Abdul Karim Al-Qahri Al-Jawhari (d. 1181 AH), with the majesty of its author, which has not previously been investigated, scientifically, and its importance lies in its topic related to the serial type of hadiths. The research included an introduction, two academic and investigative sections, a conclusion, and a list of sources and references Praise be to God first and last, and may God’s blessings and peace be upon our master Muhammad and his family, companions and followers.

Abstract:
This research is renewed because it aims to clarify the forbidden amount of breastfeeding, which makes all
human beings in an urgent need for this, and to clarify the sayings of the jurists in this, and it aims to define
breastfeeding, and clarify the amount of forbidden breastfeeding, and the opinions of the jurists in this, leading
to the most correct opinion, and my behavior In this is the inductive approach, sayings from all the different
references of jurisprudence, and the deductive approach in studying and comparing jurisprudential sayings and
weighting between them, and mentioning the statements contained with evidence about the amount of
forbidden breastfeeding, leading to the most correct opinion, according to the strength of evidence.

Abstract
Religion constitutes the mid and belief of the nat ion and determines ies path with God or with the highest or highest deity, it is considered one of the necessities of life, A person cannot live without religion, History has not mentioned that people lived one this earth without being religious or adhering to its teachings, and there is no evidence of this, This is one of these divers acts of worship and many teachings, not in one country, and not in all religion, ln addition to that, every religion must have basic pillar worship upon which it is based, and from here came the study of this research, which was titled (worships),( The pillar in the Zoroastrian religion) In it, we talked about the Zoroastrian religion and its founder, and how he imposed acts of worship on his followers and obligated them to do so, we also talked about the status of fire in zoroastrianism and how Zoroaster sanctified it, and then his followers worshiped it after him, in this research, we adhered to the methods of solid scientific research as much as we were able to do so.

Summary of this research
The science of Islamic law, is one of the most honorable sciences because it is the path that leads to the Oneness of God Almighty, as Imam Ibn Abi Al-Izz Al-Hanafi said: “The mercy of the Mighty, the Most Merciful required that He send Messengers making known to Him, calling to Him, giving good tidings to those who answered them, and warning those who disobeyed them, and He made the key to their call, and the butter.” Their message is to know the Deity, Glory be to Him, by His names, attributes, and actions, because on this knowledge the demands of the entire message are built, from beginning to end.Then follow two great principles:One of them: defining the path that leads to it, which is its law that includes its commands and prohibitions.The second: making those on the path aware of what they will have of eternal bliss after reaching it” [Sharh al-Tahawiyyah 1/19))[Knowledge of Sharia is the only path that leads to God Almighty, and no one can reach God Almighty other than His Sharia, which was made clear by the Prophet. And everyone who dispenses with the knowledge of Sharia law has clearly gone astray, and most of the people of this nation have gone astray. As for their neglect of what the Messenger brought? Or because he was unable to consider and infer what the Prophet brought? .Those who dispense with Sharia law are three people:
The first: Whoever opposes Sharia law with philosophy and ignorant matters he calls rationalities.The second: Whoever opposes Sharia law with politics because it disturbs his rest and deprives him of his desires, then he turns to the sources of Sharia law.The third: Whoever opposes Sharia law based on taste and what he sees as good, even if he opposes the texts of the Qur’an and Sunnah.Imam Ibn Al-Mubarak collected this in great verses of poetry when he said:I have seen sins kill hearts... and humiliation may cause addiction to themAnd abandoning sins is the life of hearts...and it is better for yourself to disobey themHas anyone corrupted the religion except kings... and evil priests and their monks?The sultans and their scholars are more corrupt for the religion than others, as Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak and other predecessors said: “There are two types of people: if they are righteous, the people are righteous, and if they are corrupt, the people are corrupt. It was said: Who are they? He said: The kings and the scholars.” [I’lam al-Muqa’in by Ibn al-Qayyim 1/10)])One of the most important branches of this science is the science of jurisprudence, which is known for deducing rulings, and deducing depends on knowing many things, including (absolute and restricted knowledge); There is no escape from clarifying their concept, language, terminology, and ruling, and clarifying the relationship between them, especially if there is a convergence between the two words in the ruling, or in its reason, or in both.There is an urgent need to know the legal ruling from the text. Since the rulings include the absolute and the restricted, is the absolute applicable to the restricted, and the person responsible is removed from the covenant, or is it not applicable? .Therefore, this brief study of the absolute and the restricted came through the following plan:The first section is the definition of the absolute and the restricted and their ruling, and I made it based on four requirements, which are:The first requirement is the definition of the absolute, the third requirement is the concept of the restricted, and the fourth requirement is the absolute rule.The second topic I called applying the absolute to the restricted, and made it based on four requirements as well, which are:The first requirement is the presumption linguistically and terminologically, and the second requirement is the opinions of the fundamentalists regarding the presumption of the absolute over the restrictedThe third requirement is the conditions for applying the absolute to the restricted, and the fourth requirement is the conditions for applying the absolute to the restricted

Summary
of the research: In this research, I spoke briefly about the life of the Rightly Guided Caliph Othman bin Affan, may God be pleased with him, and then I explained the meaning of the necessary objectives and objectives, especially in a brief manner, and then I showed the extent of Caliph Othman bin Affan’s interest, may God be pleased with him, in the necessary objectives through some applications of the jurisprudential issues that Preserving the five necessities falls under religion, self, lineage, mind, and money

Abstract:
mam Malik - may God have mercy on him - learned from the medi of the Islamic nation, and his book is one of the books approved in Maliki jurisprudence, so I chose the saying of Imam Malik - may God have mercy on him -: (I love me) in the sense of affirmative, which was documented by Senhaji - may God have mercy on him - in his book Al-Naza'ir fi Fiqh Al-Maliki (a chapter on the analogues of issues in which Imam Malik said in the blog: (I love me) in the sense of the affirmative),so I liked to separate from these issues in a systematic scientific study on the four schools of thought Its evidence, and the most correct saying, and it is proven in the folds of the research

Abstract:
In the name of God, praise be to God, prayer and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah The opinions of researchers about the origins of the Yazidis varied greatly due to the lack of sources that spoke about their history and the beginning of their origins, and also the reason for the secrecy of the followers of this religion about their beliefs, as it is one of the closed mystical religions. Most researchers said that they were followers of the Zoroastrian religion that was widespread at that time in northern IraqOthers said that they were Manichaeans or Magians, all of which are among the religions of Persia, while others attributed them to the Assyrians. Just as opinions differed regarding their origin, researchers differed as to the origin of their names. Most researchers believed that their name was Yazidi, about Yazid ibn Muawiyah, or Yazid. Bin Anis and others said that their name is Yazidi, about the city of Izi in Persia, or about the word “Azd” in the Kurdish language, which means God. They were also called by many names, including Tarhaya, about the mountains of Tarhaya, which they used to live in, and Al-Dasaniyya and other names that were shown in this research

The one who bears the responsibility of the call to Islam is the first preacher, Muhammad, the Messenger of God, upon whom be the best prayers and the purest of submission, as he faced a lot of harm in the way of his call to God Almighty, but that did not deter him from leaving this matter and he was not satisfied with conveying and carrying this message in His country only, but he sent messengers to the kings and princes of the countries of the world at the time to spread this religion to all people altogether, for God Almighty says: (And We did not send you except to all people as a bringer of glad tidings and a warner, but most of the people do not know), (Surah Saba, verse: 28).And that is through the means available in that period from the markets and seasons of Hajj, and the great conquests such as the conquest of Mecca, passing through the activity of the believers and the female companions, and the role of the companions upon them, may God be pleased with them, down to poetry, the good word and the good example. Follow the Islamic call. Accordingly, this study aimed to know the media and its role during the era of the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace) in spreading the call to God

The issue of metaphor in language and the Qur’an, although it is not as famous as other issues of linguistic sciences such as (synonymy, abrogation, interpretation and interpretation...), is considered a thorny issue, and there has been much disagreement in the fields of linguistic sciences, fundamentals sciences, and Qur’anic sciences, and it is a linguistic phenomenon. It is firmly established in the language of the Arabs, and in the text of the Holy Qur’an, which did not deviate from the traditions of Arabic, and was revealed (in a clear Arabic tongue). The method of linguistic and Qur’anic metaphor has great importance in the Arab and Islamic scientific heritage. It constitutes the half of beauty in Arabic and Quranic rhetoric. The early scholars paid attention to this important rhetorical topic, and they explained the connotations it carries in the Arabic language. It became clear to us through research on the subject of metaphor that it is the origin of many rhetorical methods such as metonymy, exposure, metaphor, emphasis, and deletion. Hence, the rhetoricians agreed that metaphor is more eloquent. From the truth

Abstract:
This research studies societal memory blogs as one of the writings that appeared in the post-modern era and is interested in writing about those marginalized in society, or those who have no history, monitoring their awareness and their own culture. These writings appeared in the form of narratives memory that runs parallel with the known narrative fields. The study begins by searching for the cultural patterns implicit in society’s awareness, as they are implicit and hidden in the collective consciousness. In the Iraqi writer blog (Hila is the capital of irony, which published by Almada in Baghdad in 2014.)By applying the cultural criticism approach, trying to clarify the cultural patterns embedded in the overall culture of society in the Iraqi city Al-hila in the.

Abstract
ealaa alraghm mimaa dhahab 'iilayh baed aljamaliiyn taealuq aljamal bialmujaradat al'akhirat 'iilaa 'ana aistikmal aldirasat aljamaliat dirasat mawdueiat hisiyatan, yansabu fiha aljamal ealaa alshay' fi al'abad 'aw ealaa almashaeir al'iinsaniati. ruqii alfikr alearabii fi 'iidrak aljamaliaat al'iiqaeiat wafi almafahim alati khatatatha almaeajim alearabiat lil'iiqae bima fi dhalik almaeajim alyunaniat wal'uwrubiyat aleamat 'ana airtidad 'iiqae radin 'ajaz alkalam ealaa ma taqadam fi shier alqadi aljurjany 'iilaa altakrar altakrarii waqudratih ealaa tahyiat nafs almutalaqiy bial'iidafat 'iilaa tahqiq alsabk dakhil albayt waeathr albahth ealaa namudhaj litasdir aleaks fi shier alqadi aljirjani ealaa alraghm min zaem abn 'abi al'iisbie 'anah lays lah namudhaj fi alshier alearabii. wanamadhij kathirat min altawazun altarkibii fi shier alqadi aljurjany qad taeud 'iilaa aietidal

Abstract
Thes research comes as atry to detect any studing some doubles the poets depebs on them from the ancient period of poems instruction it,s reflection for univer sal fea tures and also express about human self and her struggle in this existence. This came by the doubles very clearly in l brahim bin- omer AL-gabri poems like Distance and proximity, Hope and des pair, life and death and other opposites, also the conthents of these oppsites also varied. Lt was distributed according to the poet,s needs and the occasion when it,s said.

Abstract
The events of our novel “Black Boxes” revolve around a hero who was originally a soldier. He was injured in a battle and lost his memory. Then the heroine found him, took him and treated him, and then began the architecture engineering of the narrative events of our novel. The hero tried to regain his memory, During that, many fixed and developing characters, and some transitional characters are produced in the novel, and through the architecture of the character of the narrator who knows the events of the novel, which is this falsehood with multiple names and characters, these successive narrative descriptions emerge, In presenting the characters, he relies on the psychological approach to the character. He shows the characters’ conditions and descriptions according to the position that character occupies in the novel, and according to the role he chose for her. The presentation of the developing character differs from his presentation of the fixed character. He used to prolong the description of the fleeting character to perform that novel plot, and he was creative in expressing the ascending state of the developing character. As for the fixed character, it was like a specific area of the earth, which is fixed in every novel.

Abstract
The issue of divisions and their impact on political consensus is one of the important global issues at the present time in view of the openness the world is witnessing in various fields, especially in the economic field, which is the main and fundamental driver of international relations, and that the balance of power system in the Middle East region has been exposed to constant threat, which has made it is not stable. Rather, through transformation and change, thanks to the balances imposed by the international and regional interactions interacting between the elements of the regional and international system. Therefore, most of the areas that are exposed to threat are between large, effective countries and countries, of course, that are small in size and ineffective, meaning that the balance of power system is exposed to cracks through the collapse of major countries that cause the emergence and tyranny of the power of one country at the expense of another country, or through promising powers that are Her heiress. This study seeks to demonstrate the impact of regional countries on strengthening divisions and their impact on the political system

Abstract)
There is no doubt that the relations between the Russians and the Persians have a long history, as there were early commercial exchanges between the two parties since the eighth century AD, and these exchanges were interrupted after the Mongol invasion in the third and fourteenth centuries, but they resumed in the fifteenth century. Formal diplomatic relations between Persia and Russia were not established until the sixteenth century, when Russia played the role of trade mediator between England and Persia, by transporting their goods through Russian territory.This research came to shed light on the Russian-Iranian relations 1900-1939, as the first date represented Iran signing an agreement under which Russia pledged to provide a financial loan to Iran through the Russian Bank in Iran, while the second date represented the outbreak of World War II and its impact on the relations between the two parties In light of this, the research was divided into four main axes, the first dealt with the nature of Russian-Iranian relations until 1900, while the second axle dealt with the Russian penetration into Iran 1900-1917, while the third axle discussed the Russian-Iranian relations 1917-1921, and studied the axle Fourth, the developments of Soviet-Iranian relations 1921-1939. The research specialized in the field of historical studies, and in that we adopted the historical descriptive analytical approach, taking into account the compatibility between the historical sequence and the unity of the subject, relying on many and varied sources, foremost of which were Persian, Arabic and translated books

Summary
The step of establishing an Iraqi press association is an important step in the history of the organizational work of journalists, although it came late. Including confusion between the Association of Journalists in Iraq, which was founded in 1945, and the other, the Iraqi Press Association, which was founded in 1951. There is an association that researchers did not address, and it is the Association of Newspaper Editors in Iraq. This was an attempt by some journalists and owners of printing presses, but it did not see the light Therefore, the research sheds light on these press associations that were established during the royal era, and which were the basic nucleus for the establishment of the syndicate The other thing is that the research corrects the year that was referring to the first association issued in Baghdad in 1947, which is the opposite of what the sources mentioned, and the researcher relied in his research on the documentary sources that he obtained, and they were the cornerstone of the research.

Abstract
Egyptian-Israeli relations on the eve of concluding the Camp David Accords are considered the main prelude to concluding that agreement. The research presented the position of officials in both countries and the discussions that took place on the eve of the agreement, especially Sadat’s historic visit to Israel, and how it paved the way for concluding the Camp David Accords, as it was considered the basis for building upon it, as well as On this, he touched on the position of the official and popular forces in Egypt, especially the political parties and Al-Azhar, regarding concluding the agreement .

Abstract
The study focused on the US position on the Palestinian issue during the reign of President George W. Bush and the developments in the political arena in the Arab region in general and Palestine in particular. The USA was subjected to terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. He drew the attention of George W. Bush on the Palestinian issue and cooperated with Israel in pressuring Palestine and his cooperation with Israel in pressuring Palestine and calling for the establishment of two Palestinian and Israeli states. The US president, even the road map and the Annapolis conference, are all on paper, and it is no surprise that the US policy towards the Palestinian issue is pro-Israel in the period of the study and the previous periods. The American position is the same

Abstract:
The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Fryer model in mastering the skill performance of the art education subject for second-year intermediate students and to verify the aim of the research, the null hypothesis stated in the body of the research was formulated. The two groups were selected by simple randomness.Each group contained (20) students.After completing the research, the researcher concluded that the Fryer model has a positive impact on the acquisition of artistic education concepts, and in light of the results, a set of recommendations and proposals were developed that were confirmed in the body of the research.

Abstract:
This study aimed to find out the evaluation of Arabic language teachers who lecture at the primary stage in the light of the competencies of the knowledge economy from the point of view of the specialized supervisors. A questionnaire consisting of (45) competencies distributed over three domains (teaching planning competencies, teaching implementation competencies, teaching evaluation competencies). In the analysis of the results, the results of the study showed that the teachers of Arabic language lecturers possess (15) competencies with a high degree, (23) competencies with a medium degree, and (7) competencies with a low degree, and the solution of the field of teaching planning competencies is in the first order, with an arithmetic mean ( 4,150), with a rate of (83%), and the field of teaching implementation competencies came in the second rank, with an arithmetic mean of (3,523), with a rate of (70.46%), and the field of teaching evaluation competencies came in the third rank, with an arithmetic mean of (3,509), With a rate of (18.70%), the results also showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the Arabic language teachers' evaluation of the knowledge economy competencies due to the experience variable in each of the three areas of the tool, and at the level of the tool as a whole

Abstract
This research dealt with the mental image of educational institutions among the Iraqi public, because this topic is of great importance resulting from the role of the educational institution in society in terms of the multiplicity of its educational, pedagogical and social roles, and thus the reflection of all of this on society, negatively or positively.After defining the problem of his research (what is the nature of the mental image of educational institutions among the Iraqi public?), the researcher prepared a questionnaire with a scale consisting of several axes and distributed it to a random sample (400 respondents) from the public of the city of Baghdad, along its two sides (Al-Karkh - Al-Rusafa), using the survey method. The researcher identified the objectives of the research, the most important of which are:
1- Identifying the sources of forming the mental image of the Iraqi public.
2- Knowing the extent to which communication methods contribute to shaping the mental image of educational institutions among the Iraqi public.
The research came out with several conclusions, the most important of which are:
1- Social networking sites are considered a means of communication that the public relies on in forming the mental image of educational institutions.
2- It became clear to us from the results that the contribution of communication methods to increasing the public’s information and knowledge was neutral.
3- It became clear to us through the results of the research that the public’s follow-up of the activities of educational institutions and its relationship to the formation of the mental image was neutral

Summary:
The results of the current study showed that the concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in the water and sediments of the northern half of the longitudinal section of the Shatt al-Arab stream recorded high concentrations of petroleum materials in the bottom sediments compared to their presence in the water mass and for both the dry and wet seasons. The concentrations of hydrocarbon materials also witnessed differences in location, as their values increased in the third, fourth, and fifth stations compared to the first and second stations due to household waste and industrial waste from the Hartha Electrical Power Production Plant, the Najibiya Electrical Energy Production Plant, the Paper Mill, and the Nahr Omar Oil Laboratories, all of which are located on the banks of the northern half of the station. The Shatt al-Arab stream, in addition to boat waste. In general, the concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in the stations studied also witnessed seasonal variations, as their percentage increased during the wet season compared to the dry season in water and sediments. The reason is that bacteria break down petroleum hydrocarbons in a high temperature range between (30-40) degrees Celsius. Light compounds evaporate and volatilize, and the decrease in temperature reduces the activity of organisms that decompose petroleum materials. For this reason, their values increase during the wet season

Abstract
The research aims to study the role of the leadership of the authentic in reducing change resistance, the research problem was identified by putting forward sevrel questions focused on the nature of the relationships between the two variables. A hypothetical research chart was designed, wich resulted in sevral main and sub-hypothesis that were subjected to a set of statistical tests. The research followed the descriptive analytical approach. the esteem from was designed for this porpuse and distributed to the academic leaders in the private instituse in erbil represented (deans, assistant deans, heads) numbering (75) froms (73) returned and valid for analysis, the program (spss) was used to study the supposed relationships in the research model. The researcher .reached a set of conclusions and proposals, the most important of which is the existence of an inverse relationship and an effect between the maid entries and organizational conflict so that the practice of academic leaders for the authentic of leadership in institus reduces change resistance as for the satisfaction south by the researcher, attention needs to paid to the property of self conscious by encouraging teachers to make decisions related to their work without reference to the academic leaders in a way that does not conflict with the powers granted to them

Summary:
The current research aims to identify the level of Metamemory and its relationship to Habits Of mind among Kirkuk University students. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared two scales, one of them: the first for Metamemory and the second for Habits Of mind. After extracting the validity, reliability and discriminatory ability of the two scales, they were applied to the research sample that was randomly selected from the colleges of Kirkuk University, numbering (400) students. After applying the two scales, the research reached results. The following:
1 - The students of Kirkuk University are blessed with Metamemory. There are no differences according to the gender variable.
2 - The students of Kirkuk University are characterized by Habits Of mind, and there are no differences according to the gender variable.
3- There is a significant correlation between Metamemory and mental Habits Of mind Kirkuk University students.
In light of these results, the researcher recommends a number of recommendations and conducts some future studies.

Abctract
Abstract: The current research aims to reveal the effectiveness of an educational program based on the aesthetic approach in acquiring rhetorical concepts among fourth grade literary students, by testing the following null hypotheses: The researchers followed the experimental design with two equivalent experimental and control groups with two tests before and after, the researchers chose Al-Inshirah Secondary School for Boys and Al-Amin Secondary School for Boys of the General Directorate of Salah Al-Din Education _ Department of Education Al-Dhuluiya as a field for experimentation The research sample consisted of (58) students, where the number of students of the experimental group (29) students In Al-Inshirah Secondary School for Boys, and they were taught the strategies of aesthetic entrance, and the number of students of the control group reached (29) students in Al-Amin High School for Boys, and they were taught in the usual way, the researchers prepared the necessary tools for research, as the researchers prepared the test of acquiring rhetorical concepts consisting of (33) paragraphs, and were treated statistically by the statistical bag (SPSS) and the results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group that studied rhetoric by aesthetic entrance strategies over the students of the control group that studied in the usual way in the test

Summary
The current research seeks to identify the fragmentation of the self and its relationship to psychological trauma among middle school students. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher followed the descriptive, correlational approach through a sample of orphan students in the middle school on the Karkh and Rusafa sides, amounting to (400) students. Two tools were adopted. The current research verified its validity and reliability, and after applying the research tools, the study reached the following results:
1. There is a high level of fragmentation of the self among orphaned middle school students in Baghdad
2. There is a high level of psychological trauma among orphaned middle school students in Baghdad
3. There is a statistically significant relationship between fragmentation of the self and psychological trauma among orphaned middle school students in Baghdad

Summary of the research
The current research aims to identify:
. Extraordinary thinking among teachers
. Teachers' personal compass
- The correlation between supernatural thinking and the personal compass of teachers. (In its four directions: north, south, east, and west).The research sample consisted of (400) male and female teachers from the schools of Diyala Governorate/Baqubah District for the academic year 2022-2023. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built a measure of supernatural thinking according to the theory of (Bandura 1977), consisting of (22) items, aware of areas and five alternatives starting from applicable. Always applies to me and gives 5, often applies to me 4, sometimes applies to me 3, rarely applies to me 2, and never applies to me 1. As for the Personal Compass Scale, t researcher built it according to the theory (Turner and Jericho, 2008), consistinof (40) traits distributed over There are four directions: north, south, east, and west, and each direction has (10) characteristics that represent it. The researcher g verified the psychometric properties of the two scales in terms of validity and reliability, and after analyzing the data, the following results showed:
1-The teachers have extraordinary thinking and the average grades of the sample members were statistically significant.
2-The middle school teachers have a personal compass and are in the Western direction, as the average score of the sample was statistically significant for this direction.
3-There is a positive, statistically significant correlation between supernatural thinking and the personal compass in all its directions.According to the results of the study, the researcher recommended some recommendations and proposals.

Research Summary
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Master Muhammad and upon his family and all his companions:
The research sheds light on the interpretations of Sheikh Muhammad Taha Al-Balisani in Surahs Al-Layl and Al-Duha through his well-articulated interpretation of the interpretation of the Qur’an, comparing them with the sayings of previous commentators, and explaining the most correct of them with evidence of them. The title was “The interpretive interpretations of Sheikh Muhammad Taha Al-Balisani (d. 1415 AH) in Surahs Al-Layl And Al-Duha, through his interpretation, Hasan Al-Bayan fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an “And during the study, the arguments and sayings that Sheikh Muhammad Taha Al-Balisani adopted in his book Hasan Al-Bayan fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an appear, and these opinions and opinions were on selected issues from the two surahs, and the Sheikh did not disagree with the commentators before him. A difference of contradiction, but a difference of diversity.
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Master Muhammad and upon all his family and companions

Abstract
Historical sources dealt with the news of the Husseini revolution in the political life of the Almoravids era and recorded a lot of information because of its repercussions on the people of that country because it represents a higher value than the ideals, morals, justice and equality that our master Hussein, peace be upon him, brought. This was embodied in his saying (I have not I came out evil and not arrogant, but I went out to seek reform in the nation of my grandfather, the Messenger of God.) With the conquest of Andalusia

Abstract
The principle that prevailed previously and whose effect still exists today is that the state is not responsible for the actions issued by the legislative authority whether those actions take the form of laws or parliamentary actions and therefore individuals do not have the right to resort to the judiciary to demand compensation for the damages caused to them by actions the legislative authority those who oppose the principle of state responsibility have presented many arguments to justify their position and at the forefront of these arguments is that the state enjoys sovereignty given that sovereignty conflicts with the principle of responsibility it is noted that the judiciary of the French Council of State has made attempts to limit the principle of the state’s non-responsibility for the actions of the legislative authority the most important of which is its ruling issued in the Lafleurette case, As for the state’s responsibility for judicial work it is considered one of the most difficult and complex topics given that the judiciary represents a manifestation of the state and its authority it aims to establish justice in society but there is no doubt that judges as human beings commit mistakes while carrying out their work the judge may accuse an innocent person and detain him pending investigation and then the result occurs the accused has an order to dismiss the case and accordingly the judicial function may harm the litigants, It must be noted that the principle of the state not being responsible for the actions of the judicial authority has prevailed for a long period of time as a result of the absence of legislative texts and as a result of human rights pressures and the rise in calls from jurists which prompted the legislator to intervene to regulate responsibility in special cases

Abstract
India’s development strategy in the early twenty-first century India's political elite, based on economic reform strategy "India 2020", to address the economic crisis after 1991, face the internal and external challenges. Internally managed to develop education and health systems and to increase per capita income and alleviate poverty, through reform of agriculture, industry and the technology sectors. Moreover, managed to reach seventh world economy level within the G20 group and a member of the "BRICS", achieved a State of Balance in international relations.

Abstract
In front of the transformations that maiden communication and information technology and its effects on electronic transactions in general and electronic signature in particular , the need arose for a neutral third party whose job is to create a secure environment for dealing over the internet , it plays the role of a trusted mediator between dealers in this environment , by confirming the identity of the contractors , expressing their will , and ensuring the integrity of the content of the data circulated through procedures marked with electronic authentication, despite the positive aspects that electronic transactions carried among their folds in the modern era , there are still some obstacles that stand in the way of these transactions , which lie in their lack of hacking operations , illegal interference and electronic fraud the matter that necessitated the legislators intervention to enact laws guaranteeing the development of mechanisms and means to protect the electronic signature in the field of electronic commerce therefore this study aims to clarify the concept of electronic certification the authority responsible for that and the electronic certification certificates it issues , and how to authenticate and highlight its importance by clarifying the responsibility of the electronic certification bodies in case they violate their obligations

Abstract
The study of the rules of evidence in front of the administrative courts is gaining increasing importance in the field of legal studies in terms of understanding the tools of evidence that are relied upon to prove the claimed right or in terms of their application by judges and lawyers. The administrative judiciary bears a great responsibility in supervising the work of the administration and ensuring its legitimacy in order to protect the rights of individuals from the injustice of the administration over them. Individuals need to convince the judge of the right that calls him to establish evidence of it by using the means of proof specified by the legislator and how to resort to them, in view of the manifestations of public authority that the administration enjoys, which puts it in the position of the defendant, the judge finds himself facing two opponents who are not equal in their strength, which places the administrative judge with a responsibility to rebalance them, which requires finding rules that ensure the achievement of that goal, and this is what we will do in this research, which we will divide into three topics , we will devote the first of them to studying what is meant by evidence and its importance, while we will discuss in the second the burden of evidence , while we will devote the third to talk about evidence systems and its means

Abstract
After the fall of the regime in 2003, informal settlements grew in the city of Ali al-Gharbi, as there was no plan to accommodate the population increase, creating settlements that lacked the most basic services. The objective of the researcher is to ascertain the human features of individuals and their spatial distribution within the designated study region. This will be achieved using official statistics and conducting field studies. The researcher discovered that informal meetings are a multifaceted phenomenon that encompasses various interconnected dimensions, including security, social, and economic elements. These factors give rise to a range of issues that have far-reaching impacts on all parts of urban life.

Abstract :
The soil in the south of Iraq specifically in the area of Turbah al-Rifai in the Dhi-Qar district is exposed to the problem of (salinization) due to the environmental impact of the climate as a result of the intensity of solar radiation high temperatures dry winds lack of atmospheric humidity and the lack and varying amounts of rain which increases evaporation rates . And then the increase of salts on the surface of the earth and in addition to the negative human factors and maps of satellite visualization and geographic information technologh were cultivated for the years (2012 – 2023) and for the month (8) of the summer season as the study was done for a small climatic cycle (11 years) and using the salinity index equation and the highly fertile lands reached (0.48 - - 0.16-) (0.46- 0.18-) respectively and approached (-1) and the high salinity lands reached (0.014 - - 0.25) (0.073 - - 0.36) respectively meaning that they approached (+1) while the percentage of fertile lands reached (30.57 , 25.12) respectively and the low salinity lands reached (45.08 , 64.10) in order . Search

Abstract:
The research aims to identify the extent to which researchers use sources of information published on social networking sites and Internet pages in the digital space, and to explain the most important difficulties and obstacles facing researchers in their use of the sources available in the digital space, as well as to indicate the websites whose sources are more vulnerable to extinction compared to others, and to know The reasons that lead to its disappearance from the point of view of the research sample. The survey method was used and the research relied on the questionnaire that was distributed to the members of the teaching staff, the research sample, where the number of questionnaires distributed was (50) and the number of questionnaires retrieved was (40). The research reached a set of results, including:
1- It was revealed that the reasons for the lack of use of some electronic sources in the digital space are that some sites require payment of financial sums in exchange for access to the information sources available to them, which led to weak or lack of use by researchers, with an average of (2.8) and a positive response rate of (93%). Which makes it more vulnerable to extinction and obsolescence at a time when information is constantly developing and scientific products are diverse and numerous in their forms.
2- It was found that one of the reasons for the disappearance of information sources for the purpose of protecting intellectual property rights from theft and plagiarism reached an overall average of (2.1) with a response rate of (71%). This is because the disappearance of electronic information sources makes them more vulnerable to scientific theft and not being disclosed when subject to research and results. Scientific inference programs to detect whether the research has been previously published or not.
he most important recommendations that were made in the research were as follows:
1- Activating the role of forums, personal blogs, and Wikipedia and increasing their reliability by publishing scientific information and subjecting it to continuous updating and development, which makes it easier to maintain the continuity of the information published in it.
2- Urging researchers to use social networking sites for scientific purposes and exchange sources of information by using them as a means of promoting their scientific products represented by research, articles and books.
3- For the purpose of protecting intellectual property rights from theft and plagiarism, use programs that prevent the process of copying and pasting texts, making them less susceptible to scientific theft, and showing the researcher’s degree of misappropriation of information when subjecting research and scientific products to scientific plagiarism programs for detection and knowing whether the research has been previously published or not.

Abstract:
The research aims to identify the organizational prosperity and its impact on achieving wellbeing in international Palestine hotel, that contributes to providing organizational prosperity in hotel stand at the level of this boom among personal employed by, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical mothed as well as using the statistical programe (SPSS).This research was applied to an international sample consisting of (30) of (Department and division mangers, administrators and technicians), In order to achieve the research objectives. The questionnaire has been developed with previuos studies in order to measure search variables, the research has found group of results, it was one of the most important: play organizational prosperity important role in achieving in spiritual wellbeing in the research sample, research has been recommended set of recommendations, it was on of the most important: the need to involve the working people in raising the level of organizational prosperity by promoting a principle sharing goals, and the need for the commitment of senior management concern for working people she has a high spirit to educate them as well as the rest administrative levels in a hotel Palestine international research for this task.

Abstract
Higher education graduates face a major challenge represented by the high levels of unemployment among graduates and the lack of alignment of educational outcomes with the requirements of the labor market, as well as the inability of the higher education system to control market needs and keep pace with permanent changes in those needs under conditions of expanding demand for education and inflating its outputs. The education sector is considered the Higher education is one of the basic sectors that both developing and developed countries are interested in, because of its importance in forming human capital and in achieving economic and social gains for society through a qualified and trained workforce capable of creating economic growth. Therefore, the real translation of this interest by governments is Through what is spent on the education sector from the state’s general budget or from the gross domestic product

Abstract:
The problem of this research is to study university students’ use of the TikTok website and its impact on social values. This research is considered descriptive studies in terms of type. The research also used the survey method in the context of what serves a specific audience or the audience used in the research, which is considered one of the appropriate methods used in Field and applied research for the public. The research community represents university students in Iraq, males and females, and the sample size reached 400 individuals. The research reached a set of results, the most notable of which are: The reason for university students’ use of the Tik Tok application, which came in first place (diversity of topics), with a rate of 76.0%, and the research results showed the impact of the Tik Tok application on social values, where it came in first place (negatively affects) with a rate of 40.3%, as the research results showed. The impact of the Tik Tok application on the social values of university students, as the data of the previous table indicates that the phrase “the application increases the love of loneliness and isolation among university students” had the highest relative weight, with a relative weight of 80.0%.key words: TikTok ،social values ،study of Diyala University students

a summary
Seyyed Reza Mirzadeh Eshghi is a writer, poet, and political activist of the constitutional era, who spent most of his short life in this turbulent and historical period in Iran. Perhaps for this reason, the topics of his poems and writings are mostly political affairs and issues such as freedom, constitutionalism, and anti-tyranny. The government at that time did not tolerate Mirzadeh Eshghi, and she was killed because of her sharp tongue, reckless liberal ideas, and opposition to a dictator like Reza Shah.Ishghi chose the language of the street and the bazaar in his poetry, and for this reason his poems were welcomed by the general public. Perhaps his short life made him unable to highlight his talent in the field of literature and obtain a distinguished literary status.
In his poems - like the poems of other poets - there are types of compound nouns, derivatives, compound adjectives, derivatives, and compound derivative adjectives.A simple noun consisting of several words is a compound, such as library, caravanserai. If the simple noun consists of another word, it is a derivative, such as knowledge or behavior. An adjective consisting of two or more words is compound. A derived adjective is an adjective accompanied by a prefix and a suffix. The derived compound adjective is the same as the compound adjective with the verb.In Mirzadeh Ashghi's poems, the use of compound nouns, compound adjectives, derivative nouns, derivative adjectives, and compound derivative adjectives can be observed. Among these grammatical types, the use of compound derived nouns is much less than their other types.

Abstract
Mikhail Bakhtine, a well-known Russian critic and theorist was interested in the word and dialogism and thus, the term polyphony was introduced in the world of literature. Polyphony refers to the numeration of voices (speakers) in the prose text which led to the numeration of language techniques.The collection of stories called “Stories for Short Trips” by Agur Schiff – a Hebrew artist and writer, contained a numeration of voices, diversity of ideologies and a different intellectual awareness of the characters who often listen to each other The inner conflict was presented in the form of character monologue which shed light on the contradiction of human soul in the world of reality. Therefore, in the text the literary speech reflected the state of alienation which was experienced by the individual in that society at that time Schiff chose the story and short story to present the biggest number of the cases and incidents of man in the light of the crisis of decision making. It was an unplanned turning point in the new polyphony which used reporting language for objective documentation, a poetic language in the romantic story, a foreign language for people of different cultural backgrounds, an ideological language to document societal perspectives and a language of satire to portray human nature.Since they are realistic stories, they are rich of regional dialects depending on the where the character is from in a kind of carefully chosen dialogue so that both narration and dialogism are well mixed.

Abstract
Supernaturalism may constitute an integral aspect of a specific cultural framework. The dominant ideology of a society holds a significant position in literature. Believing in supernatural creatures does not automatically imply that a specific society is living in a primitive or backward state. These extraordinary abilities can be intentionally utilized for a multitude of purposes. Wuthering Heights, a novel by Emily Bronte, is considered one of the notable works of the Victorian era. The work is renowned for its innovative narrative method, which was groundbreaking for its day. In addition to this experiment, the narrative has supernatural themes that provide the story with a gothic ambiance. The aim of the paper is to analyze the characteristics and intentions of the supernatural aspects employed in the novel Wuthering Heights. The utilization of gothic motifs in Wuthering Heights is plentiful, and despite instilling fear in the readers, it effectively communicates a powerful message. Bronte's dark themes encompass a somber atmosphere, an aged and menacing residence, a place of torment, contrasting with a luxurious home representing an ideal society. The presence of ghosts, the recurring occurrence of names and destinies intertwined with a destructive love affair, and an everlasting struggle between refinement and nature are all prominent elements in Bronte's work. Bronte's Gothic fiction explores the themes of Catherine's mental decline as a result of suppressing her untamed nature to conform to societal expectations of a lady, as well as Heathcliff's vengeful and monstrous behavior following the loss of his beloved

Abstract
George R.R. Martin's Fire and Blood (2018) takes readers on a riveting journey through the tumultuous history of Westeros, long before the events of A Song of Ice and Fire. Within the pages of this epic novel, the author expertly explores the concept of evil, portraying it in multifaceted and chilling ways. From power-hungry rulers to merciless assassins, Fire and Blood unearths the darkest corners of human nature and delves into the destructive consequences of evil acts. In this article, one can explore the various manifestations of evil in Martin's richly imagined world. This can be observed through the methodology of the study, which is reflected in the introduction section, literature review, conceptual frameworks, analysis, and finally, the conclusion that summarizes the findings

Abstract:
Indian English novel has never been just a carryover of English literature over the world; rather, it is an independent genre in and of itself. Salman Rushdie is one of the most influential writers of Indian English literature who has expanded this literary genre both conceptually and stylistically. He has achieved considerable popularity with the publication of his novel Midnight's Children (1981) which is considered to be his masterpiece. This novel is frequently linked to several fictional work genres such as magical reality, postcolonial narrative, and contemporary texts. It is among the books of the 20th century that have been examined and discussed the most. Postcolonial critiques have been particularly interested in the adoption of magical realism and its investigation of the relationship between one's individual self and historical society. This paper provides a clear understanding of magical realism and the postcolonial perspective in which Rushdie approaches it in Midnight's Children to establish the work as a postcolonial literary work.