Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

The research significance has crystallized through identifying the nature of the quality of the school sports environment and its relationship to serious creativity and job satisfaction among teachers of physical education in Babil Governorate as well as identifying the role of this environment on serious creativity and job satisfaction and identifying the most important obstacles that prevent the availability of a suitable and effective school sport environment in an effort to develop and improve this environment and improve their professional performance in order to achieve the educational process with high efficiency and effectiveness.
The research problem focused on the difference in the school sports environment prevailing in schools as there are many schools that lack a good school environment, while some of them have a good school environment, and this difference may cause a difference in the desire, level of performance and work as a result of the different needs available to implement the lesson in the correct way. Therefore, researchers saw that this research be conducted with the aim of highlighting the role of the school sports environment and its relationship to serious creativity among physical education teachers.
The research aimed to achieve several goals, including building the quality of the school sports environment for physical education teachers in Babil Governorate, preparing two measures of serious creativity and job satisfaction among physical education teachers in Babil Governorate, and identify the reality of both (the quality of the school environment and serious creativity) among my teachers Physical education in Babil Governorate, as well as identifying the differences of statistical significance according to the length of service for each of the quality of the school sports environment and serious creativity among physical education teachers in Babil Governorate, and identifying the correlative relationship between the quality of the school environment and serious creativity of physical education teachers in Babil Governorate.

The study of appropriate nutritional programs for athletes is of great importance in building the athlete’s body and providing it with the appropriate nutrients to release the energy needed to carry out his sports duties in the best way. Scientists and experts have discovered that there are different types of food suitable for groups of people according to the nature of their bodies and their genetics. It must be noted that there is a close relationship between the type of food and the person's physiological and genetic status, and for food to be effective in producing the energy necessary to perform sporting activities and duties, there must be a compatibility between the blood type and the type of food suitable for that blood group. Therefore, the research significance lies in adopting a diet program according to blood type (A) in the field of sports training as an indicator of the development of physical variants for young football players. The research problem crystallized through the researchers' observation of the weak performance of the Babylonian clubs in particular compared to other local and international teams. This made the researchers ask a question: Since food is the main source of energy production necessary for daily activities, perhaps there will be an effect of a diet program designed according to blood type that leads to an increase in the efficiency of young players by improving their physical aspects. The research aimed to design a diet program according to blood type (A) and to identify the extent of the effect of this diet program on some physical variants of young footballers.

Football is a team game and the number of its players is relatively large, so it was important to use the capabilities of the players in terms of basic skills and physical fitness, employ them and coordinate between them to create the best group play plans. There is no doubt that the movements of the players in the match must be coordinated and that each player understands and expects the movements of his colleague. So, the research significance is evident in identifying the effectiveness of meta-cognitive strategies on the cognitive achievement of football for third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
The research problem in the form of the following question is what is the effect of meta-cognition strategies on cognitive achievement of offensive tactical behavior situations in football among students. The research aims to build and codify cognitive achievement test for offensive tactical behavior situations in football among students, to identify the effectiveness of meta-cognition strategies on cognitive achievement among students ’offensive tactical behavior situations in football. The research hypotheses have significant statistically significant differences between the pre and post tests and the experimental and control groups and in favor of the post test, and there are significant differences with statistically significant significance between the experimental and control groups in the post test and in favor of the experimental group.
The research community has been identified by the third stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Kufa for the academic year 2018/2019 and their number is (75) students. The researchers concluded that there is a positive impact of using meta-cognition strategy on teaching football, which led to raising the level of achievement among Students, the meta-cognitive strategy transformed the football subject into a meaning closer to understanding by students, linking the information stored in his memory with new information .The researchers recommended Adding meta-cognition strategies in teaching methods curricula in the colleges related to the educational process.

The study aimed to:
1.Identify the values of some kinematic variables during shooting from the jumping of both sides for corner players in handball.
2. Identify the relationship between the values of some kinematic variables and the three stages of shooting (flight , leaving the ball, landing) during shooting from the jumping of both sides of the corner players in handball.
The researcher used the descriptive approach. The research sample included (6) players from the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at the alternative site in Dohuk / Simil Governorate. The main experiment was conducted on them and filmed. Modern scientific techniques were used, as (2) video cameras were used for filming Players during shooting from jumping from both sides to corner players in handball as well as using modern scientific programs to extract the kinematic variables under study. The SPSS statistical package was used in extracting the arithmetic mean - standard deviation - simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) - coefficient of variation.

The research aims to reveal the use of the video program and the built-in program in learning the skills of chest pass and Dribble. The research sample consisted of (36) learners from Senhareeb Sports Club. The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the research. The researchers got results through the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, error rate, and (T) for independent and independent samples and analysis of variance as well as the (LSD) test. All three research groups outperformed in the post test over the pre-test. The third experimental group, which used the combined method Tutorial video + traditional trainer method) outperformed on the second and first group in learning pass and dribble skills. The second experimental group, which used the followed method, outperformed the first group, which used the instructional video presentation.

This research dealt with several axes, including the introduction of the research and its significance of which lies in the use of special exercises using rubber ropes. The research significance lies in preparing these exercises by working in this method of exercises with rubber ropes and the rest periods are short, as the researchers see that they affect the heart rate and endurance Strength among advanced football players as well as developing the scoring skill among football players, as these exercises improve the player's ability to complete the match in the best way in terms of high performance among advanced football players. Thus, the player's performance is reflected at the team level, as it is required to perform the best job and skill levels throughout the match.
Through the field experience of the researchers, they did not notice that there is a weakness in the functional aspect and this weakness leads to the inability of the player to continue performing until the end of the match, so the researchers decided to prepare special exercises using rubber ropes that would have a positive effect on the heart rate and strength endurance among advanced football players as well as the scoring skill of advanced football players. The research aims to:
. Prepare exercises using rubber ropes among advanced football players.1
2.identify the effect of exercise using rubber ropes for heart rate and strength endurance as well as the scoring skill of advanced football players.

Sport of the disabled is one of the important activities practiced by the disabled, as it improves and develops the physical and functional condition, raises their morale, and satisfies their needs and desires for self-affirmation, which makes them feel a sense of belonging to society. The research problem was identified through the researcher's follow-up to the training units. The researcher observed that it is necessary for the coach to use effective and effective training methods that differ from the methods used to apply through the training unit.
The research aims to:
1.Understand the effect of using Polymeric Training to develop special power (explosive force, endurance force, and force characterized by speed)
. Identify the effect of using polymeric training in achieving the long jump

1.Identify the effect of the reciprocal and imperative method in learning the accuracy of peaceful shooting in basketball
2.Identify the best teaching method (the American - the reciprocal) on the accuracy of peaceful shooting in basketball.
The researcher used the experimental approach with two equal control and experimental groups. The research sample included intermediate second-grade students in Erbil Model Intermediate School for Boys and the number of the sample was (32) students ,(16) for each group. The researcher used Several tools and devices such as basket ball, a stopwatch, a tape measure, signs and a questionnaire form. The researcher concluded that :
1.The educational curriculum prepared according to the methods used in the research has a positive and effective effect on teaching the skill of peaceful shooting in basketball.
2.The experimental group (the reciprocal method) outperformed the control group in the skillful performance of peaceful shooting in basketball .

The research aims to:
1- Prepare a measure of organizational culture for faculty members in physical education for some Kurdistan Region universities.
2- Identify the differences in the dimensions of organizational culture between faculty members in the faculties and departments of physical education of some universities in the Kurdistan Region according to the governorates (Erbil - Sulaymaniyah - Duhok).
In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method. The research community is represented by the faculty members of the departments and colleges of some universities in the Kurdistan Region for the academic year (2014/2015) and the size of the study population reached (228) schools. The researchers used the deliberate random sampling method in selecting the study sample, whose number reached (114) members of the teaching staff , As this number represents 54% of the total community. The two researchers conducted an exploratory study on a random sample of the faculty members of the College of Physical Education / University of Salah al-Din, consisting of (15 teachers), during the period (04/20/2015) To (4/27/2015), and after ensuring that all the conditions and scientific coefficients for a questionnaire form were met, as well as completing all procedures to implement the basic study, the two researchers applied the research questionnaire form on the basic sample of (114) faculty members from the universities of the Kurdistan region. The questionnaire was applied in the period 5/5/2015 and ended on 25/5/2015, in light of the results obtained, processed, presented and interpreted, and within the limits of the method used.

The research significance was evident in raising the physiological and physical level of students using the correct codification of training, especially in Fartlek training, because of their great importance in functional and physical changes when practicing them as well as working on communicating scientific information to trainers and teachers about the importance of this training to students in raising their physical and physiological level. The research aims to:
1.Prepare training exercises in the Fartlek style, using different intensities on developing some physical and physiological fitness elements among students of the Faculty of Physical Education.
2.Identify the effect of Fartlek exercises and training with different intensities on developing some physical and physiological fitness elements among students of the Faculty of Physical Education.
The experimental method of research included equal groups (two experimental groups) .The research sample was the first stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Sulaymaniyah , and a set of tests, measurements and exploratory experiments were developed as well as the training used by Fartlek, which lasted for two months

The research aims to identify the relationship of some bio kinematic variables and the electrical activity of the muscles to the accuracy of football scoring and to identify the percentage of the contribution of some bio kinematic variables and electrical activity of the muscles of the legs to the accuracy of football scoring . The team of the College of Sports Education at the University of Sulaymaniyah in football for the academic year (2019/2020) and totaling (12) players. The researchers used testing, measurement and scientific and technical observation as a means to collect data, and then used statistical methods to analyze the data, and the researchers reached the following conclusions: 1.The presence of a significant correlation between some bio kinematic variables and the accuracy of football scoring skill.
2.There is a significant correlation between the variables of electrical activity of the muscles studied and the accuracy of football scoring skill.
3.The percentage of the contribution of some biochemical variables in the accuracy of football scoring skill was good, which confirms the effectiveness of these measures in the performance of the skill.
4.The percentage of the contribution of some of the studied muscle electrical activity variables to the accuracy of soccer scoring skill was good, which confirms the effectiveness of these measurements in skill performance.

The boxing game is based on many variables, as the researcher deliberately sheds light on the study of endurance performance among junior boxers and the causes of differences in performance endurance percentages of junior boxers from a physiological standpoint related to cardiac energy and biochemical variables in order to identify their contribution to endurance performance in boxing. The research included the problems that the researcher tries to answer them, namely: Is there a relationship between psychological energy and biochemical variables (LDH, catalase, lactic acid, cortisol) with the endurance of boxing performance among juniors? For the sake of a broad understanding of the impact of these variables on endurance performance in order to benefit from their impact. The most important objectives of the research were to identify the relationship and contribution percentages between psychological energy and biochemical variables (LDH, catalase, lactic acid, cortisol) with endurance to boxing performance among juniors. The most important hypothesis was there was a statistically significant relationship between psychological energy and biochemical variables (LDH, catalase, lactic acid, cortisol) with endurance to boxing performance among juniors. The researcher chose the descriptive approach in the survey method and the correlation relations for its relevance to the nature of the research. The research sample was represented by the research community itself, so the researcher took all members of the community in the research (the comprehensive enumeration method)

The research aims to identify the effect of the cooperative learning method on developing the speed of the motor response in football among students, as well as the effect of the cooperative learning method on developing some football skills among students. The experimental approach was used to design the two equal groups of pre and post test. The research community was represented by students the second grade of Alnajah intermediate for boys in the center of Baghdad governorate, totaling (174) students. The research sample was chosen randomly from a community of the original community, and by (30) students were divided into two groups, with an equal number for each group (15) students. The researcher used tools for measurement (Test, measurement and observation). The most important results of the research indicated that the cooperative learning strategy has a clear impact on developing the speed of the motor response in football. In addition to that following this strategy during the educational units is highly effective on developing the skills of pass and scoring in football among second-grade students. The researcher recommended to emphasize the adoption of a cooperative learning strategy in educational units in football among second-grade students as well as the necessity of using the cooperative learning strategy in the educational units since it is effective and interesting and achieves the principle of speed in learning and eliminating the feeling of boredom and lack of motivation among the learners.

The study aimed to identify the degree of prevalence of obstacles encountered in studying physical education at the Institute of Fine Arts for Boys and the proposed solutions from the students' point of view.
The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method to suit the nature and problem of the research.
The study sample consisted of (130) students who were selected using the stratified randomized method from the three academic stages at the institute, and a questionnaire was constructed consisting of (30) items divided into two parts.
The data were analyzed statistically using arithmetic averages and percentages, and the results of the study showed the following: As for the total obstacles in general, they were very severe, and their percentage reached 78.83%. As for the overall proposed solutions, in general, they were highly appropriate solutions, with a percentage of 81.39%.

Violence and riot in sports stadiums are a more common phenomenon, especially in football stadiums. The study aimed to:
. Learn about the causes of violence and riot in Iraqi Kurdistan football stadiums.1
2.Identify the arithmetic mean of the field and the causes related to violence and riot in football stadiums of Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
3.In light of the results, a cultural program is proposed to educate the public and those concerned with sports stadiums, with the aim of providing appropriate recommendations and solutions to reduce and limit stadium riot.
The researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the research. The researcher used a questionnaire of violence and riots in sports stadiums, which was designed by Khaled Zyoud (2014) and applied to the research sample consisting of (150). The results of the study showed that the phenomenon of violence and riots in the Iraqi Kurdistan’s football stadiums is caused first and second by administrators, coaches and the public, followed by the referees, then players and finally the media. In light of this, the study recommended working to educate the sports fans by establishing fans' links in each city or all clubs and work on educating coaches, administrators and players and recommending them not to focus only on the training side and winning, and to establish strict laws and penalties against the guilty, and to establish special sessions and refine the referees to behave correctly in aggressive and rough situations and learn from their mistakes as well as working to establish a security unit or team for sports stadiums and the necessity of keeping the media away from reclamation and mobilizing the masses with hatred and creating discord among them. Finally, the Football Association proposes a project for awareness and education through a special approach called "Respect for the Game``

The development in all areas of life has made sports a prominent and important position in the lives of nations, and this development made physical education linked to various sciences such as physiology, psychology, biomechanics and other sciences. football is one of the group games that have its multiple basic principle , which depends in its dedication on following proper planning in training methods .The success and progress of the team has largely relied on the competencies of this performance as the development of physical characteristics must be compatible with the requirements of modern training in football as technical exercises are related to physical exercises, especially exercises that improve the agility and speed of the player. What requires attention is to find the characteristic of agility, flexibility and accuracy as the characteristic that makes the player with a great deal of art of correct performance of skill and a high physical condition.
Agility is an important characteristic that combines other composite qualities, and there is no fundamental difference between agility and skill, because agility comes through repeated training for various activities and skill activities and is linked to it.
The research aims to:
. Identify the level of scoring among young football players.1
. Identify the element of agility among young football players.2.
. Identify the relationship between agility and football scoring accuracy

1. Identify the effect of anaerobic stress on oxidation and some of its antioxidants in the blood football players. among
2.Understand the relationship between oxidation and some of its antioxidants with cretin keins in the blood after anaerobic stress.
The two researchers used the descriptive approach for its suitability to the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of (10) players representing Hendreen Football Club (from the Premier League clubs in Kurdistan region), who were chosen by the deliberate method, and their average age was (24.9 years), and height was (177.2 cm), and weight was (72.3 kg) respectively, and they were subjected to a jogging test on the rotor bar with anaerobic voltage, in temperatures ranging between (22-25) degrees. The researchers used Celsius by (Brian) test to measure the research variables: The researchers concluded: 1.The absence of significant differences in the concentration of the enzyme glutathione before and after anaerobic stress.
2.There were significant differences in the concentration of malondialdehyde and (TOC, SOD, CAT, CK) before and after anaerobic stress.
There was a significant correlation between MDA and cretin keins after anaerobic stress.

The research significance is to improve the wheelchair basketball game and work to raise the physical level, especially endurance, through the development of appropriate exercises with effect, which is muscle strength, being the important and basic characteristic of building the strength required in the player's body to perform the various types of endurance required as well as the important basic skills and thus it may contribute to raise the level of players and achieve the required sporting achievements.
Through the researcher's humble experience in basketball game and his observation of the level of performance of wheelchair basketball players , he observed that there is a fluctuation in the level of the players, especially the endurance quality to complete the game definitively, and this is the research problem. The research aims to Prepare special muscle strength exercises for the upper limbs on some types of special endurance and offensive skill performance of wheelchair basketball players.

The significance of the current research lies in trying to develop tests for the most important visual abilities of female students in basketball in the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, which may help them to interact positively and respond to the requirements of the skills to be learned.
The research aims to form tests for the most important visual abilities in basketball among female students. The researchers used the descriptive approach in line with the nature of the problem, and the research community was identified with students of the second stage in the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the universities( Kufa - Babil - Qadisiyah - Karbala) and their number (121) students, and a sample was chosen to form tests for the most important visual abilities as it included (80) students from the research community (66.11%), then the most important visual abilities were applied. The results obtained was treated statistically using the statistical bag (SPSS), and after analyzing and presenting the results, the two researchers came to a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the ability of the most important visual abilities tests that were built in the most important visual abilities of the female students.
Finally, the researchers recommended Paying attention to developing the most important visual abilities when learning skills in basketball among female students

The methods and techniques of teaching in physical education depend on physical, social, psychological and intellectual values and goals , so teaching is one of the planned systems because it leads to the events of the learning process of students in various aspects . The main goal of teaching methods leads to the events of changes in behavior of the learner, seeking to provide him with information, skills and attitudes in order to achieve the educational objectives :
The research aims to:
1. Identify the effect of the method used in the invested time and learning the skills of shooting and throwing the ball in Football among fourth-grade preparatory school students. 2. Identify the effect of the method used in the invested time and learning the skills of shooting and throwing the ball in Football among fourth-grade preparatory school students.

The research aimed to identify the blood groups in the research sample (Specialized School) in volleyball in Baghdad, and introduce physical exercises for each blood group to identify the extent of the change in physiological variables and physical abilities. The sample consisted of 30 players in the specialized school affiliated to the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The main experiment included two phases. The first is to identify the blood types of the two players, and the blood type (A +) has become (14 players) and blood type (AB) is (12 players) after exclusion of (4 players) for refusing to participate in the experiment. The second stage of the experiment is the application of physical exercises on the research sample (the two groups) for the purpose of identifying the differences between the two types .

Nations and societies seek to develop their curricula and are interested in their educational systems in line with the developments of the times. Therefore, the researcher resorted to a proposed conception of developing physical and physical education curricula in light of the concept of curriculum engineering and developing a continuous integrated system for developing physical education curricula in public education, and this research provides those responsible for developing curricula. Sports education and the bodies related to the development process, and within the framework of using the descriptive curriculum, the axes revolve around three: Physical Education Curriculum Development - Curriculum Engineering - A proposed conception of developing physical education curricula on a sample of (45) male and female teachers . The results were a comprehensive and continuous curriculum for teaching and building documents Physical education curricula, design and implementation of physical education activities, application, appropriate methods, strategies and evaluation methods for the development of physical education, school environment development and school sport.

The study aimed to identify the relationship between out of balance diving shot and psychological barriers, identify the percentage of the psychological barriers to out of balance diving shot , and predict out of balance diving shot among the players of the Qadisiyah University team in terms of psychological barriers. The researchers used the descriptive method, the method of studying correlation relations for its suitability to the nature of the study and its objectives. The researchers also identified the research community, who are the players of the Qadisiyah University team of handball, who 20 players. The researchers conducted the research procedures and identified the tests concerned with the subject of the study, which resulted in the nomination of one test to measure out of balance diving shot as well as one measure of psychological barriers .A questionnaire was distributed to survey the opinions of (6) experts and specialists in this field to determine their validity. Afterwards, the exploratory experiment was conducted on a random sample of 10 players from the Qadisiyah University team of handball. The results of the researchers have produced the achievement of all the purposes for which the exploratory experiment was conducted, which indicates the good response of the players and their enthusiasm to implement the test and the appropriate time and good output and its organization, and how to conduct it, apply it and record its results, as well as its validity in measuring psychological barriers and out of balance diving shot. Then, the researchers conducted their main experiment. On the first day, the scale was distributed to 20 players and on the second day the skill of out of balance diving shot was tested on 20 players as well, The researchers concluded to devise a predictive equation through which one can predict out of balance diving shot in terms of psychological barriers, and that out of balance diving shot is related to a significant relationship with psychological barriers.

Athletics is one of the individual games that requires a high level of physical fitness and technical numbers, as each depends on the other, as competition in the integration of the physical and technical aspects depending on the other aspects is considered one of the modern means in sports training to reach the level of better achievement in general and competition of weight push in particular since this activity depends on its motor performance in achieving a high level of physical characteristics and the degree of integration between them, including strength, speed and endurance, and in order to stand at the level of students, the tests should be used to identify the level of their physical and technical abilities. Therefore, the idea of studying some special physical characteristics and their relationship to achievement of weight push and due to impacts of researches and studies on these factors on improving the level and performance, the researcher decided find out the type of relationship to achieving weight push in order to reach results that serve researchers and trainers in developing this activity .The research aimed to identify some special physical characteristics and to find a correlation between some characteristics and the achievement of weight push .The researcher hypothesized that there is a significant correlation relationship of statistical significance between some of the physical characteristics of weight push. The researcher used the descriptive approach due to its suitability for the nature, objectives and hypotheses of the study. The research procedures were carried out by selecting the sample members from the female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad, the fourth stage, and by the intentional method and the use of many means and tools. The most important special physical characteristics after reviewing the sources and opinions of experts and specialists in the field of sports training.

The research significance is to show the role and importance of self-learning and the multi-media method of teaching with the subject of fencing in the basic offensive skills according to a multi-media method because it is a program that helps the student to self-learning and advance with skill, thus reducing time and effort for the learner and teacher.
The research aims to:
1.Preparing self-learning according to the multimedia method in teaching basic offensive skills with Epee.
2.Identify the effect of self-learning according to the multimedia method in teaching basic offensive skills with Epee. The researcher concluded that Self-learning method according to the multi-media method is important and necessary to perform basic offensive skills with Epee. Its objectives have been achieved by producing the fencing lesson for students and teaching them within the specified period. The researcher recommended the necessity of adopting the method of self-learning according to the method of multi-media because of its important and necessary role to perform the basic offensive skills with Epee, which was evident in achieving its objectives the result of the fencing lesson for students and their learning in the specified period.

The research aims to identify the role of mental visualization in drawing the motor duty during blind performance and does this performance affect the motor path and motor duty during walking?
Is mental visualization just an regulator or controller of performance?
This is the research question and its purpose. As for the research procedures , 20 participants participated in this test, which included walking without vision for a distance of 40 meters. In the second test, the participants were asked to visualize the motor path for a minute before the performance to draw the motor path before the blind performance.
The results showed significant differences in mental visulazation on controlling the motor pathway during blind performance. Therefore, we deduce the mental visulization directing the motor pathways and controlling and controlling performance with vision or blind action. Mental visualization is a mental mapping of the mind in directing motor paths in the absence of visual vision.