Al-Bahith Journal

This research reveals that one of the poets of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) adopted a mechanism of lexical construction, which is the mechanism of repetition. The poet employed this mechanism in expressions and compositions that revealed explicitly his belief in the right of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) to assume the authority of Muslims when He singled them out for His attributes and chose them among the worlds. In our study, we focused on the three types of repetition that modern linguistics and textualism use in this study, which are complete repetition, derivation, and repetition in tandem.

That political thought has multiple direction, different checks and phrases. In particular the philosophical and hurricanes of the 20th century who left the fingerprint in which the history of the history was to ask them to political peoples and how crystal them as political aspects and the advantage of Isaia Berlin from the most prominent thinkers and philosophers of the 20th century, whose significant work was made in a contemporary political philosophy. The ideas contributed to the introduction of ethical ideas in the political area of political relations in order to establish violence of the political, through which the control of violence and the impact of the rational behavior and social wire to take. The decision is a peaceful course.

The current research aims to identify:
1- Cognitive competence in dialogue among educational counselors
2- The significance of the differences in the cognitive competence of dialogue among educational counselors according to the variables (gender, age). The researchers used two research tools, which are the following:
The two researchers built a measure of cognitive competence for dialogue based on McDowell's (cumulative performance) theory
To achieve the research objectives, the descriptive approach was used, and the psychometric properties of the scale were extracted after presenting it to a group of experts. The reliability coefficient reached by the Cronbach alpha method (0.852) and by the test-retest method (0.874). Second-order factor analysis was also used and the value of goodness-of-fit indicators was extracted after improving The model, then the two researchers analyzed the data by using the statistical era for the social sciences, and the results showed the presence of conversational cognitive competence among educational counselors.

Summary
The Ottoman authorities pursued an unjust tax policy towards agriculture in Iraq. The Ottoman authorities relied heavily on agricultural tax revenues, as they constituted the largest sources of income from budget taxes for the three Iraqi states (Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul). The reason for this Is that agriculture represented the primary profession in Iraq at that time, and the peasants represented the largest segments of Iraqi society, so the Ottoman authorities tried to recognize money from this economic field in the form of taxes, which led to the deterioration of agricultural production, as a result of their great pressure on the peasants, which forced some of them to leave this profession and move towards the cities In order to perhaps achieve To do a better job..
The Ottoman tax system used in Iraq, especially on agriculture, did not have any of the features of international tax systems, as most systems were based on the fact that tax revenues taken from them were returned to them by providing them with public benefits, but this was not seen in the Ottoman tax system. In Iraq, most of the money collected from agricultural taxes was spent on equipping the Ottoman armies and covering administrative expenses and other areas, and none was spent on developing agriculture, returning farmers, and promoting agricultural production. Therefore, it is unfair to say that the money taken from farmers is taxes.

Abstract
The countries of Kuwait and Syria made clear efforts to end the Iraq-Iran war since the first days of its outbreak, and were motivated to move in this direction by their own interests. Kuwait feared the war would spread to its territory due to its proximity to the arenas of military operations, while Syria had an interest in stopping the Iraq-Iran war as soon as possible. Possible, in order to direct all the attention of the Arab and Islamic world, some of which were preoccupied at the time with the Iran-Iraq war, towards the Zionist threat represented by its occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights. The efforts made and the mediations proposed by the Kuwaiti and Syrian governments all failed, and the reason for this is due to the extremism of both sides of the war, especially the Iranian side. In addition, the efforts of Kuwait and Syria showed signs of failure before they began because Kuwait sided with Iraq in the war, while Syria was sided with Iran, so the party seeking to solve a problem is supposed to be neutral before starting any effort so that it can dialogue with both sides of the problem. Kuwait and Syria were biased in their efforts and positions regarding peace initiatives and international mediations to stop the war to the side that supported it on the issue of war, and this matter became clear in many situations, and Syria preferred to end the war according to mediation that would weaken the Iraqi government and strengthen Iran’s position in the region. As for Kuwait, it was On the contrary, it was afraid of both sides of the war, because Iraq had ambitions in Kuwaiti lands. As for Iran, it seeks to export its revolution abroad and overthrow the monarchical regimes ruling the region at the time. Therefore, it saw that if the war ended according to mediation that would enhance the status of one of the war parties, this would constitute a danger to it. However, it feared Iran more than it feared Iraq.

Summary
The tendency of modern criticism to the linguistic structure of the literary text and to distance it from contexts beyond its borders creates new visions that appear through the interconnectedness and clustering of words, and all of this is done with a deliberate disregard for the circumstances of the emergence of the text itself, but with a mystical text based on concealment and allusion, not on The clarity and clarification may make such studies deviate from its intended meaning, for the Sufi language must return to its creator and product, for several reasons, including: Sufism is an individual experience and what a Sufi is experiencing cannot be generalized to other Sufis, as they have their terms and meanings that cannot be deciphered. Its blades, and its indications are only evident in a historical and psychological return ... and accordingly, we notice the scholars ’use of these aspects in their studies, and in many cases, the methods of modernity.

This research touched on the geographical distribution of wheat crop cultivation in the two districts of Al-Hindiya and Ain Al-Tamr during the time period (2010-2020) and trying to track the data for the cultivated areas, production and agricultural yield for each year during this time period. The cultivated area was / dunum or the amount of production / ton and the agricultural yield was kg /dunum It was found that there is a great discrepancy between the judiciary and the administrative units of both districts. The reason for this discrepancy in the cultivated areas and production is due to several reasons, the most important of which is the reluctance of farmers, as well as the low economic return of one dunam compared to the production costs that fall on the farmer’s shoulders, in addition to the lack of government support for the farmer, not to mention the natural factors such as soil. Climate, water resources .... etc.

A test is an essential device for teachers as it helps to evaluate the performance of their students in English language, and for learners because it assists them to discover the weakness and strength areas of their performances. Teachers want to measure different language skills of their students like pronunciation tests that have showed their ability in, like spelling listening and comprehension.
The test is a set of words (about 20 words) reads to the students once only by the teacher .The students' task is to read them carefully in normal speed, while the researchers record the voice of each student when he reads.
The present study aims to identify errors of learners at the university stage in pronunciation.

Abstract:
The research dealt with the study of external interference by addressing the concept of external interference and knowing its types represented by the practices that countries carry out towards others with the aim of imposing control over them in line with their interests. The research focused on external interference and its impact on the system of values and the extent to which that impact reflects on the security and stability of society in Iraq. The focus was on the time period from (1972-2019 AD) as it was the period in history in which Iraq was most exposed to external interference at the regional and international levels. The research also examined the repercussions resulting from the change and imbalance of the value system, which were represented by many unacceptable negative aspects that are foreign to the values. The customs of Iraqi society among some groups of society, such as (drug abuse, corruption of all kinds،The spread of manifestations of behavioral deviation, the dismantling of the cultural structure sought by globalization, the impact of which has led to the cohesion and fragmentation of society, the weakness of societal cohesion between members of society, and others) are among the repercussions caused by external intervention due to many of the procedures followed, which at the same time constituted pressure factors on individuals from During the study of these inputs, it becomes clear to us the reasons for the change in values and their transformation into negative values that have no relation to the moral and cultural values of members of Iraqi society, and the impact of these transformations on the instability of the security situation in Iraq for years, as they are a natural result of external interventions to which society is still exposed. Or in the end, the research continues to reach several conclusions and recommendations for study.

Iraqi Network of University Libraries, Azhar Mahdi Abboud, University of Warith AL Anbiyaa, Central Library, Mobile 07865163795, Azhar mahdy503@Gmail.com
The research attempts to give a clear picture of the reality of university libraries in Iraq. It is time for libraries to promote themselves as world-class university libraries. In light of economic constraints, the high cost of books and periodicals, the increasing demand for the use of new media, the increasing number of users and their specialized needs, and the change in information technology. The study attempted to overcome the problems of lack of resources by using information technology applications in libraries. The proposed project will be useful for developing the network of university libraries in Iraq
The study included (11) universities (central libraries) only, and collected information about users, collections, services, library automation, computing, networks, Internet services, access to databases, and others. The study reached a number of results and conclusions, the most important of which are:
The number of science colleges and the number of students benefiting from the library are increasing. Compared to humanities departments, while the number of humanities departments increases compared to scientific departments.
There is an urgent need to cover all college and department libraries at each university under a local area network (LAN) to serve those who benefit from them, including professors, researchers, and students.
There is an urgent need to develop the network of university libraries in Iraq.
The study concluded with a number of recommendations. The most important of which is that the library possesses scientific information, and that the libraries of Iraqi universities and the central library of the University of Baghdad are the richest and largest libraries in terms of resources, budget, and staff. However, most libraries suffer from economic constraints, and cooperation between libraries is limited to exchange and gift services. Therefore, there is a necessary need for participation, networking, and establishing a network of university libraries in Iraq

Abstract
This research sheds light on the role of James Buchanan in Texas to the Union in his Capacity as US Secretary of State during the era of President Polk , as well as his position on the Oregon issue , The research was divided into an introduction and tow chapters in addition to the conclusion , The first chapter explained the role of Buchanan argued in defense of the accession of Texas , and the second chapter contained his views and his quest to resolve the Oregon Crisis .

The study addressed one of the most important problems that negatively affect the educational structure of the population, which makes it distorted and irregular. The study focused on revealing the causes of the problem of students dropping out of education at both levels (middle-secondary) in Al-Qasim district and its administrative units according to the geographical perspective that studies phenomena and analyzes them spatially. The importance of the study comes from the fact that it reveals the most serious population problems that have serious social, economic and political dimensions, and which are dangerous in their impact on the formation of the individual and society, since education is the basic pillar in the rise and prosperity of civilizations, and this has become clear through in-depth research and study. The field stated that the problem of dropout and abandonment of studies has worsened in the judiciary due to a number of variables, the most influential of which were economic, social and educational variables, in addition to the tense and turbulent political reasons that affected the country in general and the study area in particular during the last two decades compared to what was the case at the end of the twentieth century

Abstract
The study aimed to explore the frequency, distribution, and communicative impact of different speech act categories within the questions in the Holy Quran. It also sought to understand the unique communicative objectives served by these inquiries and the rhetorical devices employed. Additionally, the study examines the role of adverbs in enhancing the coherence and unity of the sacred text. The findings of this pragma-stylistic analysis contribute to a deeper understanding of the Quranic discourse and its persuasive and rhetorical tactics. This study adopts a qualitative research design to conduct a pragma-stylistic analysis of questions in the Holy Quran. The research paradigm employed is qualitative, focusing on a descriptive analysis of the data collected. The design ensures a close integration between data collection and analysis, allowing for a comprehensive and coherent examination of the collected data. For data collection, a series of questions from the Holy Quran have been chosen as the primary data for analysis.
The model of analysis employed in this study can be described as eclectic, as it combines elements of pragmatics and stylistics. Searle's classification of speech acts and Leech and Short's inventory of linguistic and stylistic categories form the foundation of the analysis. Additionally, statistical tools such as tables and figures are utilized to support the qualitative analysis, providing visual representations of the findings, The main conclusions of the study are: 1. the analysis of questions in the Holy Quran reveals their significance in conveying the message, engaging the audience, and prompting reflection. Representative questions, wh-questions, and rhetorical questions are commonly used, while tag questions have a limited presence. The diverse use of questions contributes to the Quran's rhetorical and stylistic appeal, making it a powerful and thought-provoking religious text. 2. The Quran utilizes a range of linguistic and stylistic categories, with grammatical categories being the most dominant. Figures of speech, including rhetorical devices and figurative language, are less frequent but add to the poetic and rhetorical beauty of the Quran. Rhetorical devices, such as metaphor, irony, hyperbole, and metonymy, add depth and impact to the questions, reinforcing key messages and beliefs. These devices capture the attention of the audience, making the inquiries more memorable and persuasive. 3. Lexical categories, focusing on specific words or vocabulary, and context cohesion questions contribute to the coherence and flow of the discourse. Adverbs and adjective phrases in the Quran enhance the coherence and unity of the sacred text. Negative adverbs caution against certain behaviors or actions, emphasizing the consequences or moral implications associated with them. Positive adverbs highlight virtuous qualities, commendable actions, or desirable attitudes, encouraging believers to strive for righteousness and foster a sense of unity. Neutral adverbs provide objective descriptions or explanations, ensuring the messages are unbiased and factual. Adjective phrases, in conjunction with adverbs, enrich the meaning by adding descriptive details and qualifiers to nouns or pronouns. 4. The analysis of context cohesion categories in the Holy Quran reveals several key findings. Firstly, the Quran uses questions to encourage reflection and contemplation, encouraging intellectual engagement and challenging assumptions.

Summary of the research:
This study tries to touch upon an important topic of Arabic grammar. We find that it took a good place among the commentators, which is "the opposition to the introduction and delay in the nominal sentence of the exegetes until the end of the sixth century of Hijra". Presentation and delay except for the sake of meaning and because this topic is very large in books of interpretation, so the study was satisfied with the viewer of introduction and delay in some places of the noun sentence.

The research aimed to study the impact of using the “Big Leader” strategy on the achievement of sixth-grade primary school students in social studies. To achieve the research goal, the researcher relied on the partial control experimental correction for two equivalent groups to suit the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of (60) students who were purposively selected from (Maytham Al-Tammar Mixed Primary School) affiliated with the Directorate of Karbala Governorate. This sample was randomly divided into two groups, one of them experimental included (30) students who studied social studies topics according to the “Big Leader” strategy, and another control group consisted of (30) students who studied the same subject in the traditional way. Before starting the experiment, the researcher ensured the statistical equivalence of the two research groups in a number of variables that are believed to affect the validity of the experiment. These variables are (the chronological age of the students calculated in months, the educational attainment of the parents, the intelligence test, and the first semester grades of social studies for the previous year). The researcher identified the behavioral objectives totaling (30) behavioral objectives according to the achievement test, and according to Bloom’s classification (knowledge, understanding, application). The research also prepared teaching plans for both groups, and the researcher also adopted the achievement test consisting of (30) paragraphs of the multiple-choice test type, and verified its validity, stability, discrimination, ease, and difficulty, as well as the researcher conducted statistical analyses for its paragraphs. The results showed the superiority of the experimental group who studied according to the “Big Leader” strategy over the control group who studied according to the usual way in the post-achievement test. The researcher also concluded that employing the “Big Leader” strategy in teaching social studies gives students the ability to highlight ideas and participate in cooperative learning, in addition to that learning using the “Big Leader” strategy has its impact in making the learner understand and realize what he acquires from concepts unlike the learner who learns in the usual way as his understanding and acquisition of concepts decrease. The researcher came out with the following recommendations:
1) Directing social studies teachers not to limit themselves to traditional teaching methods and the need to diversify in modern methods, including the “Big Leader” strategy.
2) The necessity of equipping classrooms and study halls with the necessary educational tools to assist social studies teachers in teaching according to the “Big Leader” strategy

Abstract
Excellence approach calling for Idris Imad Eddin in seven Seventh writing a lack of mentioning the support and his men, and perhaps this is due to being dated and not up to date or explaining Ktabra for example 0 or he might prefer to delete the bond in order to avoid prolonging, and marked also his approach to mention, most of the years of death among men, and the dates of the events cited by
We can say that calling for Idris' Imad al-Din is one of the flags of preachers and historians of the Fatimids in Yemen who lived in the ninth century the fourth century AD, a period which saw Yemen sentenced two lived with each other as a contemporary of calling these countries to check their kings closely and won their respect
The study noted that Idris Imad Eddin he collected between accidents and translations on the format chosen for himself giving the book recipe interest in public history that combines accidents and translations as he did not intend to meet the translator as it was aimed at definition translators so we see is limited to male known for Translator
A curriculum proposal Idris Imad Eddin in his objectivity in terms of the order of events and historical Almruyat, taking into account this chronology in the order of these events 0 also taken into account the calls for scientific pattern in the presentation of the material, information sequential inconsistent One of them takes the other necks
Excellence approach calling for Idris Imad Eddin in seven Seventh writing a lack of mentioning the support and his men, and perhaps this is due to being dated and not up to date or explaining Ktabra for example 0 or he might prefer to delete the bond in order to avoid prolonging, and marked also his approach to mention, most of the years of death among men, and the dates of the events cited by

The United States of America has been a significant political and economic power on the global stage, especially since the second half of the 19th century. This enabled them to expand diplomatically, relying on individuals from their own ranks who excelled in political and diplomatic acumen, serving their country's interests in the Middle East. Among these was the American minister residing in Baghdad, Paul Knabenshue (1883-1942), whose role stood out during the Anglo-Iraqi War in 1941. He played a key part in evacuating all American citizens from Baghdad, while also welcoming British citizens who faced difficulties leaving the city. A number of Jews and members of other foreign communities also joined them in seeking refuge at the American consulate.

Abstract:
The country of Anatolia is considered one of the vital centers, with its climatic and environmental diversity, which has received human groups since the earliest times, including the ancient Stone Ages, when Homo sapiens lived in its caves and grottoes, leaving some of its stone monuments that represented tools for hunting and gathering food, in addition to some monuments. Artistic art, including drawings and scribbles on the walls of caves, through which he expressed, according to what researchers believe, his psychological components and his innate beliefs, as a result of his communication with the known and unknown surrounding him. In Anatolia, after the climate conditions in the Pleistocene era became more moderate, which allowed humans to visit the region, which can be monitored by the discovery of some initial tools, especially the hand ax that humans used to defend themselves against the dangers of nature and the environment. These tools showed that the man of this era in Asia Minor lived by hunting and gathering food, and that he resided in rock shelters and caves at successive periods, where the search for food was the control of his movement. The remains of Anatolian man in some important caves, especially in the southern part of the mountains of Anatolia, indicate the culture of the Paleolithic Age and the Chronology therein.

Shop names are the first thing that can draw customers attention. Shop names have been investigated in different fields. However, no other study has investigated persuasive strategies in shop names, especially from a pragmatic perspective, so the present study attempts to fill this gap and aims to uncover the main strategies used in shop names for persuasion. To achieve the aim of this study, an eclectic model of analysis is adopted for analysing the data. The model comprises Lucas's (2009) persuasive appeals and Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness strategies. In association with the aim, the study hypothesises that ethos and pathos are employed in shop names as persuasive strategies; off-record and bald-on-record politeness strategies are utilised in shop names for persuasion. The current study is limited to shop names written in English selected from the centre of Kerbala city. The qualitative and quantitative results of the analysis show that pathos has a high level of occurrence in shop names, while ethos rarely occurs. Similarly, off-records are used with a higher frequency than bald on record

The research deals with the study of the economic conditions in Turkey during the period 1961-1967, as it will present in its first axis the development of the economic conditions during the period 1950-1960, in a brief manner to give a clear picture of the economic reality at that stage, and then we will discuss in the second axis the new economic policy that emerged Its features became clear after the coup of the twenty-seventh of May 1960, which is based on advance planning to guide the economic future of the country through the establishment of a Supreme Planning Council and a central governmental planning organization and an explanation of its role in setting five-year development plans with the aim of achieving sustainable economic development. The third axis will address the first five-year development plan. In terms of its financial allocations, economic programs, and growth rates, both targeted and achieved, for the main sectors in the country and the extent of their impact on the general economic reality of the country.

This research sheds light on the role of ECOWAS in the civil war in Côte d'Ivoire (2002-2007). The research was divided into an introduction, three axes, and a conclusion: The first axis explained the civil war in Côte d'Ivoire (2002-2007), and the second axis was devoted to studying The role of ECOWAS in the civil war (2002-2007). The third axis dealt with the peace agreements and the role of ECOWAS in them (2002-2007), which were represented by the Lomé Agreement of October 24, 2002, the First Accra Agreement (February 1, 2003), and the Linas Markusis Agreement ( January 24, 2003), Accra III Agreement (July 31, 2004), Accra II Agreement (March 17, 2003), Pretoria Agreement (April 3, 2005), Ouagadougou Agreement (March 4, 2007)

There are many factors influencing the variation in residential land prices in the study area as a result of their influence by a group of factors overlapping with each other that work to raise and lower residential land prices. The most important of these factors is, firstly, location, as the highest values of residential plots are located near the main streets and begin to decrease as they go. We headed towards the outskirts of the neighborhood, as the Al-Salam sector recorded the highest value and the lowest value within this factor compared to the Al-Fayhaa sector. The second factor is infrastructure and community services, and although both sectors suffer from a significant lack of services and fall within the average level, despite this, they increase. Prices of serviced lands are estimated at (1,500,000) dinars per square meter, unlike unserved lands, their price does not exceed (600) thousand dinars per square meter. As for the third factor, which is the political factor, through housing policy, the state can achieve a balance between demand and supply in the residential market. This factor has a direct impact on the rise in land prices as a result of the lack of projects, most of which are stalled or under implementation projects. They suffer from delay and neglect of monitoring by government agencies. Most of these projects are within the Al-Salam sector and the Al-Fayhaa sector lacks such projects. As for the fourth factor, which is the economic factor, represented by costs. Construction: The prices of building materials and labor wages directly contributed to raising construction costs and in turn led to raising housing prices.

This research is a poet of the Arab poets, but his poetry did not receive the careful study or care that deserves, and this is the first detailed analysis of this poet, the information contained in the sources around him very few. I have chosen an optional topic to reveal (one of our poets), and found in his office an incentive to highlight the value of artistic and literary, which did not stand on the sides most of the insiders on his poetry, he is a poet printed his poetry on a subjective tendency, good preamble
The research came in a preface and several points studied in the preface to the life of the poet and his religious tendencies and studied the characteristics of Khuzaymah's artistic poetry starting with the general artistic construction in his poetry through words, poetic images, poetic rhythm, compositions, and so forth. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.

Language is not a direct expression or faithful reflection of reality, but rather a representation of it that is mixed with the ideologies, interests and goals of its user, meaning that ideas are expressed in language in two ways: One of them is figurative, like metaphorical expressions. Metaphorical expression is one of the means by which influence the recipient. They carry out the process of influence through several means, including making their message interesting or eye-catching. They resort to other methods of persuasion other than direct linguistic methods, by using linguistic rhetoric such as conceptual metaphor as an effective strategy for the recipient. Interpreters have produced a discourse with its metaphorical expressions, which has long-term structural effects, as it has consolidated the view of women in society throughout the ages, succeeded in producing knowledge, and shaping people’s beliefs about women.

The research deals with introducing the biography of the companion Wathila bin Al-Asqa’ Al-Laithi, and deducing ideas and their implications about his biography and personal life, through the narrations that were narrated from this companion, and through his narrations that he transmitted from the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace). Thus, Wathila bin Al-Asqa’ was among those who worked hard. In conveying the facts to us, he was chosen for our research to study his personal biography.

When human groups began to settle and practice their economic activities in Iraq, including agriculture, industry, and trade, they needed to search for means of transportation, and one of these means was river transportation, especially in Iraq, as there was something that facilitated this, which was the presence of two navigable rivers in most parts of them, and their branches extend to most cities and villages. In its wide geography.
In later eras, especially the Abbasid era, river transport was much faster than land transport, and it was also less expensive due to the development of ships and the multiplicity of their types. The needs for them also varied. There was commercial transport, as well as transport in battles, in addition to transport for pleasure and outings. All of this made river transport popular in that era

The issue of drug trafficking represented a sensitive issue in bilateral relations between Colombia and the United States of America in the 1970s, so the American administration under President Gerald Ford tried to urge the Colombian government to implement its anti-drug programs and provide material and military support to help Colombian authorities prevent drug smuggling into the United States. The two governments carried out joint operations against drug smugglers and production factories in Colombia. The Colombian government also followed strict measures to put an end to the drug problem in line with the desire of the American administration.
The United States of America also concluded a bilateral agreement ensuring that a military mission remains inside Colombian territory, with the mission of facilitating the implementation of American programs, especially toward drug traffickers. The US administration continued to provide military aid to the Colombian armed forces, and most of that aid went to the Colombian army and police to combat drugs and cover military expenses for operations.

Education is one of the important pillars and requirements of any society, and it is the main nucleus upon which nations depend in their renaissance and economic and social progress by consolidating national awareness among their children and laying the foundations of scientific knowledge that contribute to building human civilization. The educational function of a particular area can be measured by measuring the efficiency of the educational service. According to a number of quantitative indicators and standards related to the numbers of students, students, and teachers. Teachers, and the people, and the standards depend mainly on the educational goals that the state seeks, on the amount of available resources, and how to invest them in the correct technical ways.

A group of factors in choosing “Juhayman Al-Otaibi and the Uprising of the Holy Mosque in Mecca 1979...An Analytical Study” as the title of this study, and the character is one of the Hijazi religious and political writers who plays an important role in the history of the contemporary Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and was considered one of the leaders of the Wahhabi jihadist movement against the ruling The ninth political rule is a historical era.
The scope of the study was limited to the period from 1936 to 1979. The first represented the birth of Juhayman Al-Otaibi, while the year 1979 represented the year of the uprising in the Grand Mosque in Mecca, the arrest of Al-Otaibi, his trial, and the issuance of the punishment sentence against him.

This paper highlights the female voice in the novels of Jane Austen from a feminist perspective. The objectives of this study are to identify the various strategies employed by Austen's female characters to analyze the societal constraints and expectations placed on them, and to assess the consequences and implications of the female actions. The methodology elaborates a close reading and textual analysis of Austen's major works, including "Pride and Prejudice," "Emma," and "Sense and Sensibility." The study focuses on key female characters such as Elizabeth Bennet, Emma Woodhouse, and Elinor Dashwood, among others, examining their dialogue, monologues, letters, and interactions with other characters. Secondary sources, including feminist literary criticism and scholarly articles, will be consulted to provide a theoretical framework for the analysis.
The discussion section explores how Austen's female characters challenge societal expectations through witty dialogue, independent thought, and unconventional behavior. The study also delves into the implications of their actions, including the risks and limitations they face in pursuing their desires and asserting their agency within a patriarchal society. The findings of this research reveal that Austen's female characters employ various strategies to subvert societal expectations and assert their voices. Their wit, intelligence, and refusal to conform challenge patriarchal norms and offer alternative models of femininity. The portrayal of female friendship highlights the importance of supportive relationships in navigating oppressive social structures. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that Jane Austen's novels provide a platform for exploring the complexities of the female voice within a patriarchal society.

The research deals with the factor of shortening the negation in the sermons of the Husseini procession by investigating its pilgrimage effect as one of the most prominent tools of pilgrims employed in the sermons of the Hussein procession for the purpose of hitting the pivotal goal of pilgrims, which is persuasion in order to win over the recipient and influence him and then submit and submit, and this is what was observed in the sermons of the Hussein procession.

The heritage of any nation constitutes a precious cultural treasure. Because it represents a link between the past and present of nations; Through it the identity of peoples and nations is known and the scientific status of those nations is enhanced. Perhaps there is a peculiarity for the nation of Islam when its religion encourages reading, so it must pay great attention to classification and codification in all fields of science. When the scholars of the Nation of Islam contributed with creativity and production of the most wonderful precious things in the various fields of science; Which contributed to intellectual progress; Therefore, it has become necessary to advance this great cultural heritage in order to preserve and disseminate it, so that cultural communication continues with what the ancestors did by preserving that heritage. It reached us despite all the hardships, troubles and international coercion to pay. The investigation occupies a prominent position. Being a successful methodology that takes care of preserving the scientific and intellectual heritage; As the bulk of these sciences saw the light after they had been confined to their shelves in libraries for many years, it is in the reach of researchers and their students. It must be in a modern, correct, and perfect form, identical to the original work. In order to reach that desired goal, the rules and principles were established, and they were closest to the modern sciences of narration and knowledge. This shows the authenticity of science and its rootedness in the nation of Islam throughout the centuries and eras. It seems that the major role and precedence In laying the foundations for this science; Especially the hadith scholars, because narration and hadith require confirmation, control, and listening. Their first concern for knowledge is the student’s etiquette, its chains of transmission, and its narrators, and that the knowledge be perfect and restricted, then memorization, awareness, discrimination, and criticism of knowledge; To know what is correct from what is wrong, and to know what is abrogated and what is abrogated from sciences, comes jurisprudence in those sciences, then news and publication; Thus, a degree of awareness and sense of the science of investigation emerged among the Companions and followers, and thus the matter began to develop and become stronger, and features appeared among: (The century www.

The current research aims to find out (the effect of literary puzzles on the literary achievement of fifth-grade female students in the subject of literature and texts). To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: (There is no statistically significant difference between the average achievement scores of the female students of the experimental group who study using literary puzzles, and The average achievement score of the control group students who study in the usual way is at a significance level of (0.05).
The researcher chose only day preparatory schools affiliated with the Karbala Education Directorate (Central District) as a community for her research.
She chose Gaza Girls Preparatory School, which has three classes for the fifth literary grade, as a sample for the research.
To avoid bias in selecting the two research groups, the researcher randomly chose Section (A) to be the control group that will study literature and texts using the approved method, and Section (C), the experimental group that will study literature and texts using literary puzzles. The number of female students in both groups was (70) students.
Before starting the experiment, the researcher verified the equality of the two research groups in some variables, which are:
1- Female students’ grades in the final exam for the fourth literary grade., 2- Chronological age calculated in months, 3- Academic achievement of fathers, 3- Academic achievement of mothers.
The researcher determined the scientific material that the students of the two research groups would study during the experiment, and it included the topics to be taught and the exercises to be solved during the experiment in the first semester, and it included (6) topics from the book “Literature and Texts” for the fifth literary grade for the academic year 2021-2022.
The researcher prepared (14) teaching plans and (118) behavioral goals for a multiple-choice post-test consisting of 50 items.
The researcher used several statistical methods to process her research data, relying on the statistical package (SPSS).
In her research, the researcher found that the experimental group that studied using literary puzzles was superior to the control group that studied using the approved method.
At the end of the research, the researcher made several recommendations and proposed several proposals as a continuation and extension of her research.

ABSTRACT:
The results of the study showed some positive indicators that can be considered indicators These in dictators can help the urban development process in achieving its goals and improving the housing function, the highest percentage of the study sample indicated that they live in housing owned by them, as their percentage reached about (39%) of the study population, the study also showed that the highest percentage of housing in the study area consists of two floors by (70.5%), which contributes to accommodating the largest number of family members, as well as it reduces the city's horizontal urban expansion current, and that (78.5%) of the houses of the study area have a reinforced roof (sub-concrete) and most of them are built with brick walls by (82%) this increases the durability of the dwelling and reduces the impact of the aging of the dwelling and the deterioration of its urban condition, the results of the study also showed that the highest percentage of housing in the study area contains two bedrooms by (48.2%) and (33.8%) contains three bedrooms, while there are some indicators that are one of the obstacles to urban development and at the same time constitute a great motivation to address the problems of the housing sector in the study area, the percentage of those living in a rental housing reached about (20.4%), which requires the establishment of additional residential houses to meet the demand for housing in the study area, also, (55.8%) of the dwellings of the study area are more than (45) years old, this affects their urban condition in the future and a large part of them are not suitable for housing, the study also showed that there are dwellings overlooking dirt streets and others covered with space and a percentage of (17.7%) for the first and (23.5%) for the second, it is an indicator of the poor streets connected to residential areas, it also showed that the highest percentage of the study population has the desire to change the place of residence by (38.4%), this is due to economic and social motives related to both the population and the city, it is necessary to develop development plans and strategies aimed at improving and developing the housing sector, providing basic services to it and raising the degree of satisfaction of the population in it.

واعماق البحار, نتيجة عوامل مناخية طبيعية او بشرية, تناولت في بحثي هذا مفهوم الآثار الغارقة, وكيف عرّفت منظمة اليونسكو هذا التراث؟ وبعض خصائص المواقع الأثرية الغارقة, بالإضافة الى أنواع تلك المواقع, والأجهزة المستخدمة في الكشف عنها.
Summary:
The cultural and material heritage of the remnants of the sunken human civilization can be defined as a group of material, historical and scientific relics that settled in the riverbeds and the depths of the sea, as a result of natural or human climatic factors. In this research, I dealt with the concept of sunken antiquities, and how did UNESCO define this heritage? And some characteristics of sunken archaeological sites, in addition to the types of those sites, and the devices used to detect them.

Research Summary

The events of daily life carry with them pressures that deter a person when he constantly copes with various situations at work and dealings with people or problems for which he does not find appropriate solutions or the acceleration of life events and their requirements. It requires a higher degree of coping for the purpose of psychological harmony and he may fail in this difficult balance, even The happiest people face a lot of disappointment, conflicts, frustration, and different types of daily pressures, but only a few of them are the ones who face harsh circumstances.
Objective of the current study:
-Identifying the degree of psychological stress among students of the Department of Educational and Valuable Sciences / University of Karbala.
-Significance of statistical differences according to the gender variable (males – females).
The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the research population consists of the second, third, and fourth stages in the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences, and their number reached (273). The sample was selected using a random stratified method with a ratio of 30%, and the total number reached (75) male and female students.
After verifying the first objective, the researcher concluded that university students suffer from psychological stress, but there are no differences in stress between males and females.
The researcher recommended:
Finding solutions to these problems. One of these solutions is allocating a financial grant to students to cover the daily expenses that fall on the family. This may solve part of the problems of educational expenses, which in turn gives impetus to the student in academic progress and development of what the country offers.

Paying attention to the grammar of the Arabic language, its morphology, and everything surrounding its aesthetics is one of the utmost necessities of paying attention to the language of the dād. The study of morphological structure is considered a basis for understanding linguistic sciences, and for understanding language in terms of its structure, rhetoric, and methods. Therefore, the study of morphology is characterized by its difficulty, and hence the science of morphology did not receive the attention that its counterpart, the science of grammar, received from graduate students. The Arabic library is also rich in Arabic dictionaries that are concerned with interpreting the word and clarifying its linguistic meaning. As for the morphological structure of the word and its connotations, I think that it is poor in this aspect. This was the motivation for my study of the significance of the morphological structure of Hazem Rashk Al-Tamimi poetry

Abstraction:
Research entitled: (The structure of the poetry poem in the collection of Abu Al-Haytham Al-Ma’arri Abdul Wahid Ibn Abdullah Ibn Sulayman Al-Ma’arri, how was well known by (brother of Abi Al-Alaa Al-Ma’arri) (371-405 AH. An analytical study). It came to shed light on the poetic structure in a collection of a poet within the second Abbasid era, and to know the extent of his adherence to the old traditional templates, and his influence by the renewal that occurred in Arabic poetry in his era.
The research, in its four axes, dealt with everything related to the structure of the poem, as follows: The first axis: (: Introduction to the poem) and included: the flirtatious introduction, the lyrical introduction, and the introduction to the journey, the second axis: (good exiting), and the third axis: (purpose), Finally, the fourth axis (the conclusion).