Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

The experiment was concreted through the agriculture season in the winter 2012-2013 at agronomy Department field / University of Tikrit , to study the auxin IAA effect three concentrations (0,25,50) mg.Liter-1 and organic fertilization with three levels (0,3,6) tons.d-1 and the inter action between them in yield characters, substance in the two varieties of caraway (Carumcarvi L.) the treatments arranged with split split blocks in factorial experiment in (SSPD) with three replication. The results showed auxin effect had significant effect in all studied characters compared with control (without adding A0) .the treatment (A1) had superior values inflorescences number, weight 1000 seeds, days number from culturing till 75 % flowering , till the full maturity (97.68 inf.plant-1, 6.304 g ,155.1day , 197.278 day , , 337.05 kg.d-1) respectively While fertilization quantity had increase signify catty in most of the studied characters compared with controls the treatment G3 had higher value inflorescence number, 1000 seed weight, in days number from culturing till 75% flowering, till perfect maturating, seed yield total (96.82 inflo.plant-1, 6.712 g , 154.7day , 195.389 day, 345.97 kg.d-1) respectively. The variety effect the Egyptian variety (V1) had superiority compared with Iraqi variety (V2), in most studied characters, and gave highest values inflorescences numbers,1000 weight seed, the days numbers from culturing till 75% flowering, till full maturity, seed yield total (95.85 inflo.pla-1, 6.308 g , 155.8 day , 198.000 day , 339.68 kg.d -1) respectively. The interaction had superiority signification differences in all studied characters, the treatment (G3V1A3) gave highest values ( inflorescences number, 1000 seed weight, days numbers from culturing till 75% flowering, days numbers from culturing till full maturity, seeds yield total (103.23 inflo.plant-1, 7.087 g ,152.3 day, 192.333 day , 354.23 kg.d-1).

The experiment was conducted in greenhouse at the vegetable research farm of Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture/ University of Dohuk- Iraq, subsidy with the MCC-ZSVP organization, interior the plan of tomato crop production during the growing season of 2015-2016, to investigate the effects hybrids (Royal & Sandra) and humic acid (0, 0.4, 0.8 & 1.6) g.l-1 on growth and yield of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum, Mill.) grown under plastic house condition. Results showed that Royal hybrid had significant increase in some vegetative (leaves area cm2, plant high m and chlorophyll) and majority yield characters (No. of fruit f.plant-1, plant yield kg.plant-1, early yield and total yield t.ha-1), while Sandra hybrid had significant increase in (fruit weight g and total acidity%), there were no significant effect of hybrids on yield characteristic (vitamin c, TSS, N, P and K) % in fruit . Spraying tomato with humic acid concentration significantly increase vegetative growth like (leaves area cm2, plant high cm and chlorophyll %), and also humic acid increased quantitative and qualitative yield characters especially 0.8g.l-1 (No. of fruit f.plant-1, plant yield kg.plant-1, early yield t.ha-1, total yield t.ha-1, TSS% and N% in fruit), while 1.6g.l-1 of humic acid had higher increased K% in fruits, where as no significant differences occurred in (fruit weight g, vitamin C, total acidity % and P% in fruit).

Six genotypes from bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were used in this study with it's half alternated crosses to estimate the combining ability of studied traits, which were ( time to spike formation , plant height , no. of spike/plant ,flag leaf area, spike length , no. of grains in the spike, weight of 1000 grains, single plant yield, biological yield, harvest index and protein ratio. All seeds of parental varieties and it's half alternated crosses were sowed in season of (2012-2013) in fields of Agriculture college/ university of Tikrit, by RCBD design with three replicates. The results which showed as: An analysis of Griffing (1956b) showed differences between mean squares of General combining ability at 1% prob. Level for all the traits, except ratios of harvest index and protein ratio. The mean squares of specific combining ability were differed at 1% prob. Level for all the traits, except plant height trait which was significant at 5% prob. Level , and was non-significant for harvest index trait. The ratio between the variance of General combining ability components was less than one for all studied characters. The best parents which were desired as a significant in General combining ability was parent (2) for duration of spike formation , plant height ,no. of spikes per plant , flag leaf area , no. of grains in the spike , grain yield in the plant , biological yield and harvest index traits. The highest hybrids which were desired as significant were in the hybrid (1×6) as a specific combining ability for all studied traits.

This study was performed out on Oct 2013 at a hall designed to be in a similar circumstances as the natural conditions for the growth of cultivar barley. The aim of the study is to find out (the effect of plant breeding periods , seed amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and its interventions in the outgrowth and the quality of cultivar barley).This study was a breeding barley grain in the experimental units is the use of trays of galvanized iron in the dimensions 50×50 cm for each trays , the plant breeding periods are (7,9,11 days) the seeds amount are (4,5,6 kg/m2) the amount of added nitrogen fertilizer are (0,25,50 gm/m2). It used of random design (CRD) (Completely Randomized Design) by experiments system , in three replications , while the studied characters were (Fresh weight for seeding (gm/seeding) and tender weight for whole vegetative seeding (gm/seeding) and total dry weight of (gm/seeding) and total dry of whole vegetative seeding (gm/seeding) the total height of seeding (cm) the height of total vegetative (cm) total outgrowth (kg/m2) while the qualitative was described (The percentage of self-carbohydrate and and the percentage of crude , The percentage of protein and the percentage of ash percentage extract Alathera).The results of the study were as follows:
1.There is an increase in the influence of the three study factors , its interventions in a moral and positive studied characters.
2.Outperformed the treatment (11 days and 6 kg/m2 and 50 gm fertilizer/ m2) As it gave the highest percentage of protein in barley cultured seeding reached (13.23%).

Ten genotypes of maize were used in this study which were( ZP-341. ZP-434 Drachma , Farnce-44 , NKVitorino , Klips ,Corina, Ronaldino-200 ,Dkc-5684 ,Zp600).Entered in half –diallel cross program according to a method of griffing . the seeds of parents and crosses were grown in a randomized completely block design R.C.B.D with three replicate , to study the combining ability , gene action and some genetic parameters for the number of days to silking and tasseling , plant height , leaf area and leaf area index , rows number per ear , kernels number per raw , 100 kernels weight and grain yield per plant). Results of Statistically analysis indicated that there were highly significant differences among genotypes means for all studied character results of genetic analysis showed that (MSgca) and (MSsca) in diallel for reciprocal crosses were high significant for all studied characters . the ratio of the variance component for all characters except the number of days silking male and tasseling . the values of (σ2

A Field experiment was carried out in fields of the College of Agriculture and Forestry/ University of Mosul in Ninevah governorate ,The soil texture was silty clay , the aim of this study was Possibility of Utilizing grain Drill (GASPARDO SC-250) in Planting two type of different crops under three levels of speed sowing (4-5 and 7-8 and 10-11) km/h , two levels of sowing rates (15 and 20) kg/don. and two levels of crop type (chickpea and green bean) were used to study characteristics . The study indicated that the Possibility of Utilizing grain Drill (GASPARDO SC-250) in Planting two crops of chickpea and green bean after carrying out all field adjustment and laboratory of the grain drill and before beginning to sowing operation , the speed (4-5) km/h has proved surpassed significant and proved the highest results for the characteristics (percentage germination laboratory % , percentage germination field % , No. of seed /5m length and percentage of seed fall inter the perfect depth %) whereas has proved the lowest results for the following characteristics (percentage of seed damage % , losses from accredited sowing rate) to comparison with two speed (7-8 and 10-11) km/h respectively whereas has proved the sowing rate (20) kg/don. The best results in all the characteristics except were the percentage of seed damage % to comparison with sowing rate (15) kg/don. , while the different type of crops did not significant in all the characteristics except the percentage of seed damage % with green bean crop and has proved surpassed significant with chickpea crop and the highest percentage of seed damage , despite did not significant with interaction characteristics factors but was different results in all the studies characteristics. According to the above results the study found the possibility of using grain drill (GASPARDO SC-250) in the planting of chickpeas and beans, but after taking into consideration all laboratory and field arrangements of the grain drill and before starting the process of planting .

Half Diallel crosses performed according to Griffing method (1956) ,second method fixed model by using seven pure Lines of maize (Agr-183, ZM47W, CML494, IK58, ZP505, ZP670, ZP197), in the farm at the Tuz district / Salahaddin governorate in autumn 2014 season. Parents and their crosses in addition of check variety (Drachma) were grown at autumn of 2015 by using Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications for studying general and specific combining abilities, gene action and other genetic parameters. Studied traits were: (days to 50% male and female flowering(day) , plant height(cm) , leaf area of the main ear(cm2) , number of ears.plant-1, number of the rows.ear-1 , number of the grains.row-1, weight of 300 grains(gm) and single plant yield(gm). The genotypes ( parents and their hybrids and commercial cross )showed significant differences at 1% level probability for all studied traits except number ears.plant-1 of parents which was significant at 5% probability. Mean square of general combining ability was highly significant for all characters. The ratio of general to specific combining ability components to specific combining ability was less than one for all characters under study except days to 50% female flowering was greater than one. The parent (6) has a good general combiner for most character but the crosses (1×5) , (2×4) , (4× 6)were a good specific combiner for all character except the number of rows.ear-1 for hybrid (1×5) and the number of ears.plant-1 for hybrids (2×4), (4×6). Dominance gene action appeared more important than additive one in controlling the inheritance of all studied characters , and the heritability at broad sense was high for all the traits than heritability in narrow sense. Values of broad sense of heritability were medium for the traits : plant height, number of ears, number of the grains in the row, weight of 300 grains and single plant yield and a high of number of days to 50% male flowering and female flowering. The average degree of dominance exceeded one for all characters indicated the presence of over dominance except number of days to 50% female flowering was less than one which that means the presence of partial dominance .

The experiment was conducted in the Lath House, Department of Horticulture and Landscape / Collage of Agriculture / Kirkuk Uuniversity / Chorao from October / 2015 to May / 2016 aim to studying the effect of spraying two concentrations of Benzyladenine (BA) (0، 50 mg.L.-1 ( on some characteristics of Two Tulip cultivars
( Fusarino and Apeldoorn ). The results shows that :
Benzyladenine treatment caused an increase in plant height (16.92 cm), leaves chlorophyll content (67.26 mg / 100 g wet weight) and flower stalk diameter (0.71 cm). Cultivars varied among them in the studied traits, Apeldoorn cultivar dominant significantly in plant height and leaves chlorophyll content, while Fusarino cultivar gave a highest bulbs diameter and bulbs wet weight. Interaction between spray Benzyladenine and Apeldoorn cultivar treatment gave a highest plant height (18.78 cm) and diameter of flower stalk (0.72 cm) , while Interaction between spray Benzyladenine and Fusarino cultivar gave highest flower diameter (8.02) cm and bulbs wet weight and diameter (14.67 g, 3.05 cm, respectively).

The experiment was conducted through the season 2015 in private orchard in Samarra/ Salah aldin Governorate to know Disper Bloom GS spraying effect on grape vine with concentration (0, 2, 4 gm. L-1) and Growth regulator KT-30 spraying effect on some plants with concentration (0.00, 0.25, 0.50 ml-1). in vegetative growth of grape vine Halawni & Bald Black Verities. The results showed :
Halawni had superiority in leave area, branch, vine, cluster area reached succiffement while Bald black had superiority nitrogen percent in petiole, phosphorous percent but not significant level. The third concentration Of nutrient vegetative characters . K3 had superiority in leave area, vine area, cluster area and petiole percent of nitrogen and potassium. while the second concentration K2 (0.25 ml. l-1) had superiority in branch leaves area, phosphorous percent in petioles reached. ama on bilateral interaction and triple overlap there were significant differences as a result of these interaction .

This study was carried out in the plastic house of collage of agriculture-university of Kirkuk during growth season 2015/2016, tow type of cutting was elected (woody, lush) from pear tree on old 5-6 years, the base of cutting immersed in four concentration of naphthalene acetic acid (0,500,1000,1500)mg.L-1for one minute. A factorial experiment with three replications was carried out using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with five seedling for each unit. The results showed that the wood cutting significantly increase on lush cutting in all the studded characteristics except rooted cutting ratio and seedling diameter. The 1000mg.L-1 treatment of NAA in all the studded characteristics. The be-interaction of studded factors showed that wood cutting and 1000mg.L-1 of NAA in shoot root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, seedling length, leaf number, chlorophyll, leaf area of seedlings significantly on other treatments .

This experiment was conducted in order to assessment of body measurement for carcasses of broiler exposure to Lactobacilli bacteria at the age of 1 , 21 days . A total of 90 broiler chicks of ross strain one day old were used and distributed to three treatments , 30 chicks for each treatment , the chicks of each treatment were divided in to two replicates(15chicks for each replicate).The treatments were as follows : (T1)group of chicks treated with Lactobacillus bacteria at 1day (T2)group of chicks treated with Lactobacillus bacteria at 21 day (T3)control group . The chicks were treated with bacteria by oral , the decided doze was counted on the basis of saving no less than 106 colony forming units(CFU) of Lactobacilli bacteria for each chick . Results revealed the following :- The microbial exposure results to lactobacilli bacteria (T1,T2) indicated a significant (P<0.05) improvement in the circumambient of breast , flier repletion of body , long of sternum , body depth at medium and end of sternum and meat weight of main cuts , also improve in body length , circumambient of thigh , flier repletion of breast , long of bones , body depth beginning of sternum and meat yield for main cuts of broiler carcass compared with control group (T3) . No significant effect of microbial exposure observed in relative weight of meat , bon and percentage meat : bon for main cuts of broiler carcass reard to old 32 days compared with control treatment (T3) .

The current study was carried out in the veterinary hospital of Medicine from (the period 2nd March until 15th July). 200 spcimen were taken from chicken various places in Kirkuk city. The chicken age varied from (3 month-12month). Histological study showed the absence of any changes occurred in the mouth lining, pharynx, esophagus and stomach
of infected birds while histological changes was observed in the intestine villi in abnormal shapes, They appeared to be disconnected with alternating in its original appearance, It was found that cecae and the small Intestine of some infective chicken was suffering from infection to the epithelial layer followed by a high level of infiltration to the inflammatory cells and occurrence of relapse in the muscular fiber bindles.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fenugreek seeds on milk yield and its contents and some blood biochemical parameters . Sixteen Awassi ewes were divided into four groups according to cross over design and fed on four rations contained different levels of fenugreek seeds (0, 3 , 6 and 9%) . Each experimental period lasted for 14 day , and milk yield was recorded on day 13 and 14 . Blood samples was taken at the end of each period . to determine the concentration of glucose , total protein , albumin triglycerides , cholesterol and urea .
The results indicated that the fenugreek seeds has no effect on daily milk yield . A significant decrease in milk fat ratio and daily fat yield (P<0.01) was detected in groups fed on rations containing fenugreek seeds . Moreover , significant (P<0.05) decrease milk protein% was noted in group fed on ration contained 3% fenugreek seeds . Milk lactose and total solid not fat ratio did not effected by fenugreek seeds . However, blood glucose , cholesterol , triglycerides and albumin were significantly affected by fenugreek seeds , while protein and urea concentration did not effected by fenugreek seeds.

The experiment was conducted at the poultry farm , Department of Animal production , College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit the period between 8 / 4 / 2014 and 12 / 5 / 2014 . The study was aimed at investigating the effect of using various levels of Dried Distillers Grains and supplementing with the Iraqi probiotic together with performing a fermentation treatment of a ratio one water/one diet for 24 hours at 35° c . 1125 broiler chicks ( Ross 308) at one day age were randomly assigned to 15 treatments . Each treatments includes three replicates and each replicates consists of 25 chicks ( 75 chicks for each treatment ) .The treatments used were as follows:
Treatment 1 : The control , no supplement ( the negative control ) .Treatment 2 : The control + Iraqi probiotic ( the first positive control ) .Treatment 3 : The control + Iraqi probiotic + Fermentation ( the second positive control ) . Treatment 4 : DDG 5 % . Treatment 5 : DDG 5 % + Iraqi probiotic . Treatment 6 : DDG 5 % + Iraqi probiotic + Fermentation . Treatment 7 : DDG 10 % . Treatment 8 : DDG 10 % + Iraqi probiotic .Treatment 9 : DDG 10 % + Iraqi prbiotic + Fermentation . Treatment 10 : DDG 15 % . Treatment 11 : DDG 15 % + Iraqi probiotic . Treatment 12 : DDG 15 % + Iraqi probiotic + Fermentation . Treatment 13 : DDG 20 % . Treatment 14 : DDG 20 % + Iraqi probiotic . Treatment 15 : DDG 20 % + Iraqi probiotic + Fermentation .
The chicks were feed on diets having similar amounts of energy and crude protein percentages according to ( Ross 308 rearing Guide ) . The diet were supplemented in a ground form where as the water was available freely at all times . the lighting and management schedules were arranged according the standard procedures presented in the guide .The broiler rearing period was 35 days .
The results obtained a non significant differences between T7 and both T1 and T2 . Besides a non significant differences between T11 and the first control regarding , BW, ADG , FI , FCE , Fermentation process have showed a significant increase ( p < 0.05 ) of Lactic Acid Bacterial Count ,where as the E-Coli Bacterial count was found to be significant with the exception of some of those treatments containing DDG when compared with the control treatment . Treatment 15 recorded significantly ( p < 0.05 ) a higher ville height to crypt depth percentage over all other treatments excluding treatments 4,5,6,7 and 14 . Treatment 6 showed the higher follicle diameter of fabricia gland when compared with all other treatments .

The study was conducted in the animal field for the College of Agriculture Tikrit University for the period from 01/03/2014 until 06/03/2014 .Used in the experiment ranged from 16 Awassi lambs age them between 3-4 months and the rate of initial weight was 23.85 kg, distributed in the diets of transmitting a distilled corn with Soluble (DDGS) alternative for SBM in feed center rates 0,.4,.6 and 10% in to four treatments for the first treatments (control) and the second third and fourth respectively, with fed lambs rate of 3.3% by life weight by concentrate and straw wheat free for consumption. We have no significant effect does not appear to replace DDGS instead of soybeans, according to percentages in the productive performance of initial and final weight and average daily gain ,total gain ,and feed intake and feed conversion ratio and this represent there is possible to replacing (SBM) by (DDGS) . As there was no significant effect of factors studied in blood characteristics (hemoglobin and packed cells volume and red blood cells), while the control treatment significantly in the number of white blood cells.

The study included the test of protective role of L-carnitine in reduce the side effects which happened by using Benz(a(anthracene as carcinogenic material by injected male rabbits , and dividing the animals into 4 groups which included :
( C ) control group fed with normal diet only , group( G1 ) treated with 200 mg / kg of L-carnitine daily , group ( G2 ) injected with (5 mg / kg ) of carcinogenic material only , group( G3 ) injected with (5mg /kg) with Benz(a)anthracene and treated with 200 mg / kg of L-carnitine daily. The results showed the effective role of L-carnitine in decreasing the side effects of Benz(a)anthracene the results recorded malondialdehyde concentration (MDA) in 4th group C : (1.016±0.212) G1: (1.296±0.251), G2: (2.754±0.493 ) G3: (1.444±0.324) respectively , the results showed increase significant in (MDA) compared with the control and decrease in levels (MDA) with group treatment carnitine and the results Peroxy nitrite (ONOO) recorded in 4th group C : (43.140±7.478) G1: (42.440±8.353) G2: (62.080±7.817) G3: (49.840±1.117) respectively the results showed increase significant in (MDA) compared with the control and decrease in levels (MDA) with group treatment carnitine , in addition to the testosterone hormone The results showed in 4th group C: (4.32±1.306) G1 : (4.66±0.646) G2 : (2.440±0.433) G3:
( 3.50±0.393) respectively the results showed decrease significant in (MDA) compared with the control and increase in levels (MDA) with group treatment carnitine , The histological sections revealed clearly side effects caused by use Benz(a)anthracene campared with control and which treated L-carnitine This indicate of L-carnitine have aprotective role to decrease the side effects.

Field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of regular and deficit irrigation on the growth and corn yield in a gypsifereous soil. at the experimental station of soil and water resources department, college of Agriculture, Tikrit university. located at 34°40 49 and 43° 38 40 longitude and 129m above sea level. The experiment was conducted with a split plot design. The main plots consist of three irrigation levels I1,I2 and I3(irrigation after 25, 50 and 75% after the available water depletion respectively). While sub plots consist of deficit irrigation treatment d0,d1, d2,d3,d3 and d4 (omitting two irrigations at (seedling , vegetative growth , flowering and grain maturity plant growth stages respectively. Corn seeds variety :Cadz were planted on 20/7/2013 for fall season and harvested at the end of growing season on 15/11/2013 highest of leaf area, dry mater, grain yield with (I1 d0) treatment was 581.33 cm2.plant , 6936.0 kg.ha-1 ,7166.70 kg.ha-1. consumptive water for (di) between 554.2 – 611.6 mm.. The highest dry mater of root 5425.41.0 kg.ha-1 with (I3 d2) treatment.

For the purpose of studying the Aspect of slope on physical and chemical characteristics of the calcareous soils in the province of Kirkuk , was chosen two representatives of the study area relent (2Hills) separate are just a apart a distance of 500 meters , and the degree of decline (25 %) of the southern facade and ( 40 %) of the northern facade Site first , for the site the second degree slope (35 %) of the southern facade and ( 40 %) of the northern façade, And within the administrative boundaries of the city of Kirkuk / C Kanyan area, which lies 25 km to the north of the city of Kirkuk and under Coordinates 44⁰ 22 '24.6 "E and N 35⁰ 33' 27.6" of the site first, and coordinates 35⁰ 33'25 "N and 44⁰ 22 '22.5" E site II, and included research in two phases, the first fieldwork phase which included the identification and selection of study sites and dig pidons in facades northern and southern slope, and obtaining soil samples and record information field, as it has been chosen (8) pidons by (4) pidons each pidons (2) in the center (Pack slope) and two (2) at the base (Foot slope) and both North and South façades, described selected pidons morphology and by fundamentalisms used and contained in the soil survey guide (soil survey Staff 2006) , The second phase of the laboratory phase of work , which included the preparation and the creation of soil samples for the purpose of conducting laboratory analysis of physical and chemical .

The stud aim to determination the phosphate fertilizers requirements for corn under condition of two gypsiferous soil using adsorption isotherm curves which correspond phosphorus concentration (0.00 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.90 µg p. cm-3) in soil solution. Field experiment was conducted at two gypsiferous soils with gypsum content (5% and 15%) the study included two system tillage minimum tillage and conventional tillage and two types of phosphate fertilizers TSP and DAP. , five levels of phosphorous fertilizers were; 0, 180, 260, 340, 420 kg/ha-1 for soil with 5% gypsum and 0, 280, 360, 420, 520 kg/ha-1 for soil 15% gypsum These amounts equal to the suggested phosphorous levels of soil solution. Results indicated that addition of phosphate fertilizers significantly increased the dry matter yield and The highest dry matter yield was with level of 420, kg/ha-1 in the two gypsiferous soils. The highest value conc and uptake of N, P,K was with phosphate fertilizer level (340 and 420 kg/ha-1) in at soil 5% and 15% gypsum respectively, which corresponding to phosphorous concentration of 0.60 µg p. cm-3 . The results showed that the minimum tillage (MT) was higher than conventional tillage (CT) in dry matter yield and conc. Of N,P,K at soil 5% gypsum while there was no effect in general at soil 15% gypsum.

The Results showed the ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas SP., Micrococcus luteus and Proteus vulgaris degradation of oil residues in liquid medium in each alone or interacted. results showed high ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens to degradation of oil residues which was 93%, as well as the results showed high ability of synergistic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas SP., to degradation oil residues in liquid medium which reached 86%.while showed synergistic bacteria Proteus vulgaris and Micrococcus luteus less ability to decomposition oil residues which reached 54%.the conducted study depend on Gas -Chromatography and infrared spectrum as good of scientific indicator.

This experiment was conducted in plastic pots at autman 2015-2016 in order to study the effect of inoculation by Trichoderma harzianum ,Azosperillum brasilense,and Pseudomonas fluorescens and the double and triple interactions of them on indicators of growth ,content of nuterial elements,and plant hormones (IAA,GA3) of Zea mays plant which cultivated in soil of Ankawa area in Erbil ,The three isolations was cultivated and confirmed by biochemical tests .then the three isolations examanted for their capility on produce IAA.The results showed that the isolation of T.h was excelled in ability of produce IAA ,the concentrations of IAA produced by Trichoderma harzianum was (0.028mg/ml.After passed 45 days on germination ,the samples of plant were taken , The results showed that the highest concentration of IAA and GA3 were recorded at triple inoculation treatment (plant inoculated with A.b+P.f+T.h ) which reached (48.16 ,582) µg/ml of IAA and GA3 respectively.while in conrol treatment (without inoculation) were (25.38,422)µg/ml,Also the results showed that the single,double,and triple inoculation treatments caused significant increase in concentration of chlorophyll which was reached (3.295mg/g f.w) in triple inoculation treatment..while at the control treatment was 1.486 mg/g f.w., The highest concentration of nitrogen were recorded at triple inoculation treatment A.b+P.f+T.h which given 3.916%, ,and caused significant increase compared with control treatment which was given the lowest nitrogen concentration reached 2.943%, Also ,the results confirmed that triple and double inoculation caused signficant increase in phosphor concentrations which were (31.06, 32.03,33.01,46.60)% for treatments A.b+P.f , A.b+T.h , P.f+T.h , A.b+P.f+T.h respectively.

A study of the chemical composition of whole rice bran, and defatted rice bran for Iraqi rice class Mchkab -2, which was obtained from Al-Ameer mill, in the province of Najaf, showed that the moisture, fat, ash, carbohydrates and protein was, 8.6%, 18.9%, 6.5%, 52.8% and 13.2%, respectively for full bran, and 9.3%, 1.5%, 9.2%, 62.9% and 17.1% respectively for the defatted bran. The results of this study showed that the best conditions in the preparation of protein extract from defatted rice bran, were by extraction with distilled water after equalized pH to 9 with ratio bran: water of 1:6 (w:v) for 60 min, at agitation speed of 600 rpm/min. At these conditions protein percentage were 53%. This study revealed that of solubility, emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of the protein extracted from the defatted rice bran, were highest at pH 9, compared with other values of pH with the values of 68.92% , 0.179 and 45.13 min, respectively, while the lowest was at pH 4 with the values of 11.20% ,0.055 and 12.76 min, respectively.

The study was conducted on three local varieties of mature olive (Ashrasy, Bashiqy and Dugel) in November , In the end of growing season, some physical and chemical properties of fruitage was determined then the simple linear regression equation and R2 value to find kind of relations or mathematical equations, for prediction of bitter's afford phenolic compound content by dependence of some olive fruitage's components, it was reached that it's possible to dependence on R2 value of phenolic compound with oil ratio relations in Ashrasy var., while in Bashiqy var. It's possible to dependence on R2 value of phenolic compound with size, solidification, carotene and oil ratio, while in Dugel var. it's possible to dependence on R2 value of phenolic compound with solidification and oil ratio .

this study was aimed to know the effect of Bifidobacterium longum on some pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus . Salmoella typhi , Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, These pathogenic bacteria were added to the milk as alone .the milk was inoculated by Bifidobacterium longum . then the flasks were incubated at 37 C for seven days . Bacteriological and chemical test were performed on all flask every day ( 24 hours ) . Total count for pathogenic bacteria . acidity and pH were measured and ratio of decreasing of pathogenic bacteria was calculated during incubation period until seventh day of incubation . Control samples for each one of pathogenic bacteria without B. longum . The results were shown that the higher ratio of decreasing was E. coli which reached 98.85 % compared with control sample which reached with 38.31% at the end of the incubation period. The higher acidity was reached 1.11% as lactic acid in the same incubation period. but the other pathogenic bacteria : Staph. aureus , Samonella typhi , and klebsiella pneumoniae. , were shown 93.83 % . 93.55% . 92.49 % respectively .

Mono and di acylglycerols MDAG has been producing from caw buttermilk, some of the emulsification characteristics has been studied, then the laboratory cake was produced by eggs' yolk completely or partially replaced with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3% of the MDAG and lecithin as emulsifying agents, cholesterol and some physical and sensory characteristics of produced cake was estimated , and some sensory characteristics was estimated before and after storage to study staling. the totally and partially replacement of yolk with MDAG and lecithin shows some improvement in the physical and sensory characteristics has given in addition to giving him a good admissibility by residents, especially in the low rates of addition. Add to that the addition of MDAG had given an edge in the ability of storage within the conditions of the experiment.

The study aimed to evaluate inhibitory effectiveness of alcoholic and aquecus extracts of myrtus communis leaves and Potontials tomentilla roots on growth of some clinically important bacterial species that causing diarrhea. The results study showed that these extracts an impact is effective in inhibiting the growth of bacterial species used in the study outside the body . the results showed that 100 mg/ ml concentration of aqueous extract of myrtus communis leaves and the same concentration of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Potontials tomentilla roots has more inhibitory effect on growth of Proteus vulgaris where inhibition diameters reached (28,24,26) mm respectively . as for antibiotic effect 5mg/ ml of Ciproflxacin overcome all concentration of extracts of both plant in the inhibition of bacterial species growth used in the study .

This study was designed to in vestigate the protective role of Nigella oil about oxidative stress which sportsmen were exposed for it .(33)soccer (18-23) in age divided to three groups (11 player for each one ), these groups are : control group ,Nigella oil group (10 ml/player), vit.E group (400IU/player).the resulted form exercise training (soccer) caused a significant in crease in the levels of glucose and cholesterol and a significant decrease in glutathione level , while non-significant variations in the levels of MDA and TG for control group after stress ( after exercise training) . Giving the Nigella oil for sportsmen showed a significant decrease in the level of glutathione and non-significant decrease in the level of cholesterol there were no significant variation in the levels of glucose ,MDA and TG. The treatment of vit .E showed similar results to that Nigella oil expect a significant decrease in glucose level and non-significant variation in the level of glutathione when compared with control group after stress.

Maize is considered as one of the most important nutritional and industrial crop in many worlds' regions. That is because it is a main nutritional source that provides the animal breeding projects with the essential forage material. This study aimed to estimate maize supply response for the period 1980-2014 using cointegartion and error correction model. To accomplish this aim, the main factors influencing maize supply response were determined. These included maize price, competing crop (sunflower) price, total production and irrigation water. To avoid spurious regression problem, time series of the model variables were analyzed using augmented Dicky Fuller (ADF). The result of this test revealed that the time series were non-stationary at their levels, stationary at their first differences and they were all cointegrated except the production risk which was stationary at level. To estimate the effect of short and long run determinants on the maize-cultivated area (MCA), vector error correction model (VECM) was used. The result showed the significant of maize price, sunflower price, total production and irrigation water. These variables represented about 74% of the change in MCA in Iraq. According to the results of VECM, MCA is corrected from disequilibrium in every previous period by -0.4798 toward its equilibrium value. The speed of adjusting takes 2 years after the shock in the model which results from the change in one of the explanatory variables. Estimated elasticities indicated that price elasticities of maize in relation to its price were 0.43164 and 0.727890 in the short and long run respectively; whereas cross elasticities for maize were -0.34201 and -0.770213 in the short and long run respectively. Maize supply elasticities in relation to the irrigation water were 0.518443 in the short run and 0.858810 in the long run. As the elasticities values were less than one, the supply of this crop could be described as inelastic.

This research aims at identifying the role of farmers in the process of adaptation, circulation, transference and adopting the agricultural techniques in Al-Shirqat and determining their role in each of the following processes (adapting the techniques, circulating the techniques, transferring the techniques and adopting the techniques) as well as finding the correlation between their role in that processes and each of the variables (age, the level of education, the number of years in practicing farm work). As well as identifying the suggestions of the researched people about developing the process of adaptation, circulation, transference and adopting the agricultural techniques. The study includes all the farmers in Al-Shirqat the right river side registered in directorate of agriculture (280) farmers. After removing sample (30) researched, we took a simple random sample (%50) after that they were (125) researched. Data were collected by a questionnaire form done especially to identify the role of farmers in adaptation, circulation, transference and adopting the agricultural techniques. The first part includes data concerned with farming while the second part includes a scale for measuring the role of farmers in that operation consisted of (40) experimental phrase. The third part consisted of suggestions of the researched about adaptation, circulation, transference and adopting the agricultural techniques from their perspective. The outward and the content truthfulness were assured and the steadiness counted by half part way and the steadiness coefficient was (0,86). After classifying data, a number of statistic means were used of which (the simple relational coefficient for Berson and rank relation coefficient for sperman and the criterion deviation and the intermediate arithmetic). Results showed that the role of farmers was big and very big in (18) phrases and they also showed that the role of farmers in adaptation was big and very big in (7) phrases and in circulation was big and very big in (4) phrases and in transference was big and very big in (3) phrases and in adoption was big and very big in (4) phrases. Results also showed that farmers have no role in (22) phrases and they have a simple or zero role which takes the third and fourth rank. The results also showed that there is a concrete relationship with the studied variables and they finally revealed that the lead suggestions are (supplying the agricultural techniques in subsidiary prices and under the supervision of agricultural guiders and researchers and also the suggestion of forming research teams from agricultural guiders and researchers and employees of agricultural services to follow adaptation, circulation, transference and adopting the agricultural techniques and do the experiments in the fields under the presence of farmers). Depending on these results, some conclusions have been made and some recommendations have been suggested.

The acreage and the production of wheat in Iraq were studied during the period(1993-2013) by applying nerlove and koyck models, the acreage was considered as dependent variable while the explanatory variables are the expected price, the price lagged one year, the acreage lagged one year, the productivity lagged one year, the price risk, the productivity risk, the dummy variable and time, many mathematical models were applied, the linear, logarithmic,Semi – log, and inv- semi-log model, the logarithmic function was chosen as the best according to statistical and economical crieteris, and economical the statistical results showed that the expected price, the price lagged, the acreage, the productivity lagged and dummy variable had positive significant effect on the – acreage of this crop, on addition the results showed that the farmers and the ability to bear the price risk and no ability to beax the productivity risk- and the dummy variable showed that the acreage of this crop had expanded during the period of economic blockade the Nerlovian coefficient mounted to (0.96) and the price elasticity for short and long run were mounted to (1.83), (1.906) respectively, the results of Koych model showed that the short runm and long elasticities monted to (0.062) (5.153)Respectively, in order to expand the acreage of this crop, it was recommended to raise the price of purchase to the limit of its national price and to use the high-yield in varieties of this crop, and to facilate the marketing process by establish. New hermitage and to insurance companies to minimize the risk of production during the season of drought.

This study conducted to know the susceptibility of three genotypes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Gab3, Spinal and Morocco (Marrakesh) to Helicoverpa peltigera Denis& Schiffermuller, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under field conditions in Nineveh covernerate, the results showed that there were significant differences among the means percentage of plant infestion which was 89.66% for Spinal genotype in the first week of May, and 48.18% for Gab 3 genotype in the fourth week of May, and also the results showed thatا Spinal genotype was more susceptible which reached the highest total mean of plant infestion 76.42% while the lowest total mean reached 61.45% in Gab 3 genotype, and the sampling date has significant differences was the means percentage of plant infestion which was77.16% in the third week among of May and the lowest total mean 61.33% in the second week. There were significant among between the means percentage of pod damage which was 40.91% in Morocco genotype in the second week of May, while reach 14.12% in Gab 3genotype in the last week of May, and the genotype of chickpea has significant effects in total percentage means of pod damage which was 32.30% in Morocco genotype and 24.22% in Gab 3 genotype, and the sampling date has significant effects among the total means percentage of pod damage which was 31.08% in the first week of May but the lowest total mean was 24.26% in last week of the sampling. Also the results showed that there were significant effects among the means of pod weight , and seed weight, volume and pod husk thickness according to the chickpea genotype, the highest mean of pod weight , and size were 1.603gm and 3.35cm3 respectively for Morocco genotype while the lowest means of pod weight , and size were 0.786gm and 1.200cm3 respectively for Spinal genotype, also the highest mean of seed weight and size were, was 1.376gm and 1.00cm3 for Morocco genotype , while lowest means of seed weight , was 0.624gm and 0.66cm3 for Gab 3 genotype , the highest mean of pod husk thickness were 0.316mm. for Gab3 genotype while lowest means of pod husk thickness was 0.160mm. for Morocco genotype. Also the results showed that there were significant differences among the means of nitrogen percentages of chickpea genotypes which was 40.69% for Gab 3 genotype while it was 15.06% for Spinal genotype, but there were no significant differences among the means of phosphor and potassium percentage of chickpea genotypes.

The results of isolation of fungi associated with infected wheat plants in rot disease from four regions in Salah Aldin governorate (Til-Qsiaba , Mukiashefa , Bajy and Sammara) showed six genuses of fungi, Fusarium spp. was the most frequent fungus resulting in55.17 % followed by Rhizoctonia spp. (42.82%). The field experiment using sham -6 studied the vegetative parameters including plant length, dry weight and chlorophyll content, minimum values of these parametrs recorded with ( F.graminearum and Rhizoctonia spp) were 26.1cm , 1.003 g and 4.7 SPAD,respectively, this parameters were increased to higher values in present of both biocontrol agent T. harzianum and A.brasilense, resulting in 36.93,2,59g and 19.57 SPAD, respectively. The highest infection percentage and infection severity in present of both pathogens ( F.graminearum and Rhizoctonia spp) were 73.8 and 70.7%, respectively, while minimum reduction in infection percentage and infection severity were (44 and 43.9%) and (34.2 and 35.3%) in treatments of ( T. harzianum + A.brasilense with the both pathogens) and vitavax (1.2 g/lit. carboxcin 37.5% and thiram 37.5%) with the both pathogens.The results of resistance induction showed that PAL and peroxidase activities in present of both biocontrol agents superior on vitavax and control treatment. The treatment of ( F.graminearum and Rhizoctonia spp) proved it sever pathogenicity through the completely reduction in wheat yield (sham-6) in all yield parameters including grains number and grain weight . plant-1 ,in addition to the biological control in treatment of ( T. harzianum + A.brasilense with the both pathogens) proved it efficiency in yield production resulting in 25.77g , 2.05 g and 25.09g of these parameters, respectively compared to 25.55g,2.14g and 26.49g, respectively, in preset of vitavax, without significant differences between them.