Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of panadol extra drug in induction of lesions on the liver tissues of male albino mice. Experiment was done in the laboratories of the state company for drugs industry and medical applications, Samarra-Iraq (SDI), and continued from march (2015) to July (2015), thirty male mice with age (8-10) weeks and (23-27) gm of weight were distributed into six groups, each group included five male mice.
The result showed high significant increase (P < 0.01) in the liver weight of animals treated with panadol extra drug compared with control group.
Microscopic examination showed a histological lesions present in the liver of treated groups represented by necrosis, degeneration and disorganization of the hepatocytes columns towards the central vein, wall thickening of central veins and hepatic arteries with congestion, bile duct surrounded by fibers and infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils compared with control group

Nine genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): (Intesar , Sham 6 , Tamoz2, IPA99 , 1-11 , 1-25 , 1-3 , AL- Iraq and AL- Rasheed) and half diallel crosses gained with according the second method proposed by Griffing (1956), Were used to study .Genotypes (9 parents +36 single cross) were planted at Balad Ruz – Diyala province, in the winter season (2014-2015) using the design of randomized complete sectors in three replications to study the genetic behavior for characters, (plant height (cm), leaf area / plant (dcm) , the number of effective tillers per plant , number of grains spike , 1000-grain weight (g ) , Grain yield per plant (g) , winning efficiency (g / dcm), and Biological yield (g)), it was the estimation of Inbreeding depression and general and specific combining abilities and Broad sense heritability and Narrow sense heritability and Expected genetic advance and Expected genetic advance% and Average degree of dominance . for the above characters . the results can be summarized as follows : All parents and F2 showed significant difference for all characters at 1% level. The ratio general combining ability to specific combining ability component were less than one for all characters. The parent Tamoz2 superior appeared in leaf area / plant (dcm) , the number of effective tillers per plant , Grain yield per plant (g), and Biological yield (g) and hybrid (Intesar × IPA99) in the number of effective tillers per plant , and Biological yield (g) and hybrid (IPA99×1-25) in Grain yield per plant (g),and 1000-grain weight (g)and hybrid (Intesar × AL-Iraq) in leaf area / plant (dcm). The hybrids (Intesar × Tamoz2 ), (AL- Iraq × AL-Rashed), (IPA99× AL-Rashed), (IPA99× AL- Iraq ) ,( 1-25×1-3) showed significant Inbreeding depression words of desirable at level 1% and 5% for the some of the characters. The parent Intesar showed general combining ability for most studied characters and hybrids (Intesar × 1-25), (Intesar × AL-Rashed ), (Sham6 × IPA99), (IPA99× 1-11), (IPA99× 1-25), (IPA99× AL-Rashed ), (1-3× AL- Iraq) specific combining ability for most studied characters. Average degree of dominance values (ā) were more than one For all studied. The broad sense heritability values were high (more than 50%) for all character. The narrow sense heritability values was low in all character except qualities of leaf area per plant , the number of effective tillers and Grain yield per plant were medium, Expected genetic advance values % were medium for , leaf area / plant , and Grain yield per plant , but low for race characters.

The Study have been done to know the most common causative agents which cause bovine mastitis in Salah Eldin City during the period from 1/1/2013 to13/12/2013.
Diagnosis of the cases have been done for 200Milk samples from Clinical and Sub Clinical Mastitis cattle .by using California mastitis test (CMT) ,enzyme–Linked Immune sorbent assay, culture media ,biochemical test and the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria was done to determine its susceptibility.
A total of 200 cows were included in this study and out of these, 80 (40%) were found to be reactive by California mastitis test (CMT). Bacteriological analysis of milk samples collected simultaneously yielded positive result in 70(35%) of the samples, virological analysis of milk samples yielded positive result in 45 (22.5%), Fungi analysis of milk samples yielded positive result in 6(4.3) and finally Parasite detected in 4(2.9) .Bacteriological analysis carried out at the quarter level showed that obtain to 250 pathogens agents were positive for various bacteria , Viruses ,fungi and parasit. The predominant bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus species (47.11%), Streptococcus species (31.40%) and coli forms (9.92%). Other bacterial, fungi and parasite species were isolated at lower rates. The predominant virus were Bovine herpesvirus1and Bovine herpesvirus 4 while Food and Mouth Disease virus was lower rate. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that most of the isolates in the study area were found to be highly sensitive to cloxacillin, gentamycin and amoxicillin, and moderately sensitive to oxytetracycline. Nevertheless, Streptococcus ,Staphylococcus and coli forms species isolated were resistant to penicillin.

The antibacterial effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Zea mays L and Urtica dioica L, was investigated on bacteria were obtaind from human Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) from Hawlery Ferkary Hospital in Erbil City- Iraq. ,by using the well diffusion technique .A total of 120 isolates bacterial isolates were from 180 UTI patient, isolates were identified as E.coli, Staph. albus, Staph .capitis, Staph epidermidis , Staph. aureus, Pseudo luteola, Pseudo.aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, Morganella.Morganii, K. Pneumonia, K. oxytoca, Micrococcus and Citrobacter freundii following different morphological , physiological and biochemical test. Antibiotic sensitivity of17 commerical antibiotic discs AK, AMC, AMP, AT, ATM, AZM, CAZ, CD, CEP, CFM , CIP, COT, CRO, GM, IPM, MEM and NA was screened by disc diffusion assay , It was observed that the extracts of both plant had an inhibitory effect on the bacteria under study , except Pseudo luteola to extracts of Zea mays L and Pseudo luteola, K. Pneumonia and K. oxytoca to extracts of urtica dioica L. The inhibitory concentration of Zea mays L. extracts was 75% and 100% and urtica dioica L extracts was 50%, 75% and 100%. The antibacterial activity of extracts of U.dioica showed the best action as inhibitor against test bacteria than the extracts of zea mays. The result showed that there is an antibacterial activity of alcoholic extract of U.dioica higher sensitivity when compared with standard antibiotics.

In this investigation stripped off epidermis and anatomy of leaf and stem of four wild plant species ( Lepaleum filifolium (Willd) DC.; Malcolmia africana (L.) ; Matthiola longipetala (Vent) DC. and Neotorularia torulosa (Desf) ) from Hesperideae and Matthioleae
( Brassicaceae) were studied . N. torulosa was reported here for the first time from Iraq and its characters were compared with that of other species studied . The study revealed the significance of trichomes ; stomata and internal structure of leaves and stems in separating between species investigated .

This experiment was carried out in the Nursery of Agriculture college / University of Duhok / Kurdistan region/Iraq during growing seasons 2012-2013 to investigate the effect of shading, seeds storage and GA3 treatment on seeds germination and growth of loquat seedlings. Shading percentage (Non shade and 50 % shading), three treatments of storage, (direct planting, storage one month in Fridge and storage one month at room temperature) and immersion in three concentrations of GA3 (Zero, 250, 500 mg. L -1).
The results of this study indicated that shading, storage and GA3 concentrations affected significantly on the percentage germination of seeds as well as the shading affected significantly on the Loquat growth (seedlings length, seedlings diameter, leaves number, wet weight and dry weight of vegetative growth and root fresh weight and dry weight of roots and root length)while the Storage and GA3 effected significantly on seedlings diameter). The interaction of shading + direct planting + 500 mg.L-1 of GA3 affected in percentage germination of seeds and leaves number. The interaction of shading +Fridge storage + zero mg.L -1 of GA3 had highest seedlings length and seedlings roots length, whereas the interaction of shading + room storage + 25o mg.L -1 of GA3 overtopped in seedlings diameter.

A field experiment carried out in department of field crops -College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit for two seasons 2012 and 2013 to study the effect of sowing dates and growth promoters and the type of manure in growth traits and yield and the accumulation of the active ingredient for the plant Datura (Datura stramonium L) in the soil gypsum. Carried out the experiment using split plot system in the factorial in split plot design where transactions sowing dates occupied the main pieces while growth promoters and the type of manure occupied secondary system included experimental treatments on three Group I two dates for sowing dates factors (1/4 and 1/5) The second factor of four concentrations of growth factors , ( ascorbic acid and acetyl Salicylic acid and proline and licorice extract) concentration (200 pmm and 200 pmm and 200 pmm and 100%, respectively) The third factor of four levels of compost are (remnants of cows and remnants of sheep and poultry waste and humic acid) levels are (10 t.d-1 and 10 t.d-1 and 10 t.d-1 and 4 ml. L-1, respectively), where the first date and gave Salicylic acid and residues sheep highest value. (Plant height cm.plant -1 ,number of branches.plant-1 plant leaf area dc. Plant -1 dry weight gm.plant -1 and the proportion of nitrogen and potassium in the leaves and fruit .plant -1 and 1000 seeds weight (g) and yield kg. h-1 and the concentration of the active ingredient (atropine and Hydrohyoscine and hyoscine and Hyoscyamine) gave values of (157.64 and 157.51 cm.plant -1 ) and (36.91 and 36.82 branches.plant-1) and (36 747 and 36 743 cm 2 .plant-1) and (692.56 and 689. 82 g .plant-1) and (1.77 and 1.76%) and (1.96 and 1.68%) and (97.86 and 96.37 fruit .plant-1) and (16.86 and 15.52 g) and (881.10 and 878.60 kg.h- 1) and (1271.22 and 1269.22) and (895.36 and 892.36) and (457.55 and 455.55) and (1994.25 and 1991.25) for both seasons respectively . compared with treatment control that gave the lowest value of the qualities listed above and for two season respectively.

In present study, heavy metal residues concentrations of lead, cadmium , copper and zinc in liver and kidney have been determined in sheep in three areas, in Sallah Al-Din province (Tikrit , Samarra and Baiji) . The most values of heavy metal residues have been found higher in Beiji in Cu was 7.00ppm while in Tikrit was 4.56ppm and Samarra 4.34ppm . Significant differences was record in lead between two season(Winter , Summer) concentration was (1.35 and 0.50)ppm respectively , as well as cadmiums in winter 0.27ppm and in summer was 0.41ppm. Interaction showed low concentration of lead in Summer than Winter in three areas , and high level of copper in Winter and Summer in Baiji than Tikrit and Samarra.

The study included evaluate of stability twenty four genotypes of Barley
( Eighteen in torduced genotypes which are advanced lines from selection program by method of pedigree in isolated filialles for crosses introduced from (ICARDA) with six local varieties Shuaa , Boraq , Emal , Samir , Warkaa and Al- khair) , obtained from Ministry of Science and Technology - Salahaldeen province , to know its stability in way of cultivate it in three tillage system (Deep moderate and without tillage) in tow locations , first in one farmers field in Tuz location , the second in field crops station-college of Agriculture . Tikrit University in 2013-2014 season used (RCBD) Randomized Complete Block Design in split plots system , the main plots were Tillages and the sub plots were the genotypes with three replicates It was compared to evidence franchise Safety First using the variation across environments (EV) and Eberhart and Russel (ER) and Finlay and Wilkinson (FW) and Shukla (SH). the interaction between the genotypes and tillage systems and the locations for plant height , flay leaf area , number of spike/m2, fertility ratio , number of spike grains and weigth of 1000 grains trpits was significant at 1% prob . level , and at level 5% of prob . was for two traits of number of tillers/m2 and spike length and it was non significant for other traits . the genotype (warkaa) was distinguished in plant height traits (111.29cm) and leaf aerea trait and the genotype (D4) in two traits of duration to 75% flowering and the duration to physiological maturity and the genotype (D6) in traits of spike length and weight of 1000 grains, and the genotype (D7) in two traits of number of tillers and number of spike/m2 and the genotype (H4) grain yield and biological yield . the genotype (JH7-1) was in the first stage in grain yield as the indexs (FW and SH) and in the second stage as the index (EV), while was in the second stage as the index (SH) . the genotype (JH21) was in the first stage as the index (ER) distinguished in the grain yield trait and in the second stage as the two indexes (FW and SH) it was a distinct note in the highest averages for this trait.

Ten genotypes of maize were used in this study which were( ZP-341, ZP-434, Drachma , Farnce-44 , NK-Vitorino , Klips ,Corina, Ronaldino-200 ,Dkc-5684 ,Zp600).Entered in half –diallel crosses program as a method of griffing to get (45) crosses during spring seasons of (2014-2015) R.C.B.D with three replicate to study the heterosis by two methods (deviation from first fileial median to parents median and the best of them) .
Study of the traits ; number of rows ear , number of grains and hetrobilotiss row , number of the grains ear , weight of 100 grains and grain yield of plant were recorded . the data showed high significant differences between the genotypes ( parents and the first filial hybrids) for all studied traits at 1% level of prob. The hybrids (DKC-500 × ZP-600 ) (France-44× Nk-vitorino) ( Drachma × zp-600 ) ) ( Drachma × DKC-500) ( Drachma × France-44) (ZP-434 × France-44) deviation of first Dielial on mid- parents and the best parents of studied .

This study was carried out during the period between March 5 and October 1, 2011 at the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, locating on 2.5 kilometers southwestern of Sulaimani city with an altitude of 748 meters above mean sea level, to find out the effect of cutting type, the plant growth regulator (Seradix 2) and growth media on the improvement of rooting of cuttings, vegetative and root growth characteristics of black poplar seedlings, using three types of cuttings; terminal (softwood), intermediate (semi-hardwood) and lateral (hardwood) cuttings, Seradix 2 and two types of growth media; field soil only (silty clay soil) and field soil after the addition of sieved construction sand, in a factorial RCBD experiment in three replications, the means were compared according to Duncan's multiple range test (P ≤ 0.05). The obtained results showed that treated terminal cutting by Seradix 2 wich is planted in media that added pure sand to the soil showed the same trends that have been shown for each dual factor and individually gave significant highest result for all growth characters (rooting success percentage, number of branchseedling, number of leavesseedling, length of seedling, stem diameter ,fresh weight of shoot system ,dry weight of shoot system ,number of lateral rootseedling ,fresh weight of root system and dry weight of root system.

This study was conducted on the farm of college agriculture - Tikrit university as a separated Experiments on two grape cultivars: Halwani and Kamali during the growing season 2013 to study the influence of foliar spray with Boron ، Magnesium and spraying dates to vegetative growth and yield of two grape cultivars ( vitis Vinifera L.).the Study was consisted of three factors first :Three concentration of Boron ( 0 , 30 and 45 mg / L ) , Second :Three concentration of Magnesium( 0 ، 2 ، 4 gm / L) Third : Two dates of spraying, first ( 7 – 10 days before flowering and the second date was done at veraison ). A factorial experiment with three replications was carried out in a randomized complete block design( R.B.C.D) . Every treatment consisted one vine per replicate .the Results showed that the foliar Spray with 45 mg . B / L . Treatment gave a highest of leaves area of vine ( 29.88 m2 ) and yield ( 34.61 kg / vine ) of Halawni cultivar , while the foliar spray of 4 gm / L treatment gave the highest of cluster weight ( 500.10 gm ) and vine ( 25.85 kg ) for Kamali Cv . and the results showed that non – significant of effect of spaying dates on studied characters .

This experiment carried out during the agricultural season 2013-2014 in research horticultural of the Department of Horticulture Station and landscaping-Faculty of Agriculture / University of Tikrit in order to identify the impact of the coverage type and class and overlap between them on some characteristics the growth and holds Cabbage plant used in the experiment two factors: the first factor type of coverage and the two types : use black cover and without cover, and the second factor of three varieties of Cabbage V1: Copenhagen market V2: Sakata V3: Blue tays .
The results showed the superiority of the cover factor Black on non-coverage in total chlorophyll Exchange content (spad) and leaf area (cm2). Plant-1 / paper and head length (cm). Plant-1 , the plant good for marketing (kg). Plant-1 and total yield recorded respectively (41.81) spad (187.21) cm2 . Plant-1 (18.11) cm. Plant-1 (0.567) kg. Plant-1 and (0.848) kg. Plant-1 as results showed superiority of product Blue tays total chlorophyll showed (41.47) spad and the superiority of product Sakata for the recipe holds good plant for marketing given (0.540) kg. Plant-1 , while varieties did not differ among themselves for the rest of the traits, but for the overlap between the type of coverage and varieties have superiority Sakata overlap between the product and the type of black cover for characteristics leaf area / paper and head length, head diameter, the plant good for marketing and total yield recorded (213.21) cm2. Plant-1 , (19.53) cm. Plant-1 , (19.30) cm. Plant-1, (0.697) kg. Plant-1 , (0.930) kg. Plant-1 respectively, while recipe total chlorophyll content, in which the superiority of overlap between the product and the type of Blue tays black cover recorded (49.07) SPAD .

This study was conducted to determine the effect of spraying Olive leaves with boron ( 0 , 5 , 10 ) Mg. L-1 and Naphthalene acetic acid ( 0 , 500 , 1000 ) Mg. L-1 with their interactions, with the effect of two Olive cultivars (Khudeiry and Sorany) of plant extracts with procedure a detection of active substances in the extract .
The results showed contain extract of olive’s leaves and stems for both cultivars (Khudeiry and Sorany) of active compounds ( phenols , flavonoids , soaps , tannins , amino acids , sugars and resins ), on the other hand Spraying with boron and naphthalene lead to a significantly increase in the plant’s extraction content , for both of leave and stem , spraying a concentration of 5 Mg.L-1 of boron and ( 500 , 1000 ) Mg.L-1 naphthalene given high ratio in all concentrations compared with the other factors . Khudeiry showed more effect than Sorany in increasing content of extractions dissolved in ethanol - gasoline for each of the leaves and stems , while Sorany have more extractions dissolved in hot water for each of the leaves and stems , the bilateral and trilateral interactions of the factors studied a significant effect is evident on the indicators.

صفار البيض ، الطيور ، حيوية الحيامن ، الكباش العواسية .

The study was aimed at investigating the effect of select for body weight reflex two way high and low from mean flock at four weeks age compared flock control on egg quality of japonica quails for the period from 1/6/2008 to 25/12/2008 .used in this study for all 225 female at genotype this females select from flock in farm animal in department of animal resources , collage of agriculture , university of tikrit . the results of the present investigation were the following apparent significant for select correlation of high body weight in all the egg weight , yolk weight , shell weight , albumin weight .albumin percentage long albumin , diameters yolk , high albumin , diameters albumin while non-apparent significant different between of three genotype of the traits diameter yolk , thin shell index yolk and shape of egg .

The current study have included isolated and identification of sheep infection by Salmonella germs within Salah Alden province.The study have collection of (1524) samples from sick and suspected sheep infected by the Salmonella germs, these samples were collected from blood, excrement, milk, and wool , the isolation shown (207) of the isolated sample is related to the following serotypes:
S.typhimurium (83) isolates, S.typhi (44) isolates, S.bongori (32) isolates, S.agona (31) isolates, S.arizona (9) isolates, S.enteritidis (8) isolates, which was confirmed by the formal qualities and biochemistry tests. The study have shown significant difference at level of (P≤0.01) in many cases through 8 months of the experiment (October 2011 until May 2012), and the highest level of infection was recorded in (October 2011) which was about (19.04%), and the lowest level of infection was recorded in (May 2012) which was about (9.21%) of the total percentage of infected cases. The study also shows an significant difference at level of (P≤0.01) among the infected cases with a difference of age stages, the highest infection was at age of (1 day – 6 months), which was about (16.02%), the lowest was at age of (3 – 5 years), which was about (12.17%). The study also shows an incorporeal difference at level of (P≤0.01) among the infected cases in many different locations of the study, the highest was recorded in Tikrit, which was about (19.32%), the lowest was recorded in Al-Dooz which was about (8.21%) of the total percentage of infected cases.

The current study was conducted in the field of the Department of animal resources College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit, for the period from 11/28/2012 till 02/25/2013. Using nine Friesian calves , at average age of 16 months weighted at average 242.77 ± 10.60 kg. were distributed Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment by three Total Mixed Rations (TMR) of different levels of Concentrate : Roughage feed (C:R) 60:40 , 40:60 and 50:50 on dry matter base for the three groups respectively . the Roughage feed part of rations the wild reed hay cane by 3% date syrup of roughage feed , calves were fed and given animals for free consumption . studied effects of those percentages in some calves carcasses characters (hot and cold carcasses weight, dressing percentage , carcasses main cuts and rib eye area) . The results showed no significant differences between all treatments in both dressing percentage , hot and cold carcasses and rib eye area and carcasses main cuts rations except shoulder cut of third treatment except statistically excel first treatment in all traits .

This study was carried in poultry farm of animal resources department for the period from 20/10/2012 to 20/6/2013 to demonstrate the effect of the selection for age at sexual maturity for japanese quails brown at some production traits . Used in this study for all 1000 bird at one day age . at 21 day of age all birds were sexed according to color pattern of pluage , Used 168 females to the parents generation which was distributed individually in cages and record the date of the first eggs per female and female were divided into three groups selected are early, medium and late age at sexual maturity. each group was divided into ten families by one male and three females each family and the number was used in the study, 30 males and 90 females were hatching egg production index sons by groups and their hosts were recorded production traits of both parents and sons . the results showed superiority group early age at sexual maturity in egg number and egg mass trait for each generation sire and sons comparative group medium and , late age at sexual maturity . no a significant differences was observed in egg weight trait between three groups early , medium and late age at sexual maturity .

Field experiment was conducted to study the relation between movement of water and gypsum and discharge of drip irrigation in gypsifereous soil .Emitters with discharge of 2 , 4 and 8 (L.hˉ¹) were used . Soil samples with gypsum from 85 g. Kgˉ ¹ of surface, soil layer(0-5 cm) and subsurface soil layer (5 - 40 cm) were taken from the field of College of Agriculture -Tikrit university. The samples were air dried and passed through a sieve with 0.2 cm opening .The soil samples were packed and stratified to simulate field conditions in a PVC columns with 18.8 cm inner diameter and 55 cm length . The drip irrigation system was installed and calibrated under pressure of 100 kPa . The efficiency of drip system were 90 , 97 and 97 % for emitters of 2 , 4 and 8 (L.hˉ¹) . The experiment was carried out into two separate groups of columns . in the first group the distribution of water in the soil columns were studied . Volumetric water content (

Pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse to study the effect of magnesium fertilizer and soils gypsum content on grain yield and yield components of wheat plant IP99 using CRD design. Mg-fertilizer added at four levels(0,40,80,120 mg.Kg-¹) as magnesium sulfate,While soils gypsum content was (G₁=5%,G₂=15% and G₃=25%). At harvest stage yield and yield components were calculated. The percentage increase in grain yield was as follow 31.94%,51.45% and 32.74 at Mg₁, Mg₂ and Mg₃ respectively compared with control Mg₀ treatment. The highest grain yield 9.91( gm. pot-¹)was at Mg₂G₃ treatment .The high of grain yield was mainly due to the number of grain .ear-¹ and the weight of 100 grain . Highest Mg uptake of Mg in grains was 52.18% mg.Mg(grain). pot-¹ Mg₂G₃ treatment .

This study was carried out in green house of Agriculture College fields. Tikrit University. Using plastic pots 250 gm capacity to evaluate Zn element behavior in soils with different levels of gypsum content 5 % , 8 % , 14 % , 18 %, with two kind of Zn fertilizer, chelate Zn (Zn- EDTA) and mineral Zn (Zn SO4) using three concentrations (10, 20, 40, mg-kg-1) in (Paniecum miliecum. L) plant. After 45 days of growth , plants were harvested and dry matter production was analyzed. The results showed that soils gave the following significant order of dry matter production (18 %, 14 % , 8 % , 5 %) 0.581 < 0.620 < 0.656 < 0.707 and also the same order of Zinc uptake . results also indicate superiority of organic fertilizer (10 < 20 < 40 < mg. kg-1 ) organic fertilizer gets (0.670 < 0.726 < 0.846 gm. Pot) respectively. While mineral fertilizer gets (0.575 < 0.634 < 0.664 gm. Pot) in dry matter characteristic. As concern to zinc uptake according to same serial of concentration levels, organic Zn – EDTA gets (22.83 < 29.21 < 44.66 mg . pot) respectively .

The study was applied on 111 soil samples were collected from 22 selected locations in middle and northern Iraq differ in their total manganese contents. Aim is to use artificial neural networks to find the most efficient mathematical model for total manganese estimation. Some soil characteristics (EC, organic matter, CEC, clay content, CaCO3, pH) have been depended as inputs for assumed artificial neural networks model. Statistically, stepwise multiple linear regression model was carried out to find a linear harmony between artificial neural network outputs and observed total manganese data for soil samples were excluded from training group. Results of neural networks application referred that root mean square error (RMSE= 50.3), mean absolute percent error (MAPE= 8.6%), validation factor (VF= 90.5) and correlation relationship (r= 0.92) between observed and estimated soil total manganese values, also statistical analysis by using MATLAB programs band for neural networks outputs referred that correlation relationships for training, validation, test groups and total data of soil samples were (r= 0.88) , (r= 0.92) , (r= 0.85) , (r= 0.88) respectively indicating for efficiency artificial neural networks in total manganese estimation with depending upon soil characteristics mentioned above.

This study was carried out to find out effect of agricultural exploitation on formation of interstratified minerals in some gypsifrous soils And the impact of the Agricultural Cultivation on minerals and Transformation to interstratified minerals. Soils were Selected tow-site from two different location taking into account that two of them exploited crop wheat and irrigated by way of irrigation and watered with water wells two and the ather were never cultivated. Morphology characterization of The selected sites Pedons and described then estimated some physical , chemical and mineralogical properties soil samples of the study. Calculated ratios of molecular to the most important elements in the crystal structure of the components of the mineral relative to each other, so as to study the degree of severity of weathering on material originally soils study, where the results showed that those ratios were varied between Pdons study all, especially in the area shricat unused, and the ratio of molecular (CaO+MgO+K_2 O)/(SiO_2+Al_2 O(_3^ )+Fe_2 O_3^ ) Which is the closest representation to the reality of the study in terms of weathering of clay minerals and converts to interstratified minerals that the ratio is within the range of molecular (1.05-0.41) And the first value represents the horizon of soil surface SHIRQAT unused, while the second represents the value sub surface soil SHIRQAT that are exploited advantage of the wheat crop, as well as the results showed that the values of these ratios were reduced within providers unused soils at all locations except providers soils SHIRQATX-ray examinations showed separated models contain clay soils study Smectites, chlorite,, Palygoriskite, Kaolinite and Mica . Calculated the percentage of clay minerals by measuring the area under the diffraction, as the results showed rule Palygoriskite , the rates while other metals came in accordance with the following order: Smectites > Kaolinite > Mica > chlorite
X-ray examinations showed the unbroken clay models contain exploited soils located within the area of Shirqat on interstratified minerals of the two types of regular and irregular, While irregular appeared in soils exploited sites Makhoul . Based on the results obtained have suggested the current study to be tow mechanical interstratified minerals in the soils of the study, as we believe that be interstratified minerals in the SHIRQAT soils are exploited according to mechanical dissolving shift (DT), while the mechanical switch is a dominant feature steel for soils Makhool.

Fungelα-amylase inhibitors were extracted from May 70 with 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 6 , then concentrated by using different saturation percentage of ammonium sulfate from extracted . The results showed that precipitation with ammonium sulphate 60% was more suitable, scoring inhibitor units and specific activity amounted to 10.62 units⁄ml, 12.45 units⁄ mg protein respectively .Then purified by ionexchange chromatography using DEAE-Cellulose, which identified peaks possessed effective in the inhibition of amylase A.niger in the recovery stage with purification fold of 5.1 , and recovery amounted 35.66% . purification has been completed on a gel filtration Sephadex G-100 column , The obtained purification fold was 8.25 , and recovery amounted 28.62%.Results showed that the characterization of amylase inhibitors molecular weight inhibitor purified reached at 29500 Kiloudalton appreciation manner gel filtration . The study showed that the incubating -amylase inhibitor purified with a 30-minute task to obtain a higher percentage of inhibition in the conditions used in this study .And gave determined highest effective inhibition toward the enzyme alpha - amylase at a temperature of 30 ˚ C where the effectiveness inhibitor 4.55 U / mL , while amylase with purified inhibitor at a temperature of 30 ˚ was effective inhibition 3.77 units / mL , with an incidence rise of the effectiveness of amylase when his incubating with purified inhibitor temperature 70 ˚ C , and when studying the degree of stability purified inhibitor after including temperature (90-30) ˚ C for 30 minutes was observed at the temperatures (50-30) ˚ C followed by a gradual decrease in efficiency with increased temperature , with retention activity for 80% of the inhibitor at degree 70 ˚C followed by decrease until it reached a degree 90 ˚ C to 60% . these the results can reflect higher thermal stability of these inhibitors . Optimum pH for linking of purified inhibitor with amylase is around 9-6 .The higher the stability of the purified inhibitor was at pH 7 , the purified inhibitor gave the highest effective inhibition and were more stable toward the basal numbers .

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The study included the effect of heat treatment and methods of processing on the loss of iodine from food, which added to iodized salt in addition to the effect of storage period on the losses of iodine.
The results showed that the proportion of the average iodine content in salt samples was 33.75 Ppm, while the average of iodine content in drinking water reached 2.25 μg / L. The results showed that iodine loss ratio during the different heat treatment, which included Grilling, Blanching, normal cooking, cooking under pressure, shallow frying, deep frying, baking, were 5.96, 32.42, 19.96, 21.75, 24.42, 17.08, 19.54 % respectively. While the percentage of retaining were 94.03, 67.31, 80.29, 78., 75.58, 82.92, 80.46% respectively.
The results showed that the effect of storage on iodine loss, and the average rate of retaining during storage freezing for seven days for both bread domestic and electrical loaf 75.70 % and 79.50 %, respectively.

supported by treatments (0,1,2,3 ) % fat and (3,2,1,0)% protein whey in three batches. The samples were kept in a refrigerator in temperature (5ْ C) for three months, in the same time chemical, physical , sensitive and microbiological analyses for fresh and stored samples.
Using complete Randomize design system (C.R.D.) in three replicate results analyses which get it and test it in Duncan's test in probability 5% the results showed: The micro biological result show ( after taken logarithm ) increaser the microbiological contain of total count when the whey protein increase ( before cooking ) a high value for the skim replicate for a first batch in value ( 3.698 microb / Igm . Chesse ) , and not no detected for coliform bacteria , very small numbers for yeasts , moulds and sporform bacteria , before the cooking the numbers of the microbiological contain for total count of bacteria lower very much , the replicate of skim taken high value ( 1.698 micob / 1 gm . cheese ) , and didn't show any coliform bacteria, yeasts and moulds and sperfrom bacteria for three batch and all treatments .
For store the study showed lower for total count of bacteria when increase store , the value of the replicate ( 3% fat + zero % whey ) for three months and for the three batch in value ( 0.301 / gl . cheese ) .and didn't show any microbe in study , yeasts , moulds , sporefrom , and coliform bacteria .

The current study was designed to observe and test the preventive and Therapy effects of Urtica dioica leaves and Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds powder on healthy adult albino rats males and that exposed to cadmium chloride (5 mg/kg of body weight) and lead acetate (50 mg/kg of body weight) and the amount of the transaction over the period (30) days on case of anemia, randomly divided into (18) groups, and each group included (5) animals. Giving the powder of Urtica dioica leaves and Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds showed on significant differences (p˃0.05) in the weight of the organs, which include liver, kidney and spleen,WBCs, RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC in comparison with the normal control group. The groups that had been given cadmium chloride and lead acetate caused a significant decrease in (P˂0.05) RBCs, Hb, PCV and a significant increase in the weight of the organs(liver, kidney and spleen),WBCs, MCV and MCH, while observe no significant differences in MCHC. The groups of animals which treated with powder of these plants under study before and after of exposed to each of cadmium chloride and lead acetate showed a positive effect on the weight of the organs (liver, kidney, spleen) and showed led to a significant increase in RBCs, Hb, PCV, and a significant decrease in WBCs, MCV and MCHC, all of these were compared with the groups that exposed to cadmium chloride and lead acetate only.

In this research study economic and standard analysis to import crops of sugar and tea to Iraq for the period (1990- 2013), the fact that the import is one of the foreign trade activities in Iraq, research had adopted on the import of crops sugar and tea being the crops that have a close relationship to food security and considered imported crops quantities are the dependent factor (Y) independent factors represented by (the world price and the domestic price and the price of goods complementary and alternative national income and population and dummy variable), It was depend on time-series data in the estimation of the phenomenon under discussion, and to reach the best results was applying the standard model are four formats, The strongest functions had been adopted a based on favorable and superior in terms of statistical and lab. tests it has been chosen as the best crops of sugar, tea function dual logarithmic function, and results of the analysis it became clear moral influence negative to the variables of the world price and the domestic price of goods complementary dummy variable (X1, X2, X3, d) in the importation of crop sugar, tea , either the price of alternative goods for the tea crop variable (X3) and he had a positive significant effect on the import of tea crop, and pointed variables of national income and population (X4, X5) to positive morale in the importation of sugar and tea crops, The study reached with a number of conclusions and recommendations,: that Iraq suffers from a food gap of sugar and tea crops requiring fill this gap through imports from abroad, Research was recommending through interest in local agriculture in order to promote a commodity sugar and the use of available alternatives in Iraq as well as the process of conducting experiments on tea cultivation protected in order to reduce the import of tea, so It is reduced imports and narrow the food gap.

Find targeted study limitation extension work in Salahaddin province, the determinants and prepared a questionnaire to collect the data required for research and is composed of two parts First Section included some personal factors such as staff (Age, educational ievels, number of years of Extension, commissioning administrative, altitude towards agricultural extension, sources of information) while ensuring the second section (35) is represented extension work selectors, data were collected from 106 employees representing 40% of the research population. And use several means for statistical analysis of data such as (Range, standard deviation, Pearson cotelletion, Spearman correiation, the regression model). The results showed a correlation relationship between the determinants of extension work in Salahaddin province, and all studied factors regression analysis showed that the sources of information most influential factor on the guiding determinants of work. The researchers recommend working on the introduction of staff training sessions or to send outside the country to increase their knowledge in the field of extension work .

The research aimed at determining knowledge of the owners of fish farms technical recommendations for the protection of fish of the most common diseases in Samarra. In addition to identifying the correlation relation between knowledge owners' level and number of variables independent. The research population consisted of all owners of fish farms in Samarra district, totaling (270) winning distributed to 11 villages in the judiciary, and after the pre- test testing amounting to sample excluded (30) owners, became the total number of members of the community (240) elected them random sample (50%). And bringing the number of respondents who have undergone research procedures (120) winning. Was obtained personal data against mediated questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the overall level of the owners of fish farms recommendations technical to protect the fish of the most important diseases as the average tends to rise. The results reveal a correlation relationship between the level knowledge of Fish farmers and the most independent variables which the study includes. the results showed that the problem of the large number of aquatic plant growth in the basins of fish, and the absence of accurate medical examination of fish transferred to basins from other sources, came the first rank relative importance of (73%). The research recommended that to intensify outreach activities and training directed to the fish farmers in Samarra district to improve their knowledge of technical recommendations for the prevention of the most important fish in ponds spread diseases. And the necessity need for agricultural extension services and veterinary work to provide all material and moral support for the owners and to identify their problems and resolve them for the development of this important activity.

The study showed laboratory influence the type of host in the efficiency of the enemy's bio on three types of aphids are peach green Myzus persicae and water melon Aphis gossypii and cucurbits Aphis craccivora The variation showed in the rates of parasitism with type of host insect it was Myzus persicae most preferred using parasitoid in the development of eggs in it, as the percentage of parasitism with 90% while the ratios of parasitism with of Aphis craceivora and Aphis gossypii 66% and 40%, respectively It also shows that there are differences in the sex ratio for adults parasitoid was the highest percentage of parasitoid on host of peach green, amounting to (0.73 females: 0.27 males) while the percentages sexual parasitoids with their hosts insect of Aphis craceivora(Koch) and on Aphis gossypii (0.7 females: males 0.27) and (0.7 females: 0.3 male), respectively.

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the Influence of some Leaves Morphological and Biochemical Traits of the more famous cotton cultivars in Iraq(Ashure, Marsomy4, Coker and Lashata) to the Cotton Aphid Aphis gossypii Golv.. also determined the population density and seasonal presence to pest and evaluate the yield loss. The Results Showed that Marsomy4 C.V was the most infected host for aphid followed by Coker and Lashata , the mean number of the pest was 0.843,0.625,0.229 insect/leaf respectively, and the reason of this Results was had Marsomy4 c.v the least number of gossypol gland(52.14 gland/cm2 ) and highest leaf area (98.21cm2 ), number of hairs was high (43.10 hair/cm2 ), high tannin concentration and lamina thickness),while Ashure C.V was the least infected host for aphid , the mean number of the pest was0.158 insect/leaf because this cultivar had the highest leaf lamina thickness (0.525 micron) and least tannin concentration (0.155mg/gm), and low number of hairs (34hair/cm2 ).

19 Trichoderma isolates were identified distributed on four species , 12 isolates related to T. harzianum ,3 isolates related to T. viride , 3 isolates related to T.atroviride and one isolatet related to T. longbrachitum the research was study effect of Trichoderma spp isolates on various Mushroom Agaricus bisoporus production stages.in which the effect of Trichodera The results showed that afist stage (spawning) was the most affected in Trichoderma isolates .
T6 ( T.harzianum) isolate (were isolated from agriculture yield in Tikrit university )showed maximum inhibition of A. bisporus mycelium in spawning stage in which the infection percentage was (73%) while the minimum infection was 19.23% by T19 .
The results showed that a first stage was more affected in A. bisporus yield by Trichoderma isolates percentage infection 71.60 % and was manimum yield was 159.81 g ( biological efficiency 6.68% by treatment with T6 isolate, compared to 2304 .2 g/ 8 kg compost ( B.E )( 96.10%) in control without any infection ). while minimum effect by T19 isolate (percentage infection 5.3)with 1031.44 g /kg compost yield (B.E 45.8) was recorded.
The 3th (last A. bisporus production stage (maturated fruit bodies) showed the least response with Trichoderma sp infection compared to 1st stage , the maximum infection was 8.26% with 1288.06 g/8kg compost yield (B.E 53.77%) byT6 compared to minimum percentage infection 0.43% and (1936.30g/8kg compost) (B.E79.4%)by T19 yield compared.