Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

1

HISTOLOGICAL EFFECT OF INCLUSION DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CORIANDER OIL IN BROILER DIET ON SMALL INTESTINE

Hassan S. Al-Tememy, Farah KH. Al-Jaff, Eisaa Hussein Al-Mashhadani, Sunbul J. Hamodi

Pages: 1-11 English

Abstract

This study was conduced at the poultry farm, Animal Resource Department, Collage of Agriculture, University of Baghdad from 20-4-2010 to 4-6-2010, to investigate the potential effect of coriander oil on intestine histometrical traits in broiler . One hundred and thirty five Arbor acers day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned in to three dietary treatments with three replicate pens per trearment (15 birds/pen). Birds were fed experimental diets containing 0%,0.5% and 1% coriander oil. Water and feed were provided ad libitum during the six weeks experimental period. Three experimental birds were taken randomly from each treatments at 42 day and anesthetized by using chloroform inhalation in closed chambers and then the necropsy were applied to removed the small intestine. Histological technique were applied on each samples and also the ocular micrometer were used to measured the thickness of the intestinal wall layers. Results showed that feed conversion ratio were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the (T2 and T3) as compared with control treatment. Chicks in (T2 and T3) had significantly (P<0.05) higher thickness in duodenum wall than control (T1), but the mucosal layer thickness were more significantly (P<0.05) in (T3) . The jejunum wall and mucosal layer thickness were significantly (P<0.05) higher in (T2) group. While chicks in (T3) had significantly (P<0.05) higher wall and mucosal layer thickness in ileum compared with T1 and T2 . In conclusion the results showed that the increase in the intestinal wall thickness indicate that the intestine is highly activated in digestion and absorption function that lead to increase of feed conversion ratio.

2

THE EFFECT OF BREED AND FEEDING REGIMEN ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION , COLOR AND LIPID STABILITY AND CHOLESTEROL CONTENT IN MEAT AND KIDNEY FAT OF LOCAL GOATS .

Ibrahim A. Bakar, Hatem H. Saleh, Jalal I. Alkass

Pages: 1-11 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Twelve weaned (3 months old) male kids from each of Meriz and native goat were weighed and randomly assigned equally into three groups according to different feeding regimen. Kids of 1st group had ad libitum access to concentrate (Intensive) , whereas kids in the 2nd group were left at pasture for 45 days and then moved to the farm to be fed ad libitum concentrate (semi-intensive). The 3rd group of kids was freely grazed at pasture (Extensive system). At the end of the trail (90 days), all kids were slaughtered and dressed. After chilling the carcasses at 4°C for 24 hours, Slices from meat was obtained from the leg and samples from kidney fat was minced separately and packed in polythene bags and stored at -18°C for analysis.

3

EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL OF OAT POWDER ON CERTAIN SEMEN TRAITS OF ROOSTERS .

Hazim J. Al–Daraji, Kurdu O. Hamaziz

Pages: 12-30 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was conducted at the Poultry Farm of Animal Resources Department, College of Agriculture, University of Sulaimany to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with different levels of oat powder on certain semen traits roosters. A total of 48 Bovans Goldline layer breeder roosters 16 weeks old were used in this study. Roosters were randomly allocated for 4 treatments with 3 each and each replicate consisted of 4 birds (12 roosters for each treatment). Treatments of experiment were as follows: Treatment 1, Control group (C), and treatments 2, 3, or 4 (T1, T2, or T3) represented roosters fed diets supplemented with 2, 4, or 6 kg of oat powder / ton of diet, respectively. Birds were fed these diets for 16 weeks including the preliminary period which lasted 4 weeks. Semen traits included in this experiment were semen volume, mass activity and individual motility of spermatozoa, percentages of abnormal, dead spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities, spermatozoa concentration, and spermatocrit. Results revealed that supplementation of roosters ration with oat powder (T1, T2, or T3) result in significant increase (p < 0.05) in semen volume, mass activity and individual motility of spermatozoa, sperm concentration and spermatocrit and significant decrease (p < 0.05) in percentages of dead and abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities during all the periods of experiment and as regards total means of these traits. However, regarding the age of roosters it was noticed that there were significant increases (p < 0.05) in semen volume, mass activity and individual motility of spermatozoa, sperm concentration and spermatocrit and significant decreases (p < 0.05) in percentages of dead and abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities with the advancement in age of roosters. Furthermore, there were no significant interactions between treatments and age of roosters with relation to all traits involved in this study. On the other hand, T3 (6 kg oat powder / ton of feed) surpasses other treatments included in this experiment with respect to all semen parameters included in this study. In conclusion the addition of oat to the diet of roosters result in significant improvement in semen traits therefore oat powder could be used as effective tool for improving reproductive performance of roosters.

4

EFFECT OF ADDING CRUSHED SEEDS OF FENUGREEK AND BLACK SEED TO LAYER DIETS ON EGG QUALTY TRAITS

Sanaa A. Al-Hameed, Ali A. Al-Yaseen

Pages: 31-48 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was carried out at the poultry farm of Animal Resources Dept. / College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad during the period from 10/11/2007 to 10/5/2008 to investigate the effect of adding different levels of crushed seeds of Fenugreek and black seed to layer diets on some egg quality characteristics. One hundred and forty four laying hens (Lohmann Brown) at the age of 20 weeks were used in this study . At the age of 22 weeks , the hens were individually weighed and randomly distributed into nine treatments and each treatment with two replicates (8 hens / replicate). The treatments were as follows : T1 (control) : no addition, T2 and T3 included the addition of 1 and 2% crushed seeds of Fenugreek respectively, T4 and T5 included 1 and 2% crushed seeds of black seed respectively and treatments 6 , 7 , 8 and 9 included combinations crushed seeds of fenugreek and black seed at the levels of 1:1 , 1:2 , 2:1 and 2:2% respectively. Results revealed that the addition of fenugreek and black seed to diets of laying hens enhanced all egg quality characteristics such as : egg shell weight, albumin weight and yolk weight , however they decreased cholesterol level of egg yolk during the different production periods comparing with control group.

5

EFFECT OF OREGANO (Oregano vulgaris) SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF ROSS BROILER CHICKENS REARED UNDER HEAT STRESS CONDITIONS

Ahmed T. Taha, Maad A. Mahmood, Jameel M. saeed

Pages: 49-59 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

One hundred and sixty (21 day old ) (Ross) broiler chicken were kept in floor pens following completely randomized design for 3 weeks during summer season (19/May to 29/June /2009)the birds were divided into four groups ,(4 replicate each with 10 birds) . The Oregano grandeurs was added at the rate of (0 ,2.5 , 5.0 ,and 7.5 g/kg diet )during the experimental period in respective broiler groups . Results indicated that body weight , weight gain , feed conversion and dressing percentage were not effected with Oregano supplementation in all groups , whereas feed intake was increased and number of dead birds were decreased with supplementation of Oregano in all broiler groups . Blood picture showed that the red and white blood cells count , packed cells volume , hemoglobin concentration and total protein concentration was higher (p≤ 0.05)in Oregano supplemented. However uric acid concentration and enzymes activity (G O T and G P T ) lowered (p≤ 0.05) with oregano supplementation in all groups . Based on the findings of the present study it was concluded that Oregano supplementation was effective in improving blood parameters of broiler under heat stress conditions.

6

THE EFFECT OF INJECTING HATCHING EGGS WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF FOLIC ACID ON SOME OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE PRODUCT BROILER CHICKEN.

Khaldon M. Abdul-Latif, Farah KH. Al-Jaff

Pages: 60-68 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was carried out to study the influence of injecting eggs with different concentration of folic acid on some of the physiological and immunological traits of the produced broiler chicken. Eight hundred eggs faobro (IPA2000) brought and divided into four groups, control group T1(without injection) and the other three groups injecting with 5,15 and 25 micrograms of folic acid/egg for the groups T2, T3 and T4 after that they laided in the hatchery. The hatching chicks transfer to the poultry farm of Animal Resources Department, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University and the produced broiler raised for 7 weeks, then we studied the physiological traits of blood at the 4th. and 7th. weeks of the broilers age. Also we studied the antibody titer against the Newcastle disease(ND) virus in blood plasma. The injected eggs with folic acid had shown significant increase (P<0.05) in the percentage of blood packed cells volume (PCV), Total red blood cells count (RBC), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Total white blood cells count (WBC) and plasma protein concentration at 4th and 7th weeks of the broiler's age. Also there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the antibody titer against the Newcastle disease(ND) virus in blood plasma in the groups injected with 5 and 15 micrograms of folic acid/egg.

7

GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF TRANSFERRIN IN ARABI SHEEP BREED

Talib A. Jaayid, Muntaha Y. Yousif, Bashar F. Zaqeer, Jafar M. Owaid

Pages: 69-76 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was carried out at the Animal Farm, Hartha Research Station, College of Agriculture, Basrah University and several farms in Basrah Provence. Polymorphism of transferrin biochemical system was examined in the blood of Arabi sheep breed using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in discontinuous buffer system and staining (Amido Black). This is the first study on transferrin on sheep breeds in Iraq. Totally 119 blood samples were analyzed. Transferrin loci were found to be polymorphic among all analyzed samples. Eight transferrin variants have been found in Arabi sheep breed sera which are designated AA, BB, DD, MM, AB, AM, BM and DM in order of decreasing mobility caused by four alleles of that locus (A, B, D and M). Sheep populations were studied which differed in gene frequencies. The superiority of allele B and M (o.36 and o.31), respectively on the allele A (0.26) while the D allele was rare allele (0.07). Differences between expected and observed number of transferrin genotypes were significant. The aim of this study was to use the PAGE as a fast, efficient and low cost method to detect the genetic variants of transferrin gene in Arabi sheep breed. The polymorphism of sheep transferrins can be used for the identification of offspring.

8

PREDICTION OF THE HOLSTEIN CATTLE REPRODUCTIVE FROM ANALYSIS OF THE DERMATOGLYPHICS ON MUZZLE

Naser N. Al-Anbari, Abdul Razzaq L. Al-Robaibi, Laith Y. Al-Bajalany

Pages: 77-87 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

At the Nasr Dairy Cattle Station, United Company for Animal Resources Ltd., Al-Soueira (50 km south of Baghdad), (246) Holstein cows were randomly selected out from the herd. The aim of this study was to recognize the dermatoglyphics on the muzzle, the photography and a special computer programs were used to analysis the dermatoglyphics, were Simple Arch (SA), Fork (F), Enclosure (E), Islands (I), Short Ridges (SR) and Muzzle Width (MW) were recorded. A prediction relationship between dermatoglyphics and some reproductive traits {period from calving to service (PCS), service per conception (SPC), and calving interval (CI)}, genetic parameters estimate, the (246) Holstein cows at the station were evaluated genetically as to their (MW). Regression coefficient of some reproductive traits on dermatoglyphics, were significantly (positive or negative).

9

GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC PARAMETERS FOR SPERM – EGG PENETRATION AND SOME SEMEN TRAITS FOR WHITE LEGHORN COCKS .

Abduljabar A. Al-Rawi, Mohammed F. Al-Baghdadi, Hazim J. Al-Daraji

Pages: 88-100 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was conducted at the Poultry Farm of the Animal Resource Department , College of Agriculture , Baghdad University , during the period from 8/10/2007 to 28/3/2009 , to study the genetic evaluation of White Leghorn flock for selection according to sperm – egg penetration , semen characteristics , fertility and hatchability traits , egg production traits ( weight of first egg , egg weight , egg production at the first 100 days of production , egg mass and the body weight at sexual maturity) and histological testis traits , after the adjustment of fixed effects , and estimate of its genetic parameters. The General Linear Model –GLM procedure ,within the SAS program was used to study the effect of fixed factors , and to determined the random effect by using Restricted Maximum Likelihood – REML, for sire (24) , dams (114) . These values were ranked in descending order for selection purpose. Results obtained can summarized as follows : 1- Means of sperm – egg penetration was 74.25 hole / 1.5 mm2 and for other semen traits were 3.98 x 109 ml for semen concentration 20.13% for spermatocrit , 0.44 ml for semen volume , 82.19% for mass motility , 84.99% for individual motility , 11.09% for percentage dead spermatozoa , and 10.41% for the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, Whereas the heritabilities and repeatabilities for these traits were (0.79 , 0.86) , (0.34 , 0.42) , (0.25 , 0.29) , (0.19 , 0.34) , (0.26 , 0.48) , (0.18 , 0.44) , (0.14 , 0.37) and (0.36 , 0.43) , respectively . 2- The effect of season on traits include in this study was highly significant (P < 0.01) in winter than in summer . 3-There was high positive genetic and phenotypic correlations between SP with semen concentration ,(0.42 , 0.45) spermatocrit (0.89 , 0.91 ), semen volume (0.34 , 0.37 ), mass motility ( 0.92 , 0.95 ), and individual motility (0.91 , 0.92 )

10

EFFECT OF FERMENTED MILK ON MICE BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVEL FEEDING .

Omar A. Al-Dorrah, Amir KH. Al-Darwash

Pages: 101-111 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The present study included feeding eighteen mice on cholesterol-enriched diet of 0.3 % for two weeks to increase the blood cholesterol and divided into three groups of six rats. First was fed on cholesterol rich feeds and then on skim milk as control (S) while the second group (L) was fed on skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus. The third group (B) was fed on skim milk fermented by Bifidobacterium spp. There was an increase (p < 0.05) in feed intake for group L 2, but no significant difference was appeared in feed conversion efficiency. Results showed differences (p < 0.05) among treatments in feed lipids and the highest level and lowest levels were in group L and group B , respectively .A significant increase (p < 0.05) in group L was found compared with S and B . There was no significant difference between group L 2 and group B 2 in the level of coprostanol in fecal lipids which was low in group S .The high level of cholesterol was decreased ( p < 0.05 ) after two weeks of treatment and the highest decrease was in group L and the lowest was in group S .

Keywords

Bifidobacterium. Lactobacillus acidophilus Reduction of Blood cholesterol in rat

11

THE USE OF OAT (Avena sativa) POWDER IN LAYING HEN BREEDERS DIET FOR IMPROVING FERTILITY AND HATCHABILITY TRAITS

Hazim J. Al–Daraji, Kurdu O. hamah

Pages: 112-126 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was conducted at the Poultry Farm of Animal Resources Department, College of Agriculture, University of Sulaimany to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with different levels of oat powder on fertility and hatchability traits of layer breeder chicken. A total of 132 Bovans Goldline birds (48 roosters and 84 hens) 16 weeks old were used in this study. Birds were randomly allocated for 4 treatments with 3 replicates each and each replicate contained 11 birds (4 males and 7 females) (12 roosters and 21 hens for each treatment). Roosters and hens were reared separately into ground cages. Treatments of experiment were as follows: Treatment 1 (Control group; C): roosters and hens fed control diet and Treatments 2, 3, and 4 (T1, T2, and T3) represented roosters and hens fed diets supplemented with 2, 4, or 6 kg of oat powder / ton of diet, respectively. Birds were fed these diets for 16 weeks including the preliminary period which lasted 4 weeks. Traits included in this study were percentages of fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs and total eggs, and embryonic mortality. Results indicated that dietary supplementation with different levels of oat powder resulted in significant improvement as concerns rates of fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs and total eggs, and embryonic mortality. Results of this experiment also denoted significant increase with relation to percentages of fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs and total eggs and significant decrease respecting embryonic mortality with the advancement of bird ages. However, it was noticed that there were no significant interactions between age of birds and treatment the birds with oat powder regarding all fertility and hatchability traits involved in this experiment. In conclusion the addition of oat powder to the diets of roosters and hens resulted in significant improvement with respect to rates of fertility, hatchability, and embryonic mortality. Therefore, oat powder can be used as on of important nutritive additions for improving rates of fertility and hatchability and embryonic livability.

12

EXTRACTION OF MILK – CLOTTING ENZYME FROM Cartamus tinctorius SEEDS AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION

Sawsan M. Abdul – Rahman

Pages: 127-136 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The partial characterization and purification of milk clotting enzyme from defatted meal of safflower seeds was done . The enzyme was extracted using four different types of buffers ,the most efficient extraction solution was found to be 3% NaCl in phosphate buffer . The enzyme was partially purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate at 60% saturation , giving specific milk clotting of 9.33
unit/mg . The study of some specifies of partially purified enzyme pointed out that the maximum milk clotting activity observed at pH value 6 . At determination the optimum temperature for activity the enzyme from safflower seeds exhibited the maximum coagulation activity at 75 C. Upon examining the effect of the addition of CaCl2 on coagulation activity at range of 10 – 100 mM ,the enzymatic activity increases as the concentration of CaCl 2 increases ,and the high activity at a salt conc. of 70 mM ,after that the activity decrease . To know the effects of some inhibitors on activity like Iodo acetic acid , EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol ,the enzyme was incubated with these compounds , it was clear that they had no significant inhibitory effect on enzyme coagulation activity.

13

SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF Chalcalburnus sellal(Heckel) IN TUZ CHI RIVER – NORTH IRAQ .

Saeed A. Al-Shawi, Nehad K. Wahab

Pages: 137-151 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This work was conducted in Tuz Chi River which is one of Al-Audaim river tributary, Salah – Alddin Province during the period between June 2004 to June 2005. The study includes some biological aspects of Chalcalburnus sellal (Heckel), (sex ratio, food, growth and reproduction). Sex ratio (male: female) was 1:1. Insect was found the main food item 39.52 % of the food content with 62.90% frequency, followed by plants particles and their seeds 34.43% with 72.58 % frequency and organic matter 18.43 % . Fish was found omnivores, tends to animal food more than plant food, animal food occupied 41.74% and plant food 39.02% . Significant differences in the food intake between months and different length groups were observed. The maximum gonada somatic index( GSI ) was 5.45 for male and 11.64 for female in April. The length of smallest mature male was 103mm and female was 106 mm. The growth was allometric, the growth in weight increased with a rate of more than the cubic length. The condition factor ( K ) ranged between 0.54 - 1.06 with averaged 0.74, and relative condition factor ( Kn ) ranged between 0.76-1.15 with averaged 1.00. A significant difference in condition factor between different months was observed.

14

EVALUATION OF Calvatia craniformis MUSHROOM ACTIVITY IN TREATMENT OF RINGWORM DISEASE IN CATTLE .

Ghassan H. Jameel, Hady A. Mohammed, Khalid I. Mustaf, Kamil S. Jabor, Wala M. Shaker

Pages: 152-160 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Calvatia craniformis mushroom is used in treatment of ringworm disease in cattle . The ringworm is zoonotic disease spread via direct contact with infected animal by Trichophyton verrucosum fungus. The preparations prepared from the powder extracted by crushing the fruiting body and mixed with Vaseline to obtain three concentrations (0.25,0.5,1) % . The results in this study reveal to the concentration 1% has sidle effect on the causing agent and this is reflected by periods of clearance which reach to ( 12,8) days when the preparation is applied without curettage to the lesion and when the curettage is done and preparation is applied respectively and when they are compared with other concentrations in two cases. The statistical analysis reveals presence of significant deference (P<0.05) in the period of clearance of the lesion when we are used our preparation 1% when is compared with 1% sulfur ointment .

15

EFFECT OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATMENT ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND In vitro DIGESTIBILITY FOR DRIED CRUDE OLIVE CAKE

Shaker A. Hassan, Zayed S. Abdel-Rahman, Faisal T. Awawdeh

Pages: 161-170 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Olive cake product was treated with 4% NaOH using three levels of moisture (0, 10, and 20% of DM) and three incubation period (0, 15, 30 days) and three temperature (0, 20and 40 o C) to study the effect of NaOH treatment on in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD respectively). The results indicated that treatments had highly significant (P<0.01) in increasing in the IVDMD ,IVOMD and PH content, from 34.91,40.53 gm/Kg DM and 6.99% to 37.7,42.79 gm/Kg DM and 7.92% respectively, and highly significant effect on (P<0.01) increasing OM, from 905.43 gm/Kg DM, to 923.00 gm/Kg DM,. The levels of lignin were significantly decreased in the treated cakes (191.67 g/kg DM) compared to control (244.85 g/kg DM). The sodium hydroxide at this level enhanced both the IVDMD and IVOMD compared to the control. The best results from treatment was obtained with 20% moisture, 30 days incubation period ,40C0 temperature .The overall nutritive value of olive cake was significantly enhanced in response to sodium hydroxide treatment.

16

COMPARISON OF SOME EGG QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN LOCAL STRAINS IN IRAQ

Samawal Sadi Abdullah

Pages: 171-177 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The aim of this study is to compare some egg characteristics among three local strains chickens in Iraq (broiler dam line Fawbro ( CD ) and strains of brown (BR) and Barred (BA) ) . The eggs were collected from 75 chickens of each strain at 28 weeks age. The study included assessment of recipes egg quality as following: Egg weight (g), yolk weight(g) , yolk height ( ml. ) , Albumen weight (g) , Albumen height ( ml. ) , Shell weight , shell thickness , and from this parameters the yolk index .The result indicated that there were a significant ( p<0.01 ) effect for the genotype of the strain ( CD) in compare with strain ( BR ) and strain (BA ) in egg weight , yolk weight , albumen height , yolk ratio , albumen ratio and shell weight . while there were no significant differences among the three strains in yolk height , shell thickness and yolk index.

17

EFFECT OF UREA TREATMENT ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY FOR DRIED CRUDE OLIVE CAKE.

Shaker A. Hassan, Zayed S. Abdel-Rahman, Faisal T. Awawdeh

Pages: 178-189 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Urea treatment on the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of olive cake product .Olive cake was treated with 7.17% urea (equivalent to 3.3% Ammonia) using three moisture levels (0, 10, and 20%) The treated were incubated for 0, 15and 30 days at three incubation temperature (0, 20, 40 o C). Urea had a highly significant (p<0.01) effect on the chemical composition of olive cakes. Urea treated olive cakes had a significant increase ;In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) increased from 40.53 to 45.12% and total nitrogen ، ammonia-nitrogen (9.12and 6.75g/kg DM) compared to the untreated (1.8and 0.13 g/kg DM),respectively. The levels of lignin were significantly lower in the treated olive cakes (213.78g/kg DM) compared to control (244.85 g/kg DM). The urea treatment enhanced improved both the (IVDMD) and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) .In conclusion, The overall nutritive value of olive cakes was significantly enhanced in response to urea .The best treatment was associated with 20% moisture and 30 days incubation time and 40o C incubation temperature.

18

THE EFFECT OF INFECTION WITH WIRE WORM Haemonchus contortus ON PRODUCTIVE&IMMUNOLOGICAL TRAITS IN LOCAL SHEEP&GOATS.

ZAHID ISMAEEL Mohammed

Pages: 190-204 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance of local Awassi lambs and Black Iraqi kids for the infection by Haemonchus contortus and to find out the effect of the infection on some productive and immune parameters . Twenty lambs and kids of age 8 - 9 months were used and include 10 each .They Each kids divided in two groups (A & B) contain 6 and 4 animals respectively . The animals in groups As were infected with dose 500 larvae / kg body weight , while group B kept as control groups to evaluate egg counts in
the feces / gm ,body weight changes ,Physical characteristics of the wool and hair &. serum immunoglobulin was measured.
The results revealed the Eggs in the feces were detected at 17-21 days of the infection Lambs showed higher EPG‘s volume compared with kids along the experimental period . Significant decrease in weekly body weight of those infected lambs and kids compared with control group the infected lambs showed more significant decrease in their body weights compared with infected kids, more reduction in wool physical traits of lambs than in the hair traits of kids. Partial self cure in kids noted in infected due to lack of eggs counts in the feces and weekly gains was higher with time but the infected lambs showed only reduction in eggs count and feces. Moreover significant increase in the immunoglobulins was noticed .The change in traits were more effect in lambs than those in kids .

19

THE ADOPTION OF LIVESTOCK KEEPERS TO MODERN PRACTICES IN SOME AGRICULTURAL AREAS IN THE PROVINCE OF ANBAR .

AML AFTAN ALRAWI

Pages: 205-215 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the impact of the properties of ranchers on the degree of spread of some new practices in the field of livestock, as well as identify the rate applied to these practices of these educators and the various sources through which dissemination of such practices as well as learn how punctual they are in the application and the problems they face In this application, and also to identify the proportion of interpretation Almtgierat independent study of the variance in the dependent variable, The study was conducted in Anbar province, were selected (Karma Ark AlbuNimr him rotor) and in the presence of the extension centers. 121 educators have been randomly selected from lists of breeders. Study data were collected through personal interviews using the questionnaire, and used in the statistical analysis of data for each of the simple correlation coefficient and coefficient of multiple regression was also used in the presentation of descriptive results frequency distribution and percentages. The result showed the presence of correlation relations between the variable degree of familiarity with the ideas of technology as a dependent variable and independent variables between the study as follows: 1-A positive correlation relations at the level of potential Almtgierat (p<0.01) with the following: the educational level of farmers, the degree of media exposure, and the degree of leadership, level of forward-looking, and the degree of the pursuit of technological ideas, the level of knowledge in the field of animal husbandry. 2- Artbatitin two relations at (p<0.05) the first positive potential with a variable capacity possessory land and the other is negative with a variable age. The results of the study showed the absence of relational ties with the following variables: organizational membership, tenure and size of animal, degree of openness and geographical location. As it turns out that the independent variables relations with connectivity with the variable of the study explain approximately 38% of the variance in the dependent variable and also shows that more ideas for technological hear about is the vaccination of cattle against infectious diseases as they were the most application and a continuation of the application made by educators respondents (100%) followed by the idea of publicity milking robot by 91.7% despite the lack of implementation by educators, either the idea of artificial insemination Veuaha rate reached 87.6% and 17.36% and the application rate to continue in the application of 3.31% and the idea of early weaning was less ideas publicized (16.5%) and applied 8.26% and continue to apply 6.61%. The study showed that the main sources of four of the diffusion of innovations in descending order are the neighbors and then the unit of veterinary and agricultural extension, including extension publications, followed by radio and television, The study also showed there are seven problems in the application of the practice of vaccination and two problems in the application of the practice of artificial insemination and three problems in the application of each of the exercise Automated milking and early weaning.

20

ECONOMICAL DAMAGE OF THE RED wasp Vespa orientalis AND YELLOW WASP Polistes olivaceus ON GRAPES

QASIM H. AL-MAHDAWI, MOHAMMED A. AL-KINANI

Pages: 216-222 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The Red Wasp Vespa orientalis and yellow wasp Polistes olivaceus are hymenoptera insects present in our environment during spring and summer season. Their occurrence increase dramatically during the months of July, August and September. These wasps are found in orchards where attach grapes, figs, date and peach. they cause severe damage on both qualities and qualities of fruits. The adults of wasp chew on fruits causing severe injuries that may result in bacterial and fungal infections. In order to determine the damage caused by red and yellow wasps on grape, three grape varieties were selected: French, Kamalie and Halawani which are the most common varieties in consumer markets. The result of these experiments showed that the French variety was the most damage by wasps attack and the loss of weight was 108 % gm ⁄ cluster. The Al-Halawani was moderately elected with a loss of 71.7 gm ⁄ cluster and Al Kamali was the least with 40.0 gm ⁄ cluster of weight loss. The average attractiveness of wasps toward Al Halawani was 27.5 % and 72.4% for the red and yellow wasps respectively. However the red wasp attracted largely to the Al Kamaly variety with a 94.2 % where the yellow wasp attracted to French variety with a 89.5%. We found that the yellow wasp has an important role in damaging grape cluster of the all variety with a percent of 62.9% while the percent of red wasp was 37.1%. The difference of attractiveness between red and yellow wasps may be due to variety preference between wasps. It seems that the wasps have large role in economic loss of grape in addition to quality effect and lowering price of commodity.

21

SPACE OPTIMAL FARMS GREENHOUSES FOR CROP OPTION IN THE PROVINCE OF SALAH AL-DIN OF THE PRODUCTIVE SEASON OF 2010

Hassan Thamer al-Summary

Pages: 223-230 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This research aims to estimate the area of optimal Farms greenhouses of cucumber cultivated in the province of Salah al-Din by assessing the functions of production costs in the long run, where he was taking a stratified random sample of 60 farms with areas of varying numbers of plastic houses and spaces within one dunum, and thus were to reach the optimal size of area of 25 donm the size of production optimization achieved 35.5 tons / don, and we found also that 78% of farms the sample did not exceed the optimal size of production and this means that farmers can increase the sizes of their farms down to the size of the optimal space obtained in this study, and 5% were operating at the optimum size of production and the area should not be from these farms to expand in areas as far as to maintain this size for each of the production, area and focus on the technical aspects used in production, and 17% of the farms have exceeded the optimal size of production achieved by the use of farmers for the central heating system, and the fact that most farms with professional competence and scientific, making it less susceptible to fungal diseases and insect and their agriculture to the classes of heavy production. Thus, the net profit (Profit Net) is expected for the area best achieved 397,650,000 dinars, while the total income (Total Revenue) per acre for 40,725,000 dinars on the basis of the average price of the crop during the growing season is winter 1150 dinars. The total costs amounted to Total Costs (variable marketing) spent per don 24,919,000 dinars. Thus, the net profit Net π = TR - TC per don cultivated crop option 15,906,000 dinars, and thus we have reached that greenhouse per cultivated crop option in the farm conservation has achieved a net profit of $ 3,976,500 dinars, and this number is important for farmers which advocates a profit feasible under this type of investment backed by the state (credit farmers with loans to buy houses, plastic and without interest) and the short period of production compared to other crops.

22

THE EFFECT OF FORAGE MIXTURE AND GIBBERLIC ACID ON GREEN FORAGE YIELD AND GROWTH CHARACTERS OF BARLEY AND BERSEEM CLOVER

Nadir F. Almubarak, Adnan Y. Yousif

Pages: 231-240 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of college of Agriculture – University of Diyala during the winter season of 2009 – 2010. to study the effect of forage mixture which represent the first factor with different ratios of seeding rate – barley Hordeum vulgare L var.Ibba99 which belong to Poaceae family and berseem(Egyptian clover )Trifolium alexendrinum L var.miskawi from Fabaceae family. The mixture ratios was : 1- 75% barley + 75% berseem clover (first mixture) 2- 50% barley + 100% berseem clover (second mixture ) .The second factor was Gibberellic acid with 0.01cncentration, , and without GA3.The planting date was 15/10/2009 .The data reported for the flowing traits,Green forage yield kg/ha – Maximum height of barley plants/ cm – Maximum height of berseem plants/cm – Number of barley tillers /m2 – number of berseem stems/m2. The data were analyzed statistically with SPSS system.LSD were calculated to first. The result show that the difference in the ratio of each crops barley and berseem clover in the mixture was with clear effect in the growth characteristics ,whereas growth regulator gave increase in average of high plant and decrease of tillers to each crop in the mixture , while the speed of green fodder growth increased witch conducted to effect the forage yield positively , the use of second mixture gave heights increase in average of green forage yield to all cutting which reached to44.4% , 42.4% , 33.3% , 27,5% respectively , while the second mixture with growth regulator gave high increase in average of green forage yield which reached to 71% , 66.8% , 51.3% to the first three cutting respectively.

23

EFFECT OF CUTTING AND BRONAMID HERBICIDE ON GROWTH AND SEED YIELD OF ALFALFA Medicago Sativa .L AND DODDER Cuscuta sp.

Salim Hommadi Anter, Thiab Ahmad Kassim

Pages: 241-249 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The experiment was carried out during 2008/2009 season at Al-Rashidia (15 km north Mosuel) , in alfalfa field more than 2 year old . The experiment included two factors : the first height at cutting of alfalfa plants and the second using or not of Bronamid herbicide with concentration (3 kg commercial matter ). Randomized complete Block Design was used with three replication .Data recorded for plant height , number of branches per plant , dry plant yield , dry weight , leaf area , seed yield , protein percent , and dry weight of Chinese dodder and dodder of alfalfa through cutting and harvest periods , and analyzed statistically according to the method of the design used .The differences between means tested by Duncan multiple range test . The result showed that high cutting (5cm) surpass low cutting (1 cm) for plant height , number of branches per plant dry weight , in addition to weight of Chinese dodder and dodder of alfalfa through cutting and harvesting periods . There was non significant differences between the two cutting height for dry plant yield . The lower cutting surpass higher one for leaf area , seed yield and protein percent . Non significant effects of using Bronamid was reported for all studied characters .

24

THE EFFECT OF ANIMAL MANURE AND SULPHUR ON SOME SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES , GROWTH AND YIELD OF BROAD BEAN Vicia faba UNDER SALINE CALCAREOUS SOIL CONDITION

Taha A. Alwan, Adnan A. Jasim, Luay D. Ferhan

Pages: 250-261 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Field experiment was conducted in silty clay alluvial calcareous salo orthid soil. Broad bean ( Vicia faba ), Spanish cultivar was grown during winter season 2009-2010, three animal manure levels ( Sheep residues ) 0,4 and 8 tons ha-1 and three sulphur % 98 treatments (0,2 and 4 ton ha-1) were used .Randomized Complete Black design in Factorial experiment was followed . The results indicated to positive effect of both animal manure and sulphur application on some soil physical properties . Soil bulk density was reduced at two animal manure levels 4and8 ton ha-1 and sulphur fertilization treatments 2and 4ton ha-1 non significantly. Meanwhile, water infiltration rate increased significantly at the above treatments of animal manure, sulphur and their interaction . The results indicated that some plant growth properties like plant height and No. of tillers / plant increased significantly and vegetative dry matter / plant non significantly as a response for the above treatments. On the other hand, some yield parameters namely , mean weight of pods/plant , weight of 1000 grains, total yield and pure total weight of grains per hectare were increased significantly under a favorable treatments under investigation . However , maximum grain yield reached about 2457 kgha-1 at the interactive treatment ( 8 ton animal manure + 4 tons sulphur ha-1) .The results did not indicate to an important increase in mean grain weight/ mean total pod weight ratio as well as in No. of pods/plant. From the above results it can be deduced that both of sheep residues and sulphur are considered to be a good sources for plant nutrition and to improve the physical , chemical of soil properties .

25

THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL EXPLOITATION ON THE MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF SOME SOIL OF IRAQS WESTERN DESERT OASES .

AbdulKarem Ahmed Al-Alwany, Ali Hussian Al-Bayati

Pages: 262-275 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The objective of the present study is to identify the effect of agricultural exploitation on the mineralogical composition of the three oases in the western region of Iraq: Oasis Kilometer 98 (O98) and Oasis Okachiti (OK) and Oasis Fahida (OF),all located within the same unit formative. One pedon at each unit has been chosen by agricultural use with pedon control on within each unit, were classified soils to the level of series, Soil samples collected from each horizon ,dried and separated to silt fractions were examined by Xray reflection .Results showed that: 1 - for the silt mineral the superiority sequences of metals were as follows: Quartz > Feldspar> Chlorite > Vermiculite >Kaolinite . 2 - To study the mineralogical composition of clay showed the rule of palygorskite metal followed lllite > Chlorite > Kaolinite. 3 -The chemical weathering in these soils was in their initial stages and the low rates of smectite group formation despite the availability of appropriate conditions to be configured as compared with Vermiculite metal. 4 - The nature of the farming system and agricultural exploitation have not clear influence the proportions of minerals and sovereignty.

26

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PLOWING METHODS AND IRRIGATION PERIODS ON SOME SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES UNDER CROP GROWING OF CORN PLANT

Deia A. Mohammed, Khaled M . Mugbel

Pages: 276-291 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was Conducted in clay loam soil to investigate the effect of different plowing methods and irrigation periods on some soil physical properties under growing of corn plant. Three different plowing methods were used , namely conventional , minimum, and no-tillage. Surface water irrigation method was used in the experiment. Irrigation water was cut after 4 , 8 , 12 weeks of Planting .water requirement was calculated before and after irrigation. The results showed that bulk density and soil water content reduced significantly by Plowing . Conventional tillage caused decreasing on bulk density and soil penetration resistance comparing with minimum and no-tillage . Infiltration rate and hydraulic conduction increased by using conventional tillage . Growth of corn had significant effect on bulk density, soil resistant, and mean weight diameter in the end of the growth season comparing with the beginning of the season.

27

RESPONSE OF SUGER CANE Saccharum officinarum L. TO THE WEEDS CONTROL BY HERBICIDES AND ITS EFFECT ON GROWTH AND YIELD .

Nadir F. Almubarak, Fayiq Tawfiq Al-Chalabi

Pages: 292-302 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

One experiment was conducted in the farm of the General Company for sugar in Missan during 2001 to investigate the effects of herbicides on sugar cane Saccharum officinarum L. growth and stems yield and control companion weeds. To control weeds by herbicide was carried out using bentazone, paraquat, fluazifop-butyl, glyphosate, bentazone M. Complete Randomized Block Design was used with the experiment with three replications. The results showed that:- 1. application of paraquat caused a reduction in plant heights, number of green leaves and increases the number of tillers, the number of milling stems and total stems yield. Application of glyphosate or fluazifop-butyl increased the plant heights and stem diameter but reducing the number of green leaves.
2. Application of herbicides such as paraquat or glyphosate or fluazifopbutyl led to lowest weed densities which were 35.6 , 48.6 and 59.3 plant /m2 respectively and achieved greater percentage of weed control represented 58 , 42.7 and 30.1 % respectively

28

EFFET OF SCIONS TREATMENT PERIOD WITH GROWTH REGULATORS NAA , BA ON GROWTH OF BUDDED ORANGE ON SOUR ORANGE ROOTSTOCK

Salih A. Abdulwahab, Tarif Hashem Brism, Adnan Jabbar Fahd

Pages: 303-312 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was carried at Al-Hindya horticultural station \ Kerbela during the season 2008-2009 to find out the effect of local orange scion treatment with 100 mg \l-1 NAA and 75 mg\l-1 BA and (100 mg\l-1 NAA +75 mg\ l-1 BA ) and control for 3 dipping periods(5 , 10 and 15 minutes ) on the percentage of budding success and the root and vegetative growth characters of the budded seedlings . Sour orange seedlings were used as rootstocks . using RCBD , with three replicates . The results were summarized as follow : - 1- Higher budding success percentage were obtained with treatment of buds by (NAA+BA ) at (100 +75) mg \ l-1 gave (93.39% ) as compared with control (65.55 % ) . The treatment with BA gave 84.44 % , while there was decrease due to NAA (46.16 % ) as compared with the other treatments . 2- the treatment (100 mg\l-1 NAA + 75 mg \ l-1 BA ) showed significant increased in most studied the vegetative and roots characters . 3- Treatment with NAA at 100 mg\l-1 resulted in significant increase in the vegetative and roots characters . 4- Dipping of scions in the growth regulators at 15 minuets period caused of a significant increase the vegetative and root characters . while 5 minuets period gave the lowest means of the characters studied .

29

CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLD DAMAGE AND PLANTS EXTRACT ON THE FRUITS SURFACE LOCAL ORANGES

Ghalib Naser Al-Shamary, Sabah Mohammad Jamil

Pages: 313-320 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study was conducted in the cold storage unit of the Department of Horticulture College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad for two seasons 2003 and 2004 local orange Citrus sinensis. L. Obtained from trees 15 years old inlaid on the origin of Bitter Orange, near the city of Baquba, the manual harvesting using scissors to cut the holder of the fruit with the level of the crust when the stage of full coloring on the first of January. fruit dipped in extract from the plant dill , Anethum graveolens L. Concentration of 40%, the seeds dill 5%, garlic Alliam sativum L. 2 and 4%, mint, Mentha longifolia L 20 and 40%, fungal pesticide Toposin 0.5 g / liter and the treatment of individual packaging of fruits as well as treatment of comparison, the fruit stored in a cold store mechanical refrigeration at a temperature of 4 ± 1 m and a relative humidity 8085%. Factorial experiments were carried out in the design of CRD Three replicates and the weight of 5 kg per duplicate, and averages were compared on the basis of less significant difference LSD The level of risk 5%. The results showed that damage to cold led to the reduction of the thickness of layers Flavedo and albedo and the proportion of the reduced sugars in fruits of orange rind and led to increase the content of the crust affected by phenols. Maintained transactions Dill seed 5%, Garlic 4% at the highest rate in the proportion of sugars and reduced transaction Dill 40% Garlic 4% and Mints 20% of the content of the crust from phenols. In the affected parts of the crust of transactions maintained Cling film ,Garlic 2% and 4% and Mints 40% at the highest thickness of Flavido less transactions miaintained cling film and Mints 40% at the highest thickness of the albedo and transactions Garlic4% and Dill seeds 5% at the highest rate of reductive sugars, and less content of phenols in transactions Mints 20%, Dill 40% and Garlic 4% .

30

EFFECT OF N , P AND K FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH OF TWO CORN VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT SALINITY LEVELS .

Abed Sarab Hussain

Pages: 321-330 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Pot experiment was conducted in Al_Mussaib Technical College to study the effect of N, P and K fertilizers on growth of two corn varieties Neilum 301 and Bihooth 106 grown under different salinity levels. Dry matter of corn plant was increased by all N, P and K treated. Salinity levels of 0.5 meq/100 g also increased the yield. High levels of salinity invariably lowered the yield of dry matter of both varieties of corn. Ash percentage of the plant materials increased with P and K applications and with increasing level of salinity of the soil. Increasing the level of N in the soil caused some decrease in the ash content of the plant materials. Nitrogen percent in plant material increased with N and P application. Likewise, P percentage increased with N and P applications while it was not affected by potash. In general, both the varieties behaved similarly under the soil and environmental conditions provided during the period of the experiment.

31

NEW VIRUSES RECORDED ON WHEAT AND BARLEY CROPS IN NINEVEH PROVINCE

Nabil A. Qassim, Fadel Youssef Abbou

Pages: 331-344 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was achieved to detect the viruses of wheat and barley in Nineveh province and because there is no any diagnostic study of these viruses. The study include field survey for some wheat and barley fields in province in 2005 and 2006 seasons to obtain infected samples which diagnosed by Tissue Blot Immuno Assay (TBIA) test and to collect samples of weeds associated with these crops to detect any viruses in it. The results proved the existence of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) on barley and wheat crops in Al-Hamdaniyah and Tilkeif districts (Nineveh Province) during the growing season in 2005, by using TBIA. Also the existence of Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) and the previous viruses during the growing season in 2006 by using the slide agglutination test. Some of these viruses are recorded firstly in Iraq. The results declared the existence of (BYDV) on weeds: Avena fatua, Polypogon monspeliensis, Sorghum halpense. As well as the existence of (BYSMV) on A. fatua , S. halpense ,Lolium temulentum, and the existence of (WSMV) on A. fatua, L. temulentum, Phalaris minor, and the existence of (WDV) on S. halpense only. These viruses were recorded firstly on weeds in Iraq. The study indicates that the viruses (BYDV, BYSMV, BSMV, WSMV and WDV) were not transmitted in wheat and barley seeds.

32

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON SOME SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L).

Shaima’a Sami Dawood

Pages: 357-363 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different tillage systems on some soil physical properties and its effect on growth and yield wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Randomized Complete Block Design was with three replicates. The treatments consist of three tillage systems: 1. no tillage system 2. Mold board plow + Rotivator plow 3. Mold board plow + Grader + Subsoiler. The results showed superiority of tillage treatments upon no tillage system in reducing bulk density. Mold board plow + Rotivator plow recorded (1.37, 1.40 and 1.45) M gm.m-3, and Mold board plow + Grader + Subsoiler treatment recorded (1.35, 1.39 and 1.42) M gm.m-3 at stages of tillering, flowering and physiological maturity، respectively in compression with no tillage which recorded (1.41, 1.45 and 1.52) M gm.m-3 at the same growth stages. Tillage treatments recorded the highest values of Saturated hydraulic conductivity at tillering and flowering stages; Mold board plow + Rotivator plow recorded (2.31 and 2.71) cm.h-1 and Mold board plow + Grader + Subsoiler treatment recorded (2.52 and 3.84) cm.h-1 whereas no tillage treatment recorded (1.96 and 1.82) cm.h-1 respectively. The results showed a significant increase in plant growth characters including: number of spikes, grains per spike and plant yield by using Mold board plow + Grader + Subsoiler treatment. The results refer that the treatment of Mold board plow + Grader + Subsoiler gave the best soil physical properties and best wheat yield there was no significant differentness between zero – tillage and moldboard and motivate treatment .

33

EFFECT OF INFECTION BY THE OLIVE BUD MITE Aceria oleae (Nalepa) AND THE OLIVE RUST MITE Tegolophus hassani (Keifer) ON SOME CHARACTERS GROWTH VEGETATION OF OLIVE NURSERIES AND THE EFFICACY CONTROL OF SOME ACARICIDES ON THEIR Field Experiment was conducted

Halah Kadhem AL-Joboory, Redha S. AL-Jorany

Pages: 364-372 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Field Experiment was conducted at Al-Zafarania station /Baghdad Provenance through 2009 to determine the effect of infection by the olive bud mite Aceria oleae (Nalepa) and the olive rust mite Tegolophus hassani (Keifer) on some character growth vegetation of olive nurseries. The results of mite infection on some character growth of olive nurseries (plant height, branching number, length of branching), showed that two species of the Eriophyid Mites had an effect on plant height, branching number, length of branching in the treated nurseries by Abamectin 1.8% EC and were better growing comparing with untreated nurseries and its superiority on the untreated plants. The efficacy control of some Acaricides(Envidor 240 SC , Ortus 5% SC, Bye Bye 20 EC, King bow 24ES and Abameictin1.8% EC) were a high sufficiency in controlling the mites and gave longer protection duration for the plants. It is continued to control the mite after 21 days from treatment, amounting (99.83, 94.43, 100, 100 and 97.34) % after 21 days from treatment successively.

34

EVALUATION AN INJECT SEED WEED COTROL HERBICDE EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE UNDER SOIL SURFACE USING TREFLAN

Abdulrazzak A. Jasim, Saif Ahmad Rudhan

Pages: 373-382 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The experiment was conducted in the fields of college of Agriculture Abou Gharib university of Baghdad during the spring season 2008 to know the effect the open type and the mixture nature and the depth of fighting by using Altarlafan annihilator on Drifting percentage and percentage of inhabiting weed growth, average consumption of fuel , the slippage percentage. Using the design of dividing laths by fourth repetition, the open type of the main laths (flabelliform, conical) while the depth spraying of sub-laths has taken (10.5.0) cm. and the results were as follows: The flabelliform open gives the highest percentage of Drifting percentage 67.1% and percentage of inhabiting weed growth 66.7% .The treatment of spraying depth gives 5cm the highest percentage of Drifting percentage 75.5% and the percentage of percentage of inhabiting weed growth 67.3% it succeed on the surf ace spray with 28.2% and 30.5% , consequently , while, the slippage percentage and average consumption of fuel by spray depth where gives spray depth on 10 cm the highest average for these specifications which were 10.6% , 54.0% liter Hiktar .Hour . The treat of flabelliform open with the spray depth gives 5 cm the highest average in the Drifting percentage 76.8% for percentage of inhabiting weed growth77.9% . Increasing depths of control from surfacial to 5 cm depth led to a decrease of fuel consumption , slippage percentage , inhibiting percentage and control ratio , where the lightest record of control ratio was 75.55% , while increasing the depth from 5 cm down to 10 cm led to decrease control ratio from 75.55 to 68.60% besides , decreasing weed inhibiting percentage, fuel consumption , and slippage percentage . Double interaction between aperture type and sprinkling depth led to an increase in slippage percentage , fuel consumption , while the percentage of weed growth inhibitors and control were increased in the interaction of aperture type with depth of surficial and 5 cm of sprinkling and decreased at 10 cm sprinkling depth.

35

INTERACTION BETWEEN TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AND BIO FERTILIZATION AND THEIR EFFECT ON MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN SOIL RHIZOSPHER OF WHEAT PLANTS .

Faris M. Suhail, Ismail Khalil Al-Samarrai

Pages: 383-395 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Bacterial ( Azotobacter chroococcum ) and fungal (Glomus mosseae) fertilizers were used to inoculated the seeds of wheat plants with two levels of NPK in the presence and absent of biopesticied ( Trichoderma harzianum ) to study the interactive effect on the growth of ( A. chroococcum ) , spores number , percentage of roots infection of (G,mosseae ) and colony forming unit of ( T . harzianum ) . The result showed that application of biopesticied (T.harzianum ) markedly increased the cell number of A.chroococcum the percentage of roots infection the spores number and cuf of T.harzianum at all treatment of currant experiment . The highest values of biological properties were achieved with a dual inoculation of ( G. mosseae + A. chroococcum ) . increasing the fertilization recommendation from 50% to 100% NPK markedly decreased the values of all biological properties. The interaction of non pathogenic microorganism in this study were positive and their effect on each other were stimulated .

36

ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.) BY HALF DIALLEL CROSSING .

Fakhradeen A. Sedeeq, Louay Nahar Bank

Pages: 396-407 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Six inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) were studied planted (W13R , IK8 , IK58 , AGR183 , R153 and OH40) to attain hybridization program of (Half – Diallel Cross). The research included 21 genotypes (6 parents + 15 hybrids) grown in fields of Agriculture College / Tikrit university in Autumn season of (2008) by using RCBD design with three replications , to study heterosis and combining ability for characters (number of days to male and female flowering , plant height , ear height , leaf area , number of plant ears , number of ear rows , number of row grains , number of ear grains , weight of 300 grains , shattering rate and individual plant yield . The research showed that there were significantly differences at 1% level for all characters except date of male and female flowering characters which showed signification differences at 5% level only , also showed that the hybrids (W13R×IK58) , (W13R×OH40) , (IK8×IK58) and (AGR183×R153) showed desired heterosis for most characters studied as compared with mid parents . Two parents (W13R and AGR183) showed good and desired general combining ability , while the hybrids (W13R×IK58) , (W13R×OH40) , (IK8×IK58) and (AGR183×R153) were showed high and good desired specific combining ability in most of the studied characters

37

GENOTYPIC, PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS IN COTTON.

Layla I. Mohammed, Abd-Aljelil Al-Marsoomi

Pages: 408-422 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Field experiment was carried out at State Board for Agricultural Researches. The objectives were to study genotypic and phenotypic correlations and path coefficient analysis for eighteen characters included growth, yield and its components, and fiber quality traits for 9 varieties (Marsoomi-4, Ashur-1, Abu Ghraib-5, Cocker-310, Lashata, Kafco-1, Pamir, Rabia-122, Pac-cot- 189) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), its crosses and reciprocal crosses. The traits for 72 single crosses and 9 parents were tested during 2002 using partially balanced Triple Lattice Design with three replications. Results of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient correlation values were obtain for lint yield with seed cotton (0.933 and 0.914 respectively), number of open bolls (0.559 and 0.546 respectively), number of sympodial, seed index, plant height, and recently fineness. path coefficient analysis revealed that plant lint yield and number of open bolls obtain highest positive direct effect in seed cotton were 0.947 and 0.402 respectively then number of seeds per boll and highest positive indirect effect through lint yield. Can be conclude to use lint yield and number of open yield as a selection criteria because it gave highly positive genetic correlation and highly direct effect depending upon results of genotypic and phenotypic correlations and path coefficient analysis.

38

INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION TERMINATION TIMES AND VINES DESICCATION METHODS ON QUANTITATIVE AND PERCENTAGE OF SKINNED POTATO TUBERS .

Sabeeh A. AL-Hamdany, Mohammed Qassem Al-Jubouri

Pages: 423-434 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A study was conducted during the spring seasons of 2001 and 2002 years on potato tubers ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Desiree cv. (class-A). Potato seeds were planted on Jan. 16 and 17 for the two seasons respectively . The experiment included 21 treatments resulted from three times of terminating irrigation which they were 12, 8 and 4 days before the date of lifting tubers, beside seven vines desiccation methods: 8 days by hand, 8 days by gramoxone, 4 days by hand, 4 days by gramoxone, 2 days by hand, 2 days by gramoxone and by hand directly before tubers lifting as (control). Quantitative characteristics were recorded after lifting tubers. No significant effects of the times of terminating irrigation was detected on each of the:- number of tubers / plant, individual plants yield, marketable yield and total yield for both seasons, whereas terminating irrigation 8 days before lifting potato tubers significantly reduced the percentage of skinning tubers to 54.76%. However, terminating irrigation 4 days before tuber lifting significantly increased this percentage to 66.07% for the first season. As far as vines desiccation is concerned the results indicated that hand cutting 4 days before tubers lifting caused a significant increased in the average number of tubers/plant to 10.43, plant yield to 0.66 kg/plant, marketable yield to 7.58 ton/donum and the total yield to 8.28 ton/donum in a comparison with the gramoxone desiccation 8 days before tuber lifting which resulted in a significant decreased in the number of tubers/plant to 8.20, plant yield to 0.50 kg/plant, marketable yield to 5.74 ton/donum and the total yield to 6.25 ton/donum in the first season. In the second season, on the other hand , cutting method of vines directly before tuber lifting time significantly increased the plant yield to 1.25 kg/plant, marketable yield to 14.77 ton/donum and total yield to 15.62 ton/donum. In the contrast, the gramoxone killing method of vine 4 days before tubers lifting significantly reduced the plant yield to 1.05 km/plant, marketable yield to 11.93 ton/donum and total yield to 13.17 ton/donum. It is important to say that the vines cutting by hand 8 days before tubers lifting time, significantly decreased the percentage of skinned tubers to 29.96% as compared with the hand vine cutting 2 days before lifting time which was significantly increased this percentage to 53.25%.

39

INFLENCE OF TYPE OF FIELD AND AGRICULTURAL PRACTIES OF LENTIL ON WEED SEED BANK IN SOIL

Ahmed M. Sultan, Mohieddin Mowaffaq Al-Attar

Pages: 435-441 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Weed seed bank study was carried out to determine the influences of different method of weed control in lentil on viable weed seed numbers soil at Talkief and Namrood locations in Naniva province during growing season 2008-2009. Soil samples had taken from two phase, the first phase with soil tested from samples under supplementary and rainfall area and from agricultural road side. The second phase, soil samples were tested at harvest time from the lentil experiment had three factors. Tillage system (no till. , no till. + Gramaxon, no till. + Glyphosate, conventional till.), Seed rate (100, 120 ,140 kg/ha) and irrigation system (rainfall, supplementary). The results showed that there were high significant difference in seed bank between the two phase of soil testing samples. The seed bank was much higher before the lentil experiment was planted than at harvesting time (second stage). In the first stage: seed bank was much higher at Talkief than at the AL-Namrood location. Agricultural road side typically have a higher population (more than twice) of weed seed at Talkief than at AL Namrood location. In the second stage, it can be confirmed that the lowest number of weed seed bank in soil had seen in NT + Gramoxone and in CT. at the two locations . On other hand , increasing seeding rates of lentil crop at Talkief location potentially reducing weed seed bank , but this results was unlikely in Namrood location which showed an opposite pattern with seeding rate at (140 kg/ha). In dry land farming the seed bank was much lees than at supplementary irrigation in the two locations, which reached up to 14.6% , 83.6% in Talkief and Namrood location respectively. The lower value of viable weed seeds bank noticed in the treatment of (CT x Supp. irrg. x 140 kg/ha) at Talkief location. Where as the lowest value at AL-Namrood location obtained at (NT x Supp. irrg. x 100 kg/ha) treatment. The percentage reduction in the two location were 85.4% and 98.1% at Talkief and Namrood respectively.

40

EVALUATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE ,AND GROWTH AND YIELD TRAITS FOR CULTIVARS OF FIELD PEAS( Pisum sativum L.) PLANTED UNDER RAIN FED AREAS

Abdulsattar Asmair Alrijabo

Pages: 442-450 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study evaluated drought tolerance for five new cultivars of Field Peas(Pisum sativum L.) introduced from ICARDA for the first time to rain fed areas in Iraq and planting them in 3different environmental locations(Alqush ,Telkief MRA and Mosul MRA ). Because the 2009 season is drought season the only location realized the complete results for studied traits is Alqush location which classified as High Rainfall Area , despite this season we get only(210mm)which is less than half of yearly mean precipitation. Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD was used in this experiment with 3 Replicates each Rep. 5 square meter, the Morphological & productivical traits for the fifth cultivars studied to know which cultivar from the 5 cultivars was suitable for rain fed planting in Ninevah governorate. The results indicate that the cv. Local check was superior in , pod length 8.33 cm ,width 16.37 mm and thickness 8.53 mm, and in no. seeds in pod 7.67, seed diameter 8.60 mm and weight of 1000 seeds 200.8gm . In productivical traits the cv.s Dunwa and Local check have significant values in dry seeds yield 143.2 & 142.8 gm in square meter and 358.0 & 357.0 kg in Iraqi Donum(2500 m2)respectively , the cv. Dunwa was superior in no. seeds 1204.0 in square meter , the cv. Kaspa was the only cv. Who have the highest significant values in straw weight 427.85 gm in square meter and 1098.63 kg in Iraqi Donum, but he was the last cv. in other morphological and yield component traits. This positive results for this crop even under drought season make this crop a promising crop to be alternate of some other legumes crops in rain fed area like chickpea and lentil.

41

EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE SULFUR UNDER FLOOD AND DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON A VAILABILITY AND UPTAKE OF PHOSPHOURS ELEMENT AND GROWTH OF CAULIFLOWER (Brassica olerarcea L.).

Mohammed O. Sallum, Salam Z. Ali

Pages: 457-567 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at the agriculture season 2003-2004 in Amiria Region at Al-Anbar governorate in a silty loam soil which classified series Typic – Torrifluvent with silty loam texture. Randomly Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used for split unit experiment to study the effect of sulfur levels additions in some soil and plant characteristics under flood and drip irrigation system. contained five levels of sulfur (S0 , S1 , S2 , S3 , S4) and two irrigation system (Drip , flood) in three replicate (3 x 2 x 5) . The results showed that : A significant effect of sulfur levels addition and irrigation system in : * Increasing phosphorous availability in soil and the level(4 mecagram sulfur. hectar-1) achieved highest quantity of available phosphorus (16.96 , 18.20 mg.kg-1 soil) for flood and drip irrigation system respectively . * Increasing Phosphorous uptake in plant curds and the level (3 mecagram sulfur. hectar-1) achieved highest quantity of phosphorous uptake (28.1 , 37.0 kg.hectar-1) to flood and drip irrigation system respectively. * Increasing dry matter product , and the level (3 mecagram sulfur. hectar-1) achieved highest dry matter yield (4.81 , 5.69 megagram.hectar-1) to flood and drip irrigation system respectively). * Increasing wet yield , and the level (3 mecagram sulfur. hectar-1) achieved highest wet yield (68.7 , 73.3 mecagram . hectar-1) to flood and drip irrigation system respectively.

42

EXTENSION SERVICES AND ACTIVITIES THAT IS FOREWORD OWNERS GROVES OF DECIDUOUS AND ENDURING FRUITS IN DEVELOPMENT A NEW AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER AREA IN SOME REGIONS OF KURDISTAN CANTON

Ashwaq Abdul–Razzaq Naji, Mahera Abdul–Krem Haseeb

Pages: 468-478 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The aims of the Research is to diagnosing the Extension services and Activities fact that is foreword groves owners of deciduous and enduring fruits in development Transfer area in some regions of Kurdistan canton . and determine the Extension Agricultural problems that is suffering it the owners groves . A random Stratus field Sample was chooser at %14 the volume of the sample was 90researchers . 87 researchers from ALsuliamania area and 3 researchers from garemian area . questionnaire from is used as a research in strument to collect data and interview method . the questionnaire was consist of three parts , the first part have the independent verablesas , Age , income , Agricultural experience , level of learning . While the Second part was measuring the level of extension services and activities by quinary measurement consist of 26 items . The range of the degree between 0-104 degree . The high degree was 91 and the low degree was zero . The third part have the problems that Suffering from it the groves owners . Research results showed there is a low level of the Extension services and activities foreword groves owners , in addition theirs no correlation relation between the level of Extension services and activities and each independent variables . The research recommended to solve the standing the efforts and Extension activities that it forward to groves owners in transfer technologies area , in addition contributing the helping and the backed for the groves owners from government of the regions .

43

INHERITANCE OF GRAIN YIELD AND IT'S COMPONENTS IN TRIALLEL MAIZE POPULATION.

Khalid M. Dawod, Ahmed Hawas Abdullah

Pages: 479-490 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The inbred lines of maize ZM47W, ZM7, W13R, Agr183, OH40, ZM19R and ZP and all single and three-way crosses among them were used in this study. The seeds of genotypes (7 lines, 21 single crosses and 105 three-way crosses) were planted in the 1st of April 2009 at Al-Rahmania region, near Mosul University, using randomized complete block design with three replications, to estimate variances and effects of all kinds of general and specific combining abilities for three-way hybrids, and to determine genetic performance which controls the inheritance of grain yield per plant and its components (ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per ear and 100-grain weight) using variance components from single and three-way crosses analysis. The analysis of variance results for 3-way hybrids showed the presence of additive and non additive effects for all studied characters. The inbred lines ZM47W, Agr183 and ZP characterized by significant desirable general combining ability as parents or grand parents, and the hybrid (ZM47W x W13R) x ZM19R higher specific combining ability for grain yield per plant. Dominant genetic variance values were high as compared with additive one for all characters, indicating the more importance of dominant gene actions in controlling its inheritance. Narrow sense heritability was moderate for all characters that ranged between 33.47% for grain yield per plant and 52.75% for number of grain per row, and average degree of dominance exceeded one for all characters indicating over dominance. It was concluded that the suitable breeding method can be used to improve these characters, may be the production of hybrid varieties or recurrent selection for specific combining ability effect.

44

TRYING TO ROOTING DATE PALM HIGH OFFSHOOTS USING (IBM ) GROWTH REGULATOR

Nabil Ibrahim Abdul-wahab, Raad Taha Blakat

Pages: 491-495 English

Full Text Issues

45

THE QUALITY OF UNTREATED INDUSTRIAL WASTERWATER AND THEIR IMPACT ON YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS OF FIVE GENOTYPES OF WHEAT

Khalid KH. Ahmed, waleed M. Alabdraba, Khalid saeed abduallah, Husain Ali Hindi

Pages: 496-503 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Experiment was performed in the district HAWIJA - Kirkuk in winter 2007 for the purpose of studying the impact of industrial wastewater and water discharged from the North Oil Company, compared with fresh water on the yield and its components of five genotypes of wheat, soft (Ebba 99 - Sham 6 - Maxibak - Iraq - Abu Ghraib 3). The results showed that the quality of irrigation water have shown significant differences for all studied traits and the level of risk 1%, except for a recipe that the length of spike was different at the level of 5% difference did not reach the high status plant to the extent of moral statistics. As different varieties differ significantly and the level of a probability of 1% of all traits except plant height, two strands along the spike, which was not significantly different and the overlap between the items and irrigation water (species * water for irrigation) and on the moral level of a probability of 1% of the number of strands in ears and is taking place and at the level of 5 % for property ear number / plant and number of grains / ear and 1000-grain weight was not significantly different to the characteristics of plant height, ear long. Class Ebba 99 showed a clear advantage in all qualities and moral difference, followed by Sham 6 and Abu Ghraib showed a clear decline and moral qualities in all the remaining items compared to the rest of the items was a compromise between that of wastewater has shown superior in all qualities and moral difference.

46

USING GIBBERELLIC ACID ( GA3) FOR INDUCING MALE STERELITY IN SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Dawood Selman AL-Obaidy

Pages: 504-510 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Agricultural field experiment was carried out to study effect of Gibberellic acid treatments(0,150,300and450ppm)on two Safflower genotypes(Al-Mais and Jordanian)for inducing male sterility in safflo-Factorial randomized -wer at the field belong to Agriculture college. completely block design with three replications was used Data recorded for: Plant height, number of seeds\ capitula, seed coat percentage for coated and on coated flowers and germination percentage of treated non coated flowers. Result showed Gibberellic Acid significantly increased plant height for the two genotypes while significant reduction took place in percent of seeds\capitula (93.42 95.01and 90.42%for 150,300and 450ppm respectively comparison with control treatment for coated flowers .No differences were shown between number of hybrid seeds of uncoated treated flowers and control treatments for the studied genotypes. Although GA3 increased thickness of seed coat but did not affect on germination percentage without higher concentration (450ppm) therefore 150ppm ofGA3regarding adequate for inducing male sterelity in Safflower.

47

EFFECT OF SEEDLING AGE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOME RICE CULTIVAR

Ahmed Shehab Almashhadani, Alaa Aldeen A. Aljobori

Pages: 511-528 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A field experiment with two factors was carried out at the Rice Research station in Al-Mishkab during 2008 and 2009 seasons to study the effect of seedling age on growth and yield of some rice cultivars. The design was split plot with RCBD arrangement in four replicates. , cultivars (Anber33, Alyasmeien, and Alfourat1) were in the main plots, while seedlings ages (20, 27, 34, and 41) day occupied the sub plots. Statistical analysis showed that the early seedlings ages i.e.(20 and 27)day led to a significant increase in the leaf area index (LAI), dry matter (DM), crop growth rate (CGR) at different growth periods, and paddy yield (4.833 and 4.945) t.h-1 in firest season and (4.34 and 4.29)t.ha-1 in second season compared with two late ages (34 and 41) day, However a significant reduction of net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), was found in these two early ages . Cultivars showed significant differences in most studied characters . local cultivar Anber33 gave highest values LAI, DM, CGR, and paddy yield (4.759 t.h-1) in firset season which never significant differences with fourat1(4.526t.ha-1).It could be concluded that seedlings transplanted in the ages of (20 and 27) day which is one of the characteristics of SRI gave highest paddy yield due to the increases in the growth characteristics.

48

RESPONSE OF LOCAL ORANGE TREES TO SHADDING AND SPRAYS OF SOME NUTRIENNTS , GROWTH REGULATORS AND ANTITRNSPIRANTS UNDER DIYALA CONDETIONS

Ayad Assi OBAID, DAWOOD ABDULLA DAWOOD

Pages: 529-543 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was conducted in unshaded locale orange orchard located in Diyala Province during the years of 2003 and 2004 . Afoliar sprays at full bloom from Urea (2%), Iron ( 150 mg/L) , Copper (50 mg/L), GA3 ( 30 mg/L), BA (20 mg/L) , (GA3+BA) (30+20 mg/L), Vapor gard (0.1%), Wax-Oil (Liquid paraffin) (0.1%) were used and shading .The objectives of this treatment was to determine the effect of these treatments on yield and fruit quality , and fruit growth in 2004 . A randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replications , The results of this study can be summarized as follows : Shading and Liquid paraffin treatments slowed fruit growth after full bloom by 100 day up to ripening . while treatments Vapor gard increased fruit growth after full bloom by 100 day up to ripening. Urea, BA , GA3, and Liquid paraffin treatments increased fruit number and yield weight / tree for the two years of study during 2003, (GA3 + BA ) treatments increased fruit number and weight, and in 2004 , Vapor gard treatments increased fruit number and weight. Urea and (GA3 + BA) treatments increased total soluble solids ( T.S.S) percentage for the two years of study . Fe , CuSO4 and GA3 treatments increased T.S.S during 2003 only .Urea, Paraffin, BA, and Vapor gard treatments increased Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C ) in 2003. Urea and Fe treatments increased Vitamin C in 2004. Urea, Fe, paraffin , Vapor gard, and BA treatments increased total sugars in 2003 . Urea , Fe , GA3 , and (GA3 + BA) treatments increased non reducing sugar in 2003 .

49

RESPONSE OF Rosa damascena TO MAGNETIZED WATER AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION

Sami K. Mohammad, Jovani G. Aziz, Abdul Kareem A. Mohammed

Pages: 544-557 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

An experiment on the effect of magnetized water and phosphorus fertilization on vegetative growth and flowering of Rosa damascena was carried out from April 2009 to Nov. 2009. Regular or magnetized water with 500 gauss of magnetic field were used in plants irrigation. Phosphorus levels tested were 0, 20 or 40 g/l. Results could be summarized as follows: Magnetized water improved the growth and flowering of plants. Plant height 69.65 cm , branch diameter 3.86 cm , Number of leaves/plant 100.25, leaves area 89.38 cm2, chlorophyll content 465.5 mg/m2, vegetative dry weight 15.50 g, percentages of N , P , K were 1.83%, 2.92%, 2.26% respectively. Number of flower/plant (6.73), flower diameter (12.8 cm), flowering period (9.13 day), vase life (11.44 day) and flowers dry weight (25.98 g) were increased as well. Phosphorus at 20 g/l was more effective on increasing no. of branches/plant (12.04), branch diameter (3.65 cm), no. of flowers/plant (6.75) and vase life (10.25 day). While 40 g/l was superior on enhancing plant height (64.96 cm), no. of leaves/plant (109.08), leaves area (83.04 cm2), chlorophyll content (458.2 mg/m2), dry weight (15.83 g), N% (1.61), P% (3.03), K% (2.47), flower diameter (12.45 cm) and dry weight (29.40 g) as well.

50

EFFECT OF ADDITION GINGER RHIZOMES POWDER TO THE WATER FEED ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER AND

Ali Jawad Razooqi

Pages: 558-567 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This experiment was conducted at one farm belonged to private sector during the periods 2 / 9 / 2010 to 27/10/ 2010 , using two hundreds and forty one- day old unsexed chicks meat type broiler ( Ross hybrid breed ) . Ad. libitum feeding system was applied during the two rearing periods, starter period for 4weeks and grower period for 4weeks also were divided randomly to four treatments with three replicates for each treatment , every replicate contain 20 birds. The treatments of this experiment as follow as : ( T1) control treatment without addition ginger powder in water and feed (T2) add 2 gm of ginger powder per liter of drinking water ( T3) ) add 2 gm of ginger powder per kg of feed ( T4) add 1 gm of ginger powder per liter of drinking water + 1 gm of ginger powder per kg of feed . Measure live body weight , weight gain , feed consumption , feed conversion ratio , dressing percentage , relative weight of carcass cuts ( thigh , breast) , relative weight of liver, heart, spleen and gizzard . Estimate daily consumption average of the water, through the week 4,8 from the old of the birds for all treatments . Results indicated significant superiority (p< 0.05) for treatments T2,T3,T4 in live body weight , weight gain, feed conversion ratio compared with control group T1 at week 4,8 of age . T2 showed significant decreasing (p< 0.05) in feed consumption at week 4 of age . Feed consumption decrease significantly (p< 0.05) for treatments T2,T3,T4 at 8 weeks of age compared with control group. The results indicated significant increasing (p< 0.05 ) in daily water consumption for treatment T2,T3,T4 at week 4,8 weeks of age. No significant differences between treatments in dressing percentage, relative weight of thigh and breast, relative weights of liver , heart , spleen and gizzard through the two periods of study. It was concluded from this study we can add ginger powder to the water and feed by using any of the tested percentages . And the Using ginger powder decrease feed consumption and increase feed utilization for the birds .

51

THE CISPLATIN EFFECT ON THE MICE OVARIES

Zainab A. AL_To\'mma

Pages: 568-576 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Female mice were treated with cisplatin that is used against various cancers .The recent study revealed to the malformation of the ovaries tissues and uterus but no death cases were reported. When the mice females were treated with 0.1mg/cm2 of cisplatin ,a severe necrosis was reported in the ovary tissues and entire degradation of ovarian follicles .A microscopic examination of treated animal by 0.05mg/cm2 showed a histopathological changes represented by a limited degradation of the ovarian follicles and its cells moreover the connective tissue and the malformation of the yellow body(corpus luteum ) .The result showed the decreasing in the muscle layer and a severe degradation of the endometrium and the visceral tissue of the uterus when the female were treated with 0.025mg/cm2 of cisplatin.

52

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SUCKLING PERIODS ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUETIVE CHARACTERS IN FRIESIAN HEIFERS

Abed AL-Elah Abdullah ALZobaydi

Pages: 585-591 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study included analyzing (60) Friesian heifers records born between (1995-1996) at AL-Lattefeia station south of Baghdad weaned within (4) different interval (70-90) , (91-110) , (111-130) and (131-150) days, to study the effect of the (4) weaning intervals on daily weight gain, weight and age at first calving ,weight and age at weaning , weight and at mating and numbers of mating . The result revealed a highly significant (P<0.01) effect of weaning intervals on weight gain which was for the first interval (70-90) days (0.49+ 0.02) kg, while the rest of the traits, weaning weight, weight and age at mating, age at the first calving and number of matting did not effected significantly by the (4) weaning intervals. The correlation coefficient between daily weight gain and both weight at weaning and age at mating was highly significant (P<0.01) (0.355) and (0.304) respectively, also there were a highly significant correlation between weight at mating with both of age at mating and age at first calving (0.341), (0.267) respectively. There were a highly significant (P<0.01) correlation between age at mating age and first calving (0.855). While the rest of the traits were not significant.

53

COMPARISON BTWEEN EFFECT OF FENUGREEK EXTRACT AND SOME ANTIBACTERIAL AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus ISOLATEED FROM PATIENTS WITH PERIDONTITIS

Zainab H. Al-Azawi

Pages: 592-600 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was conducted to detect the effect of hot aqueous Fenugreek seed extract against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with peridontitis and compared with the effect of certain antibacterial. A total of 50 specimens was collected from patients attended Specialized Densitary Center in Diyala province during the period from 1/2 /2009 to 1/6 2009 . Identification of S. aureus based on cultural characteristics , microscopically examination , growth on selective media and standard biochemical tests .The disc diffusion method was used to determine antibacterial sensitivity and inhibition potency for different concentrations of extract ( 20% , 30% , 40% , 50% ). Fifteen (30%) isolate of S. aureus was recovered, 4 isolates from males (8%) and 11 from females ( 22% ) with significant different. There was insignificant association between the rate of infection with isolates and age of patients, gum bleeding when there was significant association between the rate of infection and smoking at ( p < 0.05 ) . It was revealed that 50% of Fenugreek extract more effective than other concentrations with inhibition zone of ( 9.3 )mm with significant difference at ( p < 0.05 ), Furthermore there was a significant difference in antibacterial activity at 50% concentration Fenugreek extract and Methicillin, Fusidic acid, Azithromycin, Carbencillin, and Vancomycin . Conclusion High concentration of hot aqueous fenugreek seed extract was more affective on S. aureus isolated from patients with peridontitis compared with certain antibacterial

54

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN SALAH EL-DIN PROVINCE

Amal Kamel Al-Nassiri, Tawfiq Ibrahim Al-Alousy

Pages: 601-610 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study included the diagnosis and recording of 468 cases of patients suffering from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, for that attended the outpatient and consultant dermatological clinics at Tikrit, Beiji, Samara, Shergat, Tuz and Door hospitals for the period August 2007 to July 2008. The results revealed that the highest prevalence was recorded during November 24.78%, the governorate center district showed the highest prevalence 44.66% followed by Beiji district 30.98%. The highest prevalence 67% was among children under the age of 15 years, where as the incidence was found to be decreased with the advancement of age.57.90% shows multiple lesion where as 41.88% shows singular lesion. Althoug the lesions occurs anywhere on the body, but the face was the site of preditection predominance lesions. The infection lesions percentage of children face had 56.25% over the wet (moist) lesions. Lesions on the face 68.38% only one member of each family, was a lower percentage of the infection observed regarding more than one member in the same family.. Besides most of the multiple cases was recorded for the rural families 87.16%, compared with that of Urban families 12.84%. This work also evaluated the role of insecticide in limiting the spread of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. The results in this direction found that 89.73% of cases was reposted in region where no insecticide was used compared with 10.27% of cases was reposted in the regions where insecticide was used.

55

STUDY OF BODY DIMENSION AND UDDER MEASUREMENTS IN IRAQI BUFFALOES AT AL-FADHELIYA REGION IN BAGHDAD . 2- UDDER MEASUREMENTS IN MILLKING BUFFALO COWS. (Bubalis bubalus).

Garah A. Baghdasar, Salah Fadel Abbas, Jabbar Khalaf Al Saadi, Alaa Salman Al-Haddad, Ali Saleh Sadiq

Pages: 611-622 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was took place in Al- fadheliya region in east of Baghdad which were rearing a large number of buffaloes milk and meat production with small numbers of cows from the period of 1/4/2009 to 12/12/2009 and this study included visiting 10 buffalo breeders selected randomly taking 15 animals / breeder to take udder dimensions for milking buffaloes . The collected data was analyzed by General Liner Model (GLM) in (SAS) program to estimate the fixed effects. These measurements belong to 102 milking buffalo which were: Front teats length, hind teats length, distance between front teats, distance between hind teats and distance between front and hind teats with diameter for front and hind teats and height of udder from the earth .The overall mean ± S.E for front teats length and hind teats lengths and diameter for front and hind teats were 6.25 ± 0.12 , 7.45 ± 0.17 , 3.32 ± 0.19 and 3.61 ± 0.22 cm. respectively , and distance between front teats , distance between hind teats and distance between them were 16.89 ± 0.30 , 10.92 ± 0.27 and 10.49 ± 0.23 cm respectively while the height of udder from the earth was 59.65 ± 0.76 cm . There are a highly significant effects for parity on some characters like diameter for front teats and height of udder from the earth and significant effect (P< 0.05) for length of front teats and diameter for hind teats, while other characters was lack significance effects . There are a positive and highly significant correlations between length of front teats with length of hind teats, diameter for front and hind teats (0.561, 0.477 and 0.359 respectively) . The highest correlation coefficient was between diameter for front and hind teats (0.788) . So , they need to do more studies on Iraqi buffalo in different governorates to approach a good evaluation for production and reproduction traits for this animal and body dimension

56

A STUDY OF SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOL OF LLOCAL AWASSI AND AWASSI TURKISH IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF BREEDING IN BARNS

Salah H. H.Alazawi, Zina Salman Hadi, Wissam Ali Ibrahim

Pages: 623-630 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study included eighteen ewes and four rams from the Awassi local sheep and Awassi Turkish and bred in the field of animal of the Department of Livestock / college of Agriculture / University of Diyala, and ages ranging between (3 and 5) years, in order to study the effect of strain and some of the factors affecting the weight of a sample of wool and some properties Alveziaoip the wool fibers as well as to estimate the simple correlation coefficient between the studied traits . The average weights of samples of cross wool and clean (12.85) and (9.33) g respectively, and the percentage of clean wool clean (71.65%) and the average length of the trait and the fiber and the number of ripples (12.80) and (13.58) and (4.22) cm respectively. The results showed no any significant effects in all the traits studied except the effect of sex on clean weight (p<0.05). Were obtained on a simple correlation coefficients between the weight of the sample of cross and clean sample.

57

THE EFFECT OF POMEGRANATE PEEL EXTRACT ON INHIBITION GROWTH OF SOME MICROORGANISMS AND OXIDATION OF VEGETABLES OIL

Sabri CH. Abood, Rukaibaa A. Chechan, Ibtihaj M. Hakeem

Pages: 631-642 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Peel ofegranate was extracted by solution of ethylacetate , cold and hot ethylalcohol , aceton and water for four hours by soxelet apparatus , and been dried , then these extracts were used to determine their ability to inhibit some bacteria like Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus ,as well as to prevent the oxidation of vegetable oils . Extract by ethylacetate at concentration of 80 mg/ml showed best inhibition toward the test bacteria followed by hot and cold alcohol , aceton and water extracts as inhibition zones were 28 ,28,and 27 mm for the above test bacteria respectievelly , the same extract was the best to prevent oxidation of vegetable oils as TBA% was 8.3 , 8.4 , 8.4 , 8.4 and 5,2 % for extracts by hot and cold alcohol , aceton , water and control treatment respectivelly during storage peroid . These results decleard thate the extract of pomegrante can be used as agood preservative agent in food industry as it have good inhibition againts undesirable microorganisms and can prevent oil oxidation

58

EFFECT OF BUDDING DATE, ROOTSTOCK, AND SCION CULTIVAR AND BUDTAKE PERCENTAGE AND VEGETATIVE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PEAR ( Pyrus communis L.)

Najem A. Jassem

Pages: 643-655 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

An experiment was conduct in private nursery in Al Gra'aet location, Baghdad- Iraq, during 2009-2010 season to investigate the effect of budding date 15/8 , 30/8 and 15/9/2009 , rootstock Pyrus calleryana and Cyndonia oblonga and two pear cultivar (Al-Zoforania and Al-Osmani) on budtake percentage and seedling , vegetative growth characteristics . Results showed that budding at 15th august give the highest percentage of budtake (88.25) compared with other dates. Budding both pear cultivar on Pyrus calleryana rootstock give significantly the higher percentage of budtake, Shoot length and diameter compared with Cyndonia oblonga where budding the tow pear cultivars on Cyndonia oblonga rootstock increased shoot number, leaf area per plant and carbohydrates percentage in shoots. scion cultivar had also significant effects on vegetative growths characteristics of seedling.

59

EFFECT OF SPARYING FOLIAR NUTREINT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GARLIC Allium sativumL

Nasic H. AL Byaati, Ridha M . Abud AL Hussein

Pages: 656-668 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study was conducted in the field of .Horticulture. Dept ., college of Agriculture ,University of Baghdad- Abu Gharaib in growing season 2007- 2008 to in vestigate the influence of a foliar sprays of organic fertilizer , calcium and Total in growth and composed yield of garlic plants were sprayed three times starting from 30/1/2008 and period between them are two weeks .The treatment as arranged in ( RCBD ) with 3 replicate using ( L.S.D) to compete the differences between the treatment the experimental recruits was as follows : -
The cloves of the superior treatment poly amine at a rate 2 g / 1 and Total fertilizer at a rate l g / l (M2) which gave the highest value plant highest (73.7cm / plant ) ,leaf area a per plant ( 1084.3 cm2) and dry weight of vegetative parts ( 2t,2 g / plain) as compared with the control treatment which gave lowest value (56.3c m / plant) , (402.+cm2) and (8.8g / plant ) respectively. A significant increases in this treatment ( M 2) bulb diameter ( 5.9cm / bulb) , number of bullbat per bulb ( 38. 7 bulble / bulb ) as compared with the control treatment (M0) ( 3.5 cm/ bulb ), (26.0 bulble/ bulb ) respectively. A significant increased influenced the yield which gave the highest total yield (4.8ton /ha) as compared with the control treatment (M0 ) which gave lowest ( 2.g ton / ha ) . The results showed that foliar sprays fertilizer Total at l g /1 (M7) significantly increased the number of leaves per plant ( 11.3 leave / plant ) , fresh weight of vegetative parts ( 85.9g / plant ) , dry weight of roots ( 8.9 g / plant ) percentage of vegetative part /root ( 5. 5 %) and increased diameter of bulb neck ( 1.7 cm ) as compared with the control treatment which gave lowest ( 6.6 leave / plant) , 4l.l g /plant) ,( 1.8 g/ plant) , ( 1.6 %) and ( 1.0c m / bulb ) respectively and did not differ significant treatment ( M7) with treatment ( M4) which gave highest average weight of bulblet ( 1.1g / bulblet) as compared with the control treatment ( M0 ) which gave the lowest ( 0.8 g / bulblet ) . Foliar sprays with poly amine at a rote of 2 .5 g /1 and, Total fertilizer at a rate of 1 g / l significant increases leaves connect of nitrogen upto (3.3% ) as compared the control treatment (M0 ) which gave lowest value of (1.0% ) . A significantly foliar with poly amine at a rate of 2.5 g /1 and calcium at a rate 2 .5 g / l and Total fertilizer at a rate 1 g /1 (M6 ) leave contact of phosphor up to ( 0.8 %) as compared with the control treatment( MO) which gave lowest value of ( 0.5 %) between treatments prays poly amine at a rate of 1.5g / 1 and Total fertilizer at rate l g / 1 ( M l ) as compared with ( 0.8 % ) in the control treatment.

60

HYDROCIMICAL POLLUTION OF GROUNDWATER IN BADRA- JASSAN BASIN / EASTERN OF IRAQ.

Issar M. Al-Shamaa, Batool Mohammad Ali

Pages: 669-679 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Variation in quality of Surface and Groundwater is changing depends on water position in Hydrological basin. The Topographical and Geological conditions lead an important role in determining the quality of this water to be used for various purposes and the determination of its possible contamination. Badra - Jassan basin is located in Wasit province at the far East of Iraq. According to the Surface and Groundwater hydrochemical study in this basin depending on salinity concentrations as well as the major elements analyzed for nineteen water samples collected from several sites of the basin within the periods of water surplus and water deficit, the salinity and nitrate pollution was identified. The pollution in the two above mentioned parameters was accrued in surface and groundwater unconfined aquifer, while only salinity pollution was determined in the confined aquifer of the Quaternary deposits and Muqdadiyah Formation.

61

THE EFFECT OF INDUMENTUM ON PLANT LEAVES IN CATCHING OR CONFINEMENT THE DUST FALL AND SULFUR OXIDES ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS

Khalid Dheyaa Abdul Wahid, Khazal Dhabua\'a Wadi

Pages: 680-692 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was conducted in province of Diyala / region of tiles factories of Baladrous district as ( Industrial , Agricultural , and Residential) regions, in order to assessment the effect of leaves indumentum on confinement or catching the dust fall and sulfur oxides atmospheric pollutants. Five frequently samples of leaves were randomly obtained from perennial plants which were included ) Eucalyptus spp. , Olea europea , Citrus spp. , Ziziphus spina-christi , Nerium oleander , and Phoenix dactylifera ). Sampling process was conducted during winter -2008 & summer -2009,through two main stages, the first begins within the rise period of atmospheric dust , while the second sampling stage was conducted as soon as decline the dust. The laboratory tests for total grand leaves ( 360) samples, were conducted in laboratories of Science College - University of Diyala which were include qualification and quantification of leaves indumentum further than measuring of leaves pollution with dust fall and 692 sulfur oxides atmospheric pollutants, The analytical statistics for obtained results according to Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.), were showed the following facts: The higher density of indumentum on Ziziphus spina-christi leaves ( 6.3) /cm², Has an important role in rise of catching average values of dust fall on its ,which were about(11340;10080;7560)µg/cm² during winter and (10710; 8190; 6300 ) µg/cm² during summer in ( Industrial , Residential , and Agricultural) Regions as respectively, as compared with lowest density of indumentum on Nerium oleander leaves ( 2.4) /cm² and decrease were the lowest of dust fall confinement average values of dust fall on its, which were about ( 4128 ; 3648 ; ( 2688 µg/cm² during winter and(3888; 2928 ; 2208 ) µg/cm² during summer in ( Industrial , Agricultural , and Residential) Regions as respectively . In spite the low density ( 4.3) /cm² of Scaly - Satellite indumentum on Olea europea as compared with Scaly indumentum on Ziziphus spina-christi leaves ,but it has a role in rise of accumulated average values of the sulfur oxides on it in Industrial region which were about (0.0169, ( 0.0114 µg/cm² on leaves of Olea europea and Ziziphus spina-christi as respectively ,as compared with decrease average values on leaves of Phoenix dactylifera and Nerium oleander as respectively decrease on density of sulfur oxides on Phoenix leaves ( 0.0010 , ( 0.0030 µg/cm² region ,while the lowest confinement values of sulfur oxides accumulated on leaves were in Agricultural region which about ( 0.0105 , 0.0072 )µg/cm² on leaves of Olea europea and Ziziphus spina-christi as respectively As compared with decrease values on leaves of Phoenix dactylifera and Nerium oleander as respectively 0.0006) ,0.0019) µg/cm². The important role of gravity on dust settling due to the insignificant different of its speed settling between winter and summer sampling , while the settling of atmospheric sulfur oxides were affected by temperature variation, and that seems clearly through the rise of accumulated values of sulfur oxides on plants leaves during winter[ ( 0.7±7.3) ; ( 0.7±6.5) ; ( 0.5±4.8) ]×e-3 µg/cm² as compared with summer [ ( 0.6±6.3) ; ( 0.5±4.8) ; ( 0.4±3.6) ]×e-3 µg/cm² in Industrial, residential, and agricultural regions as respectively.

62

COMPARISON OF SOME ATTRIBUTES OF JOBLESS INDIVIDUALS AND THEIR SUGGESTION TO SOLVE THE IDLESS PROBLEM.

Jasam A. Abass

Pages: 703-711 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Iraq suffers from the idleness problem that leads to social economic and political damages individual and society . This problem arise heartily in rural side social because of the deficiency of income the farmers get through their work in agriculture . The agricultural extension plays essential role in agricultural development by developing the humans energy to guarantee their economic social livings , and working to exploit all human energies and solve the problems , the country side residents suffer this research aims to identify the difference of properties of idle individuals into two villages in Diyala , The research also aims to introduce the opinions of idle individuals about how to solve the idleness problem in point a sample of (100) individual was chosen , the results of reach shows by using guisunar that there are no significant differences at level (0.01) among idle individual in both to two village according to propend of (educational state , age , idleness period , educational ambition level) The results also show that there is a big radio of idle individual who wish to emigrate from the village for finding Job . There is a significant relation among idle individuals in both villages in respect of the following properties (land owing , farming types of family erudition level of education .The research shows that there are six suggestions to solve the idleness problem in point of view of idle individuals . The first of it is making agricultural project giving loans , constructions a service prospects finding a job for there is stats officers , police and army . This research help the specialist, in planning and making programs to decrease idleness problem and achieve the countryside development .

63

EFFECT OF SPRAY HUMIC ACID ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF TWO CULTIVARS POTATOES .

Amer Abdullah AL-Juboori, Abdullah Mohammad Salem

Pages: 712-721 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This experiment was conducted in the field at the College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul during the spring season, 2010 and included the experience to study the effect of two potato cultivars( latona and santa) and spraying with three levels of humic acid (zero, 1.5, 3, 4.5 cm3/L) and carried out the experiment design RCBD within the split plot with three replicates. The results showed no significant differences between cultivars for all characteristics studied except for plant height and number of leaves where latona cultivar was superior over santa cultivar, The effect of humic acid was significantly below the level of (3 cm3/L) in plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and tuber diameter, weight and yield marketable where he excelled at the comparison in the number of air stems, yield plant, at the level of spraying (4.5 cm3/L), while superiority the level of spraying (1.5cm3/ liter) in the length of the tuber at the level of spraying (4.5 cm 3 / liter). the interaction where he superiority Santa cultivar and the level of spraying (3 cm3/L) in the characteristics of plant height and leaf area per plant and the length of the tuber, diameter and weight of tuber and yield per plant from tubers and yield marketing, while superiority the comparison in the number of leaves and number of air stems, to cultivar latona, while gave latona cultivar under level of spraying (4.5 cm3/L) lower values to number of air stems. and the superiority of latona cultivar below the level of spraying (1.5 cm 3 / L) to number of tubers per plant, Santa cultivar below the level of spraying (1.5 cm3/L) of the humic acid which gave lower values.

64

EFFECT OF ADDING CHITOSAN GUM ON SENSORY, REHOLOGICAL AND STORAGE PROPERTIES OF LOAF BREAD

Dhuha Dawood Salman, Inas M. Al- aubadi, Makarim A. Mousa

Pages: 722-732 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Effect addition of three different Molecular weight of chitosan gel prepared from shrimp shell on dough reology , sensory and shelf life properties of loaf were studied. Three treatments A, B and C were prepared from wheat flour with replacement 1% of chitosan gel (A=1155, B=720, C=6.984) kilodalton and compared with control . Chitosan did not effect the gluten index of A, B and C treatments compared to control were (96, 96, 97, 96) % respectively. There was no significant decrease in wet gluten while significant decrease in dry gluten for all treatments compared to control. The Farinograph test showed no significant increase in stability time of A, B, and C treatments compared with control were (4, 3.5, 3.5, 2.6)min respectively .The result showed significant differences in specific volume of loaf A, B, C compared to control which were (2.215, 2.224, 3.01, 3.433) cm3/g respectively. The sensory evaluation showed significant differences at 0.01 between A,B,C treatments and control . Storage of loaf bread containing chitosan at different temperature showed high staling rate compared to control represented by a decrease in water absorption rate for all treatments compared to control. After storage for 18 days at room temperature A and C treatments preserved loaf from mold and yeast growth compared to control, and kept their texture, odor and taste which reflect the role of chitosan as antimicrobial preservative without any reverse effects on dough reology properties and sensory characteristics of loaf bread.

65

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVEL OF ORGANIC AND COMPOUND FERTILIZERS ON FRUIT YIELD APPLE CV.ANNA.(Malus domestica )

Khalid A. AL-Hamadani, Omar H. AL-Muhamide, Ahmed H. Mahmood

Pages: 733-741 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This studuy was carried out during the growing season 2009 – 2010 on apple cv Anna in vineyard at Radwania region (35 km – western Baghdad). Trees were planting accordining asquare methods. The aimes of this study were at investigat the effect of different level organic and compound fertilizer (0, 5, 10, 15 kg/tree) for the former and (0, 100, 200, 300g fertilizers and quality characteristics on vegetative growth .Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) was used (tree replicates for each treatment combination). The result obtaind revealed that the treatment (15 kg/tree) organic fertilizers plant was superior significantly in fruit Yield (86.33 kg\tree) and other quality characteristics as compared with other treatment, as compaired with the control treatment (75.58 kg\tree). The compound fertilizer treatment plants of (300 g \tree) gave the higher Yield (95.29 kg\tree) and higher quality values as compared with other treatment plants, similarly a lower fruit Yield (58.00 kg\tree). A significant interaction effect were recorded between the two fertilizer used regarding fruit Yield and other quality traits. 15 kg\tree and the 300 g \tree compound fertilizer gave the highest fruit Yield (110.00 kg\tree), whereas control treatment gave the lowest Yield (48.33 kg\tree). It can be suggested that an organic fertilizer level of 15 kg \tree and compound fertilizer level of 300 g \tree may be used effectively for higher fruit Yield and quality characteristics apple cv Anna.

66

TEACHING SKILLS OF THE TEACHING STAFF AT THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTY , MOSUL UNIVERSITY FROM THE STUDENTS POINTS VIEW.

Dhuwayyah Ahmed Ibrahim, Luma Monther Idriss

Pages: 742-748 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The current study aims at identifying the level of the teaching skills of the teaching staff at the college of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University according to the students' points of view as well as the extent of practicing the teaching skills by the teaching staff and arranging the domains of the research according to the level of the practice. In order to obtain the relevant data, a two-parts questionnaire was used: the first part is related to the sample data, while the second part included a group of items (30 items) to measure the lecturers' levels of practice and these were distributed to include planning, executing and evaluation. After verifying the apparent validity of the questionnaire, consistency was measured using the half partitioning method. The study included the fourth grade students of college of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University for the academic year (2008-2009). The number of the students was (318) male and female students distributed on all the department of the college (10 departments). A random sample of the number of the students was (144) male and female students was taken (50% of the population). The results showed that (43%) of the subjects were of high level of teaching practice, (40%) were of middle teaching practice and (15%) were of low level of practice and this indicates that the result is fairly good. Also, results showed that the five first skills were of high degrees and according to the following arrangement: (presenting the lecture in details, relating the theoretical aspects with the practical ones, building good relationships with the students based on understanding and mutual respect, taking a good care of the logical sequence of the scientific subject and pointing out the objectives of the subject he/she is teaching). For the skills that came in the last positions, the degree of practice was weak and the sequence was as follows: (presenting demonstrating films to the students, presenting the lecture in different steps, making an evaluation to the students after the end of each lecture, developing the feedback continuously and keeping up with the recent teaching aids). The researcher would recommend that the authorized departments at the University should continue in developing the skills of the teaching staff by making the teaching staff use and adopt teaching skills in order to get better results and also this study should be conducted in other university in Iraq for the same fields or conducting similar studies for other fields also.

67

EFFECT OF OFFSET SIZE AND PLANTING DATE ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF Dandranthemum grandflorum kitam AROUND YEAR

Haytham M. Al-abdaly

Pages: 749-760 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Chrysanthemum offsets from two cultivars Evelyn bush & Cameo planted with two offsets volumes in four dates (Feb. ,April, June& August) in Ameria alfallouja at 2008 to study that effects on growth and flower forcing with factorial experiment in RCBD design. Evelyn bush plants were gave more than Cameo plants in leaf area were plant, flowering date ,number of flower plant, flower diameter & fresh weight and vase life which reached 36.5 cm2 ,187.2 days, 8.5 flower/plant,6.7cm,2.79cm and 17.5 days respectively. Also plant grown from large offsets gave more than the others which grown from small effect that raised 35.4 cm2 ,186.8 days ,7.2 flower/plant,6.3 cm,2.83 cm and 16.9 days . respectively. Plants which planted in Feb . and April were better in vegetative in Flowering adjectives , in other wise June and August planting gave better vegetative growth .

68

ALCOHOLIC AND WATERY EXTRACT EFFECT OF EUCALYPTUS IN GERMINATING, GROWTH, AND PRODUCT OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) TAMOOZ-1

Najm Abdullah Jumaa, Nagham Saddon Abrahim

Pages: 761-776 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The effectiveness of alcoholic and watery extract of Eucalyptus globules in germinating, growth, and yield component of wheat (Tamooz-1) was investigated by two experiments were carried in laboratory and green house of department of biology in education College \ Al-Razi. Seeds of wheat were planted in plats and treated with extraction of (cold water , hot water, and alcohol) with concentration of ( 0 ,0.5 ,1 ,3 ,5% ).The number of treatments were about (15) and with three replications. By this we had (45)treatment plants. While the experiment in green-house including a watering the plants after with same used germination with the same plant ex tract and with same concentration in lab-experiment There were three replications for each treatment . So we had also (45) observations in this experiment. The used concentrations for alcoholic and watery extractions in laboratory experiment showed significant effect in each percentage for germination. Percentage for speed of germination, and the length of both radicle and plumule .it was noticed that significance increase of these aspects occurred When adding extraction with (0.5%) concentrations, it was also noticed that there was frustrating effect for these extraction in the mentioned aspects which is acceptable Expelling with the increase of concentration for these extraction to the amount(5%). . As for the green-house experiment it showed that adding plant extraction with (%3. 1. 0.5) concentration led to significant increase in each of plant height, soft weight of total Greenness dry weight of total greenness , total leaf area index , number of seeds in each Earhead and weight of 100 seeds, this could by followed by abbreviating in the Mentioned aspects when increasing the concentrations of these extractions. The results showed that the extraction method also had its effect on the studied aspects .the extraction method with cold water led to significant increase in percentage for germination, dry Weight and the length of the plumule .also extraction Method with boiling water showed significant increase in percentage for speed of germination ,soft weight of total greenness ,number of branched ,number of earhead ,number of seed in each earhead, leaf area and Weight of 100 seeds. As for extraction method with cold alcoholic significantly effected On each of plant height and length of redicle.

69

EXAMINATION OF CATALASE ENZYME IN SEEDS SOME PLANTS AND SOME CHARACTERS OF IT

Assel K. AL-Anbari, Suad KH. Abdlwahab

Pages: 777-784 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study deals with the inve stigation of CAT enzyme in Phasedus vulgaris, Vicia faba, Trigonella,Nigella saliva Brassia oleracca and Beta vulgaris is seeds. The enzyme activity was evaluated. It was found that Nigella saliva showed the highest enzyme activity (1.66) U/mg. The leaves content of total protein was studied, it showed the highest content (1.422) ml/mg for the Phaseodus vulgaris plant. It was selected as Thormal degree for a high level and the stability of the enzyme with the hydrogynic number which depends on the seeds of the black pills (Nigella satvia). This study showed the coming results and the temperature for the activitation of the enzyme (50C°) and it's reactivity is (0.240) u/ml, so the enzyme showed such an obuious stability for (30 min) in (50C°) /and reached (0.348) u/ml /. According to the hydrogenic number and it's power. Reaction reached (0.318) u/ml at (PH=8). So, the enzyme showed the same stability at the hydrogenic number so, it reached in to(0.601) /u/m/.

70

AWARENESS OF RURAL WOMEN WITH IMPORTANT OF DUTY FOR EXTENSION RECOMMENDATIONS HEALTHY IN MANUFACTURING OF LOCAL CHEESE SCOPE

Ashwaq A. Naji, MAHA F. Alwan

Pages: 785-794 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed to identify the level of awareness of rural women in manufacturing of local cheese scope and identify the economy and social characteristics for rural women. In addition determining the relationship between the level of awareness of rural women with each of the independent variables(age ,education level ,experience ,information resource and winner size of animals) .The middle study governorates were chosen as an area of the study, that it 10 governorates' random sample of 5 Governorates were selected by representing 50% that it Karbala, Babylon, wasit, semawa, Dewania .The population of rural women were about 438 rural woman. The random suit sample was chosen included 14% the size of sample were 61 rural woman's , belong to Extension center of rural women. The awareness of rural women's were measured through a test, included 22 items. The awareness of rural were 4-22 degree, it degrees were o-22 degree. The mean of woman awareness were 12 degree. The results showed that there is lower of woman awareness in general. In addition there is a positive significant correlation between the awareness level and each factor from the independent factors. The researchers were recommended that the reactive was very important for the rural women, through training and Extension activities, that belong the agricultural scope in general, and the chiefly manufacture in special.

71

COMPARISON OF MOISTURE CONTENTS FOR DIFFERENT SOIL TEXTURES BY USING BOTH POLYMERS AND ANIMAL MANURES

Moatasim Daood Aga, Hesham Mahmoud Hassan

Pages: 795-804 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Soil samples were collected from three locations different in their textures, namely ; clay ,silty loam and sandy loam to study the effects of three levels of both polymers (0.0, 0.25 and 0.5% ) and animal manures (0.0 , 2 and 4 %) . Results of laboratory study indicated that moisture content of soils increased with animal manures compared with the control , especially with increasing measuring time for the silty loam soil compare with the clay soil .Results of the saturated, field capacity and the lower moisture content reveals significant differences for the animal manures and the second level of polymer as compared with control ,where the silty loam soil gave 3.09 , 6.5 and 7% respectively .On other hand ,the field experiment with animal manures gave significant differences for plant height and clear effect in plant dry weight as compared with control .

72

THE EFFECT OF OILS AND EXTRACTS OF SOME PLANTS ON GROWTH OF Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn CAUSED ROOT ROT OF Vicia faba

Nihad Aziz Khammas

Pages: 805-811 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study was carried out to determine the effect of some oils and extract of three plants (Black seed, Garlic and Clove tree ) with 10000 and 20000 part per million in the inhibition of growth of Rhizoctonia solani In Vitro. The results showed significant differences for oil and extracts of Clove tree with 20000 ppm. On inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani with ratio (100%) then oils and extracts of Garlic and Black seed they showed Non significant differences between them. The results showed that there are significant differences with 10000 ppm. among Garlic oil , Clove tree oil and Black seed oil on inhibiting the growth of the fungi (85.13% ,80.13% , 60.72%) respectively. It also show that there are significant differences on inhibiting of fungi growth among Clove tree extract with 10000 ppm. with ratio (91.38%, 82.5%, 58.68%) respectively.

73

A STUDY ON PIGEONS(Columba livia) CESTODES INFECTION IN DIYALA PROVINCE

Nagham Yassin Al-Bayati

Pages: 1-12 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study was conducted to identify different cestodes infecting pigeons from various regions in Diyala province. The total prevalence were 73.01%. Three genera of cestodes were diagnosed and identified (Aporina delafondi , Cotugnia intermedia and Raillientina microcantha ). Parasitological findings of feces and guts examined for all type of cestodes in birds revealed three degree of inflections depending on the number of worms/bird. The results showed that the infected birds had significant decrease in P.C.V. (20.93%), Total number of R.B.C. (2.28 c*10/mm) and HB concentration (5.88 gm/100ml) in birds especially in severe (heavily) infections with cestodes. Results also show increase in total white blood cells (leucocytosis) specifically eosinophils (22.03 c*10/mm) in infected pigeons. The results showed bad biometric status and bad nutrient as compared with control group.

74

ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF NICHE DIFFERENTIATION IN TEN PLANT SPECIES.

Abdulkhaliq Saleh Mahdi

Pages: 24-35 English

Full Text Issues

Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

Articles in This Issue

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract