Wasit Journal for Human Sciences

Throughout history, every people chooses way of life, and organizes it according to their own peculiarities. Privacy is the one that imposes itself when the people choose their political system and the way they are governed.
In today's world, the Western world has imposed its will on other societies, including Iraq, and has adopted Western parliamentary democracy, to be a political system for Iraq, without taking into account: that political and societal division and external influence weaken stability, for stability was not a goal for Western powers, but rather the goal is to weaken the stability of the political system, by creating institutions, authorities, and facts that are not commensurate with the societal environment.
What is required in Iraq, at the very least, is to design an electoral system that puts the goal of stability first amd political representation, in the second place , amatter which would lay the groundwork for a step fhaf leads to reducing the impact of external interference, and paves the way for the creation of a legitimacy system that is commensurate with the Iraqi reality.

The American policy in the Arab Gulf region varied between political interference during the First World War and isolation and non-interference, being the areas of British influence in the year (1919-1939) in a manner that serves to preserve its commercial interests and protect the oil companies in that region. It also gave Iran the political importance of its field. The strategic location, due to its geopolitical location and natural resources, was the focus of international competition, as well as being an important crossing point for weapons and other war requirements to the Soviet Union, until it became one of the countries under foreign occupation and began to show its impact on the internal situation of Iran, especially the overthrow of the government.

The American policy in the Arab Gulf region varied between political interference during the First World War and isolation and non-interference, being the areas of British influence in the year (1919-1939) in a manner that serves to preserve its commercial interests and protect the oil companies in that region. It also gave Iran the political importance of its field. The strategic location, due to its geopolitical location and natural resources, was the focus of international competition, as well as being an important crossing point for weapons and other war requirements to the Soviet Union, until it became one of the countries under foreign occupation and began to show its impact on the internal situation of Iran, especially the overthrow of the government.

The American policy in the Arab Gulf region varied between political interference during the First World War and isolation and non-interference, being the areas of British influence in the year (1919-1939) in a manner that serves to preserve its commercial interests and protect the oil companies in that region. It also gave Iran the political importance of its field. The strategic location, due to its geopolitical location and natural resources, was the focus of international competition, as well as being an important crossing point for weapons and other war requirements to the Soviet Union, until it became one of the countries under foreign occupation and began to show its impact on the internal situation of Iran, especially the overthrow of the government.

research is one of the most important activities practiced by the human mind . It is Scientific well known that the progress of nations , their civilization renaissance depends on their care , to its institutions and tools, the most important of which are scientific research institutions interest in it and its applications. Hence, this importance of scientific research requires paying attention and centres, because of their essential role in the comprehensive , effective renaissance and development process . The pace of interest in studies and research centers or decisiona-mking centers (Think Tanks) has increased until their presence has become an indicator of power and evidence of the interest of states and groups in developing research and knowledge, as they are among the tools of cultural civilization , one of the tributaries of political, economic and social development. Research centres are playing an important and pioneering role in leading global policies, especially in the great countries , they have become a major tool for the establishment of many effective strategic projects , they entered the line of participation in decision-making , building strategies, dispensing with them became impossible , as they have become an integral part of the development political landscape in many developed countries, they have risen to a position in which they have become among the main actors in drawing the political, social, economic, and educational orientations of the countries in general, and one of those influencing them. .

Key words: research centres - decision-makin

Abstract
The entitled paper "Post-colonialism in the Iraqi Narration - the literary works of Dhu al-Nun Ayoub as a model" aims to explain the impact of colonialism in postcolonial literature, especially in the narration, these impacts are manifested in the form of images, styles, themes and discourses that were closely related to colonialism, but were written in the post-colonial era.
The Iraqi narration, especially at the beginning of its maturation period, were almost excluded from post-colonial studies, with interest in other implications that are often the subject of such studies, which is considered as initial models; Therefore, the narration of (Dhul-Noon Ayoub) was chosen to be the subject of this study; To show the great impact of colonialism on his narration and at many levels, to note that there are important literary works in this type of studies and not to repeat the study of the same literary works.
The paper aims to reveal the colonial impacts in the narration of Dhul-Nun Ayoub through a set of themes such as: margin against the center struggle, The attitude of the intellectual from the events of the era, Criticism of the national (post-colonial state), the issue of reason and its components, question of identity, women's issues ,counter-narratives , and the impact of colonial artistic .
Keywords:- colonialism, post colonialism, postcolonial literature, narrative.
توطئة:-

In order to preserve the cultural, scientific and cultural heritage, especially what is contained in the library and the manuscripts house of the Abbasid holy shrine of a great cultural, scientific and cultural heritage, those in charge sought to create everything that would preserve this heritage. This legacy is through the maintenance and restoration operations that it performs on manuscripts that suffer damage, with the aim of reducing the manifestations of damage, through a mechanism that is represented by a set of operations that complement each other, and by using natural materials that suit the nature of the material of the manuscript, and do not affect it, and it is subject to lifting On the long level, hence this research came to shed light on this mechanism used in the processing of damaged manuscripts in this center.

This research is concerned with the Qur’an as one of the mechanisms of text production, and it has tried to reveal the percentage of presence of Qur’anic patterns in the book “Qa’idat al-Aqyan and Mahasin al-Ayyan” by the Andalusian minister, writer and writer Ibn Khaqan (d. 529 AH). Changing the features of the recalled text in its new text. It came after it in terms of the direct, unmodified Qur’anic ratio, in which the text is recalled from its source and placed in the new text without change. The expression is to be used to enrich his prose texts and to highlight his idea clearly, as well as being evidence of Ibn Khaqan’s religious culture, and his understanding of the Holy Qur’an, and his ability to employ it in his prose texts, and make it an aesthetic means to highlight those texts, through Ibn Khaqan’s inspiration and depth of Qur’anic stories. In the methods of the Noble Qur’an, and its ability to link the Qur’anic story with similar situations, and the meanings that encounter it, and to benefit from their meanings to produce the new text.

Bahrain witnessed at the end of the second decade of the twentieth century the establishment of a number of schools that can be described as semi-formal schools with private administration and government care, and run by special committees according to the nature of each school and the sect to which it belongs. Starting in 1925, the government took a number of reform steps to modernize Education in Bahrain, and as a result of its endeavor to bring schools under its direct supervision, clear intersections emerged in the views between the traditional vision and reform trends to modernize education, and this matter continued until 1932 when the authorities in Bahrain were able to integrate all schools and make them institutions affiliated to the government and under its direct supervision.

Standing in the language of the Qur'an in this part will bring you to expansive worlds that go beyond the bounds of linguistic standards that were created by humans. These criteria might not be adequate for determining the reality in a few of these astounding poems. The research aimed to investigate the causes underlying this presentation from a semantic rather than a grammatical or syntactic perspective. The research was conducted at two levels: first, the introduction at the vocabulary level, and then the presentation at the sentence level. In addition, the study does not pretend to have access to the presentation's facts; rather, it uses scientific procedures to evaluate its causes and reasons.
Keywords:

Due to its multiple connotations, the purposeful or intentional discourse holds a key position in the Arabic lesson as a whole. Because it serves as the foundation for communication and reporting. Arab intellectuals comprehended this concept and connected it to action and practice, and this realization manifested itself in their handling of its effects.

TheUnrenowned poets is a phenomenon extended with the history of Arabic poetry emerged remarkably durnig in the Abbasid era due to various factors, and have been singled out by many studies that we benefited from referencing in our research, which is aspired to be a new approach to the definition of the phenomenon by revealing some data of neglected that affected thos poets and led to the loss of their most of tradition and poems, we have based the research on a plan of two parts in which the theoretical presentation of some of the data of the phenomenon is integrated with the Unrenowned textual evidence, compiled, which represents all the poems of five submerged poets carefully selected to present artistically, culturally and socially diverse images and reveals the most prominent aspects of the phenomenon in question . Key words: Unrenowned poets, Ismail Al-Kratisi, Samah Ibn Ashul, Ather al-Baghdadi, Abdul Rahman bin Jahim, Abu Al-Ma'afi al-Muzani .

Arabic calligraphy has received the largest share of Islamic arts in terms of the psychological and sanctification to the Muslim artist , For the great value it holds of its close connection with the true religion and the beliefs that ensue from it, which contributes to the establishment of a civilization of the Islamic culture and its expansion to all parts of the globe.
The first great calligraphers took into account these reasons that led to the necessity of a new strategy with an evolutionary approach concerned with improving and proficiency in writing, which later became known as the art of Arabic calligraphy, And by creating types of fonts that have won the social taste and approval, as well as fulfilling the functional aspects and adopting it as a means of communication between nations. The Thuluth font is among those Arabic fonts that have undergone a series of transformations that resulted in a different form characterized by maturity and perfection.
The research consisted of four chapters, the first chapter included the research problem and its importance, objectives, limits, and definition of terms.
As for the second chapter, it included two sections, the first section dealt with the conceptual diversity and meaning, diversity and its relationship to unity, as well as the relationship of diversity to unity in Islamic art.
The second section dealt with the variations in linear structures, the technical foundations of linear structures, as well as previous studies.
For The third chapter included the research procedures in which the descriptive analytical approach was adopted, Chosen samples according to selective bases , while the fourth chapter included the research results and conclusions, including:
1- The calligrapher relied on the design system for the compositions of the total samples on the multi-level line, where it constituted 67% of the samples, while the single-line composition was adopted by 33% of the selected samples.
2- Through the analysis, it was found that the contrast ratio was 100% achieved through the approved colors, whether ink or writing materials, and the clear contrast between them.
In light of these results, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, including:
1- The calligrapher relied on the diversity in the compositions that is accomplished, and they can be sometimes rectangular, sor oval, and othertimes circular, indicating the possibility and ability of the calligrapher to pluralism as well as the quality in the completion of the paintings.
2- The design principles represented by proportion, contrast, balance, sovereignty and repetition are among the features of works that are characterized by aesthetics, which made this one of the first priorities of the attention of calligrapher Sami Effendi.

ـThe area of kut city has been expanded due to the growth of population and demand on the different functional uses of land. A satellite image is adopted for the city as a source to detect the area due to the lack of data needed. In addition, a computer program is used to measure the area .
The study includes the introduction as well as the natural and human features like the geographical site, the growth of city population , and the growth of population factors. The study also section deals with specifying the area of the city inhabited based on the satellite visuals from(2002-2016) with a time period that as (7) years between the two visuals . The extent of expansion for the area of the city is specified for the period.

ـThe area of kut city has been expanded due to the growth of population and demand on the different functional uses of land. A satellite image is adopted for the city as a source to detect the area due to the lack of data needed. In addition, a computer program is used to measure the area .
The study includes the introduction as well as the natural and human features like the geographical site, the growth of city population , and the growth of population factors. The study also section deals with specifying the area of the city inhabited based on the satellite visuals from(2002-2016) with a time period that as (7) years between the two visuals . The extent of expansion for the area of the city is specified for the period.

ـThe area of kut city has been expanded due to the growth of population and demand on the different functional uses of land. A satellite image is adopted for the city as a source to detect the area due to the lack of data needed. In addition, a computer program is used to measure the area .
The study includes the introduction as well as the natural and human features like the geographical site, the growth of city population , and the growth of population factors. The study also section deals with specifying the area of the city inhabited based on the satellite visuals from(2002-2016) with a time period that as (7) years between the two visuals . The extent of expansion for the area of the city is specified for the period.

ـThe area of kut city has been expanded due to the growth of population and demand on the different functional uses of land. A satellite image is adopted for the city as a source to detect the area due to the lack of data needed. In addition, a computer program is used to measure the area .
The study includes the introduction as well as the natural and human features like the geographical site, the growth of city population , and the growth of population factors. The study also section deals with specifying the area of the city inhabited based on the satellite visuals from(2002-2016) with a time period that as (7) years between the two visuals . The extent of expansion for the area of the city is specified for the period.

Administrative investigation and its guarantees in Iraq is one of the important topics, as it highlights the procedures that precedes the decision to impose disciplinary punishment, which the administration resorts to during the administrative investigation, and it represents, in part, the guarantees and rights of the employee when questioned for his violating actions that affect the vocational system and its requirements.
This research also contributes to the literatures of studies on procedures to ensure the public interest on the one hand and the employee’s rights on the other hand, which the investigation authority must follow In the field of occupational work.
The Research also emphasized on the importance of rules and regulations set by legislature to prevent administrative authorities from exploiting the law when questioning the employee for their errors.
The employee may be wronged if incriminating evidence has been fabricated against him. Therefore, the investigation is surrounded by strict legal guarantees that should not be violated because of their negative impact on the employee personally and on the workflow in the facility in which he works, but in some cases the committee that undertakes the administrative investigation may be formed in contravention of the provisions The law may stumble in the performing of its duty so that it does not meet the required legal procedures, or it may neglect the guarantees granted to the violating employee, a matter which leads to the invalidity of its recommendations and the matter negatively affects the integrity of the administrative decision issued to impose the penalty, especially in presidential or quasi-judicial discipline systems, and this requires repairing the defect and directing The investigative committees need to fulfill the required procedures and provide the guarantees stipulated by law for the accused employee, which was confirmed by the judicial rulings issued in this regard.

Administrative investigation and its guarantees in Iraq is one of the important topics, as it highlights the procedures that precedes the decision to impose disciplinary punishment, which the administration resorts to during the administrative investigation, and it represents, in part, the guarantees and rights of the employee when questioned for his violating actions that affect the vocational system and its requirements.
This research also contributes to the literatures of studies on procedures to ensure the public interest on the one hand and the employee’s rights on the other hand, which the investigation authority must follow In the field of occupational work.
The Research also emphasized on the importance of rules and regulations set by legislature to prevent administrative authorities from exploiting the law when questioning the employee for their errors.
The employee may be wronged if incriminating evidence has been fabricated against him. Therefore, the investigation is surrounded by strict legal guarantees that should not be violated because of their negative impact on the employee personally and on the workflow in the facility in which he works, but in some cases the committee that undertakes the administrative investigation may be formed in contravention of the provisions The law may stumble in the performing of its duty so that it does not meet the required legal procedures, or it may neglect the guarantees granted to the violating employee, a matter which leads to the invalidity of its recommendations and the matter negatively affects the integrity of the administrative decision issued to impose the penalty, especially in presidential or quasi-judicial discipline systems, and this requires repairing the defect and directing The investigative committees need to fulfill the required procedures and provide the guarantees stipulated by law for the accused employee, which was confirmed by the judicial rulings issued in this regard.

The research includes a statement of the research problem, which involves providing a clarification of the concept of educational investment, its obstacles, and its role in the " development of higher education in all respects and its importance and effectiveness in bringing about comprehensive and sustainable developmental changes " in the various aspects of higher education, as educational investment is one of the best types of investments due to its role in developing individuals and furthering their capabilities , "as well as because it is through it that economic and social development can be achieved, as education has a far- sighted investment nature . So " what a person acquires whether financial gains or scientific training and qualifications have a direct relationship with the outputs of this training .
All community members can enjoy a double income for what has been invested in their education . Positive effects of this education would extend and expand in their limits and scope ; to be reflected on future gains in " different developmental fields . Besides, universities are among the most important guided systems directed towards the management and achievement of the comprehensive development of any society " as " their role is not confined to admitting students , rather their role goes beyond this to provide benefits " through the excellent experiences , great infrastructure, and scientific capabilities that can be invested in education and social work
Furthermore, all these activities would provide benefit and advantages to the educational process, and have a tangible effect on all society members . Consequently, universities are entitled to promote and develop its competitive capabilities to achieve active educational investment ; which leads to create " positive results equally on the individual and the collective level . As for the individual outcome, it includes "the benefits gained by learners as a result of acquiring further knowledge and education, while the collective outcome involves all benefits furnished to the targeted social environment and the beneficiary of educational investment activities or initiatives ."

The research includes a statement of the research problem, which involves providing a clarification of the concept of educational investment, its obstacles, and its role in the " development of higher education in all respects and its importance and effectiveness in bringing about comprehensive and sustainable developmental changes " in the various aspects of higher education, as educational investment is one of the best types of investments due to its role in developing individuals and furthering their capabilities , "as well as because it is through it that economic and social development can be achieved, as education has a far- sighted investment nature . So " what a person acquires whether financial gains or scientific training and qualifications have a direct relationship with the outputs of this training .
All community members can enjoy a double income for what has been invested in their education . Positive effects of this education would extend and expand in their limits and scope ; to be reflected on future gains in " different developmental fields . Besides, universities are among the most important guided systems directed towards the management and achievement of the comprehensive development of any society " as " their role is not confined to admitting students , rather their role goes beyond this to provide benefits " through the excellent experiences , great infrastructure, and scientific capabilities that can be invested in education and social work
Furthermore, all these activities would provide benefit and advantages to the educational process, and have a tangible effect on all society members . Consequently, universities are entitled to promote and develop its competitive capabilities to achieve active educational investment ; which leads to create " positive results equally on the individual and the collective level . As for the individual outcome, it includes "the benefits gained by learners as a result of acquiring further knowledge and education, while the collective outcome involves all benefits furnished to the targeted social environment and the beneficiary of educational investment activities or initiatives ."

The research includes a statement of the research problem, which involves providing a clarification of the concept of educational investment, its obstacles, and its role in the " development of higher education in all respects and its importance and effectiveness in bringing about comprehensive and sustainable developmental changes " in the various aspects of higher education, as educational investment is one of the best types of investments due to its role in developing individuals and furthering their capabilities , "as well as because it is through it that economic and social development can be achieved, as education has a far- sighted investment nature . So " what a person acquires whether financial gains or scientific training and qualifications have a direct relationship with the outputs of this training .
All community members can enjoy a double income for what has been invested in their education . Positive effects of this education would extend and expand in their limits and scope ; to be reflected on future gains in " different developmental fields . Besides, universities are among the most important guided systems directed towards the management and achievement of the comprehensive development of any society " as " their role is not confined to admitting students , rather their role goes beyond this to provide benefits " through the excellent experiences , great infrastructure, and scientific capabilities that can be invested in education and social work
Furthermore, all these activities would provide benefit and advantages to the educational process, and have a tangible effect on all society members . Consequently, universities are entitled to promote and develop its competitive capabilities to achieve active educational investment ; which leads to create " positive results equally on the individual and the collective level . As for the individual outcome, it includes "the benefits gained by learners as a result of acquiring further knowledge and education, while the collective outcome involves all benefits furnished to the targeted social environment and the beneficiary of educational investment activities or initiatives ."

(Extinguished are my candles) the first of Dr zainob Al Hajj Madehs verse coIIectons
In the midst of the family and objective circumstances surrounding her, she appeared to be a unique poet of deep originality, and an excessive sensitivity to express the emotions, feelings and thoughts that engulf in herself and her mind, her general nature is sadness, despair and pessimism.
The motives of melancholy that manifest themselves in each of the verses of her poetic book are not in deprivation, nor in lost love, nor in the idea of death, but it is (intellectual sadness) that arose from thinking about the death of the one she love, so these observations and reflections moved to the level of sense, so they dug wounds in the heart that do not heal, and then began to flow groans and sorrows.
Through her poetry, the reader hints at her bewildered, sad soul disturbed in each of her poems (extinguished my candles) this name alone is enough to indicate her desire for serenity, isolation and introversion in order to read the lines of pain and sorrow.
Keywords: sadness, modern poetry, Zainab al-Hajj Madeh, extinguished are candles, death, alienation

(Extinguished are my candles) the first of Dr zainob Al Hajj Madehs verse coIIectons
In the midst of the family and objective circumstances surrounding her, she appeared to be a unique poet of deep originality, and an excessive sensitivity to express the emotions, feelings and thoughts that engulf in herself and her mind, her general nature is sadness, despair and pessimism.
The motives of melancholy that manifest themselves in each of the verses of her poetic book are not in deprivation, nor in lost love, nor in the idea of death, but it is (intellectual sadness) that arose from thinking about the death of the one she love, so these observations and reflections moved to the level of sense, so they dug wounds in the heart that do not heal, and then began to flow groans and sorrows.
Through her poetry, the reader hints at her bewildered, sad soul disturbed in each of her poems (extinguished my candles) this name alone is enough to indicate her desire for serenity, isolation and introversion in order to read the lines of pain and sorrow.

This research aims to identify the leadership style of college deans from the point of view of the heads of scientific departments. To achieve this goal, the researcher followed the descriptive research method, and the research population reached (703) academic As for the basic research head of department (200) teaching; The researcher prepared a tool to measure it, and after checking the indicators of validity and reliability, it was applied to the basic sample, and in light of the results of this study, the following can be concluded: the deans in Iraqi universities have a good level of management leadership styles. The researcher recommended the need to raise the level of administrative leadership styles among deans more than what exists now, and suggested the necessity of conducting a study dealing with the concept of administrative leadership styles and linking it with other concepts such as cooperative behavior, self-affirmation, communication skills, and vocational status.

The natural increase of population affected by many factors, including economic and social factors. Most of the administrative units in Wasit Governorate, especially in 2017 and 2020, witnessed a decrease in births due to the development that took place in this society, the development of family planning methods and birth control, and the desire of parents to reduce the size of the family and the entry of women into the field of work . All these factors, in turn, led to a decrease in the rate of natural increase.

Government spending policies are among the most prominent economic policies affecting some economic variables that support the process of economic growth, due to their major impact on poverty rates in Iraq, which have lasted for many years and increased their impact after 2003 for several reasons, including economic, social and political, The research was based on the hypothesis that despite increased spending and strategies to reduce poverty in Iraq, public spending policy suffers of distortions, inefficiency and ineffectivenss with Increased income disparity during the research period.
The research aims to ensure that macroeconomic policies, particularly spending policies, are often aimed at achieving economic growth, economic well-being and poverty reduction, But achieving appropriate poverty reduction policies requires many interrelated strategies to achieve this goal, and perhaps the central option of these strategies is through high economic growth and a fairer distribution of the fruits of growth, which are complementary to each other in order to lower poverty rates.

The issue of the Agent in Arabic has received considerable attention from grammarian scholars and researchers because it is of great importance in grammatical studies and it almost agreed upon by grammarians,exact for few of who wanted to eliminate this issue. Iraqi researchers have followed their predecessors in this issue and followed their approach. The question of the Agent in making the subject and the predicate in normative case is a controversial issue between grammarians and researchers. Researchers disagreed in their endorsement of former grammatical views. Among them are those who support this view and those who support the other. I attempted in this research to show that the issue of disagreement in the predicate nominative agent is almost agreed upon among the Basra grammrians, and their disagreement is on the nominative agent of the predicate. Their disagreement with the Kufa School is a disagreement and making of the subject and predicate in the nominative case , and the rsearcher see that one of the reasons for the disagreement between the two that the speech is reported through mistakes , and I calls upon the researchers to verify the information as stated and its in accurate conveyance and misunderstanding its content in the original sources.

The aim of the research is to identify the skills of historical evidence for teachers of history departments, and the differences in the skills of historical evidence according to the variables (gender, certificate, university). The research was determined by the teachers of the history departments in the faculties of education in the universities of the Middle Euphrates for the academic year (2021-2022), and the size of the research sample was (143) teachers, with (105) male and (38) female teachers. The final of (32) items distributed over six skills, the apparent validity and the internal consistency of the scale were calculated, the discriminatory strength of the scale’s paragraphs, and the correlation coefficients between the paragraph’s degree and the total degree of the scale, as well as the paragraph’s degree relationship with the degree of the domain to which it belongs, and the field degree relationship in other areas and in the overall scale, And calculating the value of the scale’s stability coefficient using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and half-segmentation, and after applying the scale in its final form, the data was processed statistically. The middle school has a good level of skills of historical evidence, and the statistical method of triple variance analysis was used to verify the differences in the skills of historical evidence according to the variables of gender, degree, and university. The results showed that the teachers of the history departments in the colleges of education of the Middle Euphrates universities possessed a good level of historical evidence skills, and the statistical method was used triple variance analysis to verify the differences in the skills of historical evidence according to the variables of gender, certificate and university, and the results showed that there are no differences according to the variables of gender and university. While there are differences according to the degree variable (Master's - Ph.D.) and in favor of PhD holders. The researchers recommended including the skills of historical evidence within the objectives of teaching history at the university level, and suggested conducting a study of the skills of historical evidence experimentally with independent variables such as (historical understanding, historical awareness).

This study deals with the rebellion of Count Odo, uncle of King William the Red, against the English throne, starting with the causes of the rebellion and the motives of its parties, passing through the facts and developments of the rebellion, and ending with the results of that rebellion against the institution of the English throne and the rebels, as well as the English people, who had a pivotal role in supporting King William Red during the rebellion, and this study focuses in all these axes and transitions to the important role of the Archbishop of Canterbury in supporting King William against the rebels and the efforts made by the Archbishop of Canterbury to win English public opinion in favor of the English throne, and the repercussions of all of that on the rebellion.

The current research aims to identify the dimensions of historical enlightenment among students of history departments in colleges of education according to the variables (gender - grade - university). The descriptive correlative approach was chosen, and the sample size was (235) male and female students, (145) females, and (90) Males, and were chosen randomly, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers prepared their research tool, which is the dimensions of historical enlightenment, which consists of (35) paragraphs distributed over six main dimensions in its final form. 2013), And the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, version (26), and through the application of the T-test equation for one sample, and the analysis of triple variance, the researchers reached the results that indicate that the students of the history departments possess the dimensions of historical enlightenment. Based on the results, the researchers presented a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

This study deals with the analysis of the impact of public debt on the performance of the Iraqi market for securities for the period (2005-2017). The public debt is one of the influential fiscal policy tools as it represenis the government strategy to cover the budget deficit, and it occurs as a result of government practice of economic activity. The securities market is a means for applying fiscal policy through the marketing of government bonds, so that market provides the financial resources to finance government spending, and thus achieve economic growth.
The results show that the internal public debt affects the performance of the Iraqi market for securities weakly, as there is a relationship between internal public debt and the Iraqi market indices of securities, especially when there is a government deficit where the central bank aims to market papers to withdraw cash, and thus reduce money supply, which increases the cost of financing for companies, as well as reduced demand for products, which reduces the profits of companies, and affects the prices of shares.
The development of a country's economy can be measured by the development of its financial market, its indicators, traded instruments and listed companies, as it expresses the economic sectors in the country. Therefore, the financial market can be considered as an indicator of economic policies and their success. It is the main channel through which the available financial resources can be channeled. Government sector and the private sector to feed diversified investment channels.
The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the creation of a mechanism to deal with the deficit in the Iraqi budget and directing the public debt instruments towards investing in the financial market through the use of oil revenues and employment in carrying out economic and social development projects, which represent sources of revenue characterized by stability and relative stability. As well as the development of the Iraqi market for securities through the diversification of financial instruments traded in the expansion of the issuance of new securities, because the financial market is a lender to the government through the issuance of government bonds as well as lending to the private sector.
Keywords: public debt, financial markets, stock market indicators.