magazine of college Administration&Economics for economic & administration & financial studies

This study investigates the role of legal liability in shaping consumer trust and behavior within Iraq's e-shopping landscape. As e-commerce continues to grow in Iraq, understanding the factors that influence consumer engagement is critical for fostering a secure online shopping environment. The research explores how perceptions of legal protections affect consumer trust and subsequent purchasing behavior. Utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed among Iraqi consumers, the study analyzes responses through various statistical methods, including structural equation modeling. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between perceived legal liability and consumer trust, which in turn influences purchasing decisions. This study underscores the importance of developing comprehensive legal frameworks to enhance consumer confidence in e-commerce. It offers valuable insights for businesses and policymakers aiming to create a trustworthy online shopping experience, ultimately contributing to the growth of e-commerce in Iraq. The implications of these findings extend to recommendations for tailored marketing strategies and
collaborative efforts to improve consumer awareness of legal protections, fostering a more robust e-shopping ecosystem in the region

The current research aims to identify the levels of human resource flexibility among employees in the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, the Administrative and Financial Department, as well as to analyze the relationship of influence between human resource flexibility and adaptive performance in the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. In order to achieve the research objective, the researcher designed a chart that clarifies the nature of the relationship between the research variables. The research also relied on the descriptive analytical approach. In order to verify the research hypotheses, it was applied in the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research to a sample of employees at the upper and middle administrative levels, amounting to (75) individuals. To collect information, a questionnaire was designed, and for the purpose of analyzing the data, each of the tools represented by (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and relative importance) was used. A number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that human resource flexibility is a major variable in raising the level of readiness for adaptive performance of employees within the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Based on the statistical analysis, the adaptive performance variable obtained results that reflect a high level of consensus among workers about its importance. Therefore, the researcher recommends that the Ministry enhance the flexibility of its human resources by granting authority and paying attention to the human and social aspect, while emphasizing the exchange of experiences and bearing responsibility, so that it can attain the level of maturity for the level of adaptive performance, which will help it take proactive measures and solve problems in innovative ways..
Keywords: - Human Resources Flexibility - Adaptive Performance - Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

This study aims to identify the level of practice of organizational citizenship behavior and discrimination Organizational performance, as well as identify the impact of organizational citizenship behavior across dimensions, namely, (a spirit of tolerance, altruism, civility, awareness of conscience, voluntary participation) in performance excellence Organizational across dimensions, namely, (satisfaction of stakeholders , resource utilization, efficiency of operations, continuous improvement, responsibility towards the local community). The study used the resolution as a way to collect data from all the faculties of the University of Babylon of (18) College and study population included all the deans and heads of academic departments in the college's (88) and Dean Reese section.
The study used statistical methods by statistical program (Spss, 7.20). And reached a number of conclusions fleshed no relationship to the impact of organizational citizenship behavior in Organizational achieve outstanding performance, was presented a number of recommendations including an emphasis on the importance of organizational citizenship behavior in achieving excellence Organizational Performance in the surveyed university faculties

Purpose: This research aims to explore the role of ethical leadership in achieving sustainable performance.
Methodology/Design: The researchers distributed 110 questionnaires at Al-Mustaqbal Private University College, with 86 valid responses analyzed using Smart PLS.
Research Significance: The study holds importance as it addresses a critical service sector in Iraq—higher education—and tackles a practical challenge faced by organizations striving to attain the highest levels of sustainable performance.
Theoretical Findings: The study reveals a knowledge gap regarding the mechanisms for achieving sustainable performance in the examined organization.Practical Findings: The research concludes that the studied college seeks to leverage ethical leadership behaviors to enhance sustainable performance.
Practical Implications: The findings suggest that fostering ethical leadership capabilities can contribute to sustainable performance in both governments and private institutions.
Originality/Value: This research fills a gap in the literature, as few Arab or foreign studies—to the researchers' knowledge—have examined the relationship between these variables within a single hypothetical model.
Keywords: Ethical leadership, sustainable performance, Al-Mustaqbal Private University College.

This study explores the importance of managing banking mood and its impact on the satisfaction of both internal and external customers. It demonstrates that mood is influenced by cultural, psychological, social, political, and cognitive factors, which drive individuals to seek products that fulfill their satisfaction. Employees strive to maintain a positive mood to regulate their professional lives, which in turn affects their behavior as well as that of the customers. The study focuses on the strategies adopted by decision-makers to manage banking mood and create a positive internal environment that reflects on external clients. It is based on a central hypothesis that suggests a significant inverse correlation between banking mood management and contemporary banking behaviors. The researchers utilized a questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale, distributed to 100 employees in selected Iraqi banks, to measure this relationship
The findings revealed a positive relationship between banking mood and the transformation of contemporary banking behaviors, indicating that mood-related behavioral practices influence banking behavior. The study recommends emphasizing contemporary behaviors that enhance productivity by improving the mood of internal employees to sustain external customer satisfaction.
Keywords: Banking Mood Management, Contemporary Banking Behaviors, Iraqi Banks.
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Time series forecasting is essential in various domains, including finance and meteorology. Traditional models like ARIMA struggle with nonlinear and chaotic data, while machine learning models improve nonlinearity handling but lack sequential awareness. Transformer-based deep learning models have shown superior performance in capturing complex temporal dependencies. This paper compares traditional, machine learning, and deep learning models using synthetic chaotic data (Lorenz system) and real-world meteorological data. Results indicate that Bayesian Transformers outperform other models, achieving the lowest RMSE and MAE while demonstrating robustness against noise. Findings highlight Bayesian Transformers as a promising approach

*جامعة بابل-كلية الادارة والاقتصاد


for nonlinear time series forecasting by integrating uncertainty estimation and long-range dependency modeling.

The research provides a proposed framework for the use of the zero-term automation strategy for the state budget. The optimal allocation of resources in the preparation of the Iraqi federal budget because it does not approve the allocations for activities and projects only after being re-evaluated in terms of efficiency and effectiveness in performance and its relevance to the long-term objectives expected as well as the adoption of the principles of leadership and management The most important conclusions of the research are the possibility of building a modern Iraqi strategy that supports sustainable growth. Resources and face the challenges of the budget by using the method of automation zero because zero budget runs from the principle that a review and comprehensive evaluation of all activities and projects implemented by government agencies and put an end to projects that proved unsuccessful.