Psychological Science

The current research aims to cooperate between participants and competition and self-bragging among graduate students, and teachers participating in formal engagements, to be direct research communities of graduate students in advanced university currently 2024 - 2025 and the number of (613) drawn from them employers researchers in Bulgaria size (200) students confirmed the identification of random types proportional, and the researcher translated the scale of Ryckman et.al ,1996) proportional to use, and deliberately on the scale of the construction of self-bragging, and the researcher achieved the psychometric gain of the two measurements, and the results of the research on the level of competition in use at the request of graduate studies, and females more than males competition, as the research showed the level of self-arrogant pride, and the level of authentic self-bragging among students, as well as the results show the existence of an interaction between competition and authentic self-bragging, and the expulsion between competition and self-arrogant pride, and research assistants a set of effects and structural proposals on the results of the research.

This research aims to identify self-based pride, social-based comparison pride, frames of reference( individual and social), and achievement goals (approach -performance, and approach-mastery) among a sample of university students, and if there is a correlation between the above-mentioned research variables The research sample was selected by the simple random method, It consisted of (191) male and female students (86) males and (105) females, and they answered the four research scales(self-based pride, social comparison-based pride, frames of reference, and achievement goal, and The results showed the following:; The research sample has a low degree of: self-based pride and social-based comparison pride,, and they have moderate individual and social frames of reference, In addition, they have a medium degree of achievement goals ( approach-performance and approach-mastery) , The results also showed positive correlation between the research variables

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of extended thinking among married English language teachers, as well as to find the significance of the differences according to the gender variable. The researcher chose the sample from the Ministry of Education in both sides of Karkh and Rusafa for both sexes for the academic year 2023-2024. The number of sample members was (300). Using appropriate statistical methods, tools and theories, it was found that the sample members have a normal level of extended thinking, and there are also statistically significant individual differences in favor of females

The objectives include the following:
Preparing a scale of influence skills
Getting to know Influencing skills in kindergarten children
Significance Statistical differences in influence skills among kindergarten children according to the variable of child gender (male, female)
The significance of statistical differences in the influence skills of kindergarten children according to the stage variable. (Kindergarten, preparatory)
The research community included kindergarten children in the six education directorates in addition to Karkh and Rusafa (Karkh I, II , and III and Rusafa I, II, and III ) affiliated with Baghdad Governorate. To achieve this, the researcher adopted an integrative framework for theories, and defined them as follows : For influence skills , and to achieve the research objectives, researcher Tan prepared a scale of influence skills for kindergarten children according to the practical steps in preparing the scale . The scale consists of ( 40 ) paragraphs divided into eight skills ( the ability to understand others , the ability to express ideas clearly, The ability to demand needs , the ability to exchange ideas and information, the ability to improve the behavior of others, the ability to resolve differences, the ability to cooperate with others, and the ability to change behavior ) The instructions for each paragraph were prepared, according to what was presented to a group of experts, arbitrators, and specialists in kindergartens, measurement, evaluation, psychological and educational sciences, numbering ( 8 ) arbitrators, and their approval was obtained for all paragraphs , and the scale was applied to a sample of ( 200 ) children, male and female, who were selected using the simple random method from the six educational directorates in Karkh and Rusafa . The researcher analyzed the paragraphs of the scale statistically, and the validity and reliability of the scale were verified using appropriate statistical means to show the results of the research. The discriminatory power coefficients were calculated, and the results showed that all paragraphs are distinctive. And its relationship to the total score of the scale, and the sub-score of the scale. The stability of the test was estimated using the Cronbach’s alpha equation, and the stability coefficient of the scale’s skills reached between (0.82-0.69) which is an acceptable stability coefficient
The research showed the following results:
1. Kindergarten children have a high level of influence skills
2. The child’s gender is not affected by influence skills, except for the skill of being able to change behavior, which was higher among females than males

The current research aims to identify the quality of professional life among university instructors, identify the Big Five factors personality traits, identify the relationship between them among university instructors, and identify the extent to which theBig Five factors personality traits contribute to the quality of life among university instructors The research sample amounted to (180) teachers, with (86) males and (94) females. To achieve the research objectives, a tool was prepared to measure the quality of professional life and the scale (Radeef and Chatti 2018) developed by (John, Donahue, and Quintel) was adopted. After extracting the psychometric properties of the two tools, they were applied to research sample, The most prominent results were that the research sample had a high level of quality of professional life, and the most prominent personality traits possessed by the research sample were (extroversion, openness to experience, kindness). There is also a statistically significant correlation between the quality of professional life and each of these traits, (extraversion, kindness, conscientiousness, and openness). to experience (There was also significant correlation with neuroticism) and that the traits (kindness and openness to experience) have a direct, statistically significant contribution to the quality of professional life.

The current study aimed to explore:
1. Emotional representation among university students.
2. Subjective well-being among university students.
3. Gratitude among university students.
4. The correlational relationship between emotional representation and gratitude among university students.
5. The correlational relationship between subjective well-being and gratitude among university students.
6. The extent to which emotional representation and subjective well-being contribute to explaining the variance in gratitude scores among university students.
The study sample consisted of (450) postgraduate students from the University of Baghdad. The following tools were used:
• Emotional Representation Scale: Adapted from Sarayrah (2017), consisting of 27 items distributed across four dimensions (imagination, emotional concern, considering others' perspectives, personal distress) measured on a five-point Likert scale.
• Subjective Well-Being Scale: Adapted from Anhar Khalifa Ahmed (2017), consisting of 42 items divided into six dimensions (self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purposeful life, personal growth) measured on a five-point Likert scale.
• Gratitude Scale: Adapted from Watkins et al., consisting of 36 items across three domains (feeling grateful with 15 items, appreciating simple pleasures with 13 items, appreciating others with 8 items).
Findings:
• The study sample exhibited good levels of emotional representation, subjective well-being, and gratitude.
• A statistically significant positive relationship was found between emotional representation and gratitude.
• A statistically significant positive relationship was found between subjective well-being and gratitude.
• Both emotional representation and subjective well-being significantly contributed to gratitude, with subjective well-being having a greater impact than emotional representation.

The current research aims to identify psychological reassurance and its relationship to the variable of artistic expression if the research sample consisted of 200 children from kindergarten for the academic year 2023-2024. The researcher built a scale for psychological reassurance and artistic expression. In order to achieve the research results, the researcher used statistical methods (the t-test equation for two independent samples and the t-test equation for one sample and the Pearson correlation coefficient equation). The results showed that kindergarten children have psychological reassurance in addition to the existence of a correlation between psychological reassurance and artistic expression.

The current research aims to identify the level of moral awareness and social support among university students, as well as examine the relationship between moral awareness and social support. The research sample consisted of 200 students from the College of Engineering, College of Agriculture, Political Science, and college of Education. For this purpose, the research tools were prepared; a moral awareness scale consisting of 30 items with a three-point likert scale and asocial support scale consisting of 24 items with afive-point likert scale.
After applying the scales to the sample members and statistically analyzing their responses using the t-test for one sample and Pearson's correlation coefficient, the results revealed that university students have a level of moral awareness, and they also have social support through their social networks. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between moral a wareness and social support. In light of the results, the researcher provided necessary recommendations and suggestions

This study seeks to examine emotional innovation among middle school students, exploring any variations in emotional innovation based on gender (male, female) and specialization (scientific, literary). It also aims to assess moral flexibility in these students, including differences by gender and specialization, and to investigate the relationship between emotional innovation and moral flexibility. To accomplish these objectives, the researcher developed an emotional innovation scale with 24 items and a moral flexibility scale with 28 items. These instruments were administered to a randomly selected sample of 300 male and female students from the preparatory level. Findings indicate that preparatory students exhibit emotional innovation without significant differences attributed to gender or specialization. Similarly, they show moral flexibility with no notable differences by gender or specialization. Additionally, the results demonstrate a significant correlation between emotional innovation and moral flexibility

The aim of the research was to identify:
1- Maladaptive cognitive structures in middle school students.
2-The level of maladiaptive cognitive structures amojng middle school students according to the variables: gender (males - females) and Specialization (scientific - literary).
3-Quality of life among secondary school students.
4- The level of quality of life among midndle school students according to the variables: gender (males - females) and specialization (scientific - literary) www.
5 - The signifiicance of the differeinces in the correlation betwieen maliadaptive cognitive strucitures and quality of life among middle school students
According to the variables: gender (males - females) and specialization" (scientific - literary)
To achieve the resiearch objectives, the researcher adoipted the following:
The researcher adopted the (Young, 1999) scale of maladaptive cognitive structures, which consists of (75) items.
The researcher prepared the quality of life scale based on a number of previous" studies and standards, and it consists of (20) items. The researcher applied the scale to a sample of (400) middle school students, with a rate of (140)
Males and (260) females for the academic year 2023-2024, and the results were as follows":
1- Preparatory school students in general have a high level of maladaptive cognitive structures and quality of life. Because they have fixed and continuous structures that form their self-concept.
2- The results showed that there are no differences between gender and specialization in maladaptive cognitive structures and quality of life. This is due to the lack of discrimination in terms of socialization and education.
3- 3-The correlation between maladaptive cognitive structures and quality of life among preparatory school students does not differ according to the student's gender and specialization The research concluded by discussing the results and presenting some recommendations and proposals

The current research aims to identify the level of joint attention and the effectiveness of audio-visual entrainment (AVE) technology in improving joint attention among children with autism spectrum disorder, as the pre-test was applied to the research sample of (7) children, by (5) males and (2) females aged (6-12) years, and then the application of the program, which lasted for three months, on the experimental sample, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the scale (Saber, 2023) for joint attention, after the end of the program period, Post-test, the results of the research showed that there are statistically significant differences between the scores of the pre- and post-test on the joint attention scale of the experimental group, and this indicates that the audio-visual entrainment technique has contributed to improving the joint attention of the research sample, the researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions about the results of the research.

The aim of the current research is to measure the level of quality of family life among female home economics students , and to identify the significance of statistical differences in the level of quality of family life among female students according to the variables (parents’ educational level, mother’s profession and economic status . The research sample consisted of female students of the third stage\ Department of Home Economics for the academic year 2023- 2024, consisting of (50) female students , which chosen intentionally . As for the research tool , it consisted of a scale of the quality of family life with its dimensions: family communication and family interaction, including (14)items, The results of the research showed the following : the level of quality of family life among female home economic students was high ,which reflects the presence of family cohesion , strong social support , and an environment of a healthy and supportive family that enhances the well-being of family members. The results of the research also showed that there are no differences in the level of quality of family life among female home economics students based on the educational level of the parents , the mother’s profession, or the economic status of the family . This indicates that the material and social factors do not play a major role in enhancing or reducing the level of quality ,rather the family plays its roles in strengthening family relationships regardless of these factors . The research came out with a set of recommendations and proposals.

The Current Research Aimed To Identify Psychological Distress Among University Professors, Academic Satisfaction Among University Professors, Differences In Psychological Distress Among University Professors According To The Variable Of Gender (Males, Females), And Specialization (Scientific, Humanities), Differences In Academic Satisfaction Among University Professors According To The Variable Of Gender (Males, Females), And Specialization (Scientific, Humanities), The Correlation Between Psychological Distress And Academic Satisfaction Among University Professors. The Research Sample Consisted Of (200) Professors (Males And Females), Who Were Selected Randomly. Then, The Researcher Extracted The Psychometric Characteristics By Finding The Discriminating Power Of Each Paragraph Of The Scale And Finding The Relationship Of The Paragraph To The Total Score Of The Two Scales. The Researcher Also Extracted The Stability Using The Cronbach's Alpha And Split-Half Methods. After Processing The Data Statistically Using The Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS), The Researcher Reached The Following Results: That University Professors Are Characterized By Psychological Distress, That University Professors Are Not Characterized By Academic Satisfaction, There Are No Differences In Psychological Distress According To Gender And Specialization, There Are No Differences In Academic Satisfaction According To Gender And Specialization, There Is A Statistically Significant Direct Correlation Between Psychological Distress And Academic Satisfaction, And The Researcher Came Up With A Set Of Recommendations And Proposals.

The current research aims to identify:
1.The level of moral thinking among the students of the College of Education for Humanities.
2.The level of self-control among students of the College of Education for Humanities.
3.The correlation between moral thinking and self-control among students of the College of Education for Humanities.
The research was limited to the students of the College of Education for Humanities، University of Anbar، were enroltd studies only for all six of its departments and for the academic year (2023-2024)، as the total research community reached (2042) male and female students، and the research sample consisted of (400) male and female students who were selected by simple random method، and the researcher used the descriptive method (correlational relationships) for the research objectives. To achieve the research objectives، the researcher prepared two research tools، where the number of items of the moral thinking scale were (40)، while the self-control scale had (36) items. After applying the two tools to the research sample and analyzing the data using appropriate statistical methods، the results showed:
1.That students of the College of Education for Humanities enjoy a high level of moral thinking.
2.That students of the College of Education for Humanities enjoy a good level of self-control.
3.There is a positive direct correlation between moral thinking and self-control among students of the College of Education for Humanities

This study addresses the phenomenon of students' susceptibility to subconsciously assimilate ideas and adopt behaviors influenced by the suggestibility of others. The research underscores the significance of understanding the level of social suggestibility among students and its potential impact on their positive or negative behaviors.
The research objectives were as follows:
1. To measure the level of social suggestibility among university students.
2. To explore differences in social suggestibility based on gender (male, female) and field of study (scientific, humanities).
To achieve these objectives, the researcher developed a Social Suggestibility Scale validated for reliability and accuracy. The scale was then administered to a sample of university students. The key findings of the study include:
1. University students exhibited a high level of social suggestibility.
2. No significant differences were observed in social suggestibility based on gender or field of study.
The study concludes with several recommendations, including:
• Integrating social suggestibility into group intervention programs in university psychological counseling services.
The study also suggests future research directions, such as:
• Conducting experimental studies to assess the impact of social suggestibility on university students.

The Current Research Aimed to Identify: Ethical Leadership Among Educational Cadres, As Well As Making Comparisons Based on Gender (Males, Females), Marital Status (Married, Single), Academic Achievement (Bachelor's, Master's, Doctorate), and Age Group (23-33) Years, (34-43) Years, (44 Years and Over) Years, for A Random Sample of Educational Cadres (212) Individuals From Educational Cadres, and The Current Research Reached A Set of Results, Including: That Educational Cadres Are Characterized By Ethical Leadership, There Are No Differences In Ethical Leadership Among Educational Cadres According to Gender, According to Academic Achievement, And According to Age Group, And In Light of The Research Results, A Number of Recommendations and Proposals Were Established.

The Paper aims to idenify: (1. Personal peace among university professors, 2. Differences in personal peace according to the variables A- gender (males-females) B- age (30 years or less - more than 30), 3. Identify mental health among university professors 4. Differences in mental health according to the variables A- gender (males-females) B- age (30 years or less - more than 30), 5. identify the correlation between personal peace and mental health among university professors). The research methodology: Descriptive correlational and the. research sample consists (100) male and female professors, The research tools included the personal peace scale Which was adopted and the mental health scale Which was prepared for the current research, and validity and reliability of the two scales were conducted and Statistical methods included (SPSS). The Research results (1. university professors have high and statistically significant personal peace, 2. There are statistically significant differences according to the gender variable in favor of females and there are statistically significant differences according to the age variable in favor of those over 30 years old, 3. University professors have high and statistically significant mental health, 4. There are statistically significant differences in mental health according to the gender variable in favor of males and statistically significant differences according to the age variable in favor of those les them 30 years old, 5. There is a positive correlation between personal peace and mental health that is statistically significant at a the level of (0.05). The research results were interpreted according to the two research theories adopted in the current research. Recommendations included (providing effective support to university professors to reduce stress and enhance the balance between work and life that contributes to creating a healthier and more productive educational environment), (conducting a study on personal peace and the meaning of life among cancer patients).

The current research aims to identify:
1.Motivational perseverance among post graduate students.
2.Perceived self-efficacy among post graduate students.
3.Significance of statistical differences in the correlation between motivational perseverance and perceived self-efficacy among post graduate students.
The research was limited to postgraduate students at Anbar University (master's and doctorate) in the preparatory and writing stage for the academic year (2023-2024). After selecting the appropriate sample, the two scales were applied to the research sample of (275) male and female students who were selected by using a simple random method. The researcher followed the steps of the descriptive approach (correlational relationships) as the appropriate approach to achieve the research objectives. The researcher adapted and developed the two scales to suit the research sample, noting that the motivational perseverance scale consisted of (35) paragraphs, each with five alternatives, while the perceived self-efficacy scale consisted of (30) paragraphs, each with five alternatives. After applying the two scales to the research sample and analyzing the data using appropriate statistical methods on the sample members, the results showed:
1. There is presence of motivational perseverance among postgraduate students.
2. There is presence of perceived self-efficacy among postgraduate students.
3. There is presence of a positive relationship between motivational perseverance and perceived self-efficacy among postgraduate students. In light of the results, the researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions

Human capital is one of the most important resources that must be taken care of, especially at the present time through the sustainability of resources, as human capital consists of knowledge, skills and health capabilities that accumulate in people over the course of their lives, enabling them to exploit their potential as productive members of society. We can reduce poverty and build more inclusive societies through the development of human capital. This requires investment in people by providing nutrition, health care, quality education, jobs, and skills building, and this research is one of the field descriptive researches that relied on a random sample of workers in security institutions numbering (374) researchers. One of the results of the research is that the majority of the sample members are males by (304) and by (81.3%), and that nearly half of the study sample members answered (average) The institution confirms some values, such as: mastery of work, appreciation of education, the right to difference, tolerance, and respect for the other opinion by (177) and by (47.3%).

The research aims to identify the thinking patterns of members of the security services and the negative role resulting from weak thinking , which can be reflected in their performance in facing life pressures. It is likely that this will have negative consequences on the professional work of the security services and thus on the security situation. The research also aims to identify the statistical difference in thinking patterns according to the variable of educational attainment and the difference according to the variable of years of service. So I depended Researcher Tool gauge Develop it Harrison And Bramson , Which Translate it to Arabic supporter Al-Jumaili . It includes: In his picture The final (20) paragraphs, as the stability of the scale reached, using the Cronbach’s alpha method, for the synthetic pattern ( 0.518 ), for the practical pattern ( 0.452 ), for the analytical pattern ( 0.354 ), and for the realistic pattern ( 0.410 ) . Scale on group from The arbitrators , and verification in The two scales Indicators Honesty ( apparent) And the construction ) showed Results that pattern Thinking Realistic He was Dal And the rest Patterns not Function no There is difference Function Statistically Accordingly For variable Collection Academic ( Bachelor's - Master's ) . There is difference dalana Statistically in Patterns Thinking Accordingly For years Service For the benefit of (1-4) years