Psychological Science

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify: - Anti-self accusations among parents of autistic children who are in the autism institutes of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs in Baghdad. The sample of the current research consisted of (100) individuals for the year (2022-2023), and the scale of self-accusations was built based on Horney's theory, and the scale consisted of (26) items. The stability coefficient in the re-test method was (88,0) and in Cronbach's alpha method (70%), and the results showed the following: - The current research sample has self-contradictory accusations.

Abstract:
The research aims to shed light on the effect of delegation as a dimension of institutional empowerment in building leadership skills among a sample of graduates of the State Employee Skills Development Program. The research derives its importance from the fact that empowerment is an administrative strategy whose goal is to develop and develop the institutional field and thus enhance the extent of the institutional benefit in satisfying the needs of society. For this reason, a questionnaire was adopted in collecting data, and the study was applied to a purposive sample of (200) respondents. The research reached results, the most important of which is the existence of a relationship Between delegating powers and building leadership skills, after that a number of recommendations were presented, most notably the necessity of issuing a law that regulates the provisions of delegation in general at all administrative levels.

Abstract:
competence as well as to identify the self-identity of university professors, as well as to identify statistically significant differences depending on the variable and gender. The research sample consisted of (300) male and female professors from Tikrit University, and the researcher reached the following results:
1- The university professor has a high level of cultural competence.
2- There are no statistically significant differences in cultural competence depending on the gender variable.
3- The university professor has a high level of self-identity.
4- There are no statistically significant differences in self-identity according to the gender variable.
5- There is a direct relationship between cultural competence and self-identity

Abstract
This study deals with a very important topic as it relates to the success of state institutions, especially service institutions that care for large numbers of different segments of society. As a result of many studies confirming the importance of caring for the employee and not just the work, because the organization’s data includes both the human and material elements, and the success of the organization depends on what is available to the employee in the work environment. In order for Iraq to enter a new phase, it required change and attention to all institutions, especially service ones. This attention is required today more than before as a result of the circumstances of the previous phase before the year 9/4/2003 AD, which showed many
From the groups of society that suffer from marginalization and loss of rights. The research began with the means and capabilities available to the institution and what it should provide to achieve social satisfaction, represented by the financial capabilities and human resources of the institution. Then the research focused on the skills of the social researcher and how to develop them because of its impact on meeting work requirements. It concluded with the most important challenges facing the institution in its field work to provide services to the families of the martyrs. It consisted of several aspects that were explained.

Abstract:
Crime analysis from a Freudian perspective can focus on the psychological factors that influence individuals and drive them to commit crimes, such as the desire for control, revenge, or gratification of sexual desires. Freud may suggest that crime stems from distortions in psychological development or as a result of prohibited expressions of anger or inappropriate desires. Furthermore, he may propose that some crimes stem from unfulfilled dreams and wishes, prompting individuals to engage in harmful behaviors as an indirect expression of these desires .

Abstract:
The aim of the research is to identify the degree of emotional reassurance among students of the sixth grade of primary school, and to identify the significance of the differences in emotional reassurance according to the gender variable (male - female), according to the variable of academic achievement of the father, according to the variable of academic achievement of the mother, and the research sample consisted of (150) male and female student from the sixth grade of primary school from the center of Baghdad governorate, the measure of Maslow's emotional reassurance was adopted and the results showed the following:
1- The students of the sixth grade of primary school enjoy a high degree of emotional reassurance.
2- There are differences in the emotional reassurance of the students according to the gender variable and in favor of the females.
3- There are no differences in the emotional reassurance of the students according to the academic achievement variable of the father.
4- There are differences in the emotional reassurance of the students according to the variable of academic achievement of the mother.
Based on the research results, the researcher recommended some recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:
The aim of the research is to identify the impact of using the (P.E.O.E) model in developing self-efficacy in learning physics among fifth-grade science female students. The research sample consisted of (71) fifth-grade science female students They were intentionally selected from the research community at (Al-Mirbad Preparatory School for Girls) for the academic year (2023-2024), this sample was divided into two equivalent groups in a number of variables, one of which was experimental and included (35) female students They were taught According to the (P.E.O.E) model, and the other was a control and included (36) female students They were taught according to the conventional method. To achieve the objective of the research and test its hypothesis, the researcher prepared a self-efficacy scale in physics learning, and its final form consists of (20) items indicating the student’s self-efficacy. Adopting a pentagram Likert system that includes five alternatives in front of each item of the scale.
After preparing and setting up the teaching plans, the experiment was applied to members of the two research groups, the data was then collected and analyzed statistically, the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the average scores of the female students of the experimental group and the scores of the female students of the control group on the self-efficacy scale in learning physics, in favor of the experimental group, with a large effect size. Based on the research results, the researcher drew with a number of recommendations and suggestions for future research and studies.

Abstract:
The aim of the current research is to identify the social intelligence of middle school students according to the variable of gender (males - females) and specialization (scientific - literary). A sample was chosen randomly and amounted to (300) male and female middle school students from Salah Al-Din Educational Schools, Baihi District, for the academic year. 2022/2023. The researcher prepared a social intelligence scale, which consisted of (54) items in its initial form, and after verifying the apparent validity of the scale by presenting it to experts and extracting the discrimination coefficient and correlation coefficient for the scale’s items, the scale became in its final form, consisting of (50) items and with a reliability coefficient of (0.83), and this indicates The scale showed good stability, and the study showed results, including the presence of a level of social intelligence among preparatory school students. Males were distinguished by a small difference in the level of social intelligence, and there was a difference in favor of scientific specialization, and there was a correlation between social intelligence and academic achievement. The researcher also reached a number of recommendations, including directing socialization institutions, the family and the school, to develop social intelligence through interaction, development of social skills, and social communication. Conducting further studies on social intelligence and its relationship to other variables. The researcher came up with proposals, including conducting studies on social intelligence for different age levels. The necessity of adopting models of measurement tools to be applied at different educational stages. Conducting comparative studies in social intelligence between school and university educational stages.

Abstract:
The aim of the research is to identify the role of school administration in applying digital technology in the school community, to know the importance of technology in school administration, to know the obstacles facing school administration when applying digital technology, and to shed light on the Iraqi experience of using digital technology by educational institutions (school administrations). The research community consisted of) 250(members of the teaching staff in the secondary schools affiliated with the Ministry of Education in the Second Karkh Education Directorate in Baghdad, and they were selected in a purposive manner, and by following the social survey method in the sample method, in addition to using tools for data, which are the questionnaire, interview, observation, and focus groups. Analyzing the statistical data, the researcher concluded that the majority of the study sample members were female, and the research data indicated that the age group ) 31-37 ( came in first place. The results of the study showed that most of the study sample members had a bachelor’s degree. The results of the study indicate that the highest frequency is for those with years of service) years or more). The results of the study indicate that the school administration is constantly seeking to provide resources that suit the needs of students (laboratories and te (hnological equipment) .

Abstract:
The current research aimed to identify the level of psychological balance among middle school students and the statistically significant differences according to the variable of gender and specialization. The research sample consisted of (300) male and female middle school students, and a tool was prepared to measure the level of psychological balance, and the scale consisted of (30) The paragraph was verified for its validity, reliability, and discrimination, and after using statistical methods (T-test for one sample - T-test for two independent samples - Cronbach\'s alpha - two-way analysis of variance), the results showed the following:
- Middle school students have an average level of psychological stability.
- There are no differences between males and females and between scientific and literary specialization in psychological stability.

Abstract:
The aim of the research is to identify a proposed strategy in the blended teaching for the subject of teaching methods and the attitudes of third-year students towards it in the Department of Life Sciences/College of Education for Pure Sciences.The research population consisted of all students in the third grade, numbering (260) male and female students. As for the research sample, the two sections (A1, A2) were chosen randomly to represent the students in the experimental group, and the students in the two sections (B1, B2) represented the control group. The researcher needed to build a measure of attitudes towards the proposed in blended teaching strategy, which consisted of (37) items. It underwent validity and reliability tests to be ready for application. The statistical results showed that the Average calculation for all paragraphs. pointed out that the attitudes of third-year students in the Life Sciences Department were moderately positive.

Abstract:
The research aims to determine the effect of a modeling-style counseling program in developing secure attachment among primary school students (by testing the following null hypotheses: -
1- no exist of statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the grades of the experimental team members in the pre- and post tests on the secure scale of attachment.
2- no statistically differences at the level (0.05) between the grade levels of the control group members in the pre and post tests on the secure attachment scale.
3- no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the scores of the experimental group and the control group in the post test on the secure attachment scale.
The research is on limit to public school students in the city of Baqubah, affiliated to the Directorate of Education, Diyala Governorate (2023 - 2024) 0
To achieve the goal of the research and test its null hypotheses, the researcher used the experimental method with a design (an experimental group and a control group with a pre-test and a post-test). The basic research sample consisted of (100), from which (20) students were drawn, distributed randomly into the two groups (experimental and control), with a ratio of (10). ) students in each group, and parity was conducted between the two groups in some variables, which are (scores on the secure attachment scale before implementing the program, academic achievement of the father and mother, occupation of the father and mother) ز
The researcher also built a counseling program using a “modeling method” based on social learning theory (Albert Bandura), which was implemented through a counseling program prepared for the purpose of developing secure attachment. The apparent validity of the program was verified by presenting it to a group of counseling specialists. Psychological and educational guidance, and they supported the validity of the program. The counseling program consisted of (12) counseling sessions, two sessions per week, and the duration of each session was (35) minutes. The researcher used statistical methods to process the data using the statistical portfolio program (SPSS).
The research results showed the effect of the modeling method in developing secure attachment for the research sample as follows:
1- There are statistically significant differences between the grades of the experimental group before applying the counseling program and after the program on the secure attachment scale, for the benefit of the post-test.
2- There are no statistically significant differences between the control group’s grades in the pre-test and post-test on the secure attachment scale.
3- There are statistically significant differences between the grades of the experimental group and the control group in the post-test on the secure attachment scale, in favor of the experimental group ز
The results showed that the modeling-style guidance program has an impact on developing secure attachment among students. In light of the research results, the researcher came out with a number of conclusions, proposals.