Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

The experiment was conducted in a field of Crop Department in Abu Gharaq / Hilla / Babylon province during 2013 growing season to determine the influence of four dates of seeding (15/5 , 15/6 , 15/7 and 15/ 8) and four stimuli spray (salcylic acid 0.5 and 1 mM , humic acid , high phosphorus

Experiment was performed in the laboratories of Faculty of Science / University of Babylon, to diagnose the difficulty of rooting response in some varieties of vegetable crops, fruit trees and ornamentals. The results were revealded that vegetable crops are easy -to- root with variation in rooting percentage, so the highest rooting response was represented by pumpkin squash and the lower was represented by Watermelon. On the other hand fruit trees and ornamentals can be divided into three groups according to their easy or difficult to rooting response:

Tillering /m2 foliar applications of elongation stage significantly increased , plant height, weigh of t1000 grain , grains yield , grain yield at enlongation stage gave the highest value which was 4.42 t/ha. Foliar applications of nutrients at booting stage significantly increased , flag leaf area. Application of humi stars at conc. 25ML /L. significantly increased all characters , grain yield was 4.78 t/ha.All of trails were significantly influenced by interaction between foliar stages x humi stars conc. Spraying solution containing humi stars at enlongation stage gave the highest weightof1000grain,was 40.25gram.

The aims of this study were to detection of infection with salmonella spp. In animals and human and main serotypes of salmonella that common between men and animals
For this purpose 80 persons had been examined (20 cow breeders, 20 sheep breeders, 20 poultry workers and 20 persons did not deal with domestic animals) and examined the animals (40 cows and 40 ewes ) that dealing with them.
The study appeared that the infected ratio in the cow breaders was 15%, while in cow 12.5% and main types of salmonella that isolated in both them were Salmonella typhimurium. As well as the study demonstrate that the infected ratio sheep breeders were 15% and in sheep 17.5% main types of salmonella that isolated in both them were Salmonella typhimurium
The present study showed that the ratio of infected in poultry workers were 10% , while the contamination ratio in poultry field were 80% and main types of salmonella that isolated in both them were Salmonella enteritidis. While the infected ratio in person not treated with animals was 5% and main isolated type was salmonella typhi.

This experiments was carried out in the lath house of Horticulture department-College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad during season 2011-2012 to find out the impact of local orange budwood soaking in BA (0,100 and 300 ) mg/l budded on 3 rootstocks (sour orange , volkamer lemon, cleopatra mandarin ) and spraying
producd sapling with Brassinolide (0, 0.003 , 0.005)mg/l on scion growth,the experience was conduct in split-split plot in RCBD design Results can be summarized as follew:
BA)300mg/L) gave the highest means in vegetative dry weight, leaves chlorophyll content , leaves carbohydrats content and leaves content of N.P.K. saplings treatment with 0.005 mg/l brassinolide gave the highest vegetative dry weight and carbohydrates. Interaction of 300 mg/l BA with 0.005 mg/l brassinolide increased in vegetative dry weight and carbohydrates .Interaction between volkamer lemon rootstock, 300 mg/l BA and 0.005 mg/l brassinolide gave the highest means of chlorophyll leaves content and

The study was conducted to examine the effect of explant type and Benzyladenine (BA) on culture initiation and multiplication of three Strawberry's (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars using plant tissue culture technique. Several experiments were conducted comprising study of two explant types (apical meristem and runner tip) of the three cultivars: Festival, Robican and Sweet charly response to surface sterilization and in vitro culture under various concentrations of the cytokinine BA. Results indicated that the lowest contamination percentage (5%) was achieved in Festival cv. which was significantly deferred from Robican and Sweet charly cvs. (15%), while apical meristem was lower contaminated (6.6%) than runner tip (16.6%). Murashige and Skooge (1962) (MS) medium with 0.5 mg/L BA gave the highiest percentage of in vitro response of runner tip for Festival cv. (90%) and the highiest number shoots/explant (6.2) while apical meristem for the same cultivar gave 5.1 shoots/explants. In multiplication stage, Festival cv. was the best and gave 12.43 shoots. BA at 1.0 mg/L was the best concentration and gave 16.7 shoots. The highest multiplication mean was achieved for culturing Robican cv. shoots on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA plus 0.1 mg/L IBA (17.6 shoots). Festival cv. record highest number of leaf/plantlet (24.02). The highest average of leaf number was achieved in Robecan (33.9 leaf). The above results is useful in the micropropagation protocol of Strawberry.

Field experiment was conducted in a private field at Al -Absara village of Al Dabla region , 20 Km south the center of Babylon province during 2013 – 2014 season , to study the effects of different concentrations of Calcium sulfate ( 0, 50 , 100 . 200 ) ppm spray on plant leaves as first treatment and addition of different concentrations of sulfuric acid ( 0 , 0.025 , 0.5 .0.1 ) N to the soil with irrigation . the experiment was distributed according to Randomized Complete Block Design ( RCBD ) with three replications and the means were compared using ( LSD ) test at 0.05 probability level , in order to know the effect range of the two study treatments on phosphorus plant content .Results showed a significant effect due to sulfuric acid Specially at 0.025 N level on leaf P content . No effect was obtained due to calcium levels , while there were significant effects of all sulfuric acid levels specially at 0.1 N level on grains content of phosphors as well as calcium levels ( 50 & 100 ) ppm .Concerning to Nitrogen , the sulfuric acid showed a significant effect, while there were no significant effects due to calcium levels .

An experiment was conducted at College of agriculture, Field Crop Production Department, to study the effect of spraying concentrations of Fe (0, 50 and 100) mg.L-1 and Zn (0, 50 and 100) mg. L-1 and their interactions on some vegetative properties and biological yield of wheat IPA 99, at silty clay loam soil, classified to Typic Torrifluvent. Requirements of N, P and K were added Concentrations’ of Fe and Zn as sulfates were sprayed at three stages of plant growth (vegetative growth, boating and flowering stages). Randomized complete block design was used with three replicates.

The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effect of wetting/ drying cycles in some physical and chemical soil properties on two different soils: reaclamated and Saline. In selecting 8 samples from different soils and droing it wetting and drying scales by water or acid according to one cycle, two cycles and three cycles- on wetting and drying. Samples are being together for- every soil. physical characters massed as: M.W.D, %W.S. Decreasing in MWD and %W.S.A in different soils by using a water in different soils and the cycle no.3 was a higher decreasing where it was M.W.D 0.14 , 0.01 in two different soils reaclamated and saline ,%W.S.A 3.02 and 0.08 in two different soils reaclamated and saline , but in saline soil the results shows a some increasing in M.W.D. and %W.S.A when acid was used, cycle No.3 was a higher increasing where it was M.W.D 0.19 and %W.S.A 3.06, and decreasing in M.W.D. and %W.S.A. in Reclamated soil where it was M.W.D 0.10 and %W.S.A 0.30.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of addition of different levels of fenugreek seeds on some productive and physiological traits for Red Americans Hyline laying hens . The study was carried on for the period 28\4\2013 until 11\8\2013 for 24-40 weeks old at 8 periods each one spend 14 days by using 216 hens randomly distributed on six treatment each one has three replicates . The results of traits indicated that the fenugreek seeds showed asignificant increase of H.D production , yolk index , Haugh unit and highly significant of egg weight , egg mass , food conversion coefficient , no significant effect of shell thickness , body weight . asignificant decrease for glucose , cholesterol and yolk cholesterol asignificant increase of (LH, FSH and Estrogen hormones) for fenugreek seeds treatment .

The Effect of Seeding Rates and The Weed of Herbicides In Crop Growth Rates and Relative Growth and Net Assimilation of Rice Crop In Different Durations

This study was conducted to estimate the concentration of some Heavy metals, (cadmium, lead, zinc, iron, manganese, selenium and nickel) in the muscles of three different categories in the weight and length of fish Hamri Barbus luteus (Heckel) collected from the Euphrates River from Saddat- Al- Hindiya Region dam , during October 2009 to September 2010 . and estimated the concentrations of Heavy metals in river water ( dissolved and particulate phase) , And also study of some physical and chemical properties of water river temperature of the air and water, pH, Electrical Conductivity (E.C.) , Salinity, Speed of Flow, Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.), Biological Demand of Oxygen (B.O.D.) Total Suspended Substances, Total Dissolved Substances, Total Hardness and the Hardness of Calcium, Magnesium and plant nutrients (nitrate , nitrite and phosphate) , which were variety depending on the heterogeneity of months studied.

This study was carried out in college of Agriculture / Al-Qasim Green University, for 13/2/2014 until 1/5/2014 included thirty one lambs with average age of four months and average weight of 27.903 ± 3.410 kg.
Unb uThe current study was aimed to the study of The Correlation between polymorphism of leptin gene and growth of Awassi lambs.
The results of the current study can be summarized as follows:
1 AA , AH and AM genotypes for the lambs of Babylon province were recorded higher weight ( P < 0.05 ) which were 44.650 , 41.593 and 43.683 kg respectively compared to AR genotype ( 34.250 kg ) .
2 AB and AH genotypes inquired the highest significant weight gain (14.250 and 14.210 kg respectively), and the lowest weight gain was for AA and AR genotypes (10.400 and

The experiment was conducted on 17 / 5 / 2013 – 17 / 7 / 2013 to study use of the Mushroom (heels and legs) Pleurotus ostreatus in common carp fingerlings feeds Cyprinus carpio, used 120 fish with an average of primary weight 0.33 ± 105.08 GM distributed randomly on four treatments in three replicates for each treatment and 10 fish per bis, the four treatments are subdivided as follows:-the first treatment compare 0% wast of mushroom by repeating, treatment (2) 7.2%, waste of mushroom (3) 9.9% waste of Mushroom, treatment (4)-12.6% contains waste of mushroom. The results showed superiority of treatment fourth morally(p <0.05) for each of the ( average weight , the rate of increase total weighted ( g ) , the rate of increase weighted daily ( g ) , rate the protein efficiency % ) and for the period (15 , 30 and 45.60 ) on the rest of the treatments. This study concluded that the remnants of mushrooms oyster result is similar to the mushroom itself in terms of its use as a source of carbohydrates in the diets of common carp fish to increase the growth rate and immune. Addition to its higher protein content, which is the source of vegetable protein as possible be used in the diets of common carp fish.

A Field experiment was conducted on the vegetable field - Department of Horticulture and Landscape gardening - College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during spring season 2013 to study the effect of different levels of Agrosol and Enraizal on the vegetative growth and yield quantity of Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme plants. Three concentrations of Agrosol (0,3,6 g/l ) and Enraizal (0,2,4ml/l) were used respectively .The experiment was conducted by using (RCBD) with three replicates. The results could be summarized as follows: Agrosol treatments were significantly increased most of the studied characters .The highest level (6g/l) was more effective on number of leaves (128.66 leaf/plant), leaf area (159.60dsm2.plant-1), whereas the level (3g/l) had an effect on dry weight (235.58 g/plant) and the leaves content of total chlorophyll (348.66 mg /100g fresh weight). However, the highest level 4ml of Enraizal .l-1 had a significant effect in the leaf area (153.41 dsm2.plant-1) , dry weight (230.94 g/plant) ; whereas, level 2ml Enraizal .l-1 was increase the leaves content of total chlorophyll (350.90 mg /100g fresh weight ).The fertilizer procedures had more effect on the characters of the quantity yield. When the interaction between 6g Agrosol and 0 ml Enraizal .l-1 gave the highest rate of fruit number, yield per plant , and total yield of (349.72 fruit/plant , 1.96 kg/plant , and 55.49 ton/H ) respectively . Finally, the interaction between treatments had a significant effect on the most of the study parameters .

Astudy was conducted at poultry farm /Department of Animal Production /Agriculture College /Al-Qadisya University to study the effect of using different concentration of mycotoxins type (T-2 ) on some immunological characteristics and internal organs in broiler (Hubbrd F15 ). Broiler which feed meal contain mycotoxin type T-2. Four hundred of broiler were used and divided into four treatment (0,50,100,150 ppm) immunological traits in this study ,NDV and IBV and Globulins and H/L.

This study conducted in Almahwil date palm research station / Minstary of Agriculture during two successive seasons 2011and 2012on date palm Sultani cv. at(six years old, to investigate the effect of Salicylic Acid (S0=0, S1=150 and S2=300) ppm, drip irrigation (IR1=16L.hr-1and IR2=32L.hr-1) and chemical fertilizers treatment (F1) and applied mycohrriza (F2) on date palm growth characteristics, number and length of leaves,the percentage of dry weight ,chlorophylle, carbohydrate, NP contents in leaves,. Results of this study can be summarized as follows:Drip.

The Present study aimed to investigate the isolation and diagnosis of the Soybean roots rotting causative agent with the evaluation of some agents of bioprotection and its protection efficiency under the Laboratory and the Lath house environment . Results indicated that isolation from efected Soybean roots the presence of Rhizoctonia solani Fungus which is presented in recurrent condition from all samples that brought Karbala province fields. The fungus isolates referred that the pathogenic isolate of R.solani showed of Soybean seeds cultivation which was significantly surpassed for increasing the pathogen city severity to 100% as compared to the control which was zero%0 ,I n addition the pathogenic fungus led to significant reduction of lengths with the wet and dry weights of the greenish and root parts of the plant . Antagonistic ability of Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria indicated a high efficiency inhibition of the pathogenic fungus by 76.66% . Also, alcoholic and water extract of (bee bread Borago officinalis L plant and the spikyAmaranthus spinosus and normal cock comb) Amaranthus retroflexus had an efficacy in inhibition of the pathogenic fungus on PSA medium Moreover, the bee bread plant extract gave the best efficiency as compared with the other extracts .whenethe inhibition percentage of the pathogenic fungus of the water extract of bee bread plant was (15%) 57.4% , while the alcoholic extract was (10%) 75.6% . Topsin M herbicide gave a high inhibitory action at the concevtrotion (1%) on the PSA medium at the presence of the pathogenic fungus which was 80.37% in comparison with the control . Lath house results indicated that all treatments caused reduction in the infection percentage and the severity of infection .The interaction between the A.chroococcum with the alcoholic extract of bee bread plant with the bacteria and the water extract of the bee bread plant showed an efficiency in reduction of infection rate with its severity in root rotting that cosed by R.solani . The inhibition percentage of the two treatments was 26.7,10.00,46.70and 16.67% respectively in comparison with the pathogenic fungus treatment alone when the infection percentage and severity was reaened 100% .All treatments led to significant elevation of the studded plant growth parameters as compared with the pathogenic fungus alone , the dry and wet weights of the green and root parts in the two treatments of the bacterial interaction with the alcoholic extract of the bee bread plant and the bacterial treatment with the water extract of the bee bread plant as well by the presence of the fungus were 3.63, 1.81. 3.40 and 1.72gm respectively and the dry weight were 2.08 , 0.65, 2.04 , and 0.58gm respectively.

This study was carried out in the Tuwaitha research station/Seed Technology Center/Ministry of Science and Technology to assess 61 aerobic rice genotypes entered from International Rice Research Institute IRRI in Philippines. The same genotypes were planted in 7 environments in two countries China and India during the agricultural season of 2009. Cluster analysis was used for early flowering and grain yield (t/ha). The results showed that genotypes distributed to (9) clusters and environment to (5) clusters for both characters. Genotypes 3, 4 and 10 were found in the same cluster for both characters and distinguished by an excellent high yield and early flowering.

This study was conducted as a survey to the avian influenza (H5N1) virus in racing pigeon (Coloumbia livia domestica) in three regions of Iraq in December 2013. Sixty four cloacal swabs were collected from cloaca of pigeon that used as racing pigeon in three regions of Iraq (Two in Babylon, one in Baghdad). Prepeared diagnostic kit was used for this perpuse. The results were detected for each test and the data were statistically analyzed by using Chi –square test. The results of this study revealed a significant(p<0.05)differences between the cases obtained from the tests, and the negative cases were the majority, while the minority is the positive cases , also there was no significant differences between the positive , negative and weak positive that examined for different region. The study recommended to conduct more tests and analyses that more accurate for isolating and identifying the type and serotype of virus by hemagglutination assay (HA), the Multiplex Reverse Transcription– Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and using the nucleotide sequence. Therefore, it could be concluded from this study is that possibility of the pigeon (Coloumbia livia domestica) to be the mode of transmission and spread the disease ,whether to human or animal and other domestic avian and its contribute to environmental pollution and impact on public health through contamination of one of the environmental vital components like water sources .

This study was conducted as a survey to the avian influenza (H5N1) virus in racing pigeon (Coloumbia livia domestica) in three regions of Iraq in December 2013. Sixty four cloacal swabs were collected from cloaca of pigeon that used as racing pigeon in three regions of Iraq (Two in Babylon, one in Baghdad). Prepeared diagnostic kit was used for this perpuse. The results were detected for each test and the data were statistically analyzed by using Chi –square test. The results of this study revealed a significant(p<0.05)differences between the cases obtained from the tests, and the negative cases were the majority, while the minority is the positive cases , also there was no significant differences between the positive , negative and weak positive that examined for different region. The study recommended to conduct more tests and analyses that more accurate for isolating and identifying the type and serotype of virus by hemagglutination assay (HA), the Multiplex Reverse Transcription– Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and using the nucleotide sequence. Therefore, it could be concluded from this study is that possibility of the pigeon (Coloumbia livia domestica) to be the mode of transmission and spread the disease ,whether to human or animal and other domestic avian and its contribute to environmental pollution and impact on public health through contamination of one of the environmental vital components like water sources .

Twenty four Awassi lambs 4-5 months aged and 27.04 ± 2 Kg as average body weight were used in this study . lambs were randomly allocated in to four groups(6 lambs each).The animals were fed in the groups as indvidual feeding(3% of body weight) on 4 rations; without additives as a control ration(T1) ,with add 150gm of propolis(pro;T2), or 2kg of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc;T3) and mixed of pro + Sc/ton (T4) .The forth of rations were compressed as pellets, barely straw was given ad lib and free , clean water. The experiment lasted 90 days. Results indicated the followings:

Leaching experiment of disturbed Sabkha soil columns was conducted under field conditions in AL- Numaniyah district Wasit province from (08/10/2013) to (11/01/2014) . By using saline water to study its effect of leaching on some physical and chemical properties of soil and the fresh water that can be saved and determined the leaching norm . Two methods of leaching : continuous leaching and intermittent leaching(L1 , L2) and four qualities of leaching water (S1,S2,S3,S4) were used .The soil from above area , was packed in the columns in two depth , the surface depth (0-37) cm and the salinity was (138.88) ds.m-1 and the underneath surface depth (37-75) cm and the salinity was (47.14) ds.m-1 .

Tetranychus urticae prefere the var. Barshelona in the first rank, then Abed-Aswed,then Karema for mature end immature (larva and nymph) and for the eggs . Morphological studies show that Karema var.pussess more trichomos then Abed Aswed and Barshelona .This trait has an Obvion impact on the mites, Therefere ,Barshelona was more preferable by the organism for its growth and development , while Karema was the lowest . the results show that there was a differences in trichomos density among the leaf parts ( Blade , main vien and secondary viens) , the blade , however contain less density , this would explain the accumulation of the mites on both sides of the leaf blade.

A study on the effect of foliar sprays of Salicylic acid (SA) and a liquid fertilizer Bekon on vegetative growth and flowering of Salvia splendeas was carried out at lathhouse belonging to Hort.Dept.college of Agic./Univ. of Baghdad from Nov./2012 to Sep./2013. Plants were srayed by 0, 50, 100, 200 mg/l of Salicylic acid , and 0, 1.5, 3.0 ml/l of Bekon. Result can be summarized as follow: