JOURNAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCHES

The current research aims to identify the intellectual resilience of female trainers of autistic children. The sample consisted of (200) female trainers of autistic children in the city of Baghdad during the academic year (2024-2025). The researcher constructed a scale to measure intellectual resilience according to the theory of (Cobasa 1974), in addition to her knowledge of previous measures related to intellectual resilience After extracting the psychometric properties, reliability and validity of the scale, the final version of the scale consisted of 30 items with five response options . Then the researchers distributed the scale to the research community selected from autism centers and institutes in Baghdad.The statistical methods used were arithmetic means, standard deviations and the t-test for a single sample. The results showed that the calculated t-value of (10.77) was greater than the tabulated t-value of (1.96), which means that the sample of autistic children\'s trainers possessed intellectual resilience.

The present study aimed to develop a pictorial semantic memory test for students in special education classrooms (fourth- grade elementary school students), to provide an accurate tool to assess semantic memory skills in alignment with the needs of this specific population. To achieve the study objectives, the researchers selected a sample consisting of 200 male and female students.
The research instrument (pictorial semantic memory test) was constructed based on Tulving’s theory of semantic memory (Tulving, 1993). The essential skills that represent the cognitive structure of this type of memory were identified, and the test items underwent logical and statistical analyses, including assessment of item discrimination power and validity indicators (face validity and construct validity).
Test reliability was verified using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20), yielding a coefficient of 0.763, indicating a good level of internal consistency.
The final version of the semantic memory test consisted of 80 items, distributed across 10 key skills as follows: Selective attention (5 items), Recitation (5 items),Semantic repetition of words (5 items),Semantic repetition of numbers (5 items),Production of semantic rhythmic structure (5 items),Phonological awareness and discrimination (5 items),Vocabulary comprehension (9 items),Picture naming (10 items),Semantic classification and ordering (6 items),Functional sentence comprehension and integration (25 items),The test was administered to the study sample of 200 special education students during the academic year 2024–2025. The researchers concluded that semantic memory can be reliably and validly measured among students in special education settings.

The current study aims to identify the technological awareness among female students in the kindergarten department. The research sample consisted of (100) female students in the kindergarten department who were selected using stratified random sampling. To achieve the research objectives, a measure of technological awareness was prepared and a statistical was used (spss) to extract the appropriate statistical procedures for research in terms of validity and reliability Search results to
- kindergarten students possess a of high level of technological awareness
-There are statistically significant differences in technological awareness according to the educational stage variable in favor of the third stage

The current research aims to:
1. Develop a mosaic thinking test for female students in the Department of Kindergarten Education.
2. Measure the level of mosaic thinking among female students in the Department of Kindergarten Education.
The study adopted a descriptive approach. To achieve its objectives, the researcher selected a sample of 100 female students from the Department of Kindergarten Education at the College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University. The researcher developed the research tool (the mosaic thinking test) based on Beverly\'s theory (Beverly, 2024). After completing the procedures for constructing the mosaic thinking test, which included 48 items in its final form, the researcher applied the test to the research sample. The researcher verified the psychometric properties of the test. After statistical analysis using the SPSS software, the researcher concluded that the female students in the Department of Kindergarten Education possess mosaic thinking. Based on the research findings, the researcher proposed a set of recommendations.

The aim of this research is to identify (the effect of the five pillars model on the achievement of fifth-grade science students in physics and their visual intelligence). An experimental design was adopted for two groups, so the total sample was (59) students of the (fifth scientific) grade from (Ibn Al-Farid Secondary School for Boys) affiliated with the General Directorate of Education - Diyala for the academic year (2024-2025) AD, distributed into two sections A consisting of (30) students and Section B consisting of (29) students. Section A was randomly selected to represent the experimental group for the research to be taught using the five pillars model, and Section B to represent the control group for the research to be taught using the usual (followed) method. Based on that, an achievement test was built for what the material contains, consisting of (40) objective paragraphs from the same multiple category. A scale for visual intelligence was also adopted for (Nabil, 2008), as this contained The scale has eight types of intelligence, as the researcher took one type of visual spatial intelligence, which is related to the research and includes (18) paragraphs that were built on four options, and then the validity of the test and the scale was confirmed, as well as their stability and psychometric properties, and then the strength of the discriminating paragraphs, their difficulty factor, and the effectiveness of their alternatives was verified after the two groups were equalized in the variables (the students’ previous achievement, their chronological age in months, and a test of their mental ability). By using the T-test, the results of the test and the statistical scale were that there was a statistically significant difference between the scores of students who were taught with the (five pillars) model for the experimental group and students who were taught with the usual method (control group) in favor of the experimental group in the achievement test of physics. There was a statistically significant difference between the scores of students who were taught with the (five pillars) model for the experimental group and students who were taught with the usual method (control group) in favor of the experimental group in the visual intelligence scale. Based on the results of the research, the researcher had a vision of the necessity of: - Adopting this model in teaching physics. And including it in the curricula and methods of teaching the scientific subject in colleges of education..

The current research aims to investigate:
1- Natural intelligence in kindergarten children
2- Differences in natural intelligence among kindergarten children according to the gender variable (male-female).
To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researchers a sample of kindergarten children in Baghdad, both Karkh and Rusafa. The research sample consisted of (150) boys and girls. A Natural Intelligence Test was prepared, consisting of (18) items. After extracting the psychometric characteristics of validity and reliability & using statistical methods
(T-test for one sample, T-test for two independent samples ). the researchers concluded the following:
1- Kindergarten children possess natural intelligence.
2- There were no significant differences in natural intelligence between male and female kindergarten children

The current study aims to identify the level of serious creativity among students in gifted schools, as well as to identify the level of serious creativity according to the variables of gender (male, female) and grade (first, second, third) in intermediate education. A stratified random sample (equality method) was selected, including (120) male and female students from the gifted schools affiliated with the Baghdad Third Rusafa Education Directorate. The researchers constructed and applied a serious creativity scale, following all scientific steps and procedures, which in its final form included (48) items. The results showed a generally weak level of serious creativity among the sample of gifted schools, while the level of serious creativity increased slightly in favor of males. The level was also affected by the grade variable.

The current research aimed to identify the creative behavior of distinguished students and progressive deepening, as well as knowing the nature of the relationship between creative behavior and progressive deepening among distinguished students, and also knowing the differences between males and females for both variables. To achieve these goals, it was required to adopt a tool to measure creative behavior according to (Bruch, 1988). And building a tool to measure progressive deepening. The two scales were subjected to validity and reliability procedures, and the scale was applied to a sample of (200) male and female students in exceptional high school students, both male and female. The results were as follows: The presence of creative behavior and progressive deepening among the distinguished male and female students, and there are no statistically significant differences between males. And females in creative behavior and progressive deepening, and there is a statistically significant relationship between creative behavior and progressive deepening among outstanding male and female students..

The current research aims to identify \"the effect of the knowledge keys and educational supports strategies on the achievement of geography among fifth-grade literary students and the development of their deductive thinking.\" The study sample consisted of (94) students, divided into two experimental groups. The first group studied geography according to the knowledge keys strategy, with (31) students. The second experimental group studied the same subject using the educational supports strategy, with (32) students. A control group studied the same subject using the traditional method, with (31) students. The researcher rewarded the three research groups with the following variables: chronological age, intelligence, prior knowledge, and deductive thinking. The researcher relied on two tools to measure the dependent variables of the research: constructing an achievement test consisting of (32) items, and a deductive thinking test consisting of (32) items. After the researcher verified their validity, reliability, and psychometric properties, and after applying them to the study sample, the data were analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS). The study reached results indicating the superiority of students in the first and second gropes .

The current research aims to identify (administrative intelligence and proactive behavior among middle school principals and their relationship to job alienation among faculty members). Accordingly, six; objectives were formulated to explore the followingaspects the level of administrative intelligence among middle school principals, the level of proactive behavior among middle school principals, and the level of job alienation among faculty members from their point of view, and to know the relationship between the research variables. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed an administrative intelligence scale, consisting of (20) items, the proactive behavior tool consisted of (20) paragraphs, and the job alienation tool consisted of (20) paragraphs in their final forms. After that, the researcher applied the research tools to the sample members, which amounted to (750) individuals from the faculty members, who were chosen from the basic research sample, which amounted to (2400) individuals, at a rate of (31%). After completing the application of the research tools to the sample, the data were collected and analyzed using the computer program (SPSS), and statistical methods were used (the mean Arithmetic, standard deviation, hypothetical mean, Cronbach's alpha, one-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-value) The research reached the following results: middle school principals have administrative intelligence, and have proactive behavior, and faculty members do not have job alienation, and there is a positive relationship between the variable of administrative intelligence and proactive behavior, and there is no relationship between both administrative intelligence and proactive behavior with the variable of job alienation / in Baghdad Governorate / Third Rusafa Education Directorate, One of the On keyt recommendation proposed by the researcher is to enroll school administrations in training courses on educationall leadership and management ,

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effects of the the impact of the "Your Questions and My Answers" strategy on the acquisition of Arabic grammar rules and the development of reflective thinking. To verify the aim of the research, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group who study Arabic grammar using the strategy (Your Questions and My Answers) and the average scores of students in the control group who study the same subject using the traditional method in the post-achievement test prepared by the researcher. . The two groups were exposed to the achievement test and the reflective thinking test. The study population comprised schools in Diyala Governorate , specifically the Al-Muqdadiyah Education Directorate, with Al-Hadi Intermediate School for Boys. The research sample amounted to 60 students, with 30 students for each group. Key results revealed the experimental group’s superiority over the control group in both Arabic grammar achievement and reflective thinking

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of a YouTube video-based program in developing the concept of climate change among kindergarten children and to examine the differences between males and females in understanding this concept. To achieve the research objectives, the following hypotheses were formulated:
1. There is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of children in the experimental group who were exposed to the program and the mean scores of children in the control group who were not exposed to the program regarding the concept of climate change at a significance level of (0.05).
2. There is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of males in the experimental group and the mean scores of females in the same group regarding the concept of climate change at a significance level of (0.05).
The research sample was randomly selected, consisting of (60) kindergarten children from Al-Safa Kindergarten, affiliated with the Directorate of Education in Al-Rusafa First in Baghdad. The children were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which included (30) children (15 males and 15 females), and the control group, which also included (30) children (15 males and 15 females).
To achieve the research objectives, the researchers developed a pictorial test to measure the concept of climate change among kindergarten children. The theoretical framework adopted for constructing the test and program was Lester’s Theory (Lester, 2020). The test consisted of (30) items. Additionally, an educational program was designed to enhance children's understanding of climate change. The program was implemented with the experimental group.
The researchers conducted a pre-test to measure the concept of climate change among both the experimental and control groups before applying the program, followed by a post-test after implementing the program. The research adopted the experimental design of control and experimental groups with pre- and post-testing. Data were statistically analyzed using the t-test for independent samples, leading to the following results:
1. A statistically significant difference was found between the scores of the experimental group and those of the control group, favoring the experimental group. regarding the concept of climate change at a significance level of (0.05), And in favor of the experimental group.
2. There is no statistically significant difference between "no significant gender-based diferences were observed within the experimental group".
3. regarding the concept of climate change at a significance level of (0.05).
The study concludes with several recommendations and proposals for future research.

This study investigates the effect of the network analysis strategy the achievement of fourth-grade literary students in the subject of the history of Arab-Islamic civilization.
on the achievement of fourth-grade literary students in the subject of the history of Arab-Islamic civilization.
The researchers chose an experimental design with two groups: one experimental and the other control. The two research groups (experimental and control) were matched on the following variables:
)chronological age in months, previous year's grades, intelligence test(
The researchers selected Al-Salam Intermediate School for Boys as the field of research. It is one of the schools affiliated with the city of Baghdad / Karkh First Education Directorate. Two classes were selected from the fourth-grade literary classes. One represented the experimental group, studying history according to the network analysis strategy, with a total of (38) students, the number of members of the research sample reached (76) students. The subject included the first three chapters of the book (History of Arab-Islamic Civilization), scheduled for the academic year. 2024-2025
The test was validated in tearm of reliability, item difficulty, and discrimination indices resulting in the final achievement test consisting of (40) items.

The current research seeks to identify the effect of the Question Harvesting Strategy on achievement in the supject of literature Texts" among fourth-grade literary students. To implement and achieve this, the researcher employed a quasi-experimental methodology approach. The null hypothesis was formulated: "There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group studying literature and texts according to the question harvesting strategy, and the average scores of students in the control group studying the same subject according to the traditional method in the post-test." The researcher adopted an experimental design with two groups: an experimental and a control group, and a post-achievement test. He identified fourth-grade literary students at the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / First Rusafa / North Baghdad Education Department as the research population. He also identified fourth-grade literary students at Wadi Al-Rafidain Preparatory School for Boys as a sample representing the original population. The research sample included 97 students, with 48 students in the experimental group and 49 students in the control group. The sample selection process was random, and statistical equivalences were conducted on a set of variables (chronological age calculated In months, previous achievement, and intelligence test.The research tool was determined as an achievement test consisting of 40 objective items and 10 essay items, and its psychometric properties were verified. The researcher selected the scientific material, represented by literary topics scheduled to be taught to students in the fourth literary grade in the 2024/2025 academic year. The researcher designed 200 behavioral objectives and subsequent teaching plans for the two research groups.The experiment was implemented in the first semester of the 2024– 2025 academic year, using the t-test for statistical analysis. The researcher concluded that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the students in the experimental group.The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) as a statistical tool for processing data and extracting results. The researcher concluded that there was cognitive and intellectual interaction resulting from the application of the question harvesting strategy. The researcher recommends the necessity of adopting modern teaching strategies in teaching, as they have proven effective in broadening students' horizons and increasing their academic achievement. The researcher proposes conducting a similar study on other branches of the Arabic language.

The research aimed to identify the effect of the TPACK model in developing Delete the collective thinking among students of the Department of Art Education in the teaching methods subject. To confirm the aim of the research, the researcher used the experimental design with two equivalent groups delete a pre-test and a post-test. The research community was made up of third-year students in the Department of Art Education. A sample of (60) male and female students was taken, divided equally into two groups, an experimental group and a control group"The researcher used two tools: a collective thinking test and an achievement tes To reach the research results, the SPSS statistical package was used, and it showed the most important results, including: The presentation using the TPACK model effect clearly aroused interest in the content, as it involved cognitive processes and technology together, so the students interacted with it and their enthusiasm for it increase- Providing educational material content in a practical form that combines traditional processes and technology, and differs from what students were previously familiar with, which was presented only in the form of Students receive feedback at different times, which they determine themselves. This can be done via the course professor’s email or through other online instructors. d, and this is one of the things that may help in increasing learning

The current research aims to identify kindergarten department students To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher selected a random sample of 150 students from the Kindergarten Department, College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya Universit. The researcher adopted a self-efficacy and productive thinking scales based on previous studies. The self-efficacy scale consisted of 30 items distributed dimensions, while the productive thinking scale consisted of 20 items across four dimensions The five-point Likert scale was was used to measure the response to each item of the scale. The psychometric properties of the validity and reliability of the scale were extracted. The researcher used appropriate statistical methods to analyze them and derive the results. The results of the current research reached the presence of self-efficacy and productive thinking among kindergarten students Significant relationship was found between self-efficacy and productive thinking among kindergarten department students.

The aim of the current research is to investigate the extent to which multiple intelligences are included in the content of the Art education teacher’s guide for the intermediate stage. "employed a descriptive approach using content analysis..." guide for grades (first, second, third) in the intermediate stage according to multiple intelligences, Therefore, A checklist comprising seven intelligences was developed, with each intelligence represented by three sub-indicators , and after the researcher completed the analysis of the art education teacher’s guide for the intermediate stage in light of those intelligences, she concluded that the total repetitions for the three grades amounted to (665) distributed repetitions. To (230) repetitions for the first intermediate grade, with a percentage of (34.59%) of the total number of repetitions While the second grade average repetitions reached (224) with a percentage (69.36%) of the total number of repetitions, while the third grade average repetitions reached (191) with a percentage (72.28%) of the total repetitions Accordingly.

Human emotions and feelings are considered the primary driving force of behavior, as they delete these words as they are an essential aspect of human behavior closely linked to an individual's life, personality, and interactions with different people and their behaviors. Some individuals possess emotional intelligence, enabling them to adapt to others, while others lack this emotional maturity, often struggling with issues of adaptation and harmony within their society.This study aims to examine the following:
1. the level of emotional intelligence among students in the Department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance.
2. the level of social coexistence among students in the same department.
3. The correlational relationship between emotional intelligence and social coexistence among these students in the Department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance.A study was conducted on a sample consisting of 100 students from the Department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance, equally distributed between males and females, selected through a stratified random sampling technique to ensure a fair representation of the research population. The researcher constructed a scale for measuring emotional intelligence consisting of 20 items, with each item rated on a Likert scale, based on the mixed model of emotional intelligence proposed by Bar-On and James (1999). Additionally, a social coexistence scale was developed for students in the Department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance, also consisting of 20 items, each rated on a five-point scale, based on the theoretical framework of Lazarus and Folkman (1984).The researcher derived the psychometric properties of the scales, including validity indicators related to apparent validity and internal consistency, and reliability indicators such as test-retest reliability and item-total correlation coefficients. The results indicated that the scales had acceptable levels of validity and reliability. Statistical methods such as the t-test for two independent samples and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. The findings revealed an inverse relationship between high emotional intelligence and low social coexistence among students in the Department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance. Based on these results, the researcher formulated a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for future studies.

The current research aims to know future imagination among students of the Kindergarten Department, and the significance of the differences in future imagination among Kindergarten Department Students according to the academic stage. To achieve the research objectives, a scale of future imagination was constructed by reviewing previous theoretical frameworks and studies. The scale was evaluated for logical and statistical validity for its discriminatory power and reliability coefficients. The apparent and internal validity of the items was confirmed, and the scale was applied to a sample of (200) students from the Kindergarten Department at the College of Basic Education at AL-Mustansiriyah University for the academic year (2024-2025), selected randomly and using the descriptive survey approach. After extracting the psychometric characteristics of the scale and using appropriate statistical tools to analyze the results, it was found that the final version of the scale consisted of (40) items. The current research reached the following results : Kindergarten Department students demonstrate a high level of future imagination. There are statistically significant differences in future imagination among Kindergarten Department students between the first and fourth stages, with differences favoring the first stage. However, no differences were found among the other stages.

The current research aims to investigate:
1. Growth Mindset Among student in the Kindergarten Department
2. The significance of differences in growth mindset among student in the Kindergarten Department according to the variable of academic level.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher selected the Sample population from the student in the Kindergarten Department at the College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University. A growth mindset scale was prepared consisting of 26 items. After evaluating the psychometric properties of validity and reliability, the final version of the scale was developed and applied to the main of sample of 160 students. After statistically processing the data, the researcher concluded the following: _ student in the Kindergarten Department are characterized by a growth mindset. There are differences in the developmental mindset between first- and fourth-grade students, in favor of the fourth-grade students, while no differences were found between the other grades

The aim of the study is to explore attentional control among female students in the Department of Kindergarten Education, as it is considered one of the fundamental skills that influence both academic and professional performance. The researcher developed a measurement tool specifically designed to assess attentional control among students in the Kindergarten Education Departmen.
The study sample consisted of 100 female students who were randomly selected from the research population at the College of Basic Education – Al-Mustansiriyah University. To analyze the research data, the researcher employed the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) tailored for the humanities.
The study yielded the following results:
The students demonstrated a good level of attentional control, particularly in their ability to regain focus after interruptions and to ignore external distractions.
Based on the findings, the researcher proposed a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of the Schmick model on the achievement and development of scientific values among female students of the second-year intermediate level in physics. This was verified through the following hypothesiss. The research population was identified as second-grade female students in Al-Marooj Intermediate School for Girls, which was intentionally selected for the academic year (2024-2025) with a total of (159) students distributed across five classes (A, B, C, D, E). The researcher utilized the experimental design with two groups, one experimental and the other control, partially controlling each other and subject to a post-test. By random assignment, classes (C and D) were chosen as the research groups, defined respectively as the experimental and control groups. The total number was (65) students, and after excluding statistically failing students from both groups (3 and 4 students respectively), the research sample consisted of (58) students, with (29) students in each group. Both groups were matched for variables such as (intelligence, prior knowledge in physics, previous achievement in physics from the previous grade, and scientific values). The scientific material was limited to the first three chapters of the second-grade physics textbook, scheduled for the first semester of the academic year (2024-2025). The researcher taught both research groups personally. Behavioral objectives for the three chapters were formulated, amounting to (127) behavioral objectives representing the six levels of Bloom's taxonomy in the cognitive domain, respectively (remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, evaluating). Teaching plans were prepared accordingly, totaling (16) plans for the experimental group based on the steps of Schmick's model, and the same number for the control group using the traditional method. Samples of both plans were presented to referees to ensure their validity in representing the content and the steps of Schmick's model and the Traditional teaching method. For the research tools, the researcher designed an achievement test consisting of (40) multiple-choice items with four options for each. The validity of the test was confirmed, and its reliability coefficient was calculated with an agreement rate of (84) The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher performance in the scientific values assessment compared to the control group, with an effect size of 0.22. Additionally, a scientific values test was designed, including (50) items for the scale, with (5) items for each scientific value described in declarative statements with three response alternatives (Agree, Disagree, Neutral). The validity, reliability, difficulty coefficient, and discriminatory power of the test were confirmed. Using the (t-test) for two independent samples of equal size, the results showed the superiority of the experimental group students, taught using Schmick's model, over the control group students, taught using the traditional method, in the scientific values test.Based on these findings findings, the researcher concluded that teaching using Schmick's model has a significant effect on acquiring scientific values, with an effect size of (0.22). In light of these results, A number of recommendations and proposals related to the research outcomes were provided.

This study aims to identify "the effect of teaching using the Frayer model on the acquisition of health concepts among students of the College of Basic Education and their health awareness". To achieve the aim of the research, the two null hypotheses mentioned below were formulated. The research sample consisted of (60) male and female students from the Department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance, who were intentionally selected from the research community, which represented all students of the College of Basic Education at Al-Mustansiriya University. Section (B) was chosen by random assignment to represent the experimental group, their number was (30), and Section (A), whose number was (30) as a control group. The two groups were rewarded with the variables (intelligence, previous concepts in the school health subject, chronological age calculated in months, and health awareness). The researcher prepared the two research tools, the first of which was a test for acquiring health concepts according to the analysis of the vocabulary of the school health education course for the fourth stage, consisting of (40) multiple-choice test items with four alternatives. The second is the health awareness scale. The researcher adopted the (Al-Ubaidi 2013) scale, which consisted of (84) paragraphs distributed over five areas (food health, environmental health, individual health, infectious diseases, drugs and smoking) for three alternatives (agree, disagree, don't know). The validity and reliability of the two tools were verified before application, and they were applied to the research sample after the experiment was completed to obtain results. The research results showed that the experimental group students who studied according to the Frayer model outperformed the control group students who studied according to the traditional method in the health concepts acquisition test as well as the health awareness scale, as the calculated T-value for each of the test and scale reached (2.103) (2.11) respectively, greater than the tabular value of (2.000) at a significance level of (0.05). Based on the above, the researcher concluded that teaching according to the steps of the Frayer model has an effect on acquiring health concepts in the subject of health education as well as increasing health awareness among students. In light of this, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals related to the research results.

This study aims to explore the level of psychological and social cognitive depth among mothers in the process of raising their children. The research is limited to mothers of kindergarten children during the academic year (2024/2025), who were selected randomly to ensure diversity in the sample.
To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher developed a scale consisting of 30 items designed to measure
the psychological and social cognitive depth of mothers of kindergarten children.The content validity of the scale was verified through expert review. After validation, the scale was administered, and statistical analysis was conducted to examine the distinctiveness and statistical significance of the items. As a result, 28 items were retained, based on their statistical relevance and clarity. The scale employed a three-point Likert scale with the options: "Always," "Sometimes," and "Never."
Furthermore, the researcher examined the correlation between the total item score and confirmed the reliability of the scale using the test-retest method, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.93, which indicates a high level of reliability.

The current research aims to identify "The Effect of the Cognitive Analogical Learning Strategy on the Achievement in the Subject of Literature and Texts among Fourth-Year Literary Female Students."
To achieve the research objective, the researcher adopted the experimental method using a quasi-experimental design with a post-test for the research group. The research population was then defined, and the sample consisted of (67) fourth-year literary female students from (Aisha Secondary School for Girls), which was intentionally selected by the researcher from the schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Rusafa Second.
The sample was randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (33 students) and a control group (34 students). The researcher ensured equivalence between the students of the two groups in the following variables: (chronological age in months, parents' educational attainment, and final scores in the Arabic language subject for the previous academic year).
The researcher taught the experimental group using the Cognitive Analogical Learning Strategy, while the control group was taught using the traditional method. The scientific material used in the experiment was selected from the Literature and Texts textbook for the fourth literary grade for the academic year 2024–2025.
The researcher formulated the behavioral objectives, which amounted to (124) final objectives, and prepared teaching plans, some of which were presented to experts. A post-test was also prepared by the researcher, consisting of (30) items distributed across the six levels of Bloom's Taxonomy, to serve as the research tool.
After conducting the experiment, the tool was applied to the research sample. The researcher used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for statistical analysis.
The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in their achievement in the subject of Literature and Texts. The differences were statistically significant between the two groups. One of the most important conclusions was that the Cognitive Analogical Learning Strategy proved effective in improving the achievement level in the subject of Literature and Texts among fourth-year literary female students compared to the traditional method.
The researcher recommends adopting the Cognitive Analogical Learning Strategy in teaching the subject of Literature and Texts and suggests conducting similar studies at other educational stages and with other variables as a continuation of this research.

The current research aims to identify job passion among kindergarten teachers, the differences in job passion based on years of service, and the intellectual competence of kindergarten teachers, the differences in intellectual competence based on years of service, and the relationship between job passion and intellectual competence among kindergarten teachers. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a job passion scale and an intellectual competence scale, then analyzed the items of both scales logically and statistically to calculate their discriminatory power and validity coefficients. The researcher also verified the apparent validity and construct validity of the scales by applying them to a sample of (200) kindergarten teachers in Baghdad, specifically in the Rusafa side (first, second, and third) for the academic year (2024-2025), using a random method, and employed a descriptive approach. The psychometric properties were extracted from the validity and reliability of the two scales, and appropriate statistical methods were used to extract them and derive the results. Thus, the final version of the work passion scale consists of (27) items, and the final version of the intellectual competence scale consists of (18) items. The research reached the following results: Kindergarten teachers are characterized by work passion, there are statistically significant differences based on years of service for the two variables, kindergarten teachers are characterized by intellectual competence, and there is a significant positive relationship between work passion and intellectual competence.

The aim of the current research is to identify (Internet addiction among female students in the Kindergarten Department).
To achieve the objectives of the research, the following aspects must be addressed:
1. Internet addiction among female students in the Kindergarten Department.
2. Identifying the significance of statistical differences in internet addiction among female students in the Kindergarten Department according to the residential variable (rural, urban).
3. Identifying the significance of statistical differences in internet addiction based on the academic level variable (first, second, third, fourth year).
The researchers developed a special scale for measuring internet addiction. This scale was reviewed by 8 experts specializing in early childhood education to evaluate the validity of its items. The researchers used an indicator of face validity. As for the reliability of the scale, it was assessed using two methods: test-retest and Cronbach's Alpha. The reliability coefficient of the internet addiction scale using Cronbach’s Alpha reached (0.91) after removing items (1, 3, 22), which is considered a high reliability coefficient.
Based on the research objectives and after applying the scale to the sample, the following results were obtained:
• There are no statistically significant differences among Kindergarten students regarding internet addiction, as the calculated t-value was less than the tabulated t-value of (1.96) at a significance level of (0.05) and a degree of freedom (99).
• There Were statistically significant differences in internet addiction according to the residential variable in favor of urban areas, as the calculated t-value exceeded the tabulated t-value of (1.96) at a significance level of (0.05) and a degree of freedom (98).
• There were statistically significant differences based on academic level, as the calculated F-value exceeded the tabulated F-value of (2.68) at a significance level of (0.05) and degrees of freedom (3, 96).

English is increasingly viewed as essential for academic and professional success, understanding the efficacy of different teaching methodologies is crucial. This research investigates the strategies implemented in teaching English as a Foreign Language and their effects on Iraqi university students. It examines a range of pedagogical approaches, including communicative language teaching, task-based learning, and the integration of technology in the classroom. Data were collected through surveys, classroom observations, and assessments of student performance to determine the effectiveness of these strategies. The findings suggest that while traditional methods still hold value, incorporating interactive and student-centered techniques significantly improves language proficiency and engagement. Moreover, the use of digital tools was found to facilitate learning, particularly in enhancing vocabulary and listening skills. This research provides insights into the most effective strategies for teaching English as a Foreign Language instruction in Iraqi universities and offers recommendations for educators seeking to improve English language teaching outcomes in similar contexts.