Nanar Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. In the name of God, the One, the Unique. In the name of God, the Eternal, the Self-Sufficient. Praise be to God, abundant praise, and peace and blessings be upon His chosen Messenger and upon his pure and virtuous family.
Now then...
Today we will discuss the topic of \\"The Religious System in the Poetry of Sayyid Ja\\'far al-Hilli,\\" which occupies much thought, and we hope to do it justice.
We also hope that the topic has covered all its important and relevant aspects, and that no information has been omitted.
I followed the descriptive approach in writing the research. The research components consisted of an introduction, in which I addressed the concept of linguistic and terminological system, the concept of cultural criticism, and the life of the poet Ja\\'far al-Hilli. The first consisted of two chapters. The first was titled \\"Manifestations of the Religious System in His Poetry,\\" in which I addressed the poet\\'s poems commemorating the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and poems commemorating religious figures of his time. I analyzed the poems.
The second chapter was titled \\"The Artistic Study,\\" and it dealt with poetic language, repetition, and intertextuality in the poet\\'s collection of poems.

Women have a great status in Islam. Islam has honored them and given them the status that suits them and their nature. It has looked at them and at men as indivisible and that each of them complements the other in order to build the Muslim family, which is the nucleus of society. Women did not gain their rights as human beings except under Islam. Before that, they were oppressed and deprived of their most basic human rights.
It was a commodity that could be bought, sold, and inherited. When Islam came, it removed this injustice from it and restored its status and made it a partner with man in the principle of humanity, just as it is a partner with him in reward and punishment in work in our time, in which the Muslim woman in particular has been targeted to deprive her of her dignity, chastity, and religion, especially her veil. It was necessary to talk about that based on what came from the Greatest Messenger.

There is no doubt that the divine providence undertook the preservation of the Noble Book. Among the clearest signs of this divine care is that God selected certain individuals, shaping them under His special guidance and endowing them with exceptional intellectual and psychological abilities. Their biographies and life stories offer compelling evidence that fills the heart with unwavering conviction: these remarkable minds were not prepared in such a unique way except for a noble mission — to safeguard the Qur’an, both in hearts and in written form. Among these men was Imam al-Jurjani and his book “Darj al-Durar.” In verses and surahs, I chose the topic of my research from it, which is “The exegetical narrations according to Imam al-Jurjani in his book (Durj al-Durar fi Tafsir al-Ayah and Surahs) an objective study.” This research consisted of an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. In the first section, I spoke about Imam al-Jurjani’s personal life and his academic standing, and it was based on two requirements. The first requirement: I spoke In it, it is about the personal life of Imam al-Jurjani, and the second requirement: it was about the scholarly life of Imam al-Jurjani, As for the second topic: I spoke in it about the exegetic verses of Imam al-Jurjani, and it was also based on two objectives: the first: the verses contained in Surah Al-Baqarah and Al Imran, and the second: the verses contained in Surat An-Nisa and Al-Hajj, then I concluded the research with a conclusion in which I showed the most important results, then the sources and the most important references.

This study aims to explore the concept of belief in the unseen (al-ghayb) in Islam and analyze its impact on psychological stability during crises, using the Coronavirus pandemic as a practical model. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to understand the concept of belief in the unseen based on Islamic religious texts, in addition to an applied approach examining real-life cases during the pandemic. The findings reveal a strong positive relationship between belief in the unseen and mental health, as this belief helped believers accept difficult circumstances with confidence and tranquility, reducing anxiety and depression levels. Studies have shown that faith in God’s decree and destiny enhances individuals' ability to cope with stress and provides a sense of calmness and hope even in the darkest times. Therefore, belief in the unseen can be effectively used as an important element in preventive and therapeutic programs within the fields of psychology and social care.

This study explores the manifestations of loss and grief in modern Arabic feminist poetry through an analytical examination of selected poems by twentieth-century Arab women poets. The research highlights how these poets express emotions of loss and sorrow within personal, social, and political contexts, emphasizing the psychological and aesthetic dimensions of their work. It also outlines the distinctive features of feminist poetry, such as symbolism, emotional introspection, and engagement with societal conditions. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study finds that grief in modern feminist poetry transcends traditional elegy, reflecting profound existential and psychological concerns.

The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, lived for twenty-three years in the arena of preaching, all of which was devoted to jihad and preaching, guidance and education, and establishing an everlasting nation and an everlasting religion. His final illness was not a departure from this path, but rather its conclusion, revealing his concern for his nation, his complete advice to them, and his continued preaching of the truth.
The signs of his illness began on the twenty-second night of Safar in the eleventh year of the Hijra. The illness was severe and intermittent, during which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would regain consciousness sometimes, then become more severe, to the point that he was carried on the shoulders of his companions to pray. Then his illness became more severe, so he ordered that water be poured over him, and he recommended that he stay in the house of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), and he remained there for the rest of his days.
In these difficult days, when the pain of these days silences the greatest orators and the anguish of these days silences the most eloquent tongues, the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, continued to provide guidance and advice, issuing commandments that demonstrate his comprehensive knowledge, complete mercy, and intense concern for the nation.
The Sahihs and biographies contain a collection of these commandments that the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, gave during his final illness. They are scattered throughout the narrations and distributed across different occasions, but they are united in their purpose and united in great objectives: preserving monotheism, fulfilling the trust, observing prayer, protecting the nation, and warning against extremism and disagreement.
This is what this research seeks to explore, not only by collecting texts, but also by analyzing their contents, contemplating their implications, and deriving lessons from them, especially those related to the field of advocacy and preachers, as this was and remains the greatest gateway to mercy for the nation.

The process of shaping Muslim youth, creating their thinking, and extracting their potential is possible when the right means are taken. The best guidance for this is the Sunnah of the Prophet, peace be upon him. The ideal society is the society that existed during the era of the Prophet, which built the human being in the most perfect and complete manner. The Prophetic contents in raising the human being and reforming his thinking came in a variety of ways that include all members of society. We have chosen the most prominent of them, stating their general benefit, especially for youth.
Young people need to be contained, rediscovered, and given opportunities that are commensurate with their abilities at a time when the talents of young people are being ignored. The guidance of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, with young people was to be kind to them, understand the nature of their thinking, and respect their opinions. He guided and directed them in a manner that was commensurate with their abilities, encouraged them, and assigned them tasks that would elevate their aspirations and strengthen their souls, preserving them from deviation.

The Role of Women in the Prophet\'s Biography: A Reading of the Positions of the Mothers of the Believers

This research is a critical study of all types of defects in the narrations of Abd al-Wahhab al-Thaqafi, which are characterized by disagreement. It also highlights the areas of disagreement and their authenticity.
It then identifies the narrators of Abd al-Wahhab al-Thaqafi, explains their status, and identifies the most reliable and less reliable narrations based on circumstantial evidence. The research consists of an introduction, a preface, three chapters, and a conclusion, along with footnotes and the most important sources and references.

Contemporary Arabic discourse—particularly within digital environments—is experiencing significant syntactic transformations that affect sentence structure and grammatical patterns. These changes are driven by evolving modes of communication, increased use of social media, and the hybridization of Classical Arabic with colloquial varieties and foreign languages. This study aims to analyze these transformations through the lens of modern linguistic approaches, including functional grammar, transformational grammar, and pragmatic linguistics, using selected Facebook posts as a representative model of digital Arabic discourse.
The research explores syntactic phenomena such as ellipsis, fronting, reduction, and referential ambiguity, comparing how different linguistic schools interpret these patterns. It also investigates the underlying factors behind these transformations, including pedagogical weaknesses, the influence of digital media, and socio-cultural and psychological shifts. Ultimately, the study proposes a flexible linguistic framework that moves beyond rigid normative views and considers grammar as a dynamic communicative tool shaped by real-life usage and context.

Selecting a sanitary landfill site is a critical step in implementing a solid waste management program. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to accomplish due to its dependence on various factors, constraints, and perspectives. Growing environmental awareness has exacerbated the difficulty of identifying a landfill site. Increasing population density, public health considerations, and the scarcity of suitable land for landfilling are all challenges that must be overcome. It is important to determine the location of the landfill. The primary goal of the landfill site selection process remains to establish the site in the most suitable location with the least negative impact on the environment and population. While it is difficult to find an ideal location for solid waste landfill in terms of geological and hydrological characteristics, determining the location as the best possible can reduce costs. Accompanying the use of lining layers, design, and monitoring. For this purpose, a set of digital maps of the city of Tikrit was prepared using geographic information systems applications. A set of digital maps of the city of Tikrit was prepared using geographic information systems applications. They included residential areas, main and secondary roads, airports, and the vicinity of valleys and salt marshes.
The distance to the sanctuary was determined for each, taking into account the prevailing wind direction in the city. After combining the information indicated on each map, a single map was obtained. The result of marking all the areas where burial is prohibited was the remaining areas on the composite map, which represent the areas where burial is permitted.
The most suitable solid waste landfill sites were identified in the study area using GIs technology.

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the ( PENTAGRAM ) strategy in the achievement of expression skills among second-year of Intermediate school students in the writing subject. To achieve this goal, the researcher formulated
the following zero test:
There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group who studied the essay subject according to the (pentagram strategy) and the average scores of students in the control group who studied the same subject using the traditional method in the achievement test. The researcher identified essay topics from the Arabic Language Book, Part Two, which is scheduled to be taught to the second intermediate grade. The current research community consisted of intermediate and secondary schools for boys affiliated with Babylon Governorate - Al-Hashimiyah District for the academic year (2022-2023). The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control for two equivalent groups (experimental and control) with the post-achievement test was carried out according to this design. Al-Sharif Al-Murtada Intermediate School for Boys was intentionally chosen to represent the research sample.
The researcher randomly selected Section (A) to represent the experimental group, which had (27) students, and Section (B) to represent the control group, which had (27) students. The researcher conducted statistical equivalence between the students of the two groups according to a number of variables. A set of behavioral objectives for the academic content and teaching plan models were formulated for the two groups. To measure the level of achievement, the researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (40) items after it was presented to a group of experts and arbitrators. The experiment continued for a full semester, and the data were collected and processed statistically using appropriate statistical methods. After statistically analyzing the results, which showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group over the students of the control group, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.

Arab linguists are accustomed to using the term “singular” in their linguistic books to denote a specific meaning in their minds, whether this term is present in the books of their predecessors or in the explanations of the later ones who came after them.
When we study their use of this term, which we mean by study, analysis and discovery, we find that they have mixed up the usage and meaning - as will become clear in the following research pages - - Therefore, it is necessary to establish a precise definition for the term “singular” that benefits researchers and removes the ambiguity and confusion inherent in the linguistic meaning, which may cause confusion in meaning.

This research addresses the study of the ancient Egyptian language and its writing systems (Hieroglyphic, Hieratic, Demotic, and Coptic) through the lens of French Orientalist thought, which played a pivotal role in deciphering and reviving the ancient Egyptian language scientifically. The research highlights the major contributions of French Orientalists, particularly after the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, which marked a significant turning point in understanding the hieroglyphic script. Jean-François Champollion’s efforts are central to this study, as he is credited with solving the mystery of this complex script that had long puzzled scholars. The study also sheds light on the nature of the Orientalist discourse and how it dealt with the Egyptian writing systems—not only as tools of linguistic expression but as a key to uncovering the secrets of an ancient civilization.
Additionally, the research examines the perspectives of French scholars on the development of the hieroglyphic script and its evolution into later scripts. It also discusses how Orientalists viewed the Egyptian language in connection with its religious, cultural, and symbolic dimensions. The study aims to provide a critical analysis of Orientalist approaches—whether they were objective or influenced by colonial and ideological motives—and whether these writings relied on documented evidence or were shaped by imagination and stereotypical views of the East. The study also highlights the lasting presence of Champollion’s name in academic writings and modern cinematic portrayals of Egyptian hieroglyphs and antiquities.

The Al-Hafs family is one of the Arab families that left a clear impact in Transoxiana and Khorasan, especially during the rule of the Samanid and Ghaznavid emirates. This family was distinguished by its activity in spreading Islamic sciences, foremost among which were jurisprudence and hadith. This family contributed to establishing the Hanafi school of thought in Transoxiana.
Given the importance of the role of this family, we thought it necessary to shed light on the lineage of this family and the role of its sons in the cities of Transoxiana and Khorasan in supporting religious and scientific life. The scholars of this family excelled in the Sharia sciences, contributing to the flourishing of the intellectual movement. They excelled in jurisprudence, hadith, and language, and contributed to building intellectual and sectarian schools that emerged in the Islamic East through teaching, as they had students who carried knowledge from them to all parts of the Arab Islamic state. Studying this family and their scientific legacy shows how Arab families such as Hafs contributed to the spread of Islamic culture in Transoxiana and Khorasan. Therefore, we call for studying the heritage of scholarly families to understand the historical race of Islamic civilization in the Islamic East.

The current research aims to identify the level of metacognitive thinking among students in private higher education. The researcher conducted the study on a purposive sample consisting of third-stage students from the College of Pharmacy (Department of Pharmacy) and the College of Education (Department of English) at Al-Farahidi University. A research tool (Metacognitive Thinking Scale) was developed to assess the targeted thinking level among the study sample. The necessary statistical analyses were conducted using hypothetical means and t-tests. The results indicated statistically significant differences in favor of the hypothetical mean for students of both colleges, suggesting that the level of metacognitive thinking among the students was below the desired level.To examine whether there were statistically significant differences attributable to the specialization variable (scientific vs. humanities), the researcher conducted an independent samples t-test. The results showed no statistically significant differences between students of the two colleges, indicating a similar level of thinking regardless of specialization. The researcher attributed the weakness in metacognitive thinking among the sample to several factors, most notably: reliance on traditional teaching methods, limited direct training on higher-order thinking skills for both instructors and students, and a lack of diversity in assessment methods. Based on the results and conclusions, the researcher recommended the integration of metacognitive thinking skills into university curricula, training teaching staff on thinking strategies, and activating programs to develop students' thinking skills.

American policy toward Syria and Lebanon began with missionary missions, with the goal of promoting cultural and social activity. However,
after World War I, this policy changed due to geographic and political changes. Syria and Lebanon separated after the recognition of the French mandate. This, in turn, did not eliminate the policy of greed toward the two countries, as the phase of offering concessions to oil companies began, due to the strategic location of Syria and Lebanon. The final phase of American hegemony was achieved through meeting economic and military needs, especially after the declaration of the Waterman and Eisenhower Doctrines

This paper examines August Strindberg’s The Father (1887) through the lens of Jacques Derrida’s deconstructive theory, focusing on the interplay of perception, language, and power to reveal how the play subverts traditional notions of family, gender, and authority. Drawing on concepts such as différance, trace, and binary opposition, the analysis demonstrates how Strindberg critiques patriarchal structures and exposes the instability of meaning within personal relationships. Captain Adolf becomes trapped in a web of suspicion and semantic manipulation, where language ceases to affirm identity and instead dismantles it. The play suggests that the search for truth is inherently flawed—each attempt at resolution generates further doubt and contradiction. In doing so, The Father anticipates key modernist concerns with identity, epistemology, and control. By situating Strindberg within a deconstructive framework, this study highlights both his influence on modern drama and the enduring relevance of deconstruction in literary criticism. Ultimately, the play reveals how individuals become entangled in the very symbolic systems they rely upon to make sense of their lives.

Mediation has long appeared in the anthropological literature as mediators as figures who connect disparate social worlds and, using their knowledge, skills, and authority, bridge gaps between populations, usually disadvantaged, and those in power.
Focusing on mediators in anthropological analysis shows us the diversity of mediators and the dimensions of mediation in changing environments Rapid community and personal connections between different actors, locations and rationales provide insights into development processes. Intermediaries played a key role in facilitating trade exchanges between producers and consumers.
In Iraq, which was a center of ancient civilizations such as the Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian This led to the emergence of a class of intermediaries who contributed to organizing markets and facilitating the movement of goods. Intermediaries played an increasing role in the economy, contributing to providing commercial information, ensuring fair exchange, and facilitating contracts between different parties. The Ottoman era, and subsequently the royal and republican periods in Iraq, witnessed significant developments in commercial intermediary systems, reaching the modern era in this field

The Muslim Mujahideen movement emerged in Arakan following Burma's independence in 1948. It was primarily composed of Rohingya Muslims In the Arakan (Rakhine) State, many of whom sought greater political and religious rights. The Rohingya faced systemic marginalization and discrimination, particularly under Burmese government policies that neglected their rights and sought to assert Buddhist dominance over multi-ethnic regions. In this context, the Mujahideen movement arose to demand their rights and resist the government's repressive policies. The Burmese government responded with harsh military campaigns, includeincludeing attacks on Rohingya areas, widespread displacement, and mass arrests. The government labeled the Mujahideen as a threat to national security and branded them as outlaws.

The aim of the study is to determine the extent to which students enrolled at the university receive secondary education services, or to assist the university in determining the most appropriate university majors, as well as to demonstrate their vision for descriptive analytical approaches in future integration into graduate work. The results indicate that students who received services to help them identify the most appropriate college majors performed better than others. University services help students identify the most appropriate college majors. Data on students' vision of the future after graduation indicate that students want to find work in the public or private sector.
Some of them want to start their own businesses, whether within or outside the professional field, while others are considering emigrating and working abroad. The study demonstrates the importance of providing academic advising services to universities and colleges in order to provide effective secondary educational advising, after it has been well researched, systematically based on scientific research, and adopted by universities.

Ernest Hemingway's stories, most of which were centered on the character Nick Adams, were powerful representations of his personal struggles and recurring themes. Nick Adams is a recurring figure in Hemingway's short stories and is considered a fictionalized embodiment of the author himself. These stories, written in turbulent periods in Hemingway's life, trace Adams' melancholy journeys back to the very theme of loneliness over and over again. It emerges through strained friendships, love relationships that have gone sour, or just the human reality of some kind of loss waiting ahead. Nurtured by emotional intensity and poignant solitude, other short stories fully representative of this motif would be "Father and Son," "The Three-Day Blow," and "The End of Something." In "Father and Son," Hemingway dramatizes an emotionally complex parental disconnection, which prepares a background for a repeated motive of loneliness. "The End of Something" is the pain of disintegration of a relationship, therefore reinforcing that feeling of lonely continuity in Adams' narrative arc. Emotionally powerful moments in these stories not only stress the theme but also point out Hemingway's ability to channel his personal struggles into his literary creation while making Nick Adams a vessel in order to represent the human condition.

Since the narrator is one of the most prominent elements in ancient and modern Arabic stories, and because he is the appropriate key to understanding the text, and because he has not received sufficient study, it is necessary for the student of the narrator in the novel to investigate the nature of his presence in the novel in comparison to the characters, on the one hand, and to the pronoun he speaks with, on the other.
Accordingly, this study attempts to pave the way for this path, addressing essential issues, despite their being primary, such as studying the concept of the narrator, his functions, types, and his influence on the text. In other words, it examines the theoretical aspects related to the narrator and his role in the novel "The Fall of a Crypt" by Nawzat Shamdin. Therefore, the subject of this study is "The Role of the Narrator in the Novel "The Fall of a Crypt" The narrator in Nawzat Shamdin's novel The Fall of the Crypt).

Consensual democracy, or as some call it, integrative democracy, is one of the most prominent models of modern democracy, which emerged to address some of the problems and crises that free democracies suffer from in the world.
The idea of consensual democracy goes back to the Dutch thinker Arendt Lijphart, who is considered one of its first theorists and considered it a theory of democratic governance in a pluralistic society, as stated in his well-known book “Consensual Democracy in a Pluralistic Society” published in 1968.
It is worth noting that this concept has been subject to several names. Gerald Lamborg described it with the phrase “relative democracy” in his research on democracy in Austria and Switzerland. The sociologist Bingham Powell called it “social fragmentation,” and York called it.

The Impact of Organizational Resilience on Crisis and Disaster
. Management Plans
Key Findings: Enhanced Preparedness: Resilient organizations demonstrate superior threat anticipation, flexible planning, and proactive training (e.g., COVID-19 scenario drills in healthcare systems).
Effective Response: - 30-50% faster decision-making during crises (UNDRR data). Dynamic resource reallocation capabilities. Improved stakeholder communication (e.g., supply chain adaptations during the 2021 global shipping crisis)
Accelerated Recovery: 40% shorter operational downtime compared to non-resilient organizations. Systematic integration of lessons learned (e.g., Japan's 2011 earthquake recovery models)
Critical Benefits:Risk Mitigation: 55% reduction in potential losses (McKinsey 2022). Reputation Protection: Maintained trust during prolonged crises. Competitive Advantage: Faster return to normal operations Implementation Challenges: Cultural resistance to adaptive processes. Budget constraints for resilience infrastructure. Bureaucratic inertia in traditional organizations
Success Factors: Leadership commitment to flexibility. Continuous stress-testing of plans. Technology integration (AI/ML for risk prediction) Cross-sector collaboration frameworks.Conclusion: Organizational resilience transforms crisis management from reactive protocols to strategic, future-proof systems, with measurable improvements in survival rates and long-term performance during disruptions.
"Resilience is the new sustainability in organizational strategy." - Harvard Business Review (2023)
(Word count: 198 - Optimized for academic/executive briefings)

The research aims to identify the role of organizational culture in activating the professional creativity of employees at the National Library and Archives, and the extent to which a good work environment contributes to professional creativity, enabling employees to gain new experiences. It also aims to identify the level of professional creative behavior of employees at the institution in question. A random sample was used, representing employees working at the National Library and Archives. The size of the selected sample was (45) employees with various specialties, and the number of returned questionnaires was (45). Through analyzing the questionnaire questions, the research reached a set of conclusions, including:
1- The hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and professional creativity of employees at the National Library and Archives can be accepted, with a value of **548 and a significance level of 0.000.
2- The hypothesis that there is a significant effect between organizational culture and professional creativity of employees at the institution in question can be accepted, with a value of 34.6%. 3. The results of the statistical test revealed that the highest value across the main variables was for organizational culture, with a standard deviation of 79577 and an arithmetic mean of 2.2704.
The most important research proposals were as follows:
1. Overcoming all obstacles and problems that stand in the way of training employees working in the relevant institution to be creative, so that they can achieve the desired performance through training.
2. The culture of the community in which they operate must be taken into consideration, as it is the primary factor in shaping organizational culture.
3. Each employee must work according to their specialty to enable them to be creative in it, rather than being assigned to do the work of others

Craft projects are characterized by their traditional character, which is embodied through the nature of the production of goods that depend on a group of simple materials that can be easily obtained and at cheap prices and excellent quality, a manual factory carried out by a group of individuals, to reflect the local cultural heritage of any society as an effective tool to transfer traditional knowledge between generations and protect heritage from extinction.
Therefore, the current research goal is to identify the types of craft projects that women master? And focus on the role of women in preserving the local heritage? Work to determine the development dimensions of craft projects? In addition to highlighting the methods that women adopt in managing their craft projects? The researcher relied on the social survey method in the way of the intention of the sample, the size of the sample (75) workers in the handicraft operator in the Greens district, one of the most important results reached is that women working in the profession of handicrafts have a major role in preserving the local heritage and its sustainability, and that the work of women contributed to enhancing their social position within the community.

This study emerges from a fundamental philosophical inquiry: Is contemporary technology merely a capitalist project of domination, reproducing alienation through seemingly rational and neutral mechanisms, or can it serve as a means of human emancipation when coupled with critical consciousness? Through an analytical engagement with Jürgen Habermas’s philosophical trajectory and the critique of instrumental reason articulated by the Frankfurt School, this research reveals that technology is not a neutral apparatus. Rather, it is a structure in which power and knowledge are interwoven, transforming into a mechanism of commodification that strips the human being of their subjectivity and reinserts them into systems of control and regulation. Instrumental reason, as diagnosed by Horkheimer and Adorno and later refined by Habermas, marks a deviation within the Enlightenment project: a rationality no longer concerned with understanding or liberation, but with control, efficiency, and utility. This shift results in a profound existential estrangement, wherein the modern subject is no longer an agent of meaning, but a managed and objectified entity. Habermas confronts this trajectory not by rejecting modernity, but by striving to reconstruct its rational foundations through his concept of communicative rationality, which emphasizes dialogue, the public sphere, and ethical agency. In this, he surpasses the pessimism of the first

The research aimed to identify self-talk strategies for regulating motivation among university students, and the significance of differences in self-talk strategies for regulating motivation according to gender (males - females) and specialization (humanities - scientific) among university students. The researchers used the descriptive method, and the research sample consisted of (400) male and female students selected by random sampling, distributed by gender with (148) male students and (252) female students. As for specialization, the number of students in the scientific specialization was (268) male and female students, and the number of students in the humanities specialization was (132) male and female students. To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researchers adopted the self-talk strategies scale prepared by Wolters & Benzon (2013) after translating and Arabizing it into Arabic. The scale consisted of (37) items distributed over eight dimensions. The researchers relied on indicators of logical validity, face validity, and construct validity. The reliability of the scale was calculated by two methods: (test-retest method and internal consistency alpha Cronbach method). The research reached the following results: University students possess self-talk strategies for regulating motivation in all strategies to a large extent. There are statistically significant differences in the strategy of regulating (contextual interest) according to the gender variable and in favor of males. As for (value regulation, self-consequences, environmental regulation, performance-approach goal regulation, mastery-approach goal regulation, mastery-avoidance goal regulation, performance-avoidance goal regulation), there is no difference in them according to the gender variable. The results also indicated statistically significant differences in the strategies of (value regulation, self-consequences, performance-approach goal regulation, mastery-approach goal regulation, mastery-avoidance goal regulation) according to the specialization variable and in favor of the scientific specialization. As for (environmental regulation, contextual interest regulation, performance-avoidance goal regulation), there is no difference in them according to the specialization variable. Based on the findings of the research, the researchers proposed a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The approaches of critical research have significantly diversified and diverged, reflecting the wide variation in schools of thought that have engaged with creative discourse. The purpose behind this multiplicity of methods and critical practices is to uncover the semantic depth within the discourse, to grasp the circumstances surrounding its production by its creator, and to define its intended purpose within the framework of communication between the author and their audience—given that the audience is one of the most vital parties in the creative act. Modern critical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the recipient and the extent of their influence on the author's awareness, as well as their contribution to reinforcing the discourse through mechanisms that highlight its intentions, affirming the presence of the audience as either explicitly or implicitly embedded within the text.
The pragmatic theory has offered insights not provided by other critical theories, grounded in several reading mechanisms that assist in clarifying the writer's or poet's intentions. These mechanisms also help in accurately understanding the discourse based on the new communicative understanding of language—one that does not separate the reality of the text from the reality of its reading and interpretation. By employing a pragmatic approach in analyzing two poems by the poet Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, this study reveals the importance of pragmatic methodology in receiving poetic discourse in particular, through various discursive strategies developed by the efforts of pragmatists, philosophers, and linguists.

In this research, we seek to shed light on the falling content on social media platforms that have witnessed tremendous progress and have become one of the fruits of the modern technology revolution in our modern world.
and what it plays a great role in communicating between people, and despite the great positive role it plays, it is not without negatives that have reflected their impact on the values and morals that society should enjoy, perhaps the most prominent of which is the publication of offensive material or the so-called (Falling content) and publications that have begun to offend society and contain values and morals, which has led to disturbing the public taste in society through the use of social networking sites social.

Globalization and the increasing cultural diversity in work and educational environments represent some of the most prominent challenges facing individuals in general, and Iraqi students studying in Europe in particular. In this context, the concept of cultural intelligence has emerged as one of the modern concepts aimed at enhancing individuals' ability to interact effectively with others from different cultural backgrounds. This study aims to identify the level of cultural intelligence among Iraqi students studying at European universities, as well as to examine statistically significant differences in cultural intelligence according to gender (male – female) and level of study (undergraduate – postgraduate). The researchers adopted the Cultural Intelligence Scale (Fahd, Doaa, 2020) for application to the study sample. After statistically processing the data, the results showed that the students possess a good level of cultural intelligence. The results also revealed statistically significant differences between males and females in favor of females, while no statistically significant differences were found between undergraduate and postgraduate students. In light of these results, the researchers presented a number of recommendations and suggestions aimed at enhancing cultural intelligence among Iraqi students in multicultural educational environments.

Supplication and prayer hold great importance in human life in general, and especially for the prophets (peace be upon them). Our master Abraham (peace be upon him) was known for his frequent supplication and prayer, as the Quranic text mentions. His supplications and prayers adorn many Quranic verses and chapters, revealing the etiquette of seeking and the sublime character of the Prophet when turning to the Divine Presence with humility and reverence.
Among the Quranic verses that depict and convey Abraham's supplications is a chapter named after him (peace be upon him). In this chapter, seven supplications appear sequentially, from verses 35 to 41, focusing on the matter of making Mecca a safe and inhabited city after settling his people there. This was intended to make it a base for divine guidance and a center for the dissemination of the final, heavenly message of Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Based on the number of supplications, the research was divided into seven sections. Each section studied and analyzed each supplication separately to uncover the secrets, eloquence, gentleness, and refined manners of Abraham (peace be upon him) when he addressed his supplications to the Divine Being, and how he addressed this infinite, transcendent realm. The research concluded by reviewing the most important findings.
Human beings are limited in power and ability, needy and incapable of creating or bringing into existence what they cannot do without divine intervention. Therefore, we find them turning to God Almighty when they are unable to achieve what is beyond their capacity. This also allows us to appreciate the refined manners, noble character, and lofty and clear demeanor that characterized Abraham's (peace be upon him) conduct as he supplicated to his Lord.

The city of Al-Hillah, the emirate of the Mazyadids, which was founded at the end of the fifth century AH (495 AH), is the subject of the research that will deal with the course of events in it, for a period of nearly seven centuries of cultural time filled with religious, cultural, political and regional accumulations and clashes.
We have a poetic city that is part of Iraqi poetry in its generality while maintaining the particularity of the part, and it is part of the Arab poetic space in general with what was common and flourished in it at that time of different poetic arts in which the poets of Hilla themselves also contributed.
It was therefore necessary for us to examine and clarify some concepts and terms, including the concept of Hilla, what is meant by the poet of Hilla, the limits of research, and the cultural influences and signs that were prevalent in that city, which was built and formed under the framework of the Abbasid Caliphate during the period of the states and families that ruled the Islamic world during the weakness of the Abbasid state, whose borders extended east and west.

This study investigates the pragma-stylistic features in Thomas Hardy’s poem In Tenebris, focusing on how pragmatic and stylistic elements work together to convey deeper meanings beyond the literal text. The analysis combines insights from pragmatics particularly the role of context, speaker intention, and implicature with stylistic features such as diction, imagery, tone, and structure. Hardy’s poem is rich in emotional and philosophical undertones, reflecting themes of despair, isolation, and spiritual doubt. These themes are not only embedded in the semantic content but also shaped by the poet’s deliberate stylistic choices.
The study draws on Leech’s (1981) model of pragmatics, which emphasizes appropriateness and speaker intention, and applies it to Hardy’s use of figurative language, symbolism, and poetic structure. By examining how Hardy communicates implicit messages through stylistic and contextual cues, the research reveals the layered complexity of meaning in the poem. Furthermore, it highlights the interactive relationship between the poet and the reader, where interpretation depends on both textual signals and the reader’s imaginative and contextual awareness.
Ultimately, the pragma-stylistic approach in this study offers a nuanced understanding of In Tenebris, showing how language functions not only as a medium of expression but also as a tool for evoking shared emotional and intellectual responses.

The research aims to determine the extent to which political programs play their role in uncovering administrative corruption issues and clarifying the true meaning of its concept. The research community was represented by students of Anbar University - College of Arts as a model, as (100) questionnaire forms were distributed.
The descriptive-analytical method was used by studying the relationship of the research concepts, the data of which was derived from the study area, and then describing the phenomenon under study quantitatively and qualitatively The research concluded that interest in following political programs was in line with increasing political awareness, keeping up with political events, identifying the most prominent political events, and being aware of the importance of the political issues raised that affect the lives of citizens, and the existence of an actual effort by the “The Right to Be Told” program to present important issues to the public.

This study aimed to identify the impact of the degree of use of digital repositories on faculty satisfaction in Iraqi universities, by examining three main dimensions: accessibility, content quality, and educational and research benefits. A descriptive analytical approach was used, with an electronic questionnaire distributed to a random sample of faculty members at the universities of Baghdad, Fallujah, and Al-Mustansiriya. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between the degree of use of digital repositories and faculty satisfaction. It also demonstrated that content quality and accessibility significantly contribute to raising academic satisfaction. The study recommended developing the technical infrastructure, regularly updating content, and activating digital training and education programs