Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences

The current research aimed to identify the effectiveness of an instructional design based on infographics technology in teaching scientific concepts for the subject of educational technologies and instructional technology to students in colleges of education. The researcher developed the educational program according to the infographic-based instructional design.
To achieve the research objectives, the following hypotheses were formulated:
A. There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group students, who will be taught using the infographic-based instructional design, and the mean scores of the control group, who will be taught the same subject using traditional methods, in acquiring scientific concepts.
B. The infographic-based instructional design is effective in helping students acquire scientific concepts for the subject of educational technologies and instructional technology in colleges of education. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a test to measure the acquisition of scientific concepts for the subject of educational technologies and instructional technology. The test’s psychometric properties, including validity, reliability, item difficulty, item discrimination, and the effectiveness of distractors, were verified. The test consisted of 36 objective multiple-choice questions

Emotional availability is the basis for healthy relations between the mother and children and his absence is marked by anxiety and behavioral and linguistic disorders in the child. When the mother cannot emotionally avail the child and give him a feeling of security and acceptance, an unbearable feeling will arise for him. Emotional availability is essential for establishing good relationships between parents and children.
The current research aimed to identify the emotional availability of widowed mothers, and to identify the differences in emotional availability according to age (23-18) (30-24) (31 above), and the employment status (housewife - employee) and to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher built the emotional availability scale, which consists of (30) paragraphs and five-point alternatives in its final form, and the sample consisted of (400) widowed mothers. This sample was chosen in the random way and after processing the research data statistically, the results of the research showed that the sample enjoys emotional availability, and there are statistically significant differences in emotional availability according to the age variable and in favor of age 31 and above, and there are statistically significant differences In emotional availability according to the variable of the functional status and in favor of housewives, and in light of these results, the researcher reached a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The Problems Which Face Student-Teacher In Teaching Applications At The Dept.Of Kurdish Language, College Of Education / Ibn Rushd During the application period, student-teachers are faced by many problems, some of which are scientific or educational, other are psychological.
Teaching applications which starts at the first semester of the fourth grade in the form of theatrical applications and ends at the second semester in the form of the actual application at school has very positive effects in improving the students’ capabilities and personal abilities at Kurdish language.
The study aims at identifying the problems which face the studentteachers in teaching applications at the department of Kurdish language, College of the Educational/Ibn Rushd.
The researcher has chosen the fourth grade students at the dept.
of Kurdish language for the academic year 2023-2024 whose school are inside Baghdad.
The total number of student is 82 male and female distributing on 60 who represent the study sample and 22 who represent the pilot sample.
The researcher has applied a questionnaire to collect data in order to achieve the aims of the study.

The research was conducted in Iraq and aimed to teach a proposed strategy according to the Kaizen methodology and its impact on achievement and the direction of female students in the middle class in middle schools of the General Directorate of Baghdad towards mathematics in the middle stage. The research community included the middle stage, which included the research (68) of the first -class students, represented (36) of the experimental group and (32) of the control group. The two groups were fulfilled with a group of variables that may affect the experiment (previous achievement - previous knowledge - intelligence - parental achievement). The research tools were prepared (the achievement test-the direction scale towards mathematics). The experiment was applied from (23/2/2025) to (6/4/2025) the data was analyzed and statistically processed using statistical means (the accompanying contrast analysis, T-Test). The search results included the superiority group of the Tarbiba who studied according to the proposed strategy on the control group in collection and has changed direction Female students, the math, in the positive direction. Because of the most important recommendations that the research recommends is the necessity of adopting a principle Continuous improvement in education is especially in the first stages of teaching, the most important proposals are the necessity of proposing other research in which the variable in the acquisition of mathematical concepts and in solving mathematical problems.

The study aimed to highlight that the reasons behind students' weaknesses in the Arabic language are not solely due to the language's difficulty or the curricula used in its composition and teaching. Instead, it can also be attributed to the teaching methods employed in the classroom, which students often complain about due to their inability to understand and absorb the material.
Arabic is one of the world's living languages, distinguished from others by being the only language associated with a divine revealed book—the Holy Quran.
Every sound, word, expression, or style represents a form or image that changes slowly, whether visibly or imperceptibly, and this is the essence of language life .

This research aims to explore the relationship between constructivist theory, a modern educational framework that focuses on the learner's role in knowledge construction, and the "Observe, Discuss, Practice, Discuss" (N.D.P.D) strategy, an effective teaching strategy based on active and interactive learning. The research seeks to understand how this strategy can support the principles of constructivist theory and contribute to the effective achievement of learning objectives.

Volunteer work is one of the most prominent forms of expression of humanity and giving, where individuals offer their time and efforts to serve others and contribute to the improvement of their communities without expecting financial compensation. This type of work reflects noble values such as sacrifice, cooperation, and concern for others. Volunteer work encompasses a variety of activities, such as assisting those in need, participating in environmental campaigns, and supporting cultural and educational activities. In light of the social and economic challenges facing many societies, volunteer work stands out as an effective means of promoting social solidarity and achieving sustainable development. By engaging in volunteer work, individuals can enhance their personal skills and expand their circle of acquaintances, contributing to the formation of a more cohesive and positive society. Volunteer work is not just an activity; it is a lifestyle that reflects the spirit of cooperation and altruism and reinforces the human values that unite individuals. This research aims to attempt to identify the historical origins of volunteer work, its goals, importance, and obstacles in society. To achieve this goal, the research was divided into two sections as follows: Section One: The general framework of the study. Section Two: The emergence of volunteer work, its goals, importance, and obstacles.

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن دور التربية المهنية في تنمية مهارات ريادة الأعمال لدى طلبة البكالوريوس: تحليل تأثير المناهج التعليمية والاستراتيجيات التدريسية على تعزيز القدرات الريادية. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وتكوَّنت عينة الدراسة من (450) فرداً، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية، وتم تطوير الاستبانة؛ إذ تكونت من (40) فقرة موزَّعة على (4) محاور، وهي: دور المناهج التعليمية في تنمية المهارات الريادية، دور الاستراتيجيات التدريسية في تعزيز القدرات الريادية، تأثير التربية المهنية على المهارات الشخصية الريادية، التحديات والمعوقات، وتمَّ توزيع الاستبانة إلكترونياً على عينة الدراسة. أظهرت النتائج دور التربية المهنية في تنمية مهارات ريادة الأعمال لدى الطلبة البكالوريوس: تحليل تأثير المناهج التعليمية والاستراتيجيات التدريسية على تعزيز القدرات الريادية، فقد جاءت مرتفعة، ودلَّت على عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية (α = 0.05) تعزى لأثر الجنس في جميع المجالات، وعلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية (α = 0.05) تعزى لأثر المستوى الدراسي للطلبة، جاءت لصالح السنة الرابعة، و وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية (α = 0.05) تعزى لأثر مشاركة الطلبة في أنشطة ريادة الأعمال. أوصت الدراسة تعزيز التطبيق العملي والتفاعلي في المناهج التعليمية لريادة الأعمال لتحسين فعالية تنمية المهارات الريادية لدى الطلبة.

The amendments to the Personal Status Law in Iraq are an important and sensitive topic, and are a rich subject for study from an anthropological perspective, as they reflect social, cultural and religious changes in society, as they include many aspects related to marriage, divorce, inheritance, alimony and other personal matters. The study addressed the topic from an anthropological perspective and what challenges society faces if these amendments are approved, especially since they have sparked controversy in society, as they represent more than just legal changes, as they reflect tensions between traditions and modernity, and the search for a new identity in a diverse and complex society. Therefore, the study was conducted in a number of Iraqi courts, and the study community consisted of a group of frequenters of these courts and some specialists and researchers in this regard. The research is considered one of the ethnographic researches that adopted the ethnographic approach using qualitative research tools, participatory observation, interviews and news reporters. The following are the most important results: This multiplicity of laws can enhance societal disintegration and entrench sectarian division, and that this multiplicity allows people to choose the law based on personal interest and not on belief. The most prominent articles that were objected to are Article 57, which gives the right to custody For the father, although in childhood the need for the mother is greater.

The current research aimed to identify the experience of awe among university. It also aimed to identify spiritual intelligence among university students. Furthermore, the research aimed to explore the nature of the relationship between the experience of awe and spiritual intelligence among university students.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the Awe Experience Scale by Kaufman (2019) and the Spiritual Intelligence Scale by Al-Saadi (2019), extracting the validity and reliability coefficients for both scales. The reliability coefficient for the Awe Experience Scale using the test-retest method was 0.75 for 30 items, while the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the same scale was 0.88. The reliability coefficient for the Spiritual Intelligence Scale using the test-retest method was 0.86 for 37 items, while the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the same scale was 0.90.The final versions of the scales were applied to a stratified random sample of 400 male and female students from the University of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya University. The research reached the following results:

The research aims to assess:
1.The extent of development in the standards for establishing private colleges in Iraq, in accordance with Arab legislative laws, as perceived by deans.
2. The extent of development in the standards for establishing private colleges in Iraq based on the academic rank variable (Professor – Associate Professor).
3. The extent of development in the standards for establishing private colleges in Iraq, in accordance with Arab legislative laws, as perceived by deans, based on years of service (less than 3 years – 3 years or more).
The researchers used the descriptive approach because it is suitable for the purposes of this research. the study sample consisted of 286 deans.
The researchers used a questionnaire consisting of 66 items to collect data from the main research sample. And the results showed the following:
1- The extent of development in the standards for establishing private colleges in Iraq, as perceived by deans, was above the hypothetical average.
2- The extent of development in the standards for establishing private colleges in Iraq, as perceived by deans, it was for the benefit of deans who had less than 3 years of administrative service.
The views of the deans with academic titles (Professor - Assistant Professor) are equal regarding the level of development in the standards for establishing private colleges in Iraq.

Beauty is truth, and truth is beauty - this is all you know on earth, and all you need to know. From these Greek words. Many studies, including this study, have investigated what has been described as "beauty is a good thing" and even in modern times, people attribute positive qualities to attractive people and negative qualities to unattractive people. The current study focused on the effects of attractiveness, especially perceptions on qualities, impressions and stereotypes towards beautiful women, in addition to identifying impressions and deceptive behavior and knowing the nature of the relationship between perceived perceptions and deceptive behavior that university students hold about beautiful and attractive women. A scale of perceived perceptions was constructed, which consisted of (15) items. In addition to constructing a scale of deceptive behavior, which consisted of (31) items. The psychometric conditions of the scales were verified, from construct validity and reliability using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient method, and the reliability coefficient for the perceived perceptions scale reached (0.59), while the reliability for the deceptive behavior scale reached (0.95). And analyzing paragraphs using the methods of "discrimination power of each paragraph" and "correlation coefficient of each paragraph with its scale. The researcher resorted to applying the study scales on a sample of (120) male and female students randomly selected from Al-Mustansiriya University students, whose ages ranged from (19-30) years. After applying the scales, the most prominent results were extracted, which are that university students have positive perceived perceptions of the most beautiful women, that the members of the research sample made judgments about the most beautiful women that they are characterized by deceptive behavior. It appeared that there are differences between males and females in perceived perceptions in favor of females. It also appeared that male university students judge very beautiful women as being characterized by deceptive behavior. The results also showed that there is a significant negative correlation between perceived perceptions towards beautiful women and their deceptive behavior. Based on the research conclusions, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals.
Keywords: beauty, physical attractiveness, perceived perceptions, deception, deceptive behavior.

Character strengths play a crucial role in shaping Career self-efficacy among educational counselors. The presence of both is essential for effective practice in the field of mental health. When counselors leverage their strengths, they enhance their confidence and competence, which leads to improved outcomes for themselves and their clients.
This research aims to identify:
- Character strengths among educational counselors.
- Career self-efficacy among educational counselors.
- The statistically significant relationship between Character strengths and Career self-efficacy among educational counselors.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the original version of the Character Strengths Scale prepared by (Peterson, 2004) consisting of (24) items, and the Career Self-Efficacy Scale by (O Brien et al., 1997) consisting of (23) items. After verifying the standard characteristics of the research tools, they were applied to a sample of (400) male and female counselors. The results showed that the research sample has Character strengths and career self-efficacy, in addition to the fact that there is a statistically significant direct relationship between character strengths and career self-efficacy among educational counselors, meaning that the higher the level of character strengths in an individual, the higher his career self-efficacy.
Keywords: character strengths, career self-efficacy, counselors.

This research aims to identify the effect of digital note-taking tools on the achievement in the Teaching Methods course among students of Colleges of Education. The researcher employed a quasi-experimental design involving an experimental group and a control group, using a post-test method. Hall (B) was chosen to represent the experimental group, which was taught using digital note-taking tools, while Section (C) represented the control group, which was taught using traditional methods. The total number of students was 70, with 35 students in each section. The two research groups were matched based on variables such as chronological age and intelligence. The researcher developed the research instrument, which was an achievement test, and verified its psychometric properties. An independent samples t-test was used, and the results showed that the experimental group, taught using digital note-taking tools, outperformed the control group in achievement among third-year students in the College of Education.
Keywords: Digital Note-Taking Tools, Academic Achievement.

The aim of this study is to explore harmonious passion and its relationship with academic achievement among female university students. To achieve this goal, the researcher employed the descriptive research method. The main sample of the study consisted of 200 female students from Wasit University for the academic year 2024–2025. The researcher developed a scale to measure harmonious passion, and its validity (face and construct) and reliability were verified using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. To examine the relationship between harmonious passion and academic achievement, the researcher obtained the final academic grades of the sampled female students. The study reached several conclusions:
Female university students exhibit harmonious passion, and the results also indicated a correlational relationship between harmonious passion and academic achievement among the students.

The current research aims to identify the reality of using computers in secondary schools in Diyala Education from the teachers' point of view and its reflection on updating and developing administrative work, and identifying the differences according to the current research. To achieve the research objective, the researcher prepared a questionnaire that included (23) paragraphs, and its validity and reliability were verified. It was distributed randomly to the research sample of (150) secondary school teachers in Muqdadiyah District. The research results showed that the overall arithmetic averages of the research questionnaire paragraphs were average. The paragraph "Reducing secondary school teachers" came in first place with an average degree, the paragraph "Facilitating the process of entering students' grades" came in second place with an average degree, and the paragraph "Displaying study materials with data show devices using the computer" came in last place with a low degree. The study showed no differences attributed to the effect of gender and the effect of job title, and there were differences attributed to the effect of experience in favor of the category of more than 10 years, and there were differences attributed to the effect of the academic level in favor of the doctorate

The current research aims to reveal the development of cognitive Autonomy among adolescents and adults according to the variables of age (15, 17, 19, 21) and gender (males and females), in addition to identifying the degree of self-promotion among adolescents and adults according to the variables of age and gender. The research also aims to reveal the nature of the correlational relationship between cognitive Autonomy and self-promotion among adolescents and adults according to the variables of age and gender. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher followed the descriptive correlational approach for cross-sectional developmental studies. The sample included (200) male and female students, equally divided between the sexes, who represent the ages covered by the research, from students in (fourth and sixth) preparatory school. (Second and Fourth) College Students To achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared the current research tools for each of the cognitive Autonomy scale with its five dimensions, which included (64) items with (five) answer alternatives, and the self-promotion scale, which consisted of (32) items with (four) answer alternatives. Using the statistical package (SPSS) for social and psychological sciences, the research concluded that cognitive Autonomy takes a developmental path among adolescents and adults according to the development of age, and the results did not indicate the presence of statistically significant differences according to the gender variable. The results indicated the emergence of self-promotion among the ages included in the research, and it increases with age, and the results also indicated the presence of a positive correlation between the two variables of the current research. This led the research to produce a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

Chronic Illness among Older Adults at Geriatric Homes
Background: Chronic illnesses are long-term medical conditions that persist over time and often require ongoing care and treatment.
Methods: Pre- and post-tests in a quasi-experimental design with non-probability participants Thirty senior people make up the purposeful sample; they are the subject of one study group. The research is conducted in Baghdad City's geriatric homes.
Results: The assessment of chronic illnesses among older adults before and after the educational program across three time points: pretest, posttest I, and posttest II. The data shows that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease remained constant at 23.3% throughout the study.
Conclusions: It is crucial to assess chronic illnesses in elderly residents of geriatric homes in order to deliver high-quality care and improve the general welfare of this vulnerable population

Objectives: This study aimed to determine effective of an educational program on nurses’ knowledge about hemorrhagic fever and find relationship between nurse’s knowledge and demographic data
Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental two-group pretest-posttest design was employed on a purposive sample of 100 nurses at Al Sadr Teaching Hospital in Basrah, with the study group receiving an "educational program" for two months. The data were gathered using a questionnaire that included demographics, knowledge about hemorrhagic fever. The nurses' knowledge scores were evaluated before and after the intervention.
Results: Results: The findings indicated a statistically significant difference in nurses' knowledge scores before and after the educational program. The knowledge score for the study group after the intervention program was (mean 38.3400 ± SD 3.30497, P-value 0.000), and the control group was (mean 11.7200 ± SD 4.18932, P-value 0.000). Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between demographic data and nurses' knowledge about hemorrhagic fever.
Conclusion: Most nurses' knowledge of hemorrhagic fever was poor before the education program, but it markedly improved after the program. Consequently, frequent teaching seminars on hemorrhagic fever and infectious diseases are recommended for nurses.

Background: in order to prevent the complication after Percutaneous coronary intervention, patients are limited to stay long period of bed rest and immobilization that is always accompanied by discomfort. The main aim of the study to determine the impact of change position on discomfort between the patients who undergone percutaneous coronary intervention.
Method: This study was randomized controlled trial performed on 65 patients at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Al-Muthana City and Karbala Heart Center, and Imam Al-Hassan Al-Mujtaba Hospital in Karbala City, Iraq. With simple randomization assigned to either control or experimental group. Data collected with demographic information and clinical characteristics and discomfort scale to assess the level of discomfort. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitny U test.
Result: The result show that there are statistically significance differences among change position and control groups concerning discomfort (p-value < 0.05) in patients after PCI. This study indicated that the change positions have an impact in decreasing discomfort compared with control group.
Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that the change position is a safe and effective nursing intervention to reduce the level of discomfort without vascular complications.

Background: prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer affecting men globally. Chemotherapy remains an essential method for treating advance and metastatic prostate cancer. Although the benefits, chemotherapy have many physical and psychological side effects on cancer patients that effect on patients’ quality of life.
Objectives: This study aims to identify the prevalence of physical and psychological effects of chemotherapy and its association with prostate cancer patients' knowledge.
Methods: An descriptive correlational study was conducted to assess prevalence of physical and psychological effects of chemotherapy and its association with prostate cancer patients' knowledge. The study conducted from the period of 15th March 2024 up to 1st March 2025. A non-probability (convenience sampling) was used to select the study. The sample of the study consist of 50 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer receiving chemotherapeutic agents. A self-administration constructive questionnaire was used. The questionnaire composed of; Part one: Socio-demographic data of the study sample, Part two: Clinical Data, Part three: physical and psychological effects of chemotherapy, and part four: patients’ knowledge regarding managing side effects of chemotherapy. The data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 26.
Results: the most prevalent physical effects of chemotherapy among patients were; fatigue, nausea and vomiting. And common psychological effects of chemotherapy were decreased libido as well as depression among prostate cancer patients.
Conclusions: the study findings that the correlation of patients’ knowledge was weak correlation with prevalence of physical and psychological effects of chemotherapy.
Recommendations: the study recommended to develop an instructional program related to managing the side effects of chemotherapy for prostate cancer patients, supervised by healthcare providers consisting of doctors, pharmacists and nurses. As well as conduct a study to explore another factors correlated to the prevalence of side effects of chemotherapy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess of Collegians’ perception about Diabetes Mellitus Type II in the University of Baghdad.
Methodology: A descriptive study, purposive sample of (100) students at risk for diabetes mellitus type 2, sitting of the study college of Arts in University of Baghdad, the study was performed through the period from 16th September to- 17th November 2024. a self-report questionnaire is standard for the purpose of the study Collegians’ perception about diabetes mellitus type 2 were self-report question. This part is comprised of (17) questions perception of collegians’ about diabetes mellitus type 2 consists which answers were as put () front of the appropriate option. Scoring (1) for disagree answer, (2) Neutral answer and (3) for agree answer, Content validity of the questionnaire is tested by presenting it to panel of (15) experts. Cronbach's alpha is used to estimate the reliability of the instrument items. the perception (0.787), (17 items).
Results: The result of this research showed that the total level of Perception about diabetes mellitus type II (mean: 25.68) This indicates that the mean is within the low level (mean of score: (L)Low (17-28.33), (M) Moderate (28.34-39.66), (H) High (39.67-51).
Conclusions: This study concluded that Collegians’ have a low level of Perception about type 2 diabetes.
Recommendations: The study recommended Conduct educational programs to increase collegians Perception about type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of education program on nursing staff knowledge toward nursing intervention on chemotherapy administration.
Study Design: A quasi-experimental design (study group and control group)
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Al-Diwaniya teaching hospital/ Oncology unit from 30the June 2024 to 20th January 2025
Methods: A non- probability (purposive) sample was selected to obtain representative and accurate data. From (60) nurses working at Oncology Unit. The study participants were divided into two groups: (30) nurses were assigned to the study group who were exposed to the educational program, and (30) nurses who were assigned to the control group were not exposed to the educational program. Date was collected through the use of constructed program and instruments used in the research (Knowledge of safe handling, administration, and waste management of chemotherapeutic drugs among oncology nurses working at Khartoum Oncology Hospital, Sudan) was used after obtaining the researchers' approval, the study instrument included two sections: Demographic Data, and knowledge about nursing intervention on chemotherapy administration.
Results: The study results show that the effectiveness of the educational program was clearly observed on study group during a positive effect on overall Nurses’ Knowledge, while no effect on the overall knowledge of nurses in the control group was clearly observed.
Conclusion: The researcher concluded that the educational program was effective in the enhancement of nursing staff knowledge toward nursing intervention on chemotherapy administration, and there were statistical significant differences between the study and control group at post-test measurements regarding patients' knowledge at P. value <0.05.
Recommendations: The study recommended the necessity of implementing the developed program, in addition to intensify the work of the continuing nursing education unit to provide educational courses focusing on nursing intervention about chemotherapy administration (preservice and inservice) at Oncology Unit.

Children within the first six years of life should receive 30 or more vaccinations, the majority of which are administered within the first six months. IM injections have numerous applications and are frequently utilized, with an estimated 16 millions IM injections administered globally every year. The randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Feminine and children teaching hospital in the Al-Muthanna Government. The study included neonates who underwent intramuscular injection of vitamin K from the period November 25th 2024 to January 24th 2025. A total of 80 term infants were included in the investigation. Data was gathered from each patient through the use of a sociodemographic questionnaire and the neonatal/ infant pain scale (NIPS) to evaluate pain level. The study found that using the Airlock technique during intramuscular injection was beneficial as a pain reduction strategy when compared to the standard technique (Z= - 4.34; P <0.001). emphasizing on the importance of using non-pharmacological technique during invasive procedures and needle related procedures.

Fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) play a critical role in modeling systems characterized by inherent uncertainties, providing a flexible approach where conventional differential equations may fall short. A notable subset of these equations is Fuzzy Hukuhara Differential Equations (FHDEs), which require unique solution techniques due to the inclusion of the Hukuhara derivative and its associated complexities. This paper investigates the use of generalized power series as an advanced method for approximating solutions to FHDEs. By extending traditional power series techniques into the fuzzy domain, we develop a systematic approach that enables more accurate and reliable solutions. This method is designed to handle the fuzzy nature of the initial conditions and parameters within FHDEs, offering an innovative approach that enhances the applicability and effectiveness of FHDEs across various disciplines, including engineering, economics, and biological sciences. The generalized power series approach is demonstrated through examples, showcasing its capability to produce high-precision solutions and address key challenges associated with FHDEs. This advancement marks a significant step forward in fuzzy mathematics, presenting new opportunities for the analysis and application of differential equations in uncertain environments.

Background: A quasi experimental study was conducted at the Karbala Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases and Surgery (AL-Hussein Medical City) between February 21, 2024, and January 1, 2025.
Objective: To assess the effect of the instructional program on knowledge of patients with functional dyspepsia and to determine the correlation between the demographic characteristics of the patients and their knowledge concerning functional dyspepsia diet
Methodology: Fifty patients chosen as a purposeful sample. The control group, which consists of twenty-five patients, is not subjected to the dietary instruction program, while twenty-five patients in the case group are subjected to the instruction program. The literature review and antecedent research were the foundations for the development of the program and study instrument. A panel of (11) assessed the validity and reliability of the instrument experts and the sample correlation coefficient was used to ascertain the questionnaire's internal consistency. The descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedure was implemented to analyse the data
Results: The study's findings demonstrate that the patient's knowledge concerning functional dyspepsia diet of the case group, which participated in the instructional program, improved at post-test in comparison to the control group that did not get the program. Furthermore, significant statistical correlation was seen between patients' level of education and their knowledge concerning functional dyspepsia diet
Conclusion: The study concluded that the instructional program effectively enhanced the case group's knowledge regarding the functional dyspepsia diet.
Recommendations: Increase health awareness among patients with functional dyspepsia regarding functional dyspepsia die through lectures, television programs, and social media. Activating the role of nutritionist in hospitals and gastrointestinal centres and utilising the current program for all patients with functional dyspepsia to increase health awareness regarding functional dyspepsia die.

Background: Extended bed rest, sedation, and immobility are linked to physical damage and neuromuscular dysfunction. Early mobilization is an effective approach for the aforementioned problems, notably considering that it involves exercising the patient's body within 24 hours following surgery. Body systems are all significantly improved by performing mobilization. Early mobilization can influence both short and long-term outcomes, and shorter hospital stays.
Objectives: Evaluating the effectiveness of an educational program on nurses’ knowledge regarding postoperative early mobilization.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was utilized in the present study with the application of a pre-posttest approach for the study and control group after implementation of educational program. The study was conducted at Al-Hussein Military Hospital and Baghdad teaching hospital. purposive sampling of (66) nurses from the total population. A self-reported questionnaire was utilized for knowledge evaluation. The study was initiated from December 24th, 2023 to December 18th, 2024.
Results: Based on the total arithmetic mean score of nurses’ knowledge, the findings demonstrated that participants lacked sufficient knowledge. Results obtained following post-intervention showed that the study group's knowledge had significantly improved.
Conclusions: Results demonstrated significant improvement in study group’ knowledge, validating the program's capacity to improve knowledge. However, two demographic characteristics had only shown effect on nurses’ knowledge.
Recommendations: Hospitals ought to establish ongoing educational programs that encourage nurses to attend regular training sessions while rendering a requirement for carrier advancement. Furthermore, educating fresh nurses prior to allocation in surgical wards.

Objective: to assess the pain of arterial femoral sheath removal after percutaneous coronary intervention and correlation of sociodemographic data with pain.
Place and Duration of Study: The study had been done at the Ibn al-Nafis Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, the Karbala Center for Cardiac Surgeries and Catheterization, and the Al-Imam Alhassan Al Mujtaba Teaching Hospital during the period from 1 September 2024 to 1 February 2025.
Methods: A descriptive study used to assess correlations and differences of demographic data among pain intensity. With simple random sampling to allocate sample size
Results: The study results indicate that the mean age was 56, BMI was 26, and pain was 61. There are no significant differences between pain and smoking.
The study of pain related to removing the femoral artery sheath after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) shows how important both procedural and demographic factors are in determining patient discomfort. Our findings indicate age, gender, and body mass index can significantly influence pain levels. and pre-existing health conditions. Additionally, the technique of sheath removal—whether manual or facilitated by closure devices—also plays a crucial role in pain perception.

Writing acquisition is considered one of the most crucial targets for learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). It is widely accepted that the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly obvious in various fields, especially language. The increasing number of EFL learners has led to a number of intervention studies that have attempted to investigate the effect of Grammarly, an AI-powered writing assistant, on students' writing proficiency. A small number of studies have focused on Grammarly's influence on the EFL Iraqi university students’ essay writing. Hence, the main aim of this study is to examine the impact of Grammarly intervention on improving EFL Iraqi university students’ essay writing. This study was a quantitative study which adopted the quasi-experimental design. Thirty students (female: 15; male: 15) were recruited. A pre-post essay writing test and a questionnaire were used to collect the data. One-Sample Test was administered to compare the mean scores of pre and post of the treatment group in the essay writing skills. Moreover, analysis of the questionnaire item-by-item was achieved to know Iraqi EFL students' attitudes towards using Grammarly tool for enhancing their essay writing skills. The key findings of the study showed a statistically significant improvement in students' performance, favoring the post-test result. The students also showed a positive attitude towards employ Grammarly to enhance