Journal of Education for Humanities

The current research aims to identify “the extent to which the sociology curriculum taught to fourth-grade middle school students includes consolidating the concept of social problems from the point of view of specialized supervisors and teachers.” The sample consisted of male and female sociology curriculum teachers for the fourth middle school year in the schools of the Nineveh Education Directorate for the academic year (2023- 2024), with a total of (66) teachers and schools, including (36) teachers and (30) schools. The researchers prepared the research tool (Social Problems), which consisted of (80) items in its final form distributed over five areas: (Society (29) items, the family (8) items, the individual (21) items, positive influences (9) items, and negative influences (13) items, five alternatives included in the curriculum to a degree: (very large, large, moderate, few, very few) He took the opinions of the research sample members from the specialized supervisors, male and female teachers of the social curriculum, and applied them on the corresponding day
1- The percentage achieved for the field of society reached (71.58) it achieved the first place, while the family field reached (71.18) and achieved the second place, and the field of the individual ranked third, reaching (70.18), while the field of positive effects ranked fourth and reached (69.74), while the field of negative influences ranked fifth, which is the last, amounting to (67.68), respectively, and this indicates the inclusion of the sociology curriculum to consolidate the concept of social problems in all areas, which is a good percentage according to the point of view The research sample members looked at the teachers of the curriculum Sociology curriculum.
2 - The percentages achieved for the field of the family amounted to (68.6) has achieved the first place, either the field of positive effects amounted to (68.02) and achieved the second place, has achieved the field of society third place, which amounted to (66.98), while the field of the individual ranked fourth, which amounted to (66.5), either the field of negative effects has achieved the fifth and last rank of (63.6), respectively and this indicates the inclusion of the sociology curriculum to consolidate the concept of social problems, in all areas, namely Average percentages due to the point of view of the members of the research sample who have a duration Service (10 years or less).
3- The percentage achieved for the field of society reached (72.8) it achieved the first place, while the family field ranked second by (72.44), while the field of the individual reached (71.08) it achieved the third place, and the field of positive effects ranked fourth by (70.16), while the field of negative influences has reached (68.8) achieved the fifth and last place respectively, and this indicates the inclusion of the sociology curriculum to consolidate the concept of social problems, in All fields, which is a good percentage according to the point of view of the sample members Search from those who have a service of (10) years or more.

Our choice of the topic was (the motives for deciding the battles between Muslims and Indians in the Islamic era), in which we explained the most prominent motives for the decision, whether on the social or political side. We discovered through our research that India adopted the caste system in Indian society. The Indians suffered from the caste system, But with the arrival of Muslims, they eliminated class differences, followed religious and Islamic tolerance with Indian society, and raised their status.
I divided the research into two requirements, the first requirement stated: the social motives of the decision, while the second requirement stated: the political motives of the decision.

The research aims to identify: The impact of the “Tanal Al-Qamar” strategy on developing probing thinking for fourth-year middle school students. The research sample consisted of (60) students from the fourth middle school year who were intentionally selected from Al-Huwaira Middle School in the city of Mosul for the academic year (2023-2024).
They were distributed into two groups, the first experimental, which included (30) Two students studied the Holy Qur’an and Islamic education according to the “Achieving the Moon” strategy, and the second included (30) students who studied according to the usual method. The researchers used an experimental design with two equal groups. To achieve the research, the researchers prepared a probing thinking test tool consisting of (25) items. paragraph, and the researchers verified its validity, reliability, and strength of distinction. The researchers applied the tool before starting the experiment and after completing it. To extract the results, the following statistical methods were used (T-score) for two independent samples, Cronbach’s alpha equation. The results indicated the presence of a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05). (Between the averages of the experimental and control groups in the probing thinking test in favor of the experimental group, and in light of the research results, the researchers came out with several conclusions, most notably the possibility of relying on the strategy of attaining the moon as a modern strategy in teaching Islamic education. The researchers recommended a set of recommendations, most notably: the necessity of Islamic education teachers paying attention to choosing strategies. Teaching appropriately for learners, especially when determining appropriate educational activities and methods.

The research aims to identify “the effect of the (Cube) strategy in developing visual thinking among female students in the second intermediate grade of the Holy Qur’an and Islamic Education.” A sample of female students in the second intermediate grade in the Mosul District Center for the academic year (2023-2024) was intentionally selected from schools in the Mosul District. Two schools: (Al-Rumah Middle School for Girls and Shining Path Secondary School for Girls). The two research groups were chosen from these two schools randomly by drawing method. The sample consisted of (75) students who were distributed into two groups: the first experimental group included (39) students who studied according to the (cube) strategy, and the second A control group included (36) students who studied the subject according to the usual method, where the researcher used an experimental design with two groups The experimental group was taught according to the cube strategy, while the control group was taught in the usual method followed by the subject school. To achieve the goal of the research, it was required to build a visual thinking test,
as it was finalized in (25) items, and after collecting the data and determining it statistically using statistical methods. According to the SPSS statistical program, it was found that “there is a difference between the average scores of the members of the two research groups (experimental and control) in developing their visual thinking, in favor of the members of the experimental group.”

Oil is gaining importance as a vital commodity that has influenced and influences the shaping of the Iraqi economic landscape. The Iraqi economy is classified as a unilateral economy. The level of economic activity depends on oil revenues. However, nothing affected the situation in Iraq as much as oil did; Since its discovery, economic, political and social changes have occurred in the country. The research aims to study the external risks that threaten Iraqi oil security. The research focused on external interference and regional and international ambitions for Iraqi oil. It became clear to us the international competition and ambitions for Iraqi oil since it was under the Ottoman Empire until the present day, where the competition ended with domination of Iraqi oil through international companies that are considered a tool in the hands of their mother countries to implement their agenda. In addition to other risks addressed in the research, including those related to oil price fluctuations, problems in cooperation with OPEC, and the trend towards alternative energy, as it is considered a threat to Iraqi oil security. These risks weakened the Iraqi oil sector, which is considered the country's most important economic resource. Therefore, these risks were reflected in the Iraqi economy

The research deals with the partial objectives according to Al-Kamal Ibn Al-Hammam - may God have mercy on him - in his book Fath Al-Qadeer, the two issues: wiping over the socks and tayammum. The research was divided into an introduction and two sections. The first topic: It is an introduction to the partial objectives, the translation of Ibn Al-Hammam, and his book Fath Al-Qadeer, and it includes three topics. Demands:The first requirement: Definition of the partial objectives, The second requirement: Translation of Ibn Al-Hammam - may God have mercy on him -, The third requirement: Introduction to the book of Fath Al-Qadeer, As for the second topic: It dealt with the partial objectives in the two issues of wiping over the socks and requiring the intention of tayammum, so it included two requirements.
The first: The partial objectives in wiping over the socks and the second requirement: The partial objectives in requiring the intention of tayammum. These issues were studied according to the following order:

Ibn al-Hammam’s statement on the issue and the study of the issue, and then the partial objectives in the issue, and the conclusion. I ended the research with a conclusion that included: The most important results, and then mention the sources and references that I relied on in the research

The topic of the research revealed the written resources transferred from the close and contemporary books of Ibn Saeed - Ali bin Musa bin Abd al-Malik bin Saeed as one of the most prominent Andalusian writers, grammarians and historians in the seventh century AH in his book “Al-Ghusun Al-Yana’i’a”, which is a book of biographies of poets, writers, and scholars from the seventh century AH / The thirteenth century AD, the common denominator among them was poetry, and the research consisted of five main points, which are various books that were classified according to the common relationship between them, such as general history books, local history books, travel books, and others, and in it we highlighted giving a historical overview of these books while attributing the texts to Its original sources and a statement of the historian’s methods in transferring from those sources.

The aim of the research is to determine the impact of the Pentagram strategy on the achievement of fifth-grade female students in the Arabic language subject. To achieve this goal, the researcher formulated a null hypothesis as follows:
1. There is no statistically significant difference in the average scores of students in the experimental group, who are taught using the Pentagram strategy, and the average scores of students in the control group, who are taught using the conventional method, in the achievement test.
The research sample was deliberately selected from the research community and consisted of fifth-grade science students at Al-Khadija Al-Kubra Preparatory School for Girls in Mosul for the first semester of the academic year 2023-2024. The sample consisted of 73 students distributed into experimental and control groups, with 37 students for the experimental group taught using the Pentagram strategy and 36 students for the control group taught using the traditional method.
The researchers employed an experimental method with equivalent groups. They ensured equivalence between the research groups in several variables, including chronological age, previous Arabic language grade, overall GPA for the previous academic year, intelligence quotient, and parents' educational attainment.
To achieve the research objective, an assessment tool was developed: the achievement test, which was characterized by reliability and validity.
After developing the teaching plans and the assessment tool, the experiment was implemented by the curriculum supervisor at the school in the first semester of the academic year 2023-2024, starting on Sunday, October 15, 2023, and ending on Monday, January 8, 2024. The achievement test was administered on Monday, January 8, 2024, to both research groups.
The findings of the research are as follows:
1. The use of the Pentagram strategy in teaching the Arabic language subject contributed to improving the academic achievement of fifth-grade female students in Arabic grammar, especially considering their readiness for learning, particularly in Arabic language and its teaching methods and strategies diversity.
2. Education directorates should direct Arabic language teachers to use the Pentagram strategy as an alternative to traditional teaching methods, which tend to make the student a passive recipient of information during the lesson and not actively engaged. This recommendation is based on the current research results, which emphasize making the student the focal point of the educational process.
The impact of the Pentagram strategy on the achievement of fifth-grade female students in the Arabic language subject and the development of their reflective thinking.

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of the seven-year learning cycle model (7E\'s) on the knowledge of fifth-grade female students’ knowledge of Islamic concepts.
The researcher set a null hypothesis, which was: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the female students of the experimental group who studied according to the seven-year learning cycle model (7E\'s) and the average scores of the female students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the concept acquisition test. Islamic.
The result of the research was that there was a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0, 05) between the average scores of the female students of the experimental group who studied according to the seven-year learning cycle model (7E\'s) and the average scores of the female students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the test of acquiring Islamic concepts.

In light of the research results, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, including that the seven-year learning cycle model (7E\'s) had a major role in introducing Islamic concepts and developing logical thinking to fifth-grade science students. The researcher recommended the necessity of using the seven-year learning cycle model (7E\'s). In education to reach the highest forms of classroom interaction through its motivational steps, the researcher developed proposals for future research, including: the effectiveness of the seven-year learning cycle model (7E\'s) in introducing fourth-grade middle school students to Islamic concepts and developing their divergent thinking

The research aims to identify high inclusion management among middle school principals from the point of view of faculty members, by answering the following questions:
1- What is the level of high inclusion management among middle school principals from the point of view of faculty members?
Teaching in general?
2- Is there a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) in the level of high-inclusion management among middle school principals from the point of view of faculty members, according to gender variables as a whole?
Years of service? The researcher adopted the descriptive, correlational approach, and the research sample consisted of (300) teachers in schools
Preparatory school in the city of Mosul, and for the purpose of achieving the research goal, it was required that the researcher build the variable research tool High Inclusion Management, and after verifying the validity and reliability of the research tool, it became in its final form, consisting of (34) items, and the research tool was applied by distributing it to the teachers during the official working hours for the period of 3/31/2024 AD until 4/30/2023 AD, and after the process of collecting and transcribing data using the (Microsoft Excel) program, the researcher used appropriate statistical methods to achieve the research objectives using the Statistical Portfolio for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, represented by a t-test for one sample, and the next test for two samples. Two independent tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test for significance, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
After analyzing the data statistically, the results showed the following:
1- Middle school principals have a high level of high inclusion management from a point of view Their teachers.
2- The variables of gender as a whole and years of service did not affect the high level of inclusion management among managers Middle schools from the point of view of their teachers.
3 - The researcher came up with several recommendations, including: emphasizing the high-inclusion management style followed by middle school principals and urging them to adhere to it and work to strengthen it, and not relying on teachers’ personal variables in judging the high-inclusion management style of middle school principals. The researcher suggested conducting research on principals. Other primary and middle schools and inform principals of the importance Managing high inclusion and achieving the goals of the educational institution.

Society constitutes the environment to which a person belongs and in whose context most of his actions and behaviors are organized, which are manifested through various social practices and activities that succeed each other through a repetitive daily routine. Society, in its continuous movement, produces various social phenomena, and among these phenomena are customs and traditions that are considered the cultural heritage of any society, as Through it, communication is maintained and continued. It is passed down through generations as a symbolic language that enables them to communicate throughout the ages and expresses their collective identity. Although it differs from one society to another, and within one country it differs from one region to another, in essence it constitutes a basic factor for unifying mentalities around the principle of Preserving heritage and connection to the past, because the concept of customs and traditions is linked to the past and ancestors.
Every society has its own customs and traditions, the details of which are passed down from parents and grandparents, generation after generation, to cling to, grow, and become a source of pride and pride over time. There is no doubt that one of the most beautiful of these customs and traditions and the most ingrained in the mind are those related to marriage occasions, as they may help in the life of the individual, the family, and the group, in addition to being occasions for joy and happiness. Weddings in the past were characterized by a special flavor. Weddings used to paint a beautiful picture full of simplicity and spontaneity. There is no doubt that they differed in one country, between the countryside and the city, as well as among multiple sects.

The one-sided conversation is one of the main patterns in the poetry of Ibn al-Mu'tazz (296 AH) and is considered one of the aesthetics that contribute to the crystallization of the dialogic poetic text through the dominance of the poet's voice in a neutral manner and the deliberate silencing of the voice of the addressee who is absent and assumed to exist by the poet, who seeks to hide it behind words without beginning to show it in action or word. It is enough to make him absent, because the poet wants to broadcast ideas and opinions and deliver them to the recipient without resorting to establishing a bridge of communication with the absent addressee and dialogue exchange.
This research was chosen to study the stereotyping of detached dialogue (one-sided conversation), explain its role in Ibn al-Mu'tazz's poetry, uncover its artistic and creative dimensions from the analytical side, as well as explain its significance in constructing the poetic text and the expressive aesthetics it occupies. The purpose of this is to add an element of suspense and excitement. Removing monotony from the recipient.
Resorting to such a conversational characteristic comes only to an astute poet who is familiar with its aspects of all conversational styles.

This research aims to review the phenomenon of structural parallelism in the poetry of Tamim Al-Barghouti, because of the aesthetic value that this type of parallelism contains in the poetic and creative process and its important role in creating textual harmony and cohesion because it results from congruence or similarity in the compositional structure, as well as agreement in the semantic structure. The descriptive analytical method was employed in this research by presenting some syntactic parallel models in the imperative sentence in the collections of Tamim Al-Barghouti (In Jerusalem and the Maqam of Iraq). We will stop at the grammatical and semantic analysis of these models and determine the type of syntactic parallelism contained in them, whether it is complete or partial, and explain the effect. Parallelism in connotation and meaning and its relationship to rhythm.
This research came within three axes: the first: represented by defining the concepts of parallelism and syntactic parallelism, the second represented by presenting an overview of the poet’s life and his collections, while the third dealt with syntactic parallelism in the imperative sentence in the poetry of Tamim Barghouti

The experience and military acumen in taking command is a form of scientific thinking and the ability to study and examine the potential outcomes of leaders' actions objectively, self-control, reliance on long-term planning, as well as short-term planning aimed at direct objectives. This helps to strengthen the power of any military institution, as competent leadership and experience are among the most important factors for achieving victory over enemies. Leadership occupies an important and prominent place in the field of military organization. Regardless of the conditions for victory, the competence of the leader is crucial to the success of the battle. It is the art of influencing men and directing them towards a specific goal, ensuring their loyalty, respect, obedience, and cooperation. These leaders have become the best support and strength in consolidating and strengthening the system of governance and administration, developing it in line with the state's needs. Therefore, the Umayyad Caliphs were keen to select competent leaders, and military experience and acumen played a significant role in improving the relationship with the Caliph. Among the early leaders who enjoyed military experience and acumen and had a prominent role in the Umayyad era are

Oil plays a major role in strengthening political relations between many countries through the multiple and interconnected economic and commercial supports it creates. Oil played a fundamental role in the growth and development of economic relations between Iraq and Jordan, but this cooperation was soon exposed to a group of difficulties and obstacles due to the emergence of A group of events and political developments in the region during the era, most notably the Second Gulf War in 1991, which hindered the growth of oil cooperation, which was the prominent feature in the development of relations between the two countries since the beginning of the eighties of the last century. This research came to shed light on the extent of the impact of the Gulf War on oil cooperation between Iraq and Jordan and the economic effects that war had on Jordan as a result of the position it adopted towards that crisis.

This research, titled “The Book of the Gardens andGardens in Illuminating the Sirs of the Master of Creatures” by Al-Khazen (741 AH/1340 AD), a historical source, aims to present the book, analyze its content, and explain its importance as a source for the study of Islamic history in the pre-Islamic era, the era of prophecy, and the beginning of the era of the Caliphate. There is no doubt that historical recording is preserved. We have the events of history in general, due to the interest of scholars in writing throughout the ages. They left us a large legacy of works that differ in terms of the breadth of information, their validity, and their accuracy. There is no doubt that such studies are among the matters worthy of attention because they provide a service to the Prophet’s biography and facilitate those who work with it. This research is only an attempt to participate in these studies, as the study deals with introducing the book Al-Rawd wal-Hadayek in the Illumination of the Biography of the Master of Creatures in terms of the title of the book, the date of its composition, the editions of the book, and the motives. The authorship, the historical importance of the book, the author’s style, and the general description of the book and its features.

Geographic foundations are the basic and important factor for establishing any city or region. Knowing the natural characteristics of the region in terms of geological structure, soil, surface, and climate has a major impact on the establishment of the city, through which the type of construction, agricultural crops, and types of activities that can be established are known. Human characteristics also have a prominent role in knowing The distribution of the region’s population, their type and density. The research aims mainly to know the main geographic foundations (natural and human characteristics) that are included in the Shura district and to highlight their impact on the emergence and development of the study area and the role of natural characteristics in knowing the appropriate construction and the type of crops that can be grown. The research problem focused on knowing what The impact of geographical foundations on the emergence, growth and development of the Shura district. The research reached a number of results, including that the Shura district contains important geological structures and good soil suitable for agriculture, which led to the growth and development of the Shura district.
The Shura district also enjoys a moderate climate, with moderate temperatures most days of the year, seasonal rainfall that peaks in the spring and winter, average wind speeds of up to 5.47 m/s, and a good level of humidity that helped establish services and gather residents there. And the increase in the population in the study area, especially after the year 2020, as the population growth rate increased in 2023, as the number of males increased over females, and the number of rural over urban areas increased at high rates. The number of educational services in the Shura district increased, reaching 55 primary schools and 27 secondary schools. Health services also increased, reaching 17 health centers, and administrative services increased, reaching 12 administrative centers

The historical narratives of the young companion Mahmoud bin Lapid formed an important tributary abounded in the folds of the texts of both advanced and late historical sources, and provided us with many details of the first era of Islamic history, especially since this companion was born during the era of the Prophet (ﷺ) , so he grew up small in his hands (ﷺ), living the difficulties and tribulations that plagued the early Muslims, and conveyed to us some of the biography of the Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace), and his news, starting with the order of his mission (ﷺ), and the repulsion he met from His tribe and clan, through his migration to Medina and the establishment of the nucleus of the young state of Islam, and his mention of some of Maghazih and Sarayah, and the end of his death (ﷺ), and his narratives about (the era of the message) varied in its content and included different aspects of that important era in the history of Islam, and we have limited our research to this historical narratives correct assigned, for the era of the message only, without other narratives, has divided my research this into two sections:
In the first section, I dealt with the biography of the young companion Mahmoud bin Lapid, in terms of his name, lineage and surname, and the date of his birth, and the sayings of scientists in it, and the mention of his elders and students, and ending with his death
The second section has been devoted to mention his narrations about the era of the Prophet's message, has divided those narratives according to chronology, and made each narrated of those narrations a title of its own

The current research aims to identify (the effectiveness of a proposed teaching strategy based on reception theory in developing critical reading). The researcher adopted an experimental design, as the research population consisted of fourth-year students in the Arabic Language Department, College of Education for Humanities, University of Mosul for the academic year (2023-2024) ( The first semester, the research sample amounted to (69) male and female students, distributed into two groups: an experimental group, which numbered (35) male and female students, and a control group, which numbered (34) male and female students. The researcher rewarded the two research groups in a number of relevant variables, and the researcher prepared The critical reading skills are (4) main skills divided into sub-skills. The researcher also prepared a critical reading test consisting of (21) multiple-choice items. The test was characterized by honesty and stability. The researcher applied the experiment in the first semester of the year (2023-2024). After collecting the data and analyzing it statistically using the necessary statistical methods using the statistical program Spss, the study reached the following results:

Studying the historical scientific approaches of Muslim scholars who wrote about the Prophet’s biography is one of the important issues in scientific research because it increases the researcher’s ability to understand and analyze the method followed by the hadith scholar or historian in writing the Prophet’s biography.
One of the most prominent of these hadith scholars and historians is the hadith scholar Abu Ishaq al-Fazari. Abu Ishaq al-Fazari was of Kufa origins, and a resident of Musaisi. Abu Ishaq was born in the year (108 AH), and died in the year (188 AH), and I spoke in this research on the sources that were relied upon. Al-Fazari mentioned it in his book Al-Sir, and I concluded that the resources that Al-Fazari used are divided into two parts, the first: oral resources, which consist of the declared resources, and the unknown resources, the resources that were lost due to damage to the manuscript, and the second: the written resources

The research deals with the Fiqh issues related to the pronunciation (Fa’in Qulna) in the chapter of washing the dead in his book the Al-majmoaa (comparative study), because in the statements assumed by the jurist or the interpreter and answers to them of great importance in presenting the scientific material and exciting learners and their excitement to know the jokes and benefits and fix them in their minds, they are Fiqh questions assumed by Imam al-Nawawi and answered and compared with the rest of the statements of the jurists from the four imams the most correct opinion on the matter

Our research aims to know the consumption of electrical energy and the extent of variation in annual and monthly consumption according to climate variation data (monthly and seasonal, and yearly criteria) in Rabi’a District. The research also aims to know the extent of the impact of human factors (population, energy selling prices, and number of subscribers) on electrical energy consumption through its effect on demand, increasing and decreasing, as the research depended on the system approach through a general analysis of the studied phenomenon and then dividing it into components, as well as finding the interactive and influential links between the elements and the environment, in addition to attracting the necessary data and information to conduct the study on the current system, to specify what the new system requires. The research revealed increasing in electrical energy consumption during the study period (2020-2023), as consumption amounting to (159, 136, 219, and 925) were recorded (258, 245, 283, and 742) megawatts, respectively. It also appeared in the research that electrical energy consumption varies during the months of the year, and rises in winter and summer months due to climate changes through the year, especially temperature changes. Temperatures rise in summer and decrease in winter, so demand increases, and with that the usage increases. Electrical appliances consume electrical energy during winter and summer seasons, and decrease during spring and autumn due to moderate temperatures and low demand. The research also revealed that in summer, it was recorded the highest consumption of electrical energy for the years (2020, 2021, and 2023); and in winter, it was recorded the highest consumption in the year (2022).

The Egyptian Cotton Crop Is Considered One Of The Cash Agricultural Crops That Occupies An Important Economic Position In The Fields Of Production, Consumption And Manufacturing, It Is The Backbone Of The Egyptian Economy Because It Is A Strong Competitor That Exceeds International Cottons In Quality. It Played An Important Role In The Political And Economic History Of Egypt With Egypt Falling Under British Occupation In 1882, Political British Efforts To Transform Egypt Into An Agricultural Unit Specialized In Cotton Cultivation To Support Textile Factories, Especially Lancashire Factories

Colin Powell Was Born In 1937 In Harlem In New York City, A Middle-Income Residential Neighborhood. This Social And Economic Environment Formed An Important Part Of His Early Experience, As He Belonged To A Close-Knit Family, And This Provided Him With Important Emotional And Moral Support In His Childhood And Youth He Also Obtained A Good Education In His Studies. He Graduated From City College University In New York, And This Provided Him With A Strong Knowledge Base. In 1958, He Joined The Us Army And Graduated With The Rank Of Lieutenant. He Served In The War During The Us-Vietnamese War, Which Gave Him Practical And Leadership Experience. In General, The Interaction Between The Surrounding Environment, Education, Training, Military Experience, And Personal Traits He Contributed To The Formation Of Colin Powell’s Personality And The Development Of His Leadership And Technical Skills Over The Years. Throughout His Career, Colin Powell Was Able To Adapt To New Changes And Challenges. In 1971, Colin Powell Was An Officer In The Us Army, And During His Service He Obtained A Master’s Degree In Public Administration From George Washington Graduate School

The research deals with the significance of the general predicate in the poetry of Qais bin Dhurayh, and the role of this predicate in showing the semantic features of the verse, and because Qais’s poetry was not collected in a collection of poems like other poets of his time, so everything that was published under the name (The Diwan of Qays Lubna) or (The Diwan of Qais bin Dhurayh) was All in all, some hadith scholars compiled it based on the poems of Qays scattered throughout the books, most of which do not follow the method of sober investigation. Therefore, we adopted what Dr. Hussein Nassar collected and titled it (Qays and Lubna Poetry and Study); Hussein Nassar's work is sober in its collection, investigation, and study.
The study was divided into two sections. The first section: introducing the vocabulary of the title, and included three demands: the first section: defining the meaning, the second section: defining the general predicate, and the third section: introducing Qais bin Dharih. The second section was entitled: patterns of the general predicate in poetry. Qais bin Dhurayh, and it included two requirements: The first requirement: The predicate is a nominal sentence, and the second requirement: The predicate is a verbal sentence and includes the verbal sentence that is a past tense verb, and which is a present tense verb. We concluded our research with a conclusion that included the most important results we reached

Symbols are a type of general rules that enable the map designer to represent what he supports effectively and accurately on a specific area of paper, as the symbol is a fixation of a specific idea or appearance, as the symbol can be close or far from the nature of the phenomenon being studied. Symbols are the language of the map, as they contain the reader's visual perception and enable him to easily understand the map and quickly perceive its features. The main research problem is represented in the question of what are symbols and what is the purpose of symbols? The main goal of establishing the research and its purpose is to know the symbols and their importance to the map designer and its use in map representation. The researcher used inductive reasoning to collect research information regarding map representation and types of graphic representation within geographical maps. The research reached a set of conclusions that symbols are one of the types of general rules that can allow map designers to represent what they want more effectively on a limited area. There are also basic considerations when choosing map symbols, including the mental ability required to be drawn, the subject of the map, its purpose, experience, compatibility, and accuracy of the stages that the map production went through.

The aim of the study was to find the current image and spatial distribution of railway networks in the Arab Levant countries, diagnose the impact of the natural and human foundations along the railways and their reflection on the reality of economic activity in the study area, find spatial balance options, and propose future projects for railway networks in the Arab Levant countries, whether Whether they were regional or individual projects, and benefiting from the experiences of some countries in the field of developing railway transport, especially the use of technology and electrical energy to operate it, and investing in this sector to increase profitable revenues for railway transport.
The study concluded that the location of the Arab Levant countries has a distinguished location in terms of geography, economics and politics, as well as cultural depth, as it occupies the heart of the Afro-Eurasian world, which contributed to the extension of railway lines amounting to 20,789 km, distributed over an area estimated at about 3,995,764 square km, and with a population of about 509,331 thousand people. Productive and service economic activities contributed to the development of the railway transport sector and measured its relative importance compared to other land transport systems such as cars and pipelines. The study also revealed the most important regional projects represented by the development path in Iraq, Syria and the Arab Gulf countries to link international trade and market and transport goods and deliver them to Europe. And the impact of the use of technology in promoting the sustainable development goals of the Arab Levant countries

The current research aims to identify the level of speaking anxiety and its relationship with the cognitive style (Tolerance of Ambiguity - Intolerance of Ambiguity) among preparatory stage students. It also aims to determine the level of speaking anxiety among preparatory stage students according to the variables: (Gender, Grade, Specialization /Major), to identify the differences in the level of cognitive style (Tolerance of Ambiguity - Intolerance of Ambiguity) according to the variables (Gender, Grade, and Specialization /Major), and to determine the relationship between speaking anxiety and the cognitive style (Tolerance of Ambiguity - Intolerance of Ambiguity).
The two researchers adopted the descriptive correlational approach. The research population consisted of (48,695) male and female students for the academic year (2023-2024). The researchers selected a stratified random sample of (488) male and female students, representing 5% of the population. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers used two tools: The first tool was the Speaking Anxiety Scale, which the researchers constructed, consisting of (35) items. The second tool was the Cognitive Style Scale (Tolerance of Ambiguity - Intolerance of Ambiguity),
which the researchers adopted from the scale developed by (Al-Mousawi, 2021), consisting of (32) items, after presenting both tools to experts and extracting their psychometric properties.
The statistical methods used in the current research are: the t-test for one sample, the t-test for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, Point-biserial correlation coefficient, the Z-test for the difference between two correlation coefficients, and the Cronbach's Alpha equation.

This research deals with the applied linguistic aspect of studying the sentence in the story of Abraham (peace be upon him) in the Holy Qur’an, and aims to know the meaning of the sentences included in the story and the meanings it contains; Because semantics revolves around knowing the intended meaning of the sentence, it answers questions, the most important of which are: What are the meanings of the imperative verbal sentences in the story of Abraham (peace be upon him) ? Will it be different or similar ? Will the story sentences include semantic relationships or not ? Will the context have an impact in determining the use of the words included in the sentence ? Will there be a difference in the meaning of the tenses of imperative verbs in the sentences of the story ?
We extrapolated the story of Abraham, peace be upon him, in the Holy Qur’an and determined the sentences contained in it and their type. Then we analyzed the sentences according to what was stated in the body of the research, and I divided the research into two sections, as the first section included a definition of the vocabulary of the title, and the second section included the meaning of The imperative sentence in the story of Abraham, peace be upon him, in the Holy Qur’an, then the research concluded with a conclusion that included the most important results we reached in the research

The aim of the research is to identify: The impact of the strategy of educational stations on the achievement of fourth grade literary students in geography, and the research community represents the preparatory and secondary schools for boys of the morning government of the General Directorate in Nineveh / Qayyarah district, and the research sample consisted of (56) students from the literary quarter grade, for the academic year (2023_2024) and were randomly selected from the research community, the experimental group included (27) students from Tal Al-Shaer High School for Boys, and the officer consisted of (29) students from Awsaja High School for Boys, The research tool is an achievement test prepared by the researchers, the tool consists of (26) items type of objective test and essay test in its final form.
After preparing the teaching plans and the tool, the experiment began (10/10/2023) and continued until (12/24/2023) and after the end of the experiment, the researchers applied the research tool to the students of my group with three lessons. After correcting the students' answers to the tool, the researchers collected and determined the data using the statistical bag according to the statistical program Spss and the results :
_ There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of achievement of students of the experimental group that are taught according to the strategy of educational stations and the average scores of achievement of students of the control group that are taught according to the usual method The researchers also reached a number of recommendations, including: Directing the Ministries of Education and Higher Education to prepare a guide for teachers that includes modern teaching strategies such as the strategy (educational stations) that have proven effective in teaching.

Climatic factors are one of the most important basic variables in determining the dimensions of the true picture of the heat island. Accordingly, the climatic characteristics of the study area were relied upon in studying its heat island. It should also be noted that the climatic characteristics of any region depend on various factors, the first of which is the geographical location and terrain. Water bodies and vegetation, as the prevailing climatic elements in any region reflect the influence of these factors on climate elements, as the climatic characteristics of the study area affect its temperature due to the strong relationship between all climatic factors and temperatures, whether this relationship is direct or inverse . In this research, we discussed the most important climatic elements that have a clear impact on the formation of the urban heat island over the time period specified for the study for a number of selected hypothetical stations, as they were designated on the basis of the diversity of spatial activity in each of them and the resulting direct effects on the climate elements that are fundamentally related. In the formation of the studied phenomenon, we extracted the monthly rates and annual rates for each of the climatic elements that we will discuss successively and worked on analyzing its data.

The analysis was based on monthly rates in the form of tables and figures, as well as cartographic representation to show variations at the level of months and seasons, The research concluded that temperature is one of the basic climatic elements that directly affects the rest of the climate elements, as the change in temperature, whether rising or falling, leads to a change in the climatic characteristics of the city, which affects the local climate and creates tangible differences between urban areas and surrounding areas. The month (July) recorded the hottest month of the year with a monthly average of (35.28) C°, while the month (January) recorded the lowest temperature of the year with a monthly average of (6.10) C°. The hours of solar radiation falling on the study area also begin to increase in The summer months are a result of the lack of clouds and the absence of air depressions passing over the city, in addition to the length of the days and the shortness of the nights. The highest monthly rate was recorded in June, reaching (8.2) m2.day. On the contrary, the periods of solar radiation falling in the winter decrease as a result of the passage of air depressions that pass through the city. It is accompanied by large amounts of clouds that block the sun's rays, in addition to the short days and long nights, as the lowest monthly average was recorded at (2.31) m2.day during the month of December, as this affects the absorption and storage of heat in buildings and roads, creating variations in temperatures between Urban and rural areas, while cartographic models of wind speed rates at an altitude of (10) m showed that the range extending from the east-northeast of the study area towards its south is the highest in terms of wind input due to the flatness of the surface and the presence of topographical corridors, as well as the influence of pressure systems, as the average monthly speed is limited to a range of Between (3.5-3.31) m/s.

Turkey and Saudi Arabia are bound by strong economic relations that have strengthened in the wake of a series of official visits by leaders of both countries. Economic ties have witnessed rapid and significant development, with Saudi Arabia emerging as a crucial economic partner for Turkey and one of its top eight trading partners globally.
Saudi Arabian investments in Turkey encompass sectors such as industry, energy, and food. Data indicates that Saudi investors hold prominent positions in the Turkish real estate market, ranging between the first and second largest share of buyers according to monthly and quarterly real estate reports. The number of Saudi-capital companies investing in Turkey amounts to 350 across various sectors. Additionally, the Saudi business environment has successfully attracted 510 Turkish companies to invest in several sectors, notably construction, manufacturing, and other major projects.
Regarding bilateral trade between the two countries, Turkey's primary exports to Saudi Arabia include plastics, organic chemical products, lead, rubber, carpets, furniture, and electrical machinery. Meanwhile, the main imports to Turkey from Saudi Arabia consist of aluminum, paper, particularly fruit (dates), and lead

This study employed the DRASTIC model to assess groundwater vulnerability and sensitivity to contamination. The model's accuracy is attributed to its quantitative analysis of seven hydrogeological parameters: depth to groundwater (D), recharge rate (R), aquifer media (A), soil media (S), topography (T), impact of vadose zone (I), and hydraulic conductivity (C).
The primary objective of this research was to investigate the influence of natural factors on groundwater contamination, characterize its quantitative and qualitative properties, map its spatial distribution within the study area, and evaluate its suitability for various uses. A geographic information system (GIS) (ArcGIS 10.8) was utilized to generate thematic maps representing the groundwater characteristics of the study area.
Data from 128 groundwater wells were collected and used to develop final models illustrating contamination levels, which were classified into three categories: high, moderate, and low. A masking technique was applied based on groundwater sensitivity to contamination, with each parameter assigned a weighting factor. The results indicated that low-contamination areas constituted 31% of the study area, while moderate-contamination areas accounted for 34%, and high-contamination areas comprised 35%.
Several factors contributed to the observed contamination levels. Industrial activities in the eastern part, such as block, furniture, and automotive manufacturing, released pollutants during floods. Unregulated well drilling adversely affected aquifer geology. The topographic gradient facilitated the movement of contaminated water from higher to lower elevations. Additionally, pesticide use in parks and external pollution sources, including industrial emissions, oil field leaks, and untreated wastewater, significantly impacted groundwater quality.

The research aimed to identify "the effectiveness of using positive thinking strategies in developing psychological energy among middle school students" and to achieve the current research goal, the following hypotheses were formulated:
1- The first hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at a significance level of (0.05) between the scores of the pre- and post-applications of the experimental group.
2- The second hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at a significance level of (0.05) between the scores of the pre- and post-applications of the experimental group and the control group.
The research sample was intentionally selected, amounting to 70 female students from the fourth literary middle school grade. The experimental group consisted of 35 female students, while the control group consisted of 35 female students. The researchers used the quasi-experimental approach and designed a program based on positive thinking strategies with 14 sessions. The researchers built an energy scale consisting of 35 paragraphs. The validity of the tool was verified, which reached 91%, and its reliability reached 86%. They used a set of statistical methods, including (arithmetic averages, standard deviations, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a t-test for two related samples Paired Samla t-test and a t-test for two independent samples, and a t-test for a single sample, and calculating the effect size using Eta square). The following results were reached: There is a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-measurement in favor of the post-measurement due to the exposure of the experimental group to the program, and there is a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group The researchers attribute this result to the impact of the program's effectiveness, and the results did not show a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-measurements of the control group due to its not being exposed to the program

The research objective is to identify: “The effect of the snowball strategy on the achievement of fifth-grade scientific students in the Holy Qur’an and Islamic education.” The current population was represented in the morning secondary and middle schools for boys, and a sample of fifth-grade scientific students was intentionally selected from two schools: Eski Mosul Secondary School for Boys and Hadima Secondary School for Boys, affiliated with the General Directorate of Nineveh Education. For the second semester of the year(2023/2024), the two research groups were randomly selected from these two schools by drawing method, so the sample consisted of 66 students who were divided into two groups, the first an experimental group that included 33 students who studied according to the (snowball) strategy, and the second a control group that included 33 Students studied the subject according to the usual method.
To achieve the two objectives of the research, the researcher prepared an achievement test for the subject of the Holy Qur’an and Islamic education, consisting of 30 items of the objective type with a specific answer. After collecting and specifying the data, it was statistically processed using appropriate statistical methods according to the statistical program Spss, and the results were as follows:
There is a statistically significant difference at the level of 0.05 between the average achievement scores of the experimental group students who study the Holy Qur’an and Islamic education according to the snowball strategy and the average achievement scores of the control group students who study the same subject according to the normal method and in light of the research results. The researcher came out with a number of conclusions, including that the “snowball” strategy had a role in improving and raising the achievement level. The researcher also recommended a set of recommendations, most notably directing male and female teachers of the Holy Quran and Islamic education in the secondary stage to adopt active learning strategies as a basic method of teaching.

The interest in the issue of choosing the right industrial site within the urban environment of the city has increased because industry is a fundamental pillar of economic and social progress and achieving individual well-being. Inappropriate choice is one of the things that cannot be avoided because it can lead to significant economic losses. Industrial areas are a type of regional patterns of industry as they aim to organize urban land uses so that industrial areas do not burden other land uses, and to relieve pressure on the central area and crowded areas. Due to the expansion of land uses, especially residential ones, due to the increase in population numbers, these uses have witnessed overlap with each other, especially industrial uses with other uses, and this calls for searching for sites outside the central area.
Given the great importance of the industrial site in the institution or project, it has received great attention from industrial planning in determining and selecting it, through conducting a careful study of the technical and economic feasibility of the proposed alternatives and selecting the best of them. The decision to select an industrial site is also one of the important, difficult and strategic decisions facing industrial companies due to the huge volume of financial investments employed and the high costs involved. Considering that the decision to select the optimal industrial site is a long-term strategic decision, it affects the future of the company and determines the possibility of its success or failure.
Choosing an industrial site to establish a service industries site within the Greater Mosul City (i.e. after the expansion) is an important topic, because geographical knowledge provides awareness and understanding of the various spatial relationships of geographical phenomena through what it provides to read the philosophy of the place from the practical and theoretical point of view, and it is necessary to choose the most appropriate and realistic solutions for the purpose of reducing the gaps based on contemporary technical methods that are consistent with the research methodology by working to employ the capabilities of (GIS) programs for the purpose of achieving the required goals through the use of spatial analysis tools that are available within the geographic information systems environment by building a spatial suitability model (Suitabilit Model) in order to choose the best places to select industrial service sites, as the study dealt with analyzing the factors affecting the choice of the site of the industrial service area for the Greater Mosul City in its natural and human types, considering them the geographical components of the study area and the basis for spatial development in it.
Spatial modeling was used as a scientific and globally followed method in the fields of geography, engineering, development and planning to find the appropriate environment for the activity, whether it is industrial, agricultural or residential in a specific geographical area. The study worked to find the best spatial suitability sites to choose sites for the proposed industries using the multi-criteria decision method (MCDM) and the analytical hierarchy methodology (AHP).

The suitability analysis process was developed by landscape scientists first, and then the foundations for determining the location were formulated by Waldo Tobler and developed significantly after that in the environment of geographic information systems, using mathematical sciences (operations research) and spatial sciences as basic tools that lead to achieving more accurate results according to spatial suitability and according to the standards and considerations for the layers and according to the importance of each factor. The study produced five levels of suitability starting with a degree of (1.21% very low) because they are crowded residential areas and reached a degree of (low at 8.98%) as commercial areas and recorded medium suitability at a rate of (32.32%) because they are semi-empty areas. Among other uses, high suitability accounted for the highest percentage, which is (50.65%). It is suitable because it is outside the city and outside the residential areas, and finally, it has a very high percentage, which is (6.93%).

The aim of the research is to identify: (The impact of the overlapping waves strategy on the development of social responsibility among fifth grade literary students in geography) It represents the current research community of secondary and preparatory schools for the government morning study of the General Directorate of Education of Nineveh Governorate / Rabia Education Department (2023-2024) randomly selected from the research community, the experimental group included (27) students and the officer (26) Student, tool: social responsibility scale prepared by the researcher, the tool consists of (40) items in its final form. After preparing the teaching plans and the tool, and the experiment began (8/10/2023) and continued until (24/12/2023), and after the end of the experiment, the researcher applied the research tool to the students of my group (the research sample), and the experiment lasted for a period of (11) weeks for the two groups and by three lessons. After correcting the students' answers to the tool, the researcher collected and determined data using statistical means according to a statistical program Spss and results:
There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average development of social responsibility for students of the experimental group that is taught by the strategy of overlapping waves and the average social responsibility of students of the control group that is taught in the usual way.The researcher also reached a number of recommendations, including conducting the preparation and training unit in the General Directorate of Education in Nineveh Governorate training courses for geography teachers for the preparatory stages on the wave strategy strategy, and recommended proposals, including, the impact of the wave strategy strategy in acquiring geographical concepts among fifth grade students,

After the collapse of the Mughal Empire in 1858 M, the interest of Indian Muslims in the Ottoman Empire, which became their only refuge in the face of British persecution, increased, despite this interest, the Ottoman Empire could not provide the necessary support to the Muslims of India because of its preoccupation with its internal and external problems, and during that stage the Islamic University movement appeared in the Ottoman Empire under the auspices of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876-1909 M), where Indian Muslim scholars, of different intellectual sects, found their desired interest in this movement, hence their policy was active in Advocacy.

The letter is regarded as one of parts of speech as well as a significant pillar of them. The letter's function appears in its complementary role and the composition of the Arabic sentence. Additionally, the letter has an importance that becomes clear in the general concept of the Arabic sentence, so that, the Arabic linguists were interested in the letter semantic condition, the contexts where the letter is omitted, its multiple usages, and its morphological issues. Henceforth, This study is conducted to show and reveal the grammatical principles of Ibn Hisham al-Ansari, a great and high roller scientist, in his valuable book, investigating his choices, objections, and preferences from the letter's point of view. Then, the study tracks these principles historically, beginning with the oldest book. The study consists of an introduction, preliminary, five research questions, and conclusio

This research aims to shed light on the concept of foresight as an important concept and an issue that has its role in contemporary critical and literary studies, as it represents an axis for presenting a vision of what will come in the future, in addition to its importance to the recipient; because it is based on breaking the horizon of its expectations, foresight does not in any way go beyond the being of time; because it is a part of it related to the future, not the past and the present, and therefore we divided this research into axes as follows:
1- The concept of foresight in language and terminology.
2- The relationship of the term foresight to similar terms, the most important of which are: (prediction - anticipation - inspiration - insight - imagination - and vision).
3- As for the last axis, we have dedicated it to clarifying the concept of poetic vision and its difference from vision with the tied taa.

The Banu al-Ahmar family ruled Granada in between 897 635 AH/12381492 AD. They were the last Arab Muslim family to rule in Andalusia. They were also called the Banu Nasr or the Nasrids. They were able to establish their state and save what remained of the Andalusian heritage, which lasted for more than two centuries.
Establishing a strong state required a lot of money, so it was necessary for the rulers to collect it in many ways and means. The Bani Al-Ahmar worked to find means, including legal and illegal, to collect money from the residents of Granada and the cities under their control, such as zakat, tax, tribute, taxes, confiscations of funds, and other ways in order to cover expenses. the public .

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger, as a mercy to the worlds, and upon his family and companions, and peace be upon him. As for what follows: I discuss in this request taken from a long master’s thesis that includes the quotes of Imam al-Nawawi, may God Almighty have mercy on him, from the description of prayer to the end of the book of prayer - a comparative jurisprudential study - and this request represents the request taken from a long master’s thesis. Part of this long thesis, the subject of which is the Witr prayer, in terms of whether it is obligatory or whether it is a confirmed Sunnah or otherwise. The researcher has concluded through his research that it is a confirmed Sunnah and not obligatory

The current research aims to know the level of social interaction among autistic children, and to determine the forms of social interaction among autistic children from the point of view of male and female teachers of autism centers in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, To achieve the two objectives of the research, we relied on the scale prepared by (Ghazal, 2007) to measure the goal of social interaction, which consists of (30) items with answer alternatives (always, sometimes, rarely, never) after he extracted the necessary psychometric properties for it, represented by apparent honesty. The reliability extracted by the test-retest method reached (0.87), It was applied to a research sample of (252) male and female teachers working in autism centers in the governorates of the region (Erbil - Dohuk - Sulaymaniyah), After checking and correcting the answers of the research sample members to the scale items and analyzing the data statistically using several statistical methods such as percentage, Pearson correlation coefficient, the two-sample T-test, and the Fisher equation based on the Statistical Portfolio for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program,
It was found that there is a level of social interaction among autistic children from the point of view of the members of the research sample, and the presence of social interaction to a greater degree among autistic children in the paragraphs of the sequence (7, 29, 8, 4, 27), because they fall above the specified criterion, In light of the research results, the researchers reached a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals necessary for the relevant authorities to the subject of the study.

This research focuses on studying the historical stages of urban and functional growth of the city of Sinjar from its inception to the present time, and the reflection of this development on the characteristics and current size of the city.
The city grows and evolves through two main dimensions: time and place. There is no doubt about the importance of the temporal dimension, which represents the development of historical events, making it essential for our understanding of the nature of urban emergence and decline, whether natural or human-made. The foundation of this is the second dimension, represented by place, which underscores the significance of geographical factors (location and site) in the emergence of cities and the changes in their roles and functions

The population sizes of cities are a combination of natural and human factors and affect the ranks of cities. If these factors are concentrated in a city, this city takes urban dominance over the rest of the cities. On the contrary, if these factors were distributed over the cities, there would be a balance in the urban system of cities. This is approximately in developing countries. By applying Zipf's law to the administrative units of Nineveh Governorate, there is a clear difference between the actual size and the ideal size according to Zipf's law. The administrative units differ in the city of Nineveh between descending and ascending in the size ranks. The city of Mosul took first place among the administrative units and by a large margin over the other units from 1997 to 2023. This indicates that the city of Mosul enjoys great urban dominance over the rest of the cities for the years of study. This is due to its enjoyment of all services and characteristics, including educational and cultural services, government departments, location, climate and terrain that qualify it, as the location, climate and terrain are considered the political and administrative center of the city of Nineveh, and all educational and cultural services and government departments are concentrated in it.

The Arab society from the pre-Islamic era to the present day has possessed cognitive dimensions that represented the basis of the Arab's life، such as truth، goodness، courage، helping the distressed، and protecting the neighbor. These are the cognitive and moral dimensions that Islam did not diminish when it came، but rather confirmed، strengthened، and added to them. As will be shown in this research، scholars have pointed out that the tribal system prevailed in the lives of the Arabs in their pre-Islamic era، and there was no strong central government under whose banner everyone could gather. Each tribe was unique in its individuality according to a special system that governed it. Tribalism knew the belief in unity as a sacred matter، and a set of social customs and traditions were based on it، which were like a constitution that organized its policy and determined the duties of its members and the rights they had. The tribe represented the prevailing system and authority، and the best thing that represented and translated these customs was pre-Islamic poetry. These four poets constituted a distinctive phenomenon in pre-Islamic literature that certainly does not negate others، but they have a prominent position through the opinions of critics and scholars in the nature of their creativity، as books of literature and its history celebrated their biographies and creativity in a way that makes their selection as a sample for study a selection that can give a good idea of the nature of the social cognitive aspect in pre-Islamic literature، especially since they are poets who reflected to a large extent the cognitive and value-based data of the era in which they lived، and this is what we will try to shed light on in this study.

This research deals with the study of the words that conclude the chapters of the Holy Qur’an that are the object in the context of the verbal sentence. These words at the end of the chapters of the Qur’an are characterized by carrying eloquent and concentrated meanings that often summarize the content of the chapter or send a final message to the reader. The words that conclude the chapters of the Holy Qur’an are among the prominent linguistic elements that contribute to enriching the Qur’anic text and strengthening its message. These words gain special importance when they come as the object in the context of the verbal sentence, as they play a vital role in determining the meaning of the verb and directing it. Through the analysis of the last word that concludes the chapters of the Holy Qur’an, the verbal sentences in the Qur’an show a delicate balance between the verb and its object, which reflects rhetorical coherence and linguistic consistency. The words that conclude the chapters are characterized by their ability to summarize and confirm the meanings indicated during the chapter. This study aims to provide a precise analysis of the words that are the object in the context of the verbal sentence, at the end of the chapters, with a focus on their role in strengthening the verb

In this study, we seek to uncover a part of the reality of the pre-Islamic era, and to illuminate the areas of satire in two Mu'allaqat by two poets from two different generations. The meeting was between two different visions of pre-Islamic life: the vision of the poet Amr ibn Kulthum al-Taghlabi, when he was in the prime of youth and strength, and the vision of the experienced, old poet al-Harith ibn Hilza al-Yashkuri, who improvised his poem to refute what was in Amr ibn Kulthum's poem. The antithesis is a poem in which a poet responds to his opponent's poet, refuting its meanings and turning his pride into satire. They met at the court of King Amr ibn Hind, who tried to reconcile the two tribes, Taghlib and Bakr. Each poet came with his Mu'allaqat in the position of pleading in defense of the tribe, and al-Harith was very successful in wresting power in favor of his tribe

The Christian Thought magazine, which was published in 1964, was rich in articles and diverse in its sections, and thus it is considered an important source for documenting the contemporary history of Iraq, Its editors were keen to publish it on time despite the financial crises that caused its double issues to be published. Great effort was made before publishing it through correspondence with the magazine’s publishers and organizing its articles and drafting them in the required manner. The magazine was able to convey its voice to its readers, whether inside or outside Iraq, to constitute a source. They have a historical record of incidents and cases that are useful to researchers.
The magazine was distinguished by its moderate journalistic and media discourse and did not engage in heated discussions and controversy over a negatively contested issue. Perhaps the magazine, in avoiding this issue, provided a model for moderate newspapers, just as it clearly expressed the moral and educational commitment of its owners to the mediaIt focused on the family, children, youth, and education, especially compulsory education, which aimed to educate the children of the poor classes of peasants and workers, who were the basis of the process of social and cultural change, to balance the educational process and give equal opportunities to everyone to eradicate illiteration.

This present study aims to investigate how storytellers construct their identity in online written narratives as well as to identify what type)s( of identity are projected as a result of the narrator’s linguistic choices. Labov's Structural Narrative model (1972), was employed to analyse a written success story with a tragic theme, published on a public social media website for Women for Women International Organization (WFWIO). Labov's model is a six-schema sociolinguistic approach that contributes to an improved understanding of narratives by offering insights into the author's linguistic techniques. This study offers a unique application of Labov's model, originally intended for analysing spoken narratives, to the examination of written narratives in an online context. The study finds that the Labovian structural components of storytelling: Abstract, Orientation, Complicating Action, Resolution, Evaluation, and Coda, play an essential role in shaping the narrator's gender identity. In addition, the narrator employs evaluative strategies to strengthen her gender identity. Also, the analysis verifies that the structural components of the written stories, in alignment with the narrator’s linguistic choices, significantly contribute to the manner in which individuals project their identity. Furthermore, the study finds that the structural analysis of the story largely reflects many types of identity, namely; personal, social, cultural, and evolving identities.