DIRASAT TARBAWIYA

This research aims to identify the effectiveness of the Learning to Mastery strategy in raising the academic achievement of middle school students in history، as well as improving their attitudes toward the subject. To achieve this goal، a quasi-experimental approach was adopted. A sample of 75 students from the fourth year of middle school (literary section) was selected and divided into two groups: an experimental group taught using the Learning to Mastery strategy، and a control group taught using the traditional method. Research tools were developed، consisting of an achievement test and a scale for attitudes toward history. After verifying their validity and reliability، they were administered pre- and post-tests. The results of the statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the average scores of students in the two groups، in favor of the experimental group، in both academic achievement and attitude toward the subject. In light of these results، the researcher recommends incorporating the Learning to Mastery strategy into the approved teaching methods، given its positive impact on enhancing achievement and improving students\' psychological attitudes toward history.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the medium teaching strategy on the achievement in the subject of geography and divergent thinking among fifth-grade literary stream students. The researcher adopted the experimental approach with a design for partially controlled groups. The research tools consisted of :(40) an achievement test characterized by appropriate psychometric properties, and (25) a divergent thinking test also verified for its validity and reliability. After implementing the tools at the end of the experiment, the results showed statistically significant differences in the mean scores of both the achievement test and the divergent thinking test in favor of the experimental group.

The present study examines mothers’ perspectives on their children\'s use of digital media platforms, within the context of shifting patterns in children\'s cartoon viewing—particularly toward platforms like YouTube. This shift raises several questions regarding children\'s general use of these platforms, especially YouTube, and the challenges and risks associated with the educational and social impacts of the diverse content they consume, which ranges from beneficial to harmful. It also explores the methods of supervision and guidance available to mothers, as well as possible alternatives.
The study aimed to identify the most frequently used medium for watching cartoons among children, with YouTube and television topping the list. It sought to assess the intensity of children\'s YouTube viewing from the mothers’ point of view, examine the extent of mothers’ approval of their children watching cartoons on YouTube, and explore the methods of guidance and supervision mothers employ over the digital content their children consume.
The researcher adopted a descriptive survey methodology and used a questionnaire as the primary research tool. For sampling, a multi-stage sampling method was applied, targeting kindergarten children in Baghdad. The researcher selected kindergartens affiliated with the Ministry of Education in both Al-Karkh (Districts 1, 2, and 3) and Al-Rusafa (Districts 1, 2, and 3). From each directorate, 10% of the total number of kindergartens was selected, and from each chosen kindergarten, 10 children were randomly selected—thus identifying the mothers who participated in the study.
The study concluded that: It is essential for mothers to build a strong relationship of trust with their children to foster transparent and honest communication and a positively interactive family environment. This enhances children\'s acceptance of and satisfaction with maternal guidance and supervision, refining their use and choices in line with parental direction. Mothers and fathers must stay informed about smart device usage and familiarize themselves with the applications and updates of digital media platforms their children engage with. Mothers should diversify their guidance and supervision strategies and set appropriate timeframes for YouTube usage, tailored to their circumstances at home or work, ensuring both benefit and enjoyment for their children.

This research explores the role of digital advertising in promoting awareness of the diverse cultural heritage of Iraqi provinces. It analyzes the strategies and visual techniques used in digital campaigns across interactive platforms and modern technologies. The study emphasizes the importance of preserving Iraq’s cultural identity by showcasing key heritage elements—such as historical landmarks, traditional crafts, and folkloric clothing—through compelling and visually engaging digital content.
The research adopts a descriptive analytical approach, examining various digital advertising models that aim to reflect the cultural identity of Iraq’s regions and assess their effectiveness in achieving awareness and promotional goals. It also discusses the impact of digital media and social networks in reinforcing national identity within the evolving technological landscape.
The study concludes that digital advertising is a powerful tool for cultural awareness, offering creative and visual capacities that effectively engage a broad audience. When strategically employed, it can contribute to the revival and preservation of local heritage, strengthening its presence in collective memory

The study aimed to explore the impact of life in orphanages on orphans\' self-confidence and academic achievement. A descriptive analytical approach was adopted to analyze and describe this impact. The research population consisted of all orphans residing in orphanages in Baghdad. A questionnaire was designed with three sections: the first included questions related to life in the orphanage, the second measured self-confidence levels, and the third assessed academic achievement. The researcher utilized the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for statistical analysis. The study yielded several key findings, including:
There is a statistically significant effect (α ≤ 0.05) of life in orphanages on orphans\' self-confidence. There is a statistically significant effect (α ≤ 0.05) of life in orphanages on academic achievement. Based on these findings, the study recommends: Improving the infrastructure of orphanages to ensure a safe and comfortable environment with well-equipped facilities such as bedrooms, libraries, and play areas. Providing comprehensive support for orphans in care homes, including psychological, social, and educational support, to enhance their academic performance.

The research aimed to investigate: of the ability to train the sensory system of kindergarten children to pay attention to receiving environmental stimuli. Therefore, the researcher followed the experimental approach in designing the research methodology. The research community was also determined, distributed among (6) directorates of education in Rusafa and Karkh. The kindergartens affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Karkh I, numbering (34), were identified, with (850) children in the preparatory stage learning. A sample of (3) kindergartens, including (75) children, was selected. A tool was designed to measure the research objective, consisting of (15) items.
(3) Curriculum plans were designed, including educational content related to how the sensory system of kindergarten children is trained. The research tool and educational plans were presented to a group of arbitrators to provide their comments on their components. The most important conclusions were:
The components of the educational plans applied to the research sample contributed to directing children\'s perceptions toward the environmental stimuli in which they practice their activities, making them practical. Its goal is self-directed and collectively directed.

Graphic logo design is based on the designer\'s creative intent, where elements are carefully assembled and organized for understanding across diverse layers and forms. This is done while adhering to traditional design boundaries with maintaining a modern and innovative perspective. Typography designers also influence this field, often drawing on culturally significant symbols, enhancing and developing them to enhance their aesthetic and communicative impact.
Each design follows a unique set of principles and paths that dictate the use of language and typographic elements to enhance functional and visual expression. A designer\'s interest in creating logos often stems from a desire to explore new methods of visual communication. Because logos carry a visual spatial element, designers seek to align this element with innovative spatial frameworks, which prompted this research.
This study contains into four chapters. The first chapter formulates the primary research question: How can Arabic Kufic script be effectively employed in logo design? The research focuses on aligning design solutions with the designer\'s conceptual framework to produce visually appealing and culturally relevant logos. The scope of the study includes an analysis of logos that use Kufic script, specifically those developed in Iraq between 2023 and 2024. The second chapter explores the symbolism and expressiveness of logos, design criteria, and the integration of Arabic script into logo design. The third chapter outlines the methodology, relying on a descriptive and analytical approach with a thoughtful selection of research samples. The final chapter presents the most important findings of the study.

The relationship between the politician and the poet is a dialectical relationship based on a dual foundation of praise and satire political authority throughout ages needs poets ,or what are newly called intellectuals ,to consolidate its legitimacy ,justify its policy, and submit to it ,in order to convince society of the words and actions of the ruler and his entourage if they were loyal to the ruler they would praised him and thus obtained a financial reward and a prominent position in the court. But if they oppose him, their ate will be exclusion or there are those who oscillate between the two, and death, the research aims to explain the cultural aspects of political poetry in the Abbasid era for two models of poets, Dabal Al-Khuzai and Buhtari, and to explain their political position on the ruling authority the first lost life, causing his political Poems in Bani al-Abbas, and the second ,he won prizes and gifts for his therefore, the nature of the research required praise of them that it include an introduction.

This research is entitled "(Prohibitions of Ihram in Hajj and Umrah in Islamic Jurisprudence)." It highlights the most important prohibitions that the pilgrim must avoid. It also addresses the definition of prohibitions and Ihram in terms of both linguistics and convention, as well as the most important prohibitions that are forbidden for men and women, prohibitions specific to men, and prohibitions specific to women.

The 1920 revolution broke out in Iraq in May 1920 against the British occupation and its policy of transforming Iraq into a part of the British empire, and the 19920 goals of exploiting it strategically, economically, and socially, it is one of the most important Iraqi revolutions Iraq where.
Iraqi people, in all their diversity, expressed their refusal to submit and surrender to colonial domination. With their blood and unity, the Iraqis painted the most wonderful images of heroism and courage in resisting the occupier, until the revolution became a model and beacon for national and nationalist revolutions in all Arab Countries.

The Rose Revolution in Georgia in 2003 was a peaceful revolution, the result of internal and external factors sought by Western powers. The goal was to win the favor of all the countries that had seceded from the former Soviet Union, integrate them into the Western world, and besiege, pressure, and weaken the Russian Federation. Western support for Georgia varied, both economic and political and diplomatic. To achieve geopolitical and strategic goals under the pretext of spreading freedom and democracy and building civil society, Moscow, Beijing, and Ankara have developed their own foreign policy strategies to confront NATO and the European Union, protect their national security, and maintain stability.

Many historians have described the Islamic regions, their wealth, and their numerous geographic divisions, which have always changed with the passage of time and the changing policies, governments, and states. Among these historians is Ibn al-Kindi (d. 355 AH / 966 AD), who described Egypt. In doing so, he wrote a precise local history in which he described the various parts of Egypt and its wealth.

This research aims to investigate the effect of the Hot Seat strategy on the oral expression performance of eighth-grade female students in Jamjal district, Sulaymaniyah governorate. The district was selected intentionally, while the sample of students was chosen randomly from Media School, totaling 55students—27in the experimental group and 28 in the control group—for the academic year 2024–2025. The two groups were equalized in terms of chronological age (measured in months), previous year’s Kurdish language grades, and intelligence level. The study required the researcher to prepare a tool to measure the level of their oral expressive performance, which consisted of five domains, each with a set of sub-skills, totaling 20 items, using a five-point Likert scale. After applying the tool, the results indicated that the Hot Seat strategy had a positive effect on improving the students' performance, in favor of the experimental group. The researcher recommended the importance of modern teaching strategies, including the Hot Seat, as well as emphasizing the oral expression lesson and providing teachers with the necessary skills to teach the subject effectively.

This study aims to examine the effect of training in self-play skills on reducing social anxiety levels among high school students. The research adopted a quasi-experimental approach, selecting a sample of students who exhibited high levels of social anxiety based on a standardized measurement scale. The participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received a structured training program focused on developing self-play skills over a specified period, while the control group did not receive any training.
A social anxiety scale was used to assess anxiety levels before and after the implementation of the training program. The results indicated a significant reduction in social anxiety among the experimental group compared to the control group, highlighting the effectiveness of self-play skills training in improving social adjustment and reducing symptoms of anxiety in high school students. The study recommends incorporating self-play skills into school counseling and psychological programs, especially for students who experience social difficulties or excessive anxiety

The research deals with the topic (formal metaphor and its use in children's library designs) including the research problem that was summarized in the following question: Does the use of formal metaphors in children's library designs play a role in attracting children to study and read?. The aim of the research aims to reveal the formal metaphorical uses used in the design of children's office units, while shedding light on the scientific and cognitive importance of the research. The terms were defined, and the research procedures and methodology were adopted, according to the descriptive scientific method in the analysis, and the samples were chosen intentionally

Chaos creates new forms of order through the demolition and construction of general foundations. In theatrical art, at the level of acting, the researcher found that the actor\'s performance chaos creates a type of order. Therefore, she studied these order systems, dividing them into four chapters. In the first chapter, she addressed the research problem, which is summarized in the following question: \"What is the effectiveness of chaos systems for acting performance in contemporary theatrical performance?\" She also discussed the importance of the research, its temporal, spatial, and thematic boundaries, and the research objective (to identify the effectiveness of chaos systems for acting performance in contemporary theatrical performance). She also defined terminology. In the second chapter, the theoretical framework was divided into three sections. In the first, the researcher addressed the concept of chaos philosophically and conceptually. The second section addressed the relationship between chaos and the construction of order in theatrical performance. The third section addressed the representations of chaos in the performance. Thus, the chapter concluded with the results of the theoretical framework. The third chapter addressed the research procedures, including the research community, its samples, research methodology, tools, and sample analysis. In the fourth chapter, the researcher reached the results and conclusions, including:
1. Chaos manifested itself in imaginary scenes that deviated from the norm and obscured reality, with humans transforming into monsters and the dead being brought back to life.
2. The multiplicity of discordant signs and images produces multiple meanings, causing chaos and the disruption of a familiar system, transforming it into the unnatural—that is, from reality to fantasy.
Recommendations, suggestions, a list of sources, references, and appendices, as well as a summary of the research in both Arabic and English,

Metaform is no longer a cosmetic option in theatrical design. Rather, it has become an independent language, contributing to the construction of the performance's discourse and reshaping the relationship between text and viewer. In contemporary Iraqi theater, this approach represents a challenge and a necessity that transcends reality toward profound symbolic expression. The researcher divided his research into four chapters. In the first chapter, he addressed the methodological framework represented by the research problem through the following question: What is the extent of the impact of the use of metaform in the design of contemporary Iraqi theatrical scenery? The importance of the research, which provided a theoretical framework for understanding the function of the theatrical space as a semantic and aesthetic element. The aim of the research was to uncover the aesthetic and intellectual characteristics of metaform and then define the most important terms. The second chapter included two sections, concluding with indicators and discussing previous studies. The researcher then moved on to the third chapter (research procedures), which included the research sample. The fourth chapter presented the results, and then concluded the research with the most important sources and appendices.

The visual stimulus is a cognitive link of attraction that is linked to the factors of artistic psychology and its physiological and psychological theories that affect the manufacture and production of industrial designs with their appropriate appearance and harmony with functional performance, which gives the design an aesthetic dimension that agrees in appeal and acceptability, and that industrial achievements are subjected in their manufacture to many technical treatments that It faces some difficulties in its performance features when used, as it is a problem that must be addressed and studied. This is what required the current research to address the subject from its theoretical and applied aspects and what is compatible with the design junctures with contemporary technologies to solve all design problems. Accordingly, the visual stimulus in the design represents the characteristics and features of the product from its perspective. His creativity

The research problem entitled Consumption Culture in Postmodern Formation dealt with a study of the concept of consumption. The study included four chapters. The first chapter dealt with the theoretical framework, which raised the following question: What is the role of consumption culture and how was its concept employed in the formation of postmodernism and who are the artists who embodied the culture of consumption in their works? The first chapter included the importance of the research and (the aim of the research) - revealing the variables of postmodern formation with the pressure of representations of the culture of consumption. As for the limits of the research, it was interested in studying the concept of the event in the drawings of contemporary Iraqi plastic artists, by analyzing some of their illustrated works from the period (2000-2020) specifically. The chapter also included (defining terms). The second chapter, which is represented by the theoretical framework, contained three topics: The first section: Introduction to the concept of consumer culture, while the second section included: Characteristics and determinants of consumer culture. The third section included: Features, justifications, results and artistic schools. Chapter Three (Procedural Framework): Specialized in research procedures, defining the research community and choosing the research sample from it, numbering (3) models, from the trends of conceptual art, then the research tool and sample analysis.Chapter Four: Includes the results of sample analysis for each trend, then the results of the comparative analysis, conclusions, recommendations and proposals,

The Impact of Implementing the SCAMPER Program in Teaching Art Education on Developing Artistic Skills among Second-Grade Intermediate Students
This study aims to investigate the impact of applying the SCAMPER program in teaching art education on the development of artistic skills among second-grade intermediate students. To achieve this objective, the researcher adopted an experimental methodology involving a sample of 60 female students from a school affiliated with the Directorate of Education in Diyala Governorate, Baqubah District. The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The researcher developed an observation checklist for artistic skills, which included four main skills and twenty sub-skills. The results revealed that students in the experimental group significantly outperformed those in the control group in artistic skill development.

Efficient allocation of irrigation water is critical for sustaining agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. This study evaluates spatio-temporal patterns of irrigation-water distribution in the Al-Latifiya Irrigation Project (Baghdad, Iraq) by integrating multispectral Landsat 8 imagery with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, calibrated with field samples, was applied to two 2024 acquisition dates that represent the winter (6 June) and summer (15 December) seasons. Overall classification accuracy exceeded 95 % (κ = 0.93). Between the two dates bare land expanded from 46.23 % to 48.67 % of the study area, while vegetated surfaces contracted from 34.40 % to 32.48 %. Water bodies increased slightly from 16.34 % to 18.20 %, whereas built-up land remained minor (<3 %). Seasonal land-cover dynamics were combined with crop-specific duty-of-water coefficients to map relative water demand and to flag fields whose consumption exceeded project quotas. The results demonstrate how regularly updated land-cover information can underpin transparent, data-driven irrigation scheduling and improve long-term water-use efficiency.

This research is to evaluate the in-service English language teacher development programme of the Open Educational College in Iraq. The aim of this evaluation is to identify the academic programme and the positive aspects and the ones that need to be updated, improved or changed. The researcher hypothesizes that the programme satisfies the English Language teachers' needs from their own perspectives. The evaluation tool used for achieving the aim is a five-scale questionnaire of (21) items based on Peacock’s (2009) model. The data is collected from the fourth year students of the academic year (2021-2022) and the students who graduated in the academic year (2020-2021) as those two groups had experienced the curriculum that was recently recommended by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research for Colleges of Basic Education in Iraq. Focus-group interviews were also conducted in order to collect further data.

This study explores the pragmatic aspects of human-AI interaction, focusing on the theoretical and practical implications for AI design. By analyzing current pragmatic principles and their applicability to AI systems, the research identifies gaps in existing knowledge and proposes new frameworks for enhancing AI pragmatic competence. The findings highlight the importance of context modeling, social processes, and politeness stra in improving AI's ability to handle nuanced language understanding. The study also addresses ethical considerations and provides guidelines for implementing pragmatic features in AI systems, aiming to enhance user experience and trust in AI technologies. The research concludes with recommendations for future studies to further advance the field of AI pragmatics.