Ahl Al-Bait Jurnal

The research included shedding light on the life of the great lady, our mother Khadija bint Khuwaylid al-Kubra, peace be upon her, and that she is the pride of the infallible ones, peace be upon them, and the nobles, and mentioning her characteristics, deeds, sacrifices, and what she provided to Islam and Muslims, materially and morally, for without her, Islam would not have stood a pillar nor would its branch have become green, and the investigator and researcher can find within her holy life multiple awareness and development programs that guide to reform, goodness, righteousness, and the aspects of goodness and fighting corruption, the research was too narrow to list them all. We relied on various sources from the Imamis and the public in investigating the facts and information, such as Sahih al-Bukhari and Muslim, and from the Imamis such as al-Kafi and al-Bahr and others. The research was divided into two studies and three demands for the first and two demands in the second research.

This research addresses the use of artificial intelligence in international criminal investigations, highlighting the legal opportunities and challenges associated with it. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating these technologies into the legal system to enhance the effectiveness of investigations, while pointing out the existing legal gaps that require updates. It also examines the ethical challenges related to protecting individuals' rights and privacy. Finally, the research provides recommendations for legislators and investigators, including updating laws, providing training, establishing data protection policies, and enhancing transparency by involving civil society in discussions about these technologies.

This research appears the circumstances of the conflict that raged between the colonial powers dominating the Arab Gulf region since the beginning of the sixteenth century AD which is represented by Portuguese and Dutch colonialism and the clashes, intersections and political, military and economic conflicts that led to the preponderance of forces over others due to several factors, the most important factor was the difference in the political system which is followed by the Dutch on the political system adopted by the Portuguese, which follows the pattern of the old traditional colonialism through the use of force to impose hegemony, in contrast to the Dutch.

This research, titled \"Compensation for Arbitrary Divorce – A Comparative Study\", addresses one of the essential topics in the field of personal status law by examining the guarantees afforded to women who are divorced arbitrarily, in light of comparative legal systems. The study aims to analyze the legal implications of arbitrary divorce, particularly regarding the right of the affected wife to receive compensation. It reviews the position of Islamic jurisprudence, Iraqi law, and other comparative legal systems such as Egyptian and French law. The first chapter defines the concept of compensation for arbitrary divorce, its conditions, and its legal and jurisprudential foundations. The second chapter focuses on a comparison between different legislative texts, highlighting similarities and differences in how these legal systems address compensation, determine its amount, and the extent to which judicial discretion or fixed legal provisions apply. The study concludes that compensation for arbitrary divorce represents an important legal safeguard to protect women from unilateral abuse of the right to divorce. It also finds that comparative laws vary in their level of detail regarding the determination of compensation. Furthermore, the study suggests that Iraqi law needs clearer provisions in light of contemporary jurisprudential trends to better protect the weaker party.

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

The history of Arab-Islamic studies in Poland dates back to the early 19th century when the first major centre for the oriental studies was established in Vilnius university. The university was closed in 1832 due to the repressive measures taken by the Russian Caesar against the Poles and Lithuanians at that time. Between World Wars І and ІІ, three prominent centres were set up for the Middle Eastern studies in Lviv (currently located in Ukraine), Krakov, and Warsaw.These academic traditions paved the way for the modern Arab-Islamic studies in Poland. In 1919, Professor Tadyosh Kovaliski established the first institute for the Islamic studies – Faculty of the Oriental Languages Philology in Yagyloniski University. The Institute of Oriental Studies - Warsaw University in which Department of Arabic and Islamic studies was established later, to be the largest research centre for the Arabic and Islamic studies in Poland, was set up in 1932, i.e. between the world war І and ІІ. In it, Arabic studies developed upon the arrival of professor Yousif Bilaviski in Warsaw – a graduate of Yagyloniski, who was a student of the Founding Father of the Polish Arabic studies.

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

A reversal administrative decision is a means by which the administration creates individual administrative decisions. This decision is a new administrative decision that replaces the previous decision, aiming to revoke and amend the previous valid administrative decision. Its effects extend to the future without reference to the past. This decision must be surrounded by numerous safeguards, including formalities in its issuance, respect for the right to defense, and the requirement to apply the principle of causation. These safeguards have a direct impact on individual rights and the stability of transactions and legal positions of those addressed by it, whether in Iraq or other comparable countries. No matter how valid and effective an administrative decision remains, it must eventually reach its end. Therefore, the administration resorts to issuing its reversal administrative decision, which embodies a necessary, fundamental, and essential guarantee in protecting the legal positions of individuals against administrative abuse.

The term: the port of Al-Kabir is the cornerstone of the development process and related projects, including the economic and industrial areas that enjoy great economic importance. This project is expected to contribute to the promotion of economic and social development in Iraq through the construction of integrated infrastructure including roads, bridges, railways and airports, as well as the development of existing ports and the establishment of the Alfao port, which represents the starting point of the development project. This project is directly connected to international trade routes, which enhances Iraq's position as a vital economic hub in the region thanks to its strategic location that connects three continents. The project is also considered a strategic solution to many of the challenges facing the beneficiary countries, as it seeks to achieve sustainable and comprehensive development, which will turn Iraq into the largest global logistics center in the region and make it a pivotal point for mobility in the Middle East.

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

Exploring the meaning of texts requires delving beyond the discourses that engage the recipient. This is achieved by sharpening their mind, stimulating their imagination, and stirring their emotions. This enables them to become an active participant in the discourse, transforming them into an interpreter influenced and reactive by the discourse's intentions. For example, exploring microstructures and macrostructures, which are mechanisms of semantic openness and closure in their contents and contexts, can be explored. Therefore, exploring the cognitive and interpretive thought of the poet Faraj al-Hattab clearly emerges through the apparent meaning on the surface of the texts, which are intertwined and linked by another underlying relationship that supports what is revealed.

The tourism sector has received great attention from countries around the world in order to achieve extensive financial resources because of the high-speed movement that characterizes this sector at the national and global levels. Countries are seeking to reach high levels in the tourism sector through development and attention to resources and components that increase capacity. Competitiveness in the tourism sector. In this study, the researcher tried to analyze the impact of the exchange rate on the tourism competitiveness of the State of Iran and the extent of the impact of the exchange rate on its global rank in tourism competitiveness included in the reports issued by the World Economic Forum on the global competitiveness of tourism and travel. The analysis of the impact of the exchange rate on Iran's position of tourism competitiveness showed that a rise in the foreign exchange rate leads to an increase in tourism competitiveness, meaning that the relationship between them is a direct relationship, and that the tourism competitiveness index has sub-indices represented by the infrastructure index and the enabling environment index. Natural resources index, technology index, etc

Diminishing Musharaia is one of the new contracts that preceded legislation to express growing cooperation, reep pace with reality, and achieve interests that traditional contracts may be unable to achieve. The main problem of the research topic in diminishing Musharaka is the lack of a specific legal regulation governing it in Iraqi law (Islamic Banking Law) No. 43 of 2015. This means that a legislative deficiency has afflicted the Iraqi legal systern regarding the mechanisms of work in Musharaka in general and related matters. However, this matter is not sufficient, as the topic requires in-depth study from many aspects, as it raises other sub-problems, including the effectiveness of the legal texts existing within the framework of the legislative system, their operation, and their effective role in covering the provisions of Musharaka, and their lack of a legal classification for diminishing Musharaka. Therefore, addressing such an important topic requires legal regulation In conclusion. ,
we can state the most important conclusions and proposals reached by the researcher, the most important of which are the lack of a specific legal regulation for diminishing Musharaka in traci legislation, and the lack of a cassification for diminishing Musharaka, as it is not a company but rather a contract. This contract, although it is close to unnamed contracts, fals under the category of ramed contracts.

The research dealt with foreign direct investment and its impact on unemployment and poverty rates in Iraq, as it is one of the main means in today's world to provide an effective production base that contributes to providing job opportunities through which unemployment can be confronted, which will ultimately lead to reducing the level of poverty. However, the results of the statistical analysis showed opposite results indicating Iraq's inability to employ this variable to address its deteriorating economic and financial conditions. The most prominent conclusions showed a positive impact with a direct relationship on both poverty and unemployment and their high rates in Iraq, which is a dangerous indicator with negative results on the financial, economic and humanitarian conditions in the country. The most prominent recommendations focused on working to employ real foreign direct investment to expand the production base and provide actual job opportunities instead of allowing the foreign investor to invest in securities by purchasing shares of some existing establishments and acquiring them without any addition to the gross domestic product and job opportunities, while reducing the volume of production in them.

A brief research that sheds light on an essential aspect that had a presence in the juvenile poetry, Ali bin Abdullah Bin Waseef bin Yusuf (d. 366 AH). It is the tacit pattern that works to be implied via the depths of the text and may be in its silent structure. We devoted from the poet's tacit style, the (political style), who hid behind the discourse of the praising and elegiac to the imams of the prophet's progeny peace be upon them, due to its importance as it shows the cultural pattern that prevailed during the reign of the ruling authority. The research included an introduction, and a preface that included (the concept of the implicit pattern in linguistic and idiomatic. Then the first axis included (the implicit political style opposing to the ruling authority). The second axis entitled (the implicit political style corresponding to the ruling authority), and then a conclusion that included the most prominent results of the research.

This study aims to analyze the investment orientation in building the optimal stock portfolio before and after Covid-19 by building the optimal stock portfolio in the Iraqi Stock Exchange on a periodic basis and showing which stocks entered and which stocks exited from trading in relation to the stocks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange. The stock portfolios are built using the Sharp single index model
In order to analyze the investors’ orientation in building their investment portfolios, a detailed analysis was conducted of the study sample represented by 34 companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period from January 2018 to December 2021, which were selected according to the specified conditions. And some statistical and financial methods were used, in addition to relying on the EXCEL program and the SPSS program to extract the effect and the correlation between the study variables. Accordingly, the study concluded a number of conclusions, the most important of which are: There is a clear impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the investment orientation of companies traded and listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange.

This study aims to analyze the investment orientation in building the optimal stock portfolio before and after Covid-19 by building the optimal stock portfolio in the Iraqi Stock Exchange on a periodic basis and showing which stocks entered and which stocks exited from trading in relation to the stocks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange. The stock portfolios are built using the Sharp single index model
In order to analyze the investors’ orientation in building their investment portfolios, a detailed analysis was conducted of the study sample represented by 34 companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period from January 2018 to December 2021, which were selected according to the specified conditions. And some statistical and financial methods were used, in addition to relying on the EXCEL program and the SPSS program to extract the effect and the correlation between the study variables. Accordingly, the study concluded a number of conclusions, the most important of which are: There is a clear impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the investment orientation of companies traded and listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange.

This research aims to analyze the impact of social media marketing on consumer behavior, through a field study of a sample of Zain Telecommunications Company consumers in Baghdad. The research focused on three main dimensions of the independent variable: marketing content, audience interaction, and sponsored advertisements. The dependent variable (consumer behavior) was measured through indicators related to follow-up, interaction, purchase decision, and satisfaction. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and a questionnaire was used as the primary tool to collect data from a sample of (265) consumers selected by a simple random method. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that all dimensions of social marketing have a significant and direct impact on consumer behavior, with audience interaction being the most influential dimension, followed by marketing content and then sponsored advertisements. The statistical model used also demonstrated a high degree of reliability and validity, explaining a significant proportion of the variance in consumer behavior. Based on these findings, the study recommends adopting a comprehensive digital marketing strategy that focuses on effective interaction and targeted content, and developing sponsored ads to enhance their impact on consumer decisions. The research contributes to providing an applied framework that benefits companies operating in the telecommunications sector in the Iraqi market.

Many wetlands are located on large or small areas of land that may lie within one state or be shared by two or more states. Some wetlands are formed in basins, while others develop in river deltas. The safety and sustainability of wetlands depend primarily on the water they receive, whether from rivers, springs, or wells. To protect these lands from harmful human activities—such as industrial and agricultural waste, unregulated exploitation of resources, or population expansion at the expense of submerged areas—international measures have become necessary.
In 1970, the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat was signed in the Iranian city of Ramsar. Although the Convention initially focused on wetlands as permanent or temporary habitats for waterfowl, its scope was later expanded through two additional protocols—the first in 1982 and the second in 1987. These protocols broadened the Convention’s objectives to include the preservation of wetland environments, the protection of their living organisms and ecosystems, and the monitoring of changes affecting them. Since then, the Convention and its activities have become known collectively as the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
Iraq acceded to the Ramsar Convention on 5 March 2007. The Law of Accession was published in Law No. (7) in the Official Gazette No. 4035 on that date. Under the Convention, each State Party must designate at least one wetland site to be included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance. Upon accession, Iraq registered Hawr al-Hawizah as its first Ramsar site, and in 2015 it added Hawr al-Hammar as another protected site. Iraq’s accession to the Convention represents a significant step toward protecting its marshes, not only as a national responsibility but also as a commitment to international environmental protection. The Convention also obliges State Parties to develop programs, mechanisms, and legislation to safeguard these lands from the negative impacts of human activities.

This research aims to examine the role of agile auditing in enhancing the quality of financial reports within the Iraqi Stock Exchange, using the descriptive–analytical approach and conducting statistical analysis through the SPSS program. The researcher relied on a questionnaire distributed to employees in the internal auditing and financial departments across the market's institutions, with the applied sample limited to the banking sector. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, of which 90 were retrieved and deemed valid for analysis, while 60 questionnaires were invalid or unusable.
The findings indicate a statistically significant correlation at the 0.05 significance level between agile auditing and the quality of financial reports, in addition to a significant positive impact of agile auditing practices on improving the accuracy, transparency, and reliability of financial reporting. The importance of these results lies in supporting the effectiveness, stability, and growth of the Iraqi financial market. The study also recommends developing specialized evaluation methodologies to periodically assess the efficiency of agile internal auditing and establishing performance criteria that reflect the added value of adopting this modern approach in accounting and auditing environments.

Despite the development of companies through technological advances, research is still ongoing on the role of social marketing in achieving guest satisfaction by these companies, and the issue of the study is to find out: The impact of social marketing on achieving guest satisfaction. The importance of the current study is the role of social marketing is the link between the management of the company and the customer, so marketing plays an essential and effective role in introducing the product and attracting the customer to it, which leads to the success of the marketing process. The hypothesis of the study came: There is a statistically significant effect of tourism marketing on guest satisfaction. The sample size of the study was 222.

Marketing creativity is an important factor for success due to its importance in the ability to innovate and provide innovative products, so the study seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the concept of marketing creativity and innovation in Iraqi travel and tourism companies?
2. Have the companies achieved tangible success in the field of innovation and marketing creativity?
The importance of the current study is to show the reality of marketing creativity in Iraqi travel and tourism companies, and the questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of Iraqi travel and tourism companies, with a number of 100 questionnaires.

The follower of the issues of civilization and sophistication of peoples, finds that the interest in the elegant appearance in clothing followed by interest in flowers, roses, jewelry and perfumes, and finds that the perfume industry is developing in parallel with the manufacture of clothes and jewelry, as each of these three things is an important indicator of advanced civilization, and a bright evidence of the high level of sense, taste and luxury reached by those interested in it.
The perfume industry in Fatimid Egypt has reached a level not reached by perfume factories in France, Europe and America, and we have exceeded the threshold of the second millennium AD. We have not heard until today that someone in the world, and the world today, thanks to the tremendous development in the field of communications and satellite broadcasting, has become a small cosmic village, we have not heard that someone made a statue of amber on the size of his body to hang the suit to be worn on it, as the best minister bin Badr Al-Jamali worked.

This research addresses the pivotal role of media policy in managing and addressing security crises in Middle East , demonstrating how media policy has become a key partner in crisis management rather than a mere transmitter of news. It sheds light on the technological transformations within globalization and the erosion of information sovereignty that have impacted the nature of the media and its tools. It also reviews the role of the media in shaping public opinion, conveying facts, preventing crises, and monitoring government performance. The research also discusses methods used, such as media deception and propaganda of various kinds, in addition to strategies for dealing with and managing crises. It concludes that a media strategy, when practiced professionally and balanced, can be an effective force in mitigating and containing security crises.

Organizational culture plays a fundamental role in shaping the work environment within organizations, as it represents an integrated system of shared values, beliefs, orientations, and behaviors that evolve over time and directly influence employees’ behavior and their interaction with management. This study aims to examine the impact of organizational culture represented by its dimensions: involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission on improving the work environment, measured through its physical, psychological, social, administrative, technological, cultural, and external environmental dimensions, within the Directorate of Karbala Municipality.
The study employed the descriptive-analytical approach and distributed (251) questionnaires to a sample of employees, of which (218) valid responses were retrieved and analyzed using SPSS v.24. The findings revealed a statistically significant correlation and effect between organizational culture and the improvement of the work environment. This indicates that strengthening organizational culture explains a substantial proportion of the changes occurring in work environment enhancement, in addition to contributing to improved performance and higher job satisfaction.
Furthermore, the results confirm that organizational culture constitutes a key element in building a healthy and evolving work environment that develops over time within the organization. The study recommends encouraging employees to take part in decision-making and express their opinions, as such participation directly contributes to improvements across all dimensions of the work environment and ensures the continuity of development and enhancement within the organization.

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

Language is used for communication which serves human needs. It is most normally used in the affirmative mode to express and serve these needs. Yet, the negative mode is also used to indicate denial, contradiction or the non-existence of certain aspects, states or qualities. Sentence negation that affects the meaning of an entire clause is known as syntactic negation. In contrast, negation that affects the meaning of just a single word or phrase by the use of affixes is called morphological negation.
This paper examines students' use of affixes in negation and their performance in the production and recognition of morphological and syntactic negation. Based on students' responses, the study aims at identifying differences and similarities which are measured through comparing students’ recognition and production of the morphosyntactic negation.
A test has been conducted for 40 third-year EFL learners who are required to answer 40 items using Google forms for the purpose of the test.
In view of the results of the study, it has been concluded that students' negation recognition ability is higher than their production one. As for students' recognition and production abilities in the syntactic negation and morphological negation, there has been a considerable difference between the two in favor of the syntactic one.
As far as the choice of negation affixes is concerned, students are unaware of the assimilation rules, because these rules are not sufficiently highlighted to guide students in producing negative forms by using prefixes.

The correlation between linguistics and the English teaching process is vital for effective communication and comprehension. Linguistics provides insights into language structure, phonetics, syntax, and semantics, which inform teaching strategies. By understanding how language functions, educators can develop tailored curricula that enhance learners' linguistic abilities. This integration fosters not only linguistic proficiency but also critical thinking, enabling students to navigate the complexities of English in diverse contexts and improve their overall language acquisition.
Linguistics significantly enhances English teaching by providing insights into language structure and usage, enabling educators to design effective strategies that improve comprehension, communication skills, and overall language proficiency among students.

This study investigates the impact of short story reading on the writing skills of Iraqi EFL learners, emphasizing gender differences. Writing in a second language is a complex skill requiring mastery of grammar, vocabulary, coherence, and fluency. Many Iraqi learners struggle with writing due to limited exposure to authentic English texts. To address this issue, the study applies a quasi-experimental design with 60 male and female 5th-grade students from high schools in Karbala. Participants were divided into control and experimental groups, with the latter engaging in weekly short story reading and writing exercises over eight weeks. Writing proficiency was assessed using the Cambridge Writing Assessment (B1 level).The findings reveal that short stories significantly enhance writing skills by improving vocabulary, coherence, and creativity, with male learners demonstrating slightly higher writing proficiency gains. The study concludes that incorporating literary texts into EFL instruction fosters learner engagement and writing development. It recommends further research on long-term effects and the role of individual learning styles.

This study sheds light on the concept of in-betweenness as a site of cultural hybridity and identity crisis in Albert Camus’s The Stranger (1942) and Ali Bader’s The Tobacco Keeper (2008). The paper conducts a comparative analysis based on existentialist, postcolonial, and trauma theory, investigating how both authors depict alienation as a fundamental aspect of contemporary consciousness. Camus's Meursault embodies existential indifference in the colonial environment of French Algeria, illustrating the moral folly of empire and the conflict between authenticity and complicity.
In contrast, Bader's Raheel lives in a postcolonial world of fragmentation, where identity is shaped by political unrest and historical tragedy. This research illustrates Homi K. Bhabha’s concept of the “unhomely,” Frantz Fanon’s psychology of colonial alienation, and Cathy Caruth’s trauma theory, showing that both characters exist in hybrid places where belonging is unavailable, yet meaning is constantly contested. Ultimately, the study concludes that in both colonial and postcolonial contexts, in-betweenness is not only a condition of estrangement but a crucial metaphor for the modern human struggle to establish identity amid historical dislocation

Learning pronunciation in the process of acquiring English as a foreign language refers to build up new pronunciation habits and leave the effect of the mother-tongue language. It is considered as a good key for comprehending effective oral communication productively and receptively. Studying pronunciation offers learners great confidence in conducting this kind of communication. Practically, it is not easy for English language learners to get good control on pronunciation. However, it is not impossible for them to present impressive performance. In fact, teaching pronunciation at EFL Iraqi secondary schools faces many challenges. Secondary school teachers have a number of difficulties and obstacles in teaching pronunciation. The present study evaluates teaching pronunciation in EFL Iraqi secondary schools through presenting a questionnaire, which contains 14 indicators, for 150 teachers of English (males and females) at Iraqi public secondary schools in the city of Karbala. According to secondary school teachers' point of view, the results have shown that teaching pronunciation is important in teaching English and communication. However, there are a number of difficulties and obstacles in teaching pronunciation. The poor classroom environment in teaching pronunciation and inefficient pronunciation material in the textbooks are examples of these obstacles. Based on the result of this study, a number of conclusions and pedagogical recommendations.