The White Dome Journal

Abstract:
Given that lighting is a crucial element in the composition of television commercials due to its profound and effective impact on the perception process—leading to variations in expressive functions that make advertisements appear highly aesthetic and eye-catching to the recipient—the current research focuses on identifying the aesthetics, technical techniques, and styles that lighting plays in television advertising. These elements carry significant intellectual, aesthetic, and functional implications depending on the advertisement›s purpose, as they evoke diverse suggestions.The research problem is centered on the following question: To what extent does lighting contribute to imparting aesthetic and expressive connotations that deepen the meaning emerging from the visual image in television commercials?
The research objective is to identify the aesthetic formation of lighting in television commercials. To achieve this, the second chapter included two main sections:Technical methods for forming lighting in television commercials.The aesthetics of lighting in television commercials.
A set of indicators was extracted based on the theoretical framework. As for the third chapter, it covered the research methodology, where the researcher followed the descriptive-analytical approach. A specialized analysis form was developed and validated by experts to analyze the samples.The fourth chapter yielded several results, including:
The diversity in lighting intensity allowed the image to suggest multiple expressive and aesthetic levels within the television commercial.
The variation of lighting between light and shadow (Chiaroscuro) within the commercial shots added both aesthetic and functional touches. The research also concluded with a set of conclusions and recommendations.

This study aims to investigate the impact of utilizing the interactive digital storytelling technique on developing artistic imagination among students of the Art Education Department at the College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriyah University. To achieve this goal, the researcher employed a quasi-experimental design involving two groups: an experimental group taught using interactive digital storytelling, and a control group taught by traditional methods. The total sample consisted of 60 students distributed almost equally between the two groups.A specialized achievement test was constructed to measure artistic imagination, comprising 35 items across four question formats. The test was validated and its reliability was confirmed through statistical analysis. Post-experiment, a post-test was administered and results were analyzed using an independent samples T-test.Findings revealed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of the interactive digital storytelling technique in enhancing artistic imagination. The study concluded with several recommendations advocating for the integration of digital technologies in art education to foster students’ creative and imaginative abilities.

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Current research has sought to identify Altruism behavior and Psychological security and The relationship between them in preparatory school students. In order to verify this, she prepared a measure of Altruism behavior, consisting of (21) paragraphs and the psychological security scale of (31) paragraphs and after confirmation One of the characteristics is a metric for two research tools based on our sample of (200) students from preparatory school , and the psychometric characteristics of the scole were calculated and after analyzing the data statistically, it was found that undergraduate students have Altruism behavior and psychological security.

The current research aims to build a proposed educational strategy based on the theory of the relational framework and to know its effectiveness in reading comprehension and simultaneous thinking among second-grade middle school students. To achieve this, the researcher followed the descriptive and experimental approaches. The research community was represented by second-grade middle school students in the Baghdad Governorate Education Directorate / Al-Rusafa 2, while the research sample was represented by (71) students in (Sibawayh Middle School for Boys) The researcher rewarded the two research groups by using the variables (chronological age, intelligence, linguistic ability, reading comprehension, simultaneous thinking), and the researcher built a reading comprehension test that consisted of (45) objective multiple-choice paragraphs, and a simultaneous thinking scale that consisted of (30) paragraphs The experiment was implemented in the second semester of the academic year (2022/2023), and by using the statistical package (spss), the researcher concluded that the proposed strategy was effective in understanding the text and simultaneous thinking among students in the experimental group. The researcher recommended that the Ministry of Education adopt the proposed strategy, and suggested building similar studies in other branches such as criticism and rhetoric

The aim of the research is to answer the questions that are on the minds of humanity about the phenomenon of waiting, given its importance as a human phenomenon linked to human beliefs since ancient times and with deep historical roots, Previous religions paved the way for people to accept this idea, an awareness that is represented in the readiness to receive a new religion, which is the Islamic religion, with all its views and concepts of life, and its systems for determining the necessary requirements for the form of life, economic, political, social, intellectual and other things that the Qur’anic texts called for as the constitution of the Islamic religion .

This research addresses the problem of converting language into “data” within artificial intelligence systems and the implications of this on the rhetorical structure of discourse. It examines how Large Language Models (LLMs) and training processes on linguistic datasets transform the understanding of language from integrated discourse into statistical representations What are the rhetorical, epistemological, and political consequences of this? The research presents a critical rhetorical framework drawing on studies of representation, cultural criticism, and algorithmic criticism, and derives methodological and ethical recommendations for dealing with automated text production in academic, media, and educational contexts.

We conclude that ancient Arabic dialects primarily reflect the process of tribal isolation and the independent development of language within each tribe. These dialects are not merely random variations; they are the result of cultural and social differences that emerged over long periods of time. This linguistic transformation requires a timeframe extending to two or even three centuries before these linguistic connections solidify and become prominent features that reflect the linguistic and cultural identity of each tribe. This process highlights the importance of studying dialects as a central factor in understanding social and linguistic interactions in the Arab world, thereby contributing to our broader understanding of the richness and diversity of Arabic language and culture.

This research had contained many papers and studies that Dr. Abd-Alkareem Khalifa had published individually in newspapers and magazines at the time to later collect them in one book of study, with an importance for the modern study of Linguistics, and what distinguishes this collection is that the author was the head of the Jordan Academy of science, and one of it’s founders, so all that he’s written is a resultant of what he had lived in that era, where Arabian Academia had been in their prime, and in said collection, he talked of said Academia, and their role in establishing the Jordan Academia, and the time and effort, and hardships, that made it what it is today. And, the author discussed the topic of Arabization, and how to keep Arabic from withering, and his wide contributions to this field.

Pragmatics represents one of the most recent developments in contemporary linguistic studies, focusing on the study of language within the context of actual usage and the interaction between speaker and receiver. Recent decades have witnessed increasing interest in applying pragmatic approaches to religious texts, particularly the Quranic text, due to its linguistic richness and diversity in discourse styles. This study examines the application of pragmatic mechanisms to the stories of the Prophets of Strong Will (Ulul Azm) in the Holy Quran, namely: Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all). The study employed a mixed methodology combining descriptive, analytical, and comparative approaches. Modern pragmatic analysis tools were utilized, including speech act theory, conversational implicature theory, and relevance theory, in addition to analyzing deixis and presuppositions. A specialized analytical model was developed that takes into account the nature of the Quranic text and its religious and linguistic specificity. The research led to the development of a new theoretical framework that explains the gradual evolution in the complexity of pragmatic mechanisms from the story of Noah to the story of Muhammad (peace be upon them), reflecting the development of human civilization and the increasing complexity of social interaction. The study revealed distinct pragmatic patterns in the discourse of each Prophet of Strong Will, where discourse strategies varied according to the nature of the message and the historical and social context of each. The research uncovered the pivotal role of pragmatic mechanisms in achieving persuasion and influence, particularly through the employment of pragmatic arguments and directive and expressive speech acts. The findings demonstrated a unique harmony between Quranic miraculous nature (I'jaz) and pragmatic mechanisms, where texts achieve their communicative objectives without losing their miraculous linguistic and rhetorical characteristics.

This analytical study investigates the complex psycho-educational dynamics faced by first-year students in the English Department at the Faculty of Education, Al-Farahidi University, during their critical transition from school education to the university environment. The research employs an integrated theoretical framework combining behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist approaches to diagnose the phenomenon of «transition shock» and its direct impact on the formation of the student›s professional identity as a prospective teacher.A psycho-academic analysis of the curriculum revealed that performance skills subjects (such as phonics and conversation) act as strong triggers for Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA), leading to working memory depletion and decreased communication readiness (WTC) due to fear of negative social evaluation. The study also revealed the dominance of instrumental, job-market-related motivation over integrative motivation, making students› perseverance vulnerable to academic pressures. The research concluded that the quality of the instructor-student relationship is the most important variable for ensuring psychological well-being and academic success, recommending the gradual replacement of traditional teaching methods with active learning strategies and the implementation of peer mentoring programs to bridge the psychological and cognitive gap among new students.

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The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Accelerated Learning Strategy in improving students’ achievement in the Educational Research Methods course among students of Colleges of Basic Education. To achieve this aim, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis:
“There is no statistically significant difference at the (0.05) level between the mean scores of the experimental group students taught using the accelerated learning strategy and the mean scores of the control group students taught using the traditional method on the post-achievement test.”
The researcher employed the experimental method, utilizing a quasi-experimental design consisting of two groups (experimental and control) with a post-test for achievement. The study population consisted of third-year students in the First Grade Teacher Departments within Colleges of Basic Education at Iraqi universities for the academic year (2024–2025). The sample included (73) students, with (36) in the experimental group and (37) in the control group.
Equivalence between the two groups was established on several variables, including chronological age (in months) and scores on an intelligence (mental ability) test. The researcher developed an achievement test consisting of (40) items aligned with the course content. After ensuring its validity and reliability, the test was administered to the study sample.
Using appropriate statistical procedures, the findings revealed that students in the experimental group who were taught using the accelerated learning strategy outperformed those in the control group who were taught using the traditional method in the Educational Research Methods course. These results clearly indicate the effectiveness of the accelerated learning strategy in enhancing students’ achievement in this course.

This study examines the impact of sound on semantic formation in the poetry of Abū al-Faraj al-Babbāgh through applied models that investigate phonetic phenomena and their role in shaping meaning in his poems. The research is divided into two sections: a theoretical section that clarifies the key concepts of the study, and an applied section that highlights the most important phonetic phenomena and their manifestations in poems composed on the nūn rhyme. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and demonstrates the significance of phonetic phenomena in al-Babbāgh’s poetry, as well as his ability to manipulate sound to serve meaning. This is evident in the diversity of phonetic features with rhythmic and semantic effects across a group of poems addressing various themes such as elegy and description.

This research aims to study the morphological structure in the poetry of Kazem Al-Hajjaj from a structuralist perspective, to reveal the role of morphology in shaping poetic meaning and artistic rhythm. The study relies on the structuralist and descriptive-analytical approach, with partial comparisons between the content of Al-Hajjaj’s poetry and the principles established by ancient morphology scholars. The research examines the morphological structures of verbs and nouns, identifies the morphological deviations employed by the poet to generate new connotations, and highlights the relationship between morphology and the intellectual framework of the poetic text. The study concludes that morphology is not merely a technical linguistic level but an active constructive element that contributes to enriching the modern poetic experience.

This study discusses an Andalusian family of Roman origin who lived in the Levant before migrating to Andalusia. Known for their loyalty to the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia, this family, the Basil al-Rumiyya, was one of the most important families to hold various administrative and military positions during the Umayyad Emirate and Caliphate in Andalusia (138-366 AH / 755-976 CE), such as ministerial posts. The chamberlainship, the treasury, the supervision of the horses and the high police, as well as the administration of the state’s provinces in its various parts; this family benefited from its close association with the Umayyad princes, by emerging on the administrative, political and military stage, as the Umayyad state trusted its members most of all because they stood by its side in the darkest circumstances that the state went through. Especially after the outbreak of revolutions against the Umayyads, led by both Arabs and Berbers, as well as confronting the attacks of the Spaniards in the north against Islamic lands, there emerged from the Banu Basil competent administrators and experienced military leaders in fighting, such as Muhammad ibn Basil, Yusuf ibn Basil, and the minister Abdul Hamid ibn Ahmad ibn Basil, who is considered one of the most important leaders during the reign of Abd al-Rahman al-Nasir, as will become clear in the course of the research.

Scientific knowledge of cosmic systems and their laws is one of the most important sources that stimulates the visual experiences of the visual artist. It is a constant source of contemporary artistic and expressive values. The theory of relativity is one of the most important scientific theories of the modern era, encompassing relationships, laws, systems, and possibilities related to motion and time, including phenomena that enrich both the scientific and artistic aspects.
Although the theory of relativity is a scientific theory, it has had a significant impact on art. It has led to a change in the way artists view the world and to the exploration of new dimensions in art.
The theory of relativity consists of two main theories:
Special Relativity: This theory deals with the motion of objects at a constant speed and states that the laws of physics are the same for all observers moving at a constant speed relative to each other.
General relativity: This theory deals with the motion of accelerating objects and states that gravity is not a force, but rather a curvature of spacetime caused by the presence of mass.

The glass and ceramics industry in Ramadi is a vital and strategic sector, given the resources available in Anbar Governorate for glass and ceramic production, particularly silica (the raw material for glass) and kaolin clay (used in ceramics). This research analyzes the importance of this industry and the impact of transportation factors on its development or decline. The research consists of an introduction and three sections. The first section focuses on the development of the glass industry in Anbar Governorate. The second section examines the role of transportation in the growth and development of this important industry, especially considering the governorate’s large area and its shared borders with several other governorates, as well as its international borders with multiple countries. The research concludes with findings and recommendations.

The history reading literary texts has passed through several stages and phases. The first was «Traditional Reading» at the hands of early critics, whose focus was centered on the author of the text and the meaning they intended. This theory persisted for a long time, reaching the twentieth century, until the emergence of critical schools that proposed authority and centrality, particularly through Structuralists. Then came the third phase, «Cultural Reading,» where reading became dependent on the recipient›s expectations thanks to the efforts of the Modernists. Thus, its scope expanded; it did not stop at the structure of the text as the Structuralists did, nor at the recipient›s interpretation as the modernists desired. Instead, these elements were gathered under the designation of Cultural Elements. Arabic poetry is considered a fertile field for observing these implicit cultural patterns that appear hidden by aesthetic, artistic, and rhetorical features. Cultural Criticism is a form of criticism that transcends Structuralism and Post-Modernist approaches. As previously indicated, it does not operate in isolation within the critical process. Rather, it benefits from various analytical methodologies. It does not treat merely instead, it treats them set, political, social-cultural. Therefore, it aims not only for the aesthetic and literary reading of the text, but also to trace it back to the cultural patterns intertwined in its production. This is because the text is a cultural phenomenon encompassing a set of contexts included in its deep structure, and literary and aesthetic reading alone cannot reveal the significance of these contexts. Here, the importance of the Cultural Pattern and text production becomes evident, as Cultural Criticism deals with the text as a «pattern-carrier,» and this pattern is what must be revealed through the medium of the text. This critical review approaches an aspect of the concept of the «Pattern,» which holds vital importance regarding the intersection of this term with a number of other concepts, such as the Death of the Author, Structure, and Context.

This study explores the major critical viewpoints presented by
Dr. Mahdi al-Makhzumi in his influential work Fi al-Nahw al-‘Arabi: Naqd wa Tawjih (“Arabic Grammar: Critique and Direction”). The research examines his methodological reliance on Qur’anic citations and Arabic poetic evidence, as well as his systematic use of logical and rational arguments to support specific grammatical positions and refute others. It further highlights the linguistic proof strategies he employs, including the use of the prepositional lām with the emphatic particle inna, his recurrent application of argumentative expressions of doubt—particularly the verb zaʿama—and his discussion of al-tamḥḥul (strained or forced interpretation) as part of his critique of traditional grammatical reasoning.
The study concludes that Dr. al-Makhzumi’s critical methodology in linguistic and grammatical analysis aligns with a pedagogically facilitative approach that contributes to simplifying and easing the process of learning Arabic, especially at the introductory stages. Meanwhile, he reserves extensive theoretical detail for advanced levels of study and for specialists in the field. Overall, his approach presents a balanced framework that bridges traditional grammatical scholarship with modern principles of linguistic analysis and language pedagogy.

One of the most prominent factors leading to the decline in the effectiveness of Iraq’s foreign policy is the growing regional hegemony over its foreign policy decisions. This has reached the point where Iraqi decision-makers are unable to take foreign policy steps concerning the country without obtaining permission and approval from influential countries within Iraq. While the situation requires serious diplomatic action from Iraqi policy, there are numerous regional issues arising from past and current conflicts that positively or negatively impact Iraq. This necessitates the adoption of independent and sound political decisions, free from the hegemony of regional powers.

Abstract::
The poetry of the Ṣuʿlūk (outlaws) in the pre-Islamic era represents a genuine revolution of that time on two levels. The first is the social level, as it reflects their harsh reality and noble goals. It also portrays their tension with tribal society and reveals their firm stance against marginalization and exclusion.
The second level is the artistic revolution. The Ṣuʿlūk did not only rebel against societal norms and reject exclusion, but they also led a poetic revolution. They broke away from the traditional structure of the pre-Islamic qasida (ode) by abandoning the nostalgic prelude (nasib), and instead leaned towards focusing on a single subject. Their poetry concentrated on depicting their lives and expressing their thoughts without concern for traditional themes such as praise for gain, satire for rivalry, love poetry, or others. Their main focus was to describe their reality, which is why realism dominates their poems.All of this was conveyed through a narrative style, as they were keen to recount their adventures and raids in a vivid, engaging way.This transformation gave their poetry a unique identity that represented this marginalized group within pre-Islamic society—it could only be truly understood or felt by a Ṣuʿlūk, as it directly reflects their experiences and emotions.

Abstract::
The poetry of the Ṣuʿlūk (outlaws) in the pre-Islamic era represents a genuine revolution of that time on two levels. The first is the social level, as it reflects their harsh reality and noble goals. It also portrays their tension with tribal society and reveals their firm stance against marginalization and exclusion.
The second level is the artistic revolution. The Ṣuʿlūk did not only rebel against societal norms and reject exclusion, but they also led a poetic revolution. They broke away from the traditional structure of the pre-Islamic qasida (ode) by abandoning the nostalgic prelude (nasib), and instead leaned towards focusing on a single subject. Their poetry concentrated on depicting their lives and expressing their thoughts without concern for traditional themes such as praise for gain, satire for rivalry, love poetry, or others. Their main focus was to describe their reality, which is why realism dominates their poems.All of this was conveyed through a narrative style, as they were keen to recount their adventures and raids in a vivid, engaging way.This transformation gave their poetry a unique identity that represented this marginalized group within pre-Islamic society—it could only be truly understood or felt by a Ṣuʿlūk, as it directly reflects their experiences and emotions.

Abstract::
The poetry of the Ṣuʿlūk (outlaws) in the pre-Islamic era represents a genuine revolution of that time on two levels. The first is the social level, as it reflects their harsh reality and noble goals. It also portrays their tension with tribal society and reveals their firm stance against marginalization and exclusion.
The second level is the artistic revolution. The Ṣuʿlūk did not only rebel against societal norms and reject exclusion, but they also led a poetic revolution. They broke away from the traditional structure of the pre-Islamic qasida (ode) by abandoning the nostalgic prelude (nasib), and instead leaned towards focusing on a single subject. Their poetry concentrated on depicting their lives and expressing their thoughts without concern for traditional themes such as praise for gain, satire for rivalry, love poetry, or others. Their main focus was to describe their reality, which is why realism dominates their poems.All of this was conveyed through a narrative style, as they were keen to recount their adventures and raids in a vivid, engaging way.This transformation gave their poetry a unique identity that represented this marginalized group within pre-Islamic society—it could only be truly understood or felt by a Ṣuʿlūk, as it directly reflects their experiences and emotions.

Abstract:
Gradation is a document closely related to divine lordship; it is a law of God Almighty that occurs in creation and formation. Despite His absolute power to do whatever He wills and create whatever He desires with a single word, the Almighty Creator proceeds gradually in creation and formation without any difficulty or effort, without the need for planning or thinking, and without constraints of time. He progresses gradually in humans,. All of this serves as a reminder for preachers and reformers that no construction that does not consider gradation, or is not developed step by step, can stand; it will collapse on its owners. Gradation in creation and formation means that God Almighty did not create things all at once, but rather created and shaped them gradually through stages and mphases. It is a universal law encompassing the universe and humankind, created humans from clay, then, then a lump, followed by the stage of blowing in the soul, the development from a drop to a fully formed fetus, and the formation of animals and plants until reaching their perfection. This study is presented as a simple model to clarify the concept of gradation, explain the related terms, its legitimacy and wisdom, outline the stages and phases of biological gradation, and to demonstrate examples of developmental gradation.

Abstract:
It is no secret that Islamic Sharia is one of the most important legislative sources that has contributed greatly to the formulation and development of legal systems from the beginning of Islam until today, through its comprehensive Sharia provisions that regulate the affairs of individuals and society, including those related to the rights and care of the child, the most important of which are the provisions of custody, which relate to the care and upbringing of the child, and his protection after the separation of his parents and the preservation of his rights until he reaches maturity.

Abstract:
The study aimed to reveal the extent of the impact of climate change, human activities, and environmental pollutants on the ecosystem in Lake Hamrin. The variation in environmental pollution and the state of the lake is mainly related to the interaction of climate factors with human interventions. Through the analysis of modern hydrological and environmental data and satellite images, the results showed that the most prominent factor is the accelerating climate change and the water policies of neighboring countries and the resulting Drought caused clear environmental damage and deterioration of the ecosystem in the lake, as it was shown that temperature rates rose, the occurrence of heat waves, and decreased amounts of rainfall, which led to high evaporation rates, as these factors caused major fluctuations in the study area and caused a significant contraction in the water area of Lake Hamrin, then drought, soil erosion due to erosion factors towards the lake, and an increase in sediments in it and pollution. Water and fish death as in the driest year of 2008, and the relative improvement in 2019 quickly faded due to the aforementioned factors in the year 2022. Human activities also represent additional pressure on the ecosystem through agricultural, tourism, mining, and other encroachments, and the resulting pollutants that deplete the oxygen dissolved in the water, causing a clear environmental imbalance and a real threat to aquatic biodiversity, which is evident by the change in The color of the water and unpleasant odors, and the decrease in biodiversity in aquatic plants and fish with the growth of harmful algae, and caused disruption to the habitats of migratory aquatic and land birds, which led to the migration of other species and local extinction, and damage to fish breeding areas. These changes, climate trend, negative human activity, and the pollution that resulted affected the natural resources and economic
activities in the study area, It leads to serious environmental and water impacts Accordingly, the study recommends the necessity of urgent action by implementing integrated strategies for managing water resources in cooperation with international environmental organizations, activating environmental monitoring by satellites periodically to reduce sources of pollution and ensuring the protection of environmental resources, and adopting policies to confront the effects of climate change and adapt to these existing climate effects, as well as cooperation with the State of Iran to secure the water shares of the Diyala River by establishing long-term agreements. The term is in accordance with international law, which reflects positively on the stability of the water level in Lake Hamrin, the activation of modern technologies for prior treatment of polluted water, the good organization of human activities, and the increase of environmental awareness in local communities and tourist communities coming to the study area0

Abstract:
This study discusses an Andalusian family of Roman origin who lived in the Levant before migrating to Andalusia. Known for their loyalty to the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia, this family, the Basil al-Rumiyya, was one of the most important families to hold various administrative and military positions during the Umayyad Emirate and Caliphate in Andalusia (138-366 AH / 755-976 CE), such as ministerial posts. The chamberlainship, the treasury, the supervision of the horses and the high police, as well as the administration of the state’s provinces in its various parts; this family benefited from its close association with the Umayyad princes, by emerging on the administrative, political and military stage, as the Umayyad state trusted its members most of all because they stood by its side in the darkest circumstances that the state went through. Especially after the outbreak of revolutions against the Umayyads, led by both Arabs and Berbers, as well as confronting the attacks of the Spaniards in the north against Islamic lands, there emerged from the Banu Basil competent administrators and experienced military leaders in fighting, such as Muhammad ibn Basil, Yusuf ibn Basil, and the minister Abdul Hamid ibn Ahmad ibn Basil, who is considered one of the most important leaders during the reign of Abd al-Rahman al-Nasir, as will become clear in the course of the research.