Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences

The current research aims at answering the following questions: 1.
What is positive psychology, its objectives, applications and
techniques? 2. What topics does he study? 3. What are its most
famous theories and how to apply them? 4. What is special education, its nature and objectives? 5. What is the role of positive
psychology in the educational field and finally 6. What is the role of
positive psychology in special education?
After answering these questions, the researcher concluded that
positive psychology has an important role in special education, not
only in learning, but in raising the level of mental health, as it paints
students with special needs optimism and hope in the present and
the future, happiness and well-being in life in terms of overcoming
the educational, psychological and behavioral problems that the
students face each according to his disability and also can be used in
all age groups.

This study aims to define the language intelligence
skills of Arabic language teachers and middle school teachers. The
methodology was used by the researcher, including 100 teachers and
schools and visited them in the field.
To achieve the goal of the current study, the researcher has built
a study, the researcher has built a language intelligence test tool:
If the researcher did not find a language intelligence
test that could achieve the objectives of the current research, she felt
that she would adopt this 45 paragraph test herself, by placing a
step-by-year selection for each paragraph (it is always applicable to
me, often, sometimes applicable to me, rarely, not always).Their
veracity and stability were verified . The data were then treated
statistically by using statistical means to analyse research results
such as the use of the Telesy test and the Pearson correlation factor,
and the use of the Alpha Kronbach equation , The researcher found
that the level of ownership of linguistic intelligence is acceptable to
Arabic language teachers in the search sample.

The current research aims to identify the extent to which the
knowledge dimension of TIMSS requirements is included in the
content of the science book for the sixth grade of elementary school,
by answering the research question :
To what extent is the knowledge dimension of TIMSS
requirements included in the content of the sixth elementary
science textbook ?
Where the researcher adopted the method of content analysis,
which is one of the descriptive methods of the approach, because it
is characterized by the qualities of systematic scientific research in
terms of objectivity, impartiality, regularity, and the possibility of
generalizing the results it reaches, and to achieve the goal of the
research, the researcher built a list of TIMSS requirements, which
consisted of (3) areas and (16) criteria Main and (29) sub-indicators
.
The results of the analysis showed that the science textbook for
the sixth grade of elementary school included all the requirements of
TIMSS for the dimension of cognitive processes , but in varying
proportions, as the field of knowledge came first at a rate of
(47.92%) , which is higher than the percentage specified for this
field , and the field of reasoning and inference came in second place
with a percentage of (35.71%) , which is a very high percentage that
exceeded the specified percentage for this field, and the field of application came in third and last place with a percentage (16.36%),
which is less than the percentage specified for this field , in light of
the results, the researcher recommends : Take into account the
inclusion of sub-indicators that are not included in the book .
The researcher suggest : Conducting an analytical study of the
content of the science course in Iraq for all levels of education in
light of the standards for the study of international trends (TIMSS) .

The current study aimed to identify (the most important difficulties facing the application of e-learning in the Faculties of Education from the students' point of view), and to achieve the goal of the study, the researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach, and the study sample included (400) students from the community of the research sample in the Faculties of Education in the Governorate Baghdad for the academic year (2020-2021), the
researcher used a special questionnaire for students containing (25) items, and the validity of the tool was verified by presenting it to a group of experts and arbitrators, and the reliability calculation for it. The researcher used statistical means in her study and processing the data obtained, and she reached The researcher referred to a number
of results, the most prominent of which are:
-The results of the difficulties faced by students in colleges of education constituted a percentage (73%), which are great difficulties from the point of view of the research community.
The
most difficult difficulties were the weakness of the Internet
throughout the country, in addition to the other paragraphs that
formed close proportions, the percentages were close between the
difficulties of teaching and students in colleges Education from their
point of view, through the results the researcher reached several
conclusions, the most prominent of which are:
-The results of students' difficulties in colleges of education came to
a large extent, which constituted 73%, and the results were close.
-The e-learning system has not achieved its objectives from the
students ’point of view in education.
Lack of material aspects and pre-insurance requirements, and elearning tools.

Bullying behavior is negative compulsive behavior, and it is one of the behaviors that stimulates the thinking of everyone who is interested in research in order to understand the bullying personality. Sociological studies and research interested in educational reality have crystallized a lot of data about this behavior, which is considered aggressive behavior. Administrative bullying behavior in productive or academic institutions occurs mostly through harmful non-physical behaviors, with an individual (often the manager) targeting another individual or group that is called in this context the victims of administrative bullying. (AlZoubi and Mhaidet, 2014: 32).
Studies in many countries have shown that administrative bullying is increasing, and that the number of employees and workers in many educational and production institutions who are exposed to administrative bullying is increasing. (Lewis, 2002: 74)).
Therefore, this theoretical study came to contribute to Shedding light on the concepts of administrative bullying behavior and personality patterns, it would gain it's importance as an extension of previous research and studies that focused on studying
these two concepts. This called the researcher to study it because of its serious impact on human behavior and on the ability of the person (manager and subordinate) to accomplish the job. The current research found that there is a correlation between the behavior of administrative bullying and the manager's personality traits, while the neurotic trait is not related to the behavior of administrative bullying, Based on this, the researcher presented aA number of recommendations, including: calling to benefit from the experiences of developed countries in dealing with administrative bullying,, and drawing attention to the need to find policies and procedures to reduce the psychological damage associated with administrative bullying, and the call to build effective and fruitful human and professional administrative relations between themanager and subordinates, increase the achievement of employees or subordinates.

aimed to know the effect of the pentagram strategy in the achievement of the principles of educational research for students of institutes of fine arts. The researcher employed the design of the experimental and control groups, which are of the experimenta designs, with the post-test for the two groups, and identified, Division (A), to represent the experimental group that is being taught. According to the pentagram strategy and Division (B)represented the control group that was taught, in the traditional way,the number of students was (60) students and by (30) students in each class. The researcher prepared an achievement test, and its validity and reliability were verified. The researcher processed the data, using the T-test. For the statistical treatment of the results, which revealed the effect in favor of the taught experimental group, according to the pentagram strategy

The current research aims to identify:-
1- Digital drugs in adolescents
2- Psychological loneliness in adolescents.
3- The nature of the correlation between psychological loneliness
and digital drugs according to gender (male - female), and
specialization (scientific – human).
4- The differences in the correlation between psychological loneliness and digital drugs according to gender (male - female), and specialization (scientific – human). The current research is limited to adolescent students (males and
emales) in Baghdad schools affiliated to the six districts. The scale was applied to (400) students, who were chosen by the stratified random method. After statistical analysis, the results came to the
following:
1- Adolescent students in Baghdad schools have digital drugs.
2- Adolescent students in Baghdad schools have psychological unity.
3- There is a relationship between psychological loneliness and digital drugs according to gender and specialization.
4- There are statistically significant differences between the
psychological unit and digital drugs according to gender (male - female) and in favor of males, and there are statistically significant differences between the psychological unit and digital drugs according to specialization (scientific - human) and in favor of the scientific.

the research title (the effect of the filtering ideas strategy and analog thinking strategy in achievement of geography material and development the Scientific Thinking for students of literary fifth class) The researcher depended on a partial control experimental design with the three groups(tow experimental groups and one control group) with the pre- post tests. the researcher chose Abu Alalaa Almaary secondary school for boys from schools of first AL-Rusafah Directorate. The research sample consisted of (94) students the randomly distributed on three groups; (B) is assigned the first as experimental group contained (31) students, and (A) is assigned the second
experimental group (31)students, and (C) is assigned the control group contained (32)students. The researcher equalize the three groups in many variables ; prior
knowledge ,age , IQ , achievement in geography for the previous year, the Scientific thinking pre test. The scientific material is limited to the first three chapters of natural geography book for literary fifth class the studying year (2019-2020) in Iraq,
the researcher, formulated behavioral objectives in the light the cognitive domain for Bloom classification of (114) ,and in the light of the behavioral

The psychological immological weakness of the senior configures dangerous on their ableism and psychological health that why the aim of the present research is to know the level of psychimmunlogical of the senior and building or (constract ) heuristic programme according to the organaziation of (Julian and Roter ) to develop the psych immunological of senior .
The research has depend on Duah scale 2018 to mesur the psychimmunological for them after getting out the sychometric featurs of the scale than organized heuristic programme his been built ( structured ).
Which consisted of heuristic (10)sessionsbegan on 12 the jan-20 and ended on 13 th feb.20 and the important results that the researcher has arrived are:
1.the seior have weaknss in the psychimmun ological level .
2.the effect of heuristic programme in psychimmunological to in crease the psych immunological level for the senior and the researcher arrived to these recommundalions and suggestions.

The aim of the research was to identify (the Effect of the propeller card in the of acquisition of science principles among second- grade primary pupils).
The sample of the research consisted of (70) pupils from the second primary grade students for the academic year (2020-2021) from (Mosul) affiliated to the Baghdad Education Directorate of Rusafa Third Education, divided into two divisions, (A, B), Division (A) was randomly chosen. Each division includes (34) and other being acontrol grop of (35) male female students to represent the experimental group, and Division B represented the control group, and the researcher taught the two research groups (experimental and control) according to the teaching plans she prepared.
The students of the experimental group studied according to the propeller card strategy, and the students of the control group studied the traditional way.
Parity was carried out between the students of the two research groups (experimental and control) in the following variables (intelligence, previous knowledge, and chronological age calculated in months).
The research results showed the following: There is a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of students of the two research groups (experimental and control) in the concept acquisition test and for the benefit of students of the experimental group who study using the propeller card strategy.

The aim of the current search to know the effect style textured display (C.D.T.) in mastering the skill performance in material handicraft with second grade student at the average , and to achieve this goal formulated null hypothesis , is determined by current research by students second grad average-breeding Baghdad,s rusafa first for the academic year 2015-2014, and the style of synthetic display, took current research experimental method is the one sample partial, control and testing skills tribal dimensional as a way to search, were selected (14) student purposely sample to the research, the researchers prepare 6 unit teaching according to the style of presentation synthetic substance handicrafts which is within studied art education average second grade as a promising test skillfulness tribal dimensions and from for evaluating the performance skills, and the researchers from achieving validity and reliability the most important statistical methods are equivalent and Caucasians and modified rate agreement for cooper, and key findings of the current research is to reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis which states that the existence of differences in the average scores of students in test performance skills and in favor of the posttest , to prove effectiveness of the plans according to the style of presentation of the synthetic merle and that led to obtain excellent results with the students.

Find the current problem determined by the following questions:
What is the level of marital love and achievement motivation among teachers stage prep? Whether there is a relationship between marital love and achievement motivation for those teacher?
The importance of research of the importance of marital love as aresult of anumber of emotions and intellectual harmong to regulate the family relationship. It is the importance of academic achievement motivation in raising the level of teacher performance and productivity.
The current research aims to identity the marital love and the academic achievement motivation and the relationship between marital love the motivation of academic achievement among middle school teachers. The total sample (200) teachers of married women only. To a chive the goals of research, researcher used measure of marital love for (Hafeild and Sprecher, 1986) and a measure of academic achievement motivation (Sharif 2012) and after the data analysis, research found the following results:
1. The presence of statistically significant in love with marital preparatory school teacher stage.
2. The presence of statistically significant motivation in academic achievement among middle school teachers.
3. The existence of positive correlation between marital love and the academic achievement motivation.

The aim of the current research is to know (the effect of the thinking-aloud strategy on the achievement of students of the College of Basic Education in the subject of general psychology)
To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher put the following null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference between the average achievement scores of the experimental group who studied a general psychology subject according to the thinking out loud strategy, and the average achievement scores of the control group who studied the same subject according to the usual method.
The researcher set an experimental design with a partial control with two groups (experimental group and control group), and he intentionally chose the College of Basic Education, Salah al-Din University in the city of Erbil, and by random distribution, he chose Division (B) to represent the experimental group and the number of its students was (31) students, while it was Division (C) the control group and the number of students was (32) male and female students.
Then he rewarded the two research groups statistically by using the T-test and chi-square in the following variables: chronological age calculated in months, intelligence test.
The researcher taught the two research groups based on the subject content of the general psychology subject to be taught for the first grade in the faculties of basic education (2019-2020),
At the end of the experiment, the data was analyzed, and the research concluded the following: The statistical results showed a difference between the average scores of students' achievement in the experimental group and the average scores of students in the control group and adults. The research reached several conclusions, and the researcher suggested conducting similar studies in other stages of study.

Organizational commitment is a topic that has garnered significant study due to its impact on individual performance and behavior, as well as on institutional productivity and the consistency of desired performance. Weak organizational commitment leads to numerous negative outcomes, such as absenteeism, job turnover, dissatisfaction, resource wastage, neglect of property, and poor performance. On the other hand, high organizational loyalty yields positive results, such as employee dedication, improved performance, increased productivity, and the desired organizational citizenship behavior (Yen and Frances, 1995, p. 179).

From the positives and negatives of organizational commitment, the researcher identified the problem of the study. The researcher was keenly aware of the importance of the educational institution to which she belongs and the vital role played by faculty members, which requires a high level of organizational commitment