Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

اهتم الانسان منذ القديم بصحته واعتدال قوامه وقد وضع العديد من المعايير لتقويم شكل الجسم وهذه المعايير تحدد نموذج الجسم وتركيبه وتحديد ابعاده في وقت كانت الضخامة هي المعيار الاولى ولكن بمرور الزمن اصبح التناسق هو معيار الهام،ان القوام السليم يساعد الجسم على القيام بواجباته ووظائفه خير قيام بل ينعكس هذا على حالته النفسية والصحية حيث يبدو اكثر اعتدلا وذو مظهر انيق كما يبدو اكثر ثقة بالنفس وشعورا بالارتياح والحرية في الحركة.
وقد هدف البحث الى :
1. قياس بعض تشوهات العمود الفقري ومعدل كتلة الجسم وعلاقتها بالاتجاه نحو النشاط الرياضي للطالبات.
2. قياس الاتجاه نحو النشاط الرياضي للطالبات.
3. دراسة العلاقة بين بعض تشوهات العمود الفقري ومعدل كتلة الجسم وعلاقتها بالنشاط الرياضي للطالبات.
وقد تم اختيار عينة البحث من ثانوية (هيدي) في منطقة دارتو في اربيل من خلال انتباه الباحثة في احدى زيارتها الى وجود عدد من طالبات اللواتي يمتنعن عن مزاولة درس التربية الرياضية بسبب عدم رغبتهن لدرس وقد عمدت الباحثة الى تناول مشكلة هؤلاء الطالبات والبالغ عددهن(16) طالبة .
وقد استخدمت الباحثة : ( زواية قياس فركسون لتشوهات العمود الفقري و مقياس جيرالد كينون للاتجاه نحو النشاط البدني) كادوات بحث.
كما واستخدمت الباحثة : ( الوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري والنسبة المئوية ومعمل ارتباط بيرسون) كوسائل احصائية .
واستنتجت الباحثة الاتي:
1. توجد علاقة بين تشوه العمود الفقري والاتجاه نحو النشاط البدني للطالبات في مدينة اربيل.
2. تشوهات العمود الفقري لدى الطالبات (عينة البحث) مرتفعة نوعا ما.
3. الاتجاه نحو النشاط الرياضي لدى الطالبات (عينة البحث) منخفض.

Sports psychology is a branch of psychology that is concerned with studying the behavior of the sports individual with himself and with others in all sports fields and helps him understand himself, determine his abilities and energies, and achieve harmony with himself and others. Hence, the importance of the current research lies in identifying the degree of sports cohesion as well as the differences in sports cohesion among the teams of the College of Physical Education in volleyball and basketball at the University of Salahaddin. The research aimed to: 1. Identify the degree of sports cohesion among the players of the volleyball and basketball teams at the College of Physical Education at the University of Salahaddin. 2. Identify the differences in the degree of sports cohesion between the players of the volleyball and basketball teams at the level of the degree of sports cohesion of the College of Physical Education at the University of Salahaddin. The research community was represented by the players of the volleyball and basketball teams at the College of Physical Education at the University of Salahaddin, numbering (29) players. (4) players were excluded from the volleyball team as a pilot experiment and (5) players from the basketball team. The research sample included (20) players from each team, with (10) players from each team. The researcher also used the sports team cohesion scale, which It was designed by (Alawi 1998) as a research tool. The researcher used: (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, hypothetical mean, (t) test, and simple correlation coefficient) as statistical means. The researcher concluded the following: 1. The players of the volleyball and basketball teams have a good degree of cohesion for the sports team in the College of Physical Education at the University of Salahuddin. 2. There were no statistically significant differences in the degree of sports cohesion between the players of the volleyball and basketball teams.

The problem of the researches: It has summarized That all the past researches deal WiTH the stable muscles activities which are asymptotic to the effort the skill. (EMG Bluetooth) machine deals with action activity of muscle of the same skill.
The research aims at int reducing the values of electronic activity of (EMG) of deltoid and triceps muscles during the performance of javelin throwing and comparing the electronic activity of the two muscles.
The research has abblied on a sample of (4) javelin blyers of track and field Iraqi National team
The research has used the descriptive method for its suitability of the subject of the research
The sample of the research: It has been chosen the muscles through electrocardiography and by using (EMG) mach. This maching given the variables i.e (climax electric, medium, sduire root RMS and area of statical significant differences have appeared in values of medium sduare root between the two muscles inform to deltoid muscle. Also, it has appeared staisical significant differences in values of area activity of thus, the researchers have recommended physical Education and all their departments in all universities of owing this maching and other evaluators equipment the levee of working muscles activity

Is the efficiency of physical and your endurance is of great importance for some activities and field, as it whenever the situation has improved student career was able to perform physical exertion more with energy saving efforts, so the identification of physical aptitude and endurance private students, was based on that there are positively correlated the carrying of training and pregnancy fact on the shoulders of the student. In other words, physical aptitude and endurance in your control level that can be shown by the student during the performance of training and competitions.
Therefore, lies the importance of research to test physical aptitude and endurance your help to reveal the career of the body in the light of their relationship to the level of performance for judging the effectiveness of the training process as possible through the identification of physical aptitude to obtain much data on students and use these results in scientific studies when comparing the dynamic impact training during the training season to the students.
The problem with research in the curriculum material Aalsahp and in the field of Latvia and the purpose of the terms of the number of units during the week are not sufficient for the development of physical aptitude and endurance private students, which leads to the failure of students in achieving the desired objectives and thus to an injury, which may result in a break with the student once and for all playing lesson. Therefore, the researcher wanted to try to examine the efficiency of physical and your endurance through the development of training curriculum for training by using compound (weights + Blayomturk) to obtain the scientific data and realistic contribution to the enhancement of the effectiveness of the 100-meter run.
The study aimed to identify the impact of the training compound on the development of physical aptitude and endurance of your students.
The researcher used the experimental method on a sample of students in the first phase of the Faculty of Physical Education course during 2009-2010 m The number of sample subjects (24 students), were divided into two groups equal in number, the number of each (12) Student was homogeneity of the sample of the research in the background variables.
The researcher concluded the training compound a positive role in the development of physical aptitude and endurance on the effectiveness of the 100-meter run for the students.
Therefore, the researcher recommends using the training compound because of its role in the development of a positive physical aptitude and endurance on the effectiveness of the 100-meter run for the students

Highlights the importance of this research to know influence of training curriculum and preventive use of antioxidants in the development of character with the speed and performance of some of the skills of offensive basketball, has noticed the researchers and a weakness in some of the physical attributes and special recipe with speed, which in turn leads to injuries to female students during the performance of the skill so The development of this capacity is one of the necessities that help in communicating with the vocabulary of this approach in terms of total and specific doses of antioxidants (vitamins) and contribute effectively in reducing the incidence of injuries and have upgraded the work of the muscular and nervous on the other.
The researchers have used experimental method for the appropriateness and nature of the problem, either the research sample was selected in the manner of intentional students at Baghdad University / College of Physical Education for Girls and the third phase belg numbers (30) student, and through expert opinion .... Gave the researchers tested for the search and the number of training curriculum and preventive Tgueninhma, you may Touseln to several conclusions, including more than the experimental group the first on the rest of the groups in terms of the development of skills of offensive game of basketball, followed by the second experimental group and control group, as well as Aosn researchers on the diversity of food and eating dietary antioxidants (vitamins) in support of physical performance when the training season and both for beginners and advanced, and to give special importance to the development of the recipe with speed being of significant impact in achieving the performance skills of good, and conduct similar studies to determine the effect of the use of dietary antioxidants on the elements of physical fitness other.

The special physical abilities are important essential and active way which try greatly in importing the level of skilful distinguish able performance that will leed to the win in all different physical activities and the hand ball is one of the games which refers to this game share each other all the time and this will lead to score against the other team as well as will achiere the win at the end the game .the importance of this research appears that the special physical abilities are important essential and basic for all the team because they want high efficiency and the special skil fut level will lead to the basic movement performancc which are important for it as if the bach bane for the body the problem of this research concludes the teaching of the siluation by the two the two researchers during their studying the relution between the special physical abilities and their relation with the accurate scoring in high jump with hand ball and the other aim for this study is to know the importance essential abillitis and their relation with accurate scoring in high jump with hand ball . they use the fficial curriculum and they take for this study 10girls as asample for this research from al-ftat Baghdad club. They put some tests for them putting by experts and they use important means of statistics though wich can cure them by the statistics bag and two researchers discouer a lot of results which are the strength of the physicalability and legs for the girls refer to their physical ability and skilful movement wich recognize this game the two researchers recommend wich the other researcher in all subjects as well as to be reinforded the results of theiskind of the relation wich is adoptcd by this research and constrated on this relation which is areal measure to improve the physical abilities as wellas toaimprore the skilful scoring in high jump with hand ball so we can keep on the abilities by the trainer and the player during the teaching of the cuwiculum.

The researcher noticed through her experience in gymnastics that the best skill performance comes from the harmony of muscle strength between the two sides of the body, which appears through tracking the electrical path of the muscle (EMG). If there is a defect in one side of the body, specifically in the triceps brachii muscle that extensors the arm, it leads to the emergence of an unbalanced skill in the technical and mechanical aspects. This is what the researcher noticed when performing the front and back swing skill on the parallel bars in the research sample. Despite the importance of this skill as it is one of the important and basic swings that occupy the preparatory section for most movements on the parallel bars, we find that the performance is not at the required level, although the performance of the swings is of great importance to achieve good performance on the parallel bars.

The emergence of new horizons in the science of sports training, like all other sciences, has imposed limitlessness in the service of sports development. An organized series of concepts, methods, facts and new services for athletes has emerged, taking different names, all revolving around finding a new formulation for the vocabulary of the training unit and presenting it in a way that differs from what was previously practiced. Hence, the importance of the research in revealing the scoring reality of youth teams is evident, helping to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the levels of tactical and tactical performance and enhancing the positive aspects that would enhance the path of good performance. Therefore, the researcher decided to delve into this field by using the method of analyzing the time of the attack and its impact on the scoring reality.

The aim of the research, which used the descriptive approach, was to reveal the most important factors that cause psychological pressure from sports journalism on referees according to their refereeing specialization, using the scale designed by the researcher consisting of (50) phrases, which was applied to the research sample, which numbered (62) referees.
From the results of the field study, it was found that there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of psychological pressure caused by sports journalism on referees according to their age. Meaning that all referees are affected by psychological pressure according to their age, but there are no statistically significant differences in that effect.
The most important recommendations were represented in the necessity of focusing on the psychological aspects of referees in addition to the physical and technical aspects in particular when selecting new referees, or promotion or in refinement courses, and training them to use appropriate and suitable means to resist psychological pressures, especially those related to sports journalism. With the provision of a specialist and psychological guide for referees, as well as attracting young elements when selecting referees

This study aimed to: 1- Identify the descriptive statistics of the final results of the vault table in the Men's Artistic Gymnastics World Championships for the years (2007 - 2009 - 2010). 2- Identify the differences between the final results of the vault table in the Men's Artistic Gymnastics World Championships for the years (2007 - 2009 - 2010). 3- Identify the differences between the first and second jumps for the final results of the vault table in the Men's Artistic Gymnastics World Championships for the years (2007 - 2009 - 2010). 4- Identify the number of medals and the percentage assigned to the players of the advanced positions in the final of the vault table in the Men's Artistic Gymnastics World Championships for the years (2007 - 2009 - 2010). The researcher used the descriptive approach because it is suitable for the nature of the research problem. The research sample consisted of artistic gymnastics players participating in the final of the vault table in the World Championship held in Germany in 2007, the World Championship held in Britain in 2009, and the World Championship held in the Netherlands in 2010, totaling (24) players, with (8) players for each championship, who were selected from the qualifying championship. The researcher relied on the numerical values ​​obtained from the international information network (the Internet), in addition to Arab and foreign sources as a means of collecting information. The data were processed by the computer according to the statistical program SPSS Ver 11. Based on the statistical processing, the researcher reached the following conclusions, the most important of which are: 1- The results of the final of the men's artistic gymnastics vault table did not show any significant difference between the 2007 World Championship, the 2009 World Championship, and the 2010 World Championship. 2- The results of the final of the men's artistic gymnastics vault table for the years 2007, 2009, and 2010 did not show a significant difference between the first and second jumps. As for the most important recommendations: 1- Conduct analytical studies of the upcoming Olympic cycles and world championships in full, due to its significance in objective evaluation, in addition to the ease of its procedures.

The smashing serve requires a high level of skill and experience from the player in addition to the physical level, and if it is performed successfully and effectively, it has a negative impact on the opposing team's psychology, in addition to the points that are obtained by the sender without the team's effort. It is possible to determine the importance of the study in converting the relationships between the mechanical variables between the player and the ball, which appear in the form of a state of compatibility, into numerical values ​​that can be easily dealt with and adapted to exercises for education or to correct or develop performance by coaches and teachers of game skills so that skills are built and developed in a scientifically correct, economical and fruitful way, in addition to providing this information to researchers and those concerned with developing the game as an addition to the information database for the game. The problem of the research lies in the lack of information available in the information system for this skill regarding the relationships between the biomechanical and mechanical variables between the player and the ball in performing the smashing serve at this level of the game in the country (Premier League).

The research included five axes, the first of which included the introduction and the importance of the research. The importance of the research was evident in studying the level of readiness of the fourth-stage student psychologically and technically (skill-wise) for application in schools. As for the research problem, it was summarized in a question: What is the extent of the student's readiness psychologically and technically to perform his role as an applied student in schools and to what extent does he bear his role as a teacher responsible for students and the extent of his commitment to this role? The objectives of the research were as follows: 1- Building and standardizing a scale to identify the level of professional competencies before the application period among fourth-stage students in the College of Physical Education - University of Basra.

The study aimed to:
1. Identify the level of body mass index, body surface area, percentage of fat, waist-to-pelvis ratio, and resting metabolism in young gymnasts.
2. Identify the relationship between body mass index, body surface area, percentage of fat, waist-to-pelvis ratio, and resting metabolism in young gymnasts.
3. To what extent is it possible to reach equations to predict resting metabolism in terms of body mass index, body surface area, percentage of fat, and waist-to-pelvis ratio in young gymnasts.
To achieve this, the study was conducted on (10) players who train at the gymnastics training center (gymnastics hall in the Amara Youth Forum) and whose ages ranged between (12-13) years. Anthropometric measurements were made in terms of height, weight, and circumferences (upper arm, forearm, wrist, waist, pelvis). After making the anthropometric measurements, the following were calculated: body mass index, body surface area, waist-to-pelvis ratio, resting metabolism, and fat percentage.

The importance of the research focused on identifying the extent to which the students of the College of Physical Education\University of Basra enjoy some elements of physical fitness and their impact and relationship to directing motivation to practice sports activity in their college teams or outside them (in sports clubs). The problem of the research came through the researcher's observation of the weakness of high positive motivation directions, which indicates that the study sessions emphasize physical fitness without paying attention to the students' orientations that play a major role in raising the level of students. Thus, the researcher had a desire to reveal the relationship between some elements of physical fitness and motivational orientations among students of the College of Physical Education at the University of Basra.

Recent years have witnessed a decrease in the level of physical activity due to technological progress that has caused a lack of movement. There is no doubt that the increase in the body mass index and the problem of increasing the fat component above its normal rates constitute a serious health problem. In order to prevent diseases and improve public health, these variables must be controlled and reduced by available natural means such as practicing sports activities of various types. The research aims to identify the amount of body mass index for female students participating in sports activities for sports teams and to know the proportions of the body components under study (amount of muscle, amount of fat) and to know the effect of sports activities practiced on the variables under study during the sports season. The research sample consisted of female students from the University of Baghdad / College of Education for Girls (10 female students) from sports team players (5 basketball players and 5 volleyball players) aged 19-22 years. The experimental method was used to process the results. The sample underwent two training units per week. The research results showed a noticeable improvement in the body mass index of female students, and showed a decrease in the proportions of the fat component with an increase in the proportion of the muscle component. Finally, the researcher recommends the necessity of involving female students in sports activities in non-specialized colleges, as there are few opportunities for movement and a lot of sitting in theoretical lectures. This is done by making the physical education class a mandatory weekly lesson for practicing physical and sports activities and providing the requirements for this to succeed.

Recent years have witnessed a decrease in the level of physical activity due to technological progress that has caused a lack of movement. There is no doubt that the increase in the body mass index and the problem of increasing the fat component above its normal rates constitute a serious health problem. In order to prevent diseases and improve public health, these variables must be controlled and reduced by available natural means such as practicing sports activities of various types. The research aims to identify the amount of body mass index for female students participating in sports activities for sports teams and to know the proportions of the body components under study (amount of muscle, amount of fat) and to know the effect of sports activities practiced on the variables under study during the sports season. The research sample consisted of female students from the University of Baghdad / College of Education for Girls (10 female students) from sports team players (5 basketball players and 5 volleyball players) aged 19-22 years. The experimental method was used to process the results. The sample underwent two training units per week. The research results showed a noticeable improvement in the body mass index of female students, and showed a decrease in the proportions of the fat component with an increase in the proportion of the muscle component. Finally, the researcher recommends the necessity of involving female students in sports activities in non-specialized colleges, as there are few opportunities for movement and a lot of sitting in theoretical lectures. This is done by making the physical education class a mandatory weekly lesson for practicing physical and sports activities and providing the requirements for this to succeed.

Many coaches and athletes seek the best and fastest means that help get rid of fatigue, as the speed of recovery of most functional indicators and their length are in a straight relationship with work capacity, the higher the work capacity, the greater the changes during the work period and thus the speed of recovery is greater. Also, good nutrition helps maintain high performance efficiency and works to restore recovery during the rest period between the race and the training units and after it. Therefore, the importance of the research lies in studying muscle fatigue as it is one of the main topics of interest to coaches, players and administrators as it is one of the obstacles to sports performance and one of the causes of sports injuries. The researchers sought to experiment with some recovery methods to get rid of the manifestations of fatigue and thus develop the efficiency of physical performance among badminton players