TANMIAT AL-RAFIDAIN

Food grants are one of the points that raised a great debate in the negotiations of
the World Trade organization. Moreover, It was the topic which caused concern for many
economists that these assistances might result in a disorder in the local markets of cereal
and could hinder the incentives of the producers by decreasing the prices of foods and
distort the markets of the countries that receive these assistances. Although there are
experimental evidences concerning the impact of the inhibition of the production and the
prices of the cereals, the opinions of many specialists in the subject of food grants were
different. Several modern studies showed the positive impact of the grants in the markets
of the countries that receive them considering these grants as a vital tool that meets the
urgent humanitarian needs and to achieve the goals of food security. From the other hand,
other specialists argued that the positive effect of the grants on the production cancels the
negative effect in food prices. The results of the practical aspect of this study showed that
the food grants have a negative effect on wheat production in India, Bangladesh and
Kenya as they do not stimulate the farmers to increase the production. Moreover, there
the grants had no effect on wheat production in Ethiopia, Sudan, Malawi, Bolivia and
Peru. The findings showed the negative effect of the food grants on the wheat prices in
Bangladesh and Malawi, but no effect was shown on the wheat prices in India, Ethiopia,
Sudan, Kenya, Bolivia and Peru for the period 1988 – 2010.

The current research highlights the relationship and the impact of strategic
orientation in the requirements of - just in time - production system through a prospective
study of the opinions of a sample of managers in the company researched. It included a
cognitive framework about the strategic orientation as an independent variable. The
requirements of the production system - just in time – are as a variable dependent. The
default scheme has been developed to reflect the nature of the relationship between the
variables of research. They emerged from the scheme and head of sub-hypotheses, tested
in the light of the data collected through the questionnaire assembled for this purpose.
The research found, among other conclusions, most notably: The existence of a
correlation between strategic orientation and requirements of the production system - just
in time, as well as it related to the internal arrangement of the plant and technical working
groups on the performance of the active role in shaping strategic orientation of the
company. Based on these findings, the study developed a set of proposals, they are: the
obligation of administrative leadership in the company's values and the way that makes
the personnel taking the right direction, which gives the values of strength and helps the
company researched to achieve the required performance.

The current study deals with the managerial leadership skills and their effect on
supporting the organizational commitment. This study aimed at presenting a theoretical
framework to the most prominent achievement researchers submitted concerning the two
variable of the study, especially the independent variable of the managerial leadership skills
represented by (Intellectual, human and managerial skills) and the dependent variable
represented by the organizational commitment stood for by (feeling, standard and continuous
commitment). The research was conducted at the State company for drugs manufacturing and
medical appliances / Nineveh, then the study used descriptive method and the community of the
study was (160) of manager departments unit and used the questionnaire as a basic tool for
collecting the data and information in the field, the distributed questionnaire was (55) for the
sample of the study. Also, the study aimed at describing the variables of the study and
identifying them to test a number of hypotheses related to correlations and influence between
the management leadership skills in terms of their variables and also the organizational
commitment. In order to test the scheme of the study and its hypotheses, several statistical
techniques were used

As a result of the crises of financial and accounting deficiencies in many global
companies and banks resulted from their administrations lack of good secure practices
in controlling and supervising ,As well as lack of transparency and disclosure of risks
which institutions are exposed to, risk disclose has become fundamental part of
governance requirements, which is concerned with determining the appropriate amount
of information to be disclosed and communicated to all stakeholders in manner that
helps them to make decisions on a clear basis. This research aims to study the
mechanisms of Governance in Islamic banks in Iraq and its impact on the Level of risk
disclosure. By analytical study, a number of conclusions were reached. The most
prominent was the existence of a correlation between the mechanisms of governance in
Islamic bank and disclosure of risks. In addition to the existence of a positive effect of
statistical significance of the mechanisms of governance at the Level of disclosure of
risks to concerned Islamic banks of Iraq Accordingly

This research seeks to identify the correlation and impact between the green purchasing strategies and the green manufacturing requirements of the National Company for Household Furniture Industry / Mosul. The researchers seek to include these variables within the framework of the comprehensive, and in general, the next question raises the implications of the problem of research: What is the nature of the correlation and impact between green purchasing strategies and green manufacturing requirements in the company surveyed? The two researchers attempted to answer this question by adopting descriptive and analytical approaches and adopting a set of tools in collecting data, such as personal interviews and field visits, as well as the questionnaire. In order to analyze the results of the field side, a default scheme was developed that reflects the nature of the correlation and impact between these variables, as explained by a set of main and subsidiary hypotheses that have been tested using a number of statistical methods. The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which were:
1. There is significant correlation between study variables at the level of the company surveyed.
2. There is a significant effect between the study variables at the level of the company surveyed.

The main purpose of this research is to determine the extent to which entrepreneurship
dimensions contribute to the establishment of the requirements of Lean Manufacturing. The
research has used a number of methods, including descriptive and analytical methods, to ensure
that there is a relationship between the search variables. The results showed the support from
dimensions of Entrepreneurship and contribution to the establishment of lean manufacturing
requirements. The research community in the General Company for Textile and Leather Industries
/ Baghdad, according to the description of study’s variables, has been diagnosed and tested
according to the correlations between the variables. According to its schedule, a number of
conclusions are made, the most important of them are: the results of the applied study on the
variables of study in the survey Company, revealed that the general rate of the perception of
individuals respondents well and in a positive direction. This indicates that the interviewed
individuals have an interest Entrepreneurship dimensions in establishing lean manufacturing
requirements in survey Company. The study indicates a significant correlation and impact
between each variable depending on the conclusions made by the study. The study submitted
compatible suggestions with these conclusions and one of the most the management of the survey
company requires an increasing attention to employment Entrepreneurship dimensions. It was
adopted by the present study and the application of the principles and lean manufacturing
requirements and in an integrated manner in order to optimize the use of company resources
providing innovative and proactive products to ensure that many market opportunities are
available as a way to maintain continuity and sustainability.

This research aims at identifying the effect of continuous improvement and
creativity management on uplifting performance level in the Iraqi organizations in general
and service sector in particular, represented by private banks in Al-Diwaniyah City.
Given that continuous improvement is one of the key focuses organizations rely on to
develop their performance; creativity is one of the most important options that enable
organizations to adapt to the rapid changes in the environment; and for the achievement
of the research goal, a questionnaire was developed and handed out on the sampled
community (45 persons) and data were analyzed by use of SPSS v.23 software and Amos
v.23 software .The research came up with a number of important conclusions like that
researched banks hold operation competences that enable them to excel in their
performance .A number of recommendations were also put like that those banks are urged
to document information related to continuous improvement for developing an

The research sought to demonstrate the role of service marketing mix in non-profit
organizations (hospitals), which helps hospital management to achieve its own and public
goals. The problem of research is the lack of attention to the marketing function from
management of hospitals and the importance of research is the importance of marketing
in the areas of daily life and the role of hospitals of the large and vital to the beneficiaries,
and the study of marketing in hospitals will help them to perform their mission and
upgrade them. The objectives of the research are to monitor and analyses the actual
reality of marketing in the examining hospitals and to identify the respondents ' answers
to the research standards. In general, research has tried to answer the following questions:
1. Does marketing have an important role in the hospitals examined؟
2. What is the applicability of the components of the service marketing mix in the
examined hospitals؟
3. Are the respondents of the marketing activity in the hospitals different from the
standards? Search؟
To answer these questions, an important and fundamental premise is that marketing
has an important role to play in helping hospital management achieve its own and public
goals. It was reinforced with many variables to prove that they were tested using
statistical means of data collected through the questionnaire form and distributed to the
individuals examined, where the research adopted the descriptive method, and the
الط لب وآل مراد ]231[
researchers used duplicates, weighted mean, percentages and the use of SPSS program
(Statistical Package for the Social sciences).
The research reached a set of conclusions and, in light of them, the research
presented a series of proposals

Countries moved towards an advanced stage of globalization, entering into new
framework of international relations, represented by international competitiveness. They
resorted to enhance their competitive capabilities. The research aims at measuring the
impact of competitiveness over the economic growth in a sample of Latin America
countries, with an assumption of a positive relation between competitiveness and economic
growth. This research presents the concepts concerned with competitiveness. Despite the
multiple indicators for measuring it, concentration was on competitiveness indicator issued
by world Economic Forum due to its importance in composition and use in academic
researches.

This study aims to measure the impact of private and foreign direct
investment in the unemployment rate in Iraq during the period (2017-1985), and
using the (EViews10) program Conducting the unit root test as an initial step to
determine the degree of integration of the variables for the purpose of selecting
the estimation model by applying the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test (ADF) and
revealing the existence of a common integration using the test methodology
between the unemployment rate and independent variables mentioned, and then
estimate the relationship in a long and short-run using the Auto-regressive
Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). The study found that 78% of the changes in the
unemployment rate are explained by the independent variables in the model and
the rest (13%) are explained by the random variable or external variables.

This research aims to determine the effect of fluctuations in the prices of crude oil on
the external gap of a sample of oil rent countries. The research relied on quantitative
decomposition to describe the nature of the relationship between variables by using panel
data (Eviews 10), (STATA 14.0) programs. It has applied three models of panel data which
includes pooled regression model, fixed effects model and random effects model with the use
of unit root tests such as Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test (ADF) and Phillips-Perron test (pp)
to find out the degree of stability of the variables over time. Based on results of the stability
tests, it has conducted the co-integration tests. ARDL model was used because the variables
are not of the same rank. The research found a number of conclusions; the most important of
which is that after the differentiation between the models of the banal shows that the model
random effects are appropriate for this study. The external gap in the oil rent countries are
affected by fluctuations of crude oil prices. It has also shown significance of the main
independent variable oil prices for the variable gap. The positive effect on the balance of
payments, current account balance was the external gap to the sample countries.

The study aims to measure and analyze banking efficiency and the possibility of
implying the green banking dimensions for the Iraqi commercial private banks the
recorded in Iraqi stock market for the period 2012-2015. The sample consisted of 19
banks. The bank efficiency is considered as a vital subject in the global, regional and
local stock markets, especially after the new trends of economic policies in Iraq after
2004 year. These trends focus on the importance of banking sector to participate in the
building and reconstruction processes. In the measuring and analyzing the banking
efficiency, the researcher determines some of methods and methodology, the main and
common using ones is the Data Envelop Analysis method that stipulates the parity of
activities and time periods. In another side, the study concentrates on the green banking
dimensions as a modern approach in banking works. The study using the questionnaire
for investigation of the opinions of the higher managers, and using the five points likert
scale. The study concluded the depression of performance efficiency levels in all
researched banks. The commitment to the green banking contents can be participated in
improving the bank assets and reinforcing its efficiency and achieving the economic and
environmental sustainability in Iraq.

The current study was used to determine the relationship and show the effect
between the organizational justices undertaken by organization in achieving the job
satisfaction for the employees in AL-Khansa Teaching hospital. The study was based on
two aspects; the first one treated the theoretical framework of the study and its variables.
The other includes the application framework. The questionnaire was used as a main tool
for obtaining data. A number of research hypotheses were identified as limits of the study
problem, they are the following:
1. Does the organization’s management have a perspective of the extent to which
organizational justice reflects job satisfaction?
2. Can organizational justice lead to the best level of job satisfaction in the organization
being investigated?
3. What is the nature of the correlation and impact relationship between organizational
justice and job satisfaction in the organization being investigated?

The study dealt with how to benefit from the XBRL language in the development of electronic accounting disclosure through asking several questions about how and the extent to which this language can actually be applied to one of the Iraqi banking institutions. The study took into account the unified accounting system which has its own application on the various economic sectors in Iraq. It includes including the banking sector. The researchers concluded that XBRL can process the data in different accounting languages and standards according to generally accepted accounting principles. This can be flexibly modified to meet the various requirements and uses. The Bank of Mosul or any other economic unit can build a dictionary of its own classification and development to make it compatible with the Dictionary of international classifications.

The study attempted to identify the relation and the effect of the personal dimensions of the information and the effectiveness of the managerial decision by means of defining the personal dimensions of the information. The features and characteristics related to each of it and the effectiveness of the managerial decision.
Directorate of health in Nineveh was chosen as it is a suitable society for the field aspect of this study. So, a sample that includes hospital, department and division managers the directorate had been chosen. In order to reach good results, several descriptive statistical tools were employed to obtain the necessary results using SPSS computer program.
The study reached several conclusions, most prominent of which are the variation in the correlation, the effect amongst the personal dimensions and the effectiveness of the managerial decision in the studied organization. Based on all this the suggestions of the study were to emphasize the consolidation the positive aspects in those relations, handling what is considered negative within them as these relations have important impacts on the continuity, development and the persistency of that organization in providing health and therapeutic services to a vast number of people in Nineveh governorate