Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

The research aims to prepare criteria and indicators that can be relied upon in evaluating the performance of educational supervisors and specialists in sports education in order to develop and improve their performance. The descriptive approach has been used due to its suitability for the objectives of the research. The research sample consisted of 179 participants ,divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 68 experts and specialists in Ministry of Education and the second one consisted of (111) educational supervisors and specialists in the general directorates of education in the governorates. The Delphi method was adopted with its multiple rounds as it is an appropriate statistical method for the research problem as it is based on expert opinions to obtain a high agreement rate for the list of standards and its indicators. The scale included (3) main areas, (12) criteria and (50) sub-indicators, and in order to confirm that the standards are applicable and measured, they were applied and presented to the field supervisors of physical education in the General Directorates of Physical Education and by using the (chi square).The results resulted in a high degree of agreement. However, the fields and their standards and indicators are highly accurate and proficient, and they are an objective and realistic test for evaluation and are ready for implementation. The researcher recommends that they should be applied and approved in determining the training needs of educational supervisors, in order to uncover the strengths and weaknesses and also for their usefulness in self-evaluation of them and to familiarize them with the standards that should be possessed to fully develop the performance of their work in order to reach the desired educational goals.

The study aimed to get differentiation function for a number of physical patterns and characteristic features among junior footballers and to get a classification of the research sample according to the physical patterns and characteristics of the young footballers. The two researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method for its suitability for the nature of the research. The research sample was chosen by the deliberate method of football juniors, namely the clubs (Dohuk, Zirvani, Kara, Zakho), where the sample reached (82) players, and this number represents (74.54%) of the research community, where the rest of the players were excluded for reasons (not attending, Injury, goalkeepers).
The two researchers used physical measurements to find the body type, by Heath Carter's method, they used this method, which depends on some physical measurements, which is a widely used method for accuracy and objectivity, and also tests used physical characteristics and skills. Physical characteristics and football skills were chosen by 75% experts or more. The research aims
. 1.Get differentiation function for a number of the physical patterns and characteristics of junior footballers.
. 2.Get a classification of the research sample according to the physical patterns and characteristics of junior footballers

Preparing a psychological counseling program in the method of realistic therapy to modify the students ’attitude towards choosing the rhythmic gymnastics game in the graduation research and to identify the effect of the realistic therapy method in modifying the students’ direction towards choosing the rhythmic gymnastics game in the graduation research. The research community consisted of (36) students, then female students of the research sample were identified after excluding a number of female students for different reasons, their number is (7), and the participants in the pilot study are (5) students, so the remaining number is (24). After discharging the results of the questionnaire, the researcher concluded that the extension program is based on the realistic treatment method prepared by the researcher has a clear effect in modifying the neutral and negative attitude towards choosing the rhythmic gymnastics game in the graduation research, and that the lectures and strategies used in the guidance program have an effective effect on changing the students ’attitude towards choosing the rhythmic gymnastics game in the graduation research, and there is a clear interaction among the fourth stage female students with guidance programs as a new scientific phenomenon.

The research aims to compare the evaluation between male and female students in the fourth stage during application from the point of view of supervisors through:
-Identifying the differences in evaluation between male and female students of the fourth stage during application from the point of view of supervisors.
-Identifying the differences in evaluation axes between male and female students of the fourth stage during application from the point of view of supervisors.
The researcher adopted the descriptive approach using the method of correlational studies (a comparative study) to suit the nature of the research.
A questionnaire was used as a method to collect data. The research community consists of students in the fourth stage, who are (160). After collecting data from the members of the research sample, they were treated statistically by using (T) test for two unrelated samples. The researcher concluded that Students apply the information they got during the college years
and the student's acceptance of the directions and advice obtained by the supervisor and their application
The researcher recommended to :
1.Pay attention to the subject of teaching methods, especially viewing the application and not being limited to the range of theoretical and practical subjects only by students.
2.Urge school administrations to receive the applying students and deal with them seriously through schedules to distribute quotas, evaluate them, and direct them in the service of developing applying students

The injuries differ from one body area to another. Injuries to the lower part of the body other than the upper part of the body, even if the various sporting activities and activities follow , but the lower part injury affects the movement of the individual, whether in the job or homework duties when performing his work in the required manner. Ankle joint injuries are the most common types of injuries in the lower limbs , and these injuries usually accompany many negative side effects, and one of the most prominent of these negative side effects is the limitation of joint movement, as the ability of the joint to move decreases when the area is exposed to injury, which causes a hindrance in the functional work of the muscles and this reduces the ability of the joint to move, as the continuity determines the movement, which leads to the stiffness of the joint, while the muscles and ligaments are subjected to shortening and limitation in movement. The research significance lies in developing rehabilitative exercises with adhesive tapes, which is the main focus in the rehabilitation of sports injuries, especially the partial tear of the ankle ligaments with the use of some auxiliary means such as (adhesive and massage tapes), which aims to reduce the dysfunctions of the affected part by taking care of the manifestations of weakness of some muscles and the ligaments surrounding the ankle joint. Through performing exercises to develop endurance of muscular strength and joint flexibility, the player can restore his condition close to normal or natural, and make the players reach the state they were in before the injury or as close as possible. Specialists and workers in the field of sports injuries, physical and sports rehabilitation can get benefit from this study and employing them in similar cases to shorten the rehabilitation time and the return of the player to the stadium sooner.

Sport plays an important role in the lives of peoples as it attracts the interest of many groups of society, as it is an educational process that works to refine the personality of the individual through practicing sports activities, which is reflected in the individual’s socialization and the acquisition of social values and standards. The sport of swimming, like other sports activities, depends in its principles on early practice in childhood and on preparation, preparation and good planning during the sports season in order to provide the young athlete with high skills and to acquire high physical abilities and specifications. Throughout observation, researcher observed that there is a weakness in the starting jump for students, which is considered one of the basic skills in swimming ,and for this skill is related to some physical abilities, the researcher decided to study the reasons for the weakness of this skill by studying the relationship between them, as the research significance emerged in identifying the extent of the relationship of explosive ability to the jump start in free swimming among students. The research aims to identify the relationship between the muscle strength of the two legs and the starting jump in students' free swimming.

Man lives today in the age of technology, which is associated with lack of movement and decreased activity and the subsequent decline in physical and health fitness, which led to many diseases, and varicose veins are considered among these diseases that may affect many members of society at different ages and that appear in the form of swollen and twisted veins in the superficial layers of the legs and thighs, coloring in the color of the skin and apparent swelling. This condition is considered one of the chronic inflammatory conditions that lead to the erosion of the veins, and is accompanied by pain in the legs or a feeling of discomfort and rapid fatigue when doing the effort.
Standing for long periods of things that worsens the condition of varicose veins and the associated pain, as well as sitting for long periods without doing exercises to move the foot and ankle to stimulate blood circulation, and the practice of exercises constantly is important to maintain the strength of the muscles of the legs, and then improve the function of the muscle pump for blood, That is, the pressure of the muscles on the walls of the veins to work on the rise of the column of blood in the vein up towards the heart, and to prevent its accumulation in the legs, causing varicose veins, or to make their condition worse.
The research problem lies in the natural life of many women standing for long periods of time daily, which may cause the appearance of varicose veins, which is considered one of the famous venous diseases, as it occurs as a result of a weakness in the muscle strength of the muscles surrounding the veins, and from this standpoint the researchers' thinking tended to develop an exercise program Simplified physicality to stimulate blood circulation to the lower limbs and strengthen those muscles, which contribute to improving the muscular strength of the two legs and improving the size of the prepayment and thus improving the condition of varicose veins or preventing them. The research aims to develop a therapeutic and preventive physical exercise program for varicose veins and to identify the effect of muscle strengthening and improving the amount of return blood flow on reducing the symptoms associated with this disease in middle-aged women.

The current study revolves around studying some psychological variables related to the performance of some o skills in clubs rhythmic Gymnastics , including avoidance, willpower, and the degree of correlation of these two variables when performing skills, especially the beginning of learning the clubs skills, as you need a kind of compatibility and willpower in controlling performance and linking them with basic skills on the other hand, so a type of performance that creates a state of avoidance from the performance of the skill on the one hand and its desire to learn on the other hand. Therefore , the research aimed to find the relationship between avoidance and willpower and its relationship to the performance of some of the clubs skills, on a sample of first-grade students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls at the University of Baghdad. The researcher used two scales for measuring avoidance and a scale for measuring willpower .After preparing the two scales through a sample of (54) students as well as evaluating the clubs skills scores by three empires. After extracting the scores, they were statistically treated as well as analyzing and discussing the results. It has been found that there is an inverse relationship to the avoidance with performance. Willpower has a positive relationship with performance. The researcher reached a set of conclusions and recommendations that serve the research.

The model of strength, speed, or power produced during the race stages represents the world record for of 100 frees running in order to provide information to coaches and athletes with finding a way to determine the amount of force that is used during strength and speed training as well as identifying the determinants of strength and speed training, and the coach or the athlete can estimate of the athlete’s performance mechanism by identifying these basic elements of running performance represented by step and frequency, which are related to the training process. A model is determined using experimental data to develop relationships between variables for each of the time, instantaneous velocity, time of foot contact with the ground and the distance traveled through it and are considered the most exciting in events and rubber Muscles, polymeric and resistance training exercises such as these are very necessary . A number of researchers have found that these methods provide great benefit in speed training, especially compared to running training ,even when different exercises involve identical muscle groups and a specific movement pattern for use in training, there will be significant improvement in strength. The greatest strength gains occur in the development of speed and movement specificity in strength training may enhance the role of learning and coordination or neuromuscular compatibility. This compatibility helps to develop performance, which is the decisive factor in strength and speed is one of the first determinants. Activating the efficiency of the participating muscles and activating the efficiency of the motor units within all the muscles themselves logically contribute to improving neuromuscular compatibility during jogging.

The research aims to identify the effect of compound exercises on developing the speed of the motor response and the skill of receiving the serving in volleyball. The researchers used the experimental approach with two pre and post tests. The research sample consisted of (12) players representing the Anbar University team in volleyball, after that the pre-tests were conducted on the research sample and then the main experiment of the research was carried out on the research sample for a period of (6) weeks and by two units per week, after which the post-tests were conducted and the data were recorded in a record . After The data were processed statistically and the results were discussed in a scientific discussion based on the experience of researchers and scientific sources. The researchers concluded compound exercises achieved an improvement in the speed of the motor response and the skill of serving reception in volleyball . In the light of conclusions , the researchers recommended to prepare new exercises for volleyball similar to other cases of play.

The role of sport in the modern era is not limited to just participating in competitions, but the interest in practicing sports activity in developed and developing societies alike has become a fundamental aspect of human development with the aim of improving human health, especially athletes achieve the best levels and best achievements and modern applications in various fields of different applied sciences have been used . Chinese acupuncture is one of the applied preventive and curative sciences that aim to overcome fatigue, pain, health prevention, relaxation and recovery. It has drawn its origins from ancient civilizations (Chinese and Japanese) and developed into one of the sciences that are based on scientific principles using applied methods of treatment and rehabilitation based on places of points Specific lines and lines for the human body, and Chinese needles have a prominent and effective role in prevention, rehabilitation and treatment as a result of increasing sports and health awareness, which is spreading among groups of society and at various age stages, and lower back pain is one of the common injuries suffered by many athletes as a result of their practice of sporting activities that cause pressure on the muscles of that area, which causes pain as a result of the contraction and tension of the muscles surrounding that area. Therefore, the significance of research that is summarized in identifying the effect of acupuncture and shiatsu methods in relieving pain for athletes at the age of (25-35) years, which is a first step to benefit Including in the field of sports rehabilitation .

The research acquires importance through studying its analysis of the implementation of fixed cases in the matches of the FIFA World Cup in Russia for the year 2018, and the research aims at an analytical study to identify the effectiveness of the implementation of fixed cases in resolving the results of the FIFA World Cup Russia 2018, and to identify the offensive performance of the participating teams In the 2018 FIFA Championship Finals. The researchers hypothesized that there were differences between the teams participating in the FIFA World Cup finals in the implementation of fixed cases, and there was a variation in the level of players when carrying out fixed shots in the tournament that took place in Russia. The two researchers used the percentage as a statistical method. In light of the results of the study, the researchers concluded that teams that have qualified players with a high ability to implement fixed cases can decide the result of the match in their favor .The researchers recommended that coaches and those in charge of the football game should rely on the principle of analyzing the matches by following up local and international tournaments that players are allocated in each team to implement fixed cases and recommended that coaches allocate part of the daily training unit to implement fixed cases to accustom the players to that.

The research significance lies in the use of the McCarthy model according to the learning styles in a scientific manner and commensurate with the capabilities of the learners as the researchers believe that it will develop the cognitive achievement and accuracy of the preparation skill in volleyball for students.
Through the researchers' experience and their knowledge of many research studies, their presence in the educational process and their observations of the educational units, they observed that there are a large number of students (learners) in the third stage facing difficulty in mastering the preparation skill because it is one of the complex skills and they need a lot of time in mastering it properly, and the researchers believe there is the lack of use of modern teaching methods, so it was necessary for this activity to receive wide attention through involving new strategies or models in the process of developing cognitive achievement and preparation skills. So, the researchers decided to go into this experiment by using the McCarthy model according to the learning styles and the goal is an attempt to rapidly develop cognitive achievement and mastery of the preparation skill. The research aimed to identify the effect of the McCarthy model according to the learning patterns on developing cognitive achievement and the accuracy of the preparation skill in volleyball for students as well as to identifying the preference in the influence between the McCarthy model according to the learning patterns and the method used by the teacher in the development of cognitive achievement and accuracy of preparation skill in volleyball for students. The researchers used the experimental approach in solving the research problem. The research community has been identified by students of the third stage / College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Kufa / for the academic year 2018-2019 and their number is (60) students. The researchers selected a sample of (48) students distributed equally into two groups (experimental, control), as Section (B) represented the experimental group, and Section (C) the control group, and were classified equally by (6) students for each of the learning styles of both groups, selected by the simple random method(draw).

Sports training is a purposeful and directed educational process with scientific planning to prepare players of various levels and according to their abilities in terms of physical, skill, technical, planning and psychological preparation to get the highest possible level. This research aimed to prepare exercises using a proposed device to develop arm's motor speed and skilful performance. The researchers concluded that the proposed device has a positive effect on developing the motor speed of the arms and the skillful performance of young boxers.

Football has taken a prominent place from the increasing attention since ancient times for being a center of attraction for the interest of the sports fans, but has become the focus of attention of many sports fans as it is the eternal empire of sports because of its specialness in introducing joy and pleasure into the hearts of those who love it, which led to the attention of researchers and specialists to work on Its development and progress significantly, and kinetic learning has a great role in this development in this game due to its close connection with it, which has made great leaps in the sports field in general and in football in particular and is still striving to achieve the best in this game to bring it to the best levels and in view because of the sensitivity of the goalkeeper's position in the game of football. Therefore, it became a matter of interest by the researchers through conducting studies on the development of exercises that would raise the efficiency of his physical and skill performance, and to avoid the mistakes made by the goalkeeper in terms of mental abilities or skills. So, the research significance lies by getting the treatment of technical mistakes made by the goalkeeper and developing those mental processes that he needs during matches with the privacy of the technical performance of the skill which is done by preparing complex exercises aiming at correcting the movement form of the goalkeeper and finding the best ways and solutions to reduce these errors. As for the research problem, the researchers see through his experience as a former goalkeeper and goalkeeper coach, he observed that most coaches depend on self- assessment and apparent shape to identify the errors of learners without resorting to scientific methods for correct educational performance that depend on objectivity to find out and identify the errors represented by the measures of error .So, the research aimed to prepare complex exercises according to the error measures to identify the effect of these exercises on developing mental perception, motor response and awareness.

The research aims to reveal the level of the normal behavior of a sample of intermediate school students in the schools of the Gaza Strip, with the detection of the level of digital citizenship among a sample of intermediate school students in the schools of the Gaza Strip, and to identify the relationship between digital citizenship and normal behavior among a sample of students of the preparatory stage in the schools of the Gaza Strip. The research sample consisted of (255) students from intermediate school students in the schools of the Gaza Strip. The two researchers used the following tools, the digital citizenship scale, and the normal behavior scale from its numbers. The research reached the following results: -The average digital citizenship among intermediate school students in the Gaza Strip schools was 3.675 with a relative weight of 73.51%, and this is generally considered a high level, as it turns out that the social dimension was the largest dimension of the digital citizenship scale, with its relative weight reaching 89%, while the moral dimension was the least with a relative weight of 65.68%. -The average of normal behavior among a sample of intermediate school students in the schools of the Gaza Strip was 3.842 with a relative weight of 76.84%, and this is generally considered a high level, and it turns out that perseverance was the largest dimension of the normal behavior scale, with a relative weight of 77.82%, while it was after setting goals the lowest dimensions have a relative weight of 75.51%. The existence of a positive relationship between normal behavior and digital citizenship among a sample of intermediate school students in schools in the Gaza Strip.

The physical pattern of the human being is one of the important requirements for the individual's superiority in motor performance, and attention to physical, skill and psychological abilities regardless of the nature of sports activity and its practice enables the teacher to do his duties in the success of the process of students reaching a better level. The research aimed to identify the level of biorhythm among students of the morning and evening studies in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method, due to its relevance to the nature of the research. The research community consisted of students from Garmian University College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Khanaqin for the morning and evening studies of the stages (second, third and fourth). The sample was randomly selected in the three stages by (6) students from Benin from each stage, and this number was used because of the unequal In the number of students in the morning and evening studies, the sample number reached (36) students. The researchers concluded that the biological rhythm of the morning study students compared to the evening study students showed no differences between them, as most of them were of an irregular pattern.

The research aims to:
1.Identify the psychological compatibility and spirit of challenge among the young players of clubs of Najaf Governorate in handball .
2.Identify the relationship between psychological compatibility and the spirit of challenge among the young players of clubs of Najaf Governorate in handball .
The two researchers used the descriptive approach in the two methods of survey study and correlation relations, and the research community identified the young players of the clubs of Najaf Governorate in handball, which amounted to 50 young players, then selected a sample from the Kufa and Najaf clubs by (30) players randomly to apply the measures of psychological compatibility and spirit of challenge, using appropriate statistical treatments to get the results.

Interest in and upgrading teaching methods s and working with modern strategies in the sports field has become necessary in the progress and prosperity of peoples and the success of the educational process, so the two researchers decided to experiment with a strategy (think - marry – share ), which is a modern strategy that works to give an important role to the student and encourages him to think, responsibility, and the cognitive achievement which increases and develops the cognitive aspect and the level of students. As for the research problem, it is represented in the weakness of cognitive achievement and the skill of trapping in football among literary fourth-grade students.
The researchers used the experimental method with two experimental and control groups. As for the research sample, it consisted of (16) students for the experimental group and (16) for the control group of students of the fourth literary class in Al Hassan Bin Ali Secondary School for Boys - Diyala Governorate .After completing the main experiment, the researchers concluded that the strategy of (think - marry – share ) has a positive role in cognitive achievement and learning the skill of trapping in football for fourth-grade middle school students. As for the most important recommendations, they consisted of using the strategy of (think - marry – share ) in learning another skill and also apply it to different age stages and games.

Most athletes suffer from injuries that are usually followed by a decrease in the angles of the range of motion of the ankle joint, where this decrease is due to the impact of injury or surgery after injury, as limit of the ankle joint resulting from various injuries is the most common among other joints of the body because the ankle is the most complex which puts a major obstacle to the player's return and participation in sports and games. Therefore, the researchers have set their goals in designing a scientific device with advanced technology and with the contribution of sports exercises in a treatment that determines movement and restores the ankle joint to work in its normal position. The research sample consisted of (18) athletes who have limit in ankle joint with detailed identification and who have been officially registered in the Department of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy in Baghdad Governorate. The researchers used the experimental approach to design equal groups by pre and post testing. One of the most important conclusions is the ability of the device to measure the angles of the ankle joint in all directions and give accurate readings, which helped follow the stages Rehabilitation. The results showed improvement in research variables, range of motion angles.

Our sports field is witnessing in the current stage a wide scientific renaissance for all sports activities, including athletics, which all aspects of this scientific renaissance are witnessing thanks to the benefit from various research and studies and stands at the forefront of which is the research of sports training science, which is concerned with developing functional, physical, skill and planning competence. The activity of 5000 meters of racing is considered the most vital as it was encouraged in most of the world. Performance of 5000m race requires coaches to use non-traditional training methods and means that contribute to raising the functional and physical levels in a way that suits the activity requirements because relying on known methods has become insufficient to raise the level of performance as required. Therefore, the research used complex exercises to raise the level in order to identify the changes that occur among runners. The research aims to Identify the effect of compound exercises on the maximum oxygen consumption and achievement of 5000-meter runner.
The researchers used the experimental method to design the two equal groups and determined the research community in the clubs of Babel Governorate for the 5000-meter race.

The researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the nature and problem of the research. The research aimed to find out the relationship between (some physical abilities to the level of achievement of the smash serving skill). The research studied the explosive power of the muscles of the legs and some basic parts for the implementation of serving skill in a volleyball. As for the researcher hypothesized that there was a statistically significant relationship between the research variables. The research was conducted on a sample of (20) players among intermediate school teams in volleyball. After the tests were carried out, they were treated statistically using the laws of (arithmetic mean - standard deviation - coefficient of correlation between each of the explosive strength of the muscles of the lower limbs with some parts of the smash serving .The researcher concluded to the emergence of a statistically significant correlation in all the variables of the research . Finally, the researcher recommended :
1.The necessity of using the scientific method in training the explosive force and raising a program to strengthen the physical fitness in line with the level of the top teams and knowledge of their development. 2.Conducting a similar study looking for the relationship of the explosive force of the upper limbs and the muscles of the trunk in addition to the muscles of the lower limbs to find out the relationship of those muscles and their effect on the skill of the smash serving .

The use of exercises for the (educational training) methods of assistance developed and modern technology, which is in line with the development that the world is witnessing in the field of training and education, is of great importance in developing the basic skills of handball among junior students of education and training in the Specialized School of Handball in Basra Governorate. The researcher found there was a failure in learning and training and a lack of interest in learning basic handball skills in specialized schools through the researcher's experience of being a trainer and teacher of the subject (handball). He found that there is weakness and difficulty in performing basic handball skills. Therefore, the researcher decided to use educational aids. The research sample consisted of the specialized school players, whose number (30) players for the season (2019/2020).The tests were conducted in the hall of the Directorate of Education (Sports Activity), and the sample was selected by the intentional method, where the researcher used the experimental by one group with the test (post-pre-test). The Specialized School (20) for the (2019/2020) season, and the tests were conducted in the Hall of the Education Directorate(Sports activity). The sample was chosen by the intentional method, where the researcher used the experimental method in the one-group method with the pre-test .The research sample consisted of (20) players from the specialized school by (8) weeks. The curriculum was applied .The researcher concluded that there was a positive development of special exercises in performing the two skills of shooting from the top and handling from shoulder level with the hand ball that the researcher followed.

The study aimed to identify the extent of the practice of sports activities officials (for self-management, administrative creativity), and the relationship between self-management and administrative creativity in managing the work of activities officials for sports activities within the university. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method for its suitability to the nature of the study. The research sample consisted of (22) officials for Sports activities at Nahrain University, and researchers also used the questionnaire as a tool to collect data, and among the results were that sports officials practice self-management relatively well through the axes of planning, time management, self-confidence, balance and communication, as well as they practice administrative creativity with a relatively good degree in their management of their work through the axes of originality, flexibility, risk, and fluency, as there is a positive correlation between the degree of self-management practice and administrative creativity, which indicates the existence of a comparative complementary relationship between them. The researchers recommended the necessity of providing officials of sports activities at Nahrain University with what is new in the field of self-management by holding courses and seminars in which sports officials participate in the purpose of developing sporting activity in all its aspects at the university because of its positive impact on administrative creativity due to the correlative relationship between them, and the emphasis on the management of the student activities department at the university to set future goals when preparing the annual curriculum for sports activities and participating in university sports tournaments.

The research aims to identify the effect of training of five-a-side courts on developing some special skill aspects of football junior players. The researcher used the experimental method using two groups, one experimental and the other control using pre and post measurement. The research sample included (18) players who were divided into two groups, one of them experimental (9) junior players and the other control (9) junior players. A positive impact on developing the level of some of the basic skills under study.