Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science

We isolate and identified pathogenic bacteria from samples of drinking water which supplied to the citizens in five different sectors in salahdeen pvovince : samara، al-dour, al-alam, al-ouja,and hammad shihab village. The duration of this study about five monthes from January up to June 2008. We use the technique of membarane filters because it was agood techuique and give accuriced results. in this technique the samples of water concentrate so there was an ability to isolate bacterial species which presented in these samples in any numbers، so we garntee that we have accuried results. inthis study we concentrate upon pathogenic bacteria which have bad influency on health especially acute dirrehae which transfered by water.we wisolate the bacterial species as below :
Esherichia coli، Enterobacter aerogenes، Shigella sp، Salmonella sp، Klebsiella sp، Pseudomonus sp، Aeromonus sp، and Vibrio cholera.

This study was conducted to investigate the role of alcoholic and watery extract of clove on the invitro Inhibition if staphylococcus aureus , which were Isolated from acute bovine mastitis and the therapeutic role of these extract in mammary gland of mice which were used as animal model in experimental infection design. Inorder to study the pathogensis of these Isolates and their role on acut mastitis study included the therapeutic effect of watery extract of clove in the Mammary gland infection compared with the positive group (mice injected withs staph . aureus without treatment) .The watery extract of clove dissolved in water (300) mg /ml showed highly Inhibition effect on stuph . aureus growth in vitro so its gave ( 53.3) mm inhibition zone while the alcoholic extract which dissolved in water showed the lowest effect with (35 ) mm zone by the same concentration at (300)mg/ml . study inclued also the therapeutic effect of daily orally treatment dose 100mg /ml of watery extract of clove in the patgogensis of staph.aureus in these treatment period continous (30) day after 48hr of injection 125cfu/ml in mice in addition to use positive control group (mice injected with staph . aureus with out any treat ment) , clinical signs were shown side effect of clove extract after 15 day of treatment . histological study showed the role of clove extract it’s the same as histopathologcal changes in compared with the negative control and the mammary gland of these animal showed negative growth for staph.aureus.

This study was conducted to compare the inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria and its filtrate which were concentrated two times and half non-concentrated filtrate with some antibiotics which used usually as therapeutic against Staphylococcus aureus growth. Three lactic acid bacteria isolates were obtained for this goal from microbiology dept. laboratory, Vet. College - Baghdad university and these three isolates were lactobacillus casei (v1), L. casei (v2) and L. fermentatum.Sixty hundred and two milk samples were collected from 358 cows infected with acute and sub clinical mastitis distributed between Zob'aa village in Abu-Ghraib and Al-Naser station of cows in Al-sewera city. Samples were cultured on blood base agar and Manittol salt agar, biochemical tests were performed to ensuring the results of diagnosis Diagnostic study depending upon morphological, cultural and biochemical tests yielded the isolation of 173 staphylococcus aureus isolate.The susceptibility tests showed that S. aureus isolates varied on their sensitivity towards antibiotics, all these isolates were found to be resistante by the percentage 100% to Ampicillin,Lincomycine and vancomycin and 94,8%, 47,4% to pencillin-G and chloromphenicol respectively while these isolates were found to be susceptible 100%, 90,75%, 76,88%, 72,26% and 71,1% to ciprofloxacin, Kanamycin, Gentamycin, Sulfatri metheprime and tetracycline respectively. The three Isolates of lactic acid bacteria varied on their inhibitory effect against S. aureus Isolates L. casei (v1) showed their inhibitory effect against S. aureus isolates which were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, Gantamycin, Sulfa tri metheprime, Tetracycline, Penicillin-G, Chloramphenicol with inhabitation zone of 13mm while the zone increase to 18mm with the same isolates L. casei (v1) against S. aureus which resist to antibiotics except Ciprofloxacin. L. casei (v2) gave inhibitory zone of 19mm against S. aureus isolates sensitive to antibiotics and 20mm for S. aureus isolates resist to antibiotics isolates of L. fermentum differed in their inhibitory effect between observed effect 15mm against S. aureus which were sensitive antibiotics to more effect against the same isolates 17mm which were resist to antibiotics. Filtration of lactic acid bacteria isolates growth showed good inhibitory effect range between 18-20mm against S. aureus which were sensitive to antibiotics and 19-22mm against the same isolates which were resist to antibiotics.Concentration filtrate of lactic acid bacteria showed an increase of the inhibitory zone (23,24,23) mm for L. casei(v1), L. casei(v2), and L. fermentum respectively after concentrated in compare with (19,22,20)mm before concentrated.

This study aims at collecting umbilical cord blood from infants in Al-Ramadi city. It estimates some of the cellular and biochemical blood criteria and achieves immunological tests to find specific antibodies for some pathogenic cases in addition to the study of chromosomal form for the lymphocytes.
The results showed the following:
 Blood tests: Hb concentration decreased in cord blood it reaches the mean 13.25 gm/dl , ESR increased at 13.71mm/hr , PCV increased at mean 49.2% , WBC increased at the mean 12600 cell/mm3. Neutrophile increased at the mean 36.6 %. Basophile , Acidophile ,monocyte, decreased at the mean respectively 0.02,0.18,0.48%.While lymphocytes increased at the mean 60.5%.
 Biochemical tests: Cholestrol decreased at the mean 74.5%. Blood sugar also decreased at the mean 75.2mg/dl.Total proteins and albumine decreased at the mean 6.23gm/dl and 4.12gm/dl. Transaminases activity GOT,GPT increased at 41.32 U/L and 38.18 U/L.Bilirubin increased at the mean 1.57 mg/dl. Creatine decreased at the mean 8.77 mg/dl. Urea increased at 30.36 mg/dl.
 Electrophoresis:There were certain differences in the proteins patterns of the serum of the cord blood and the mothers serums as well.

A total of 100 swab samples were obtained from patients suffering from wound infection. The isolates were identified using different microscopical cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Final identification of gram negative bacteria were performed by using API 20 E system. The most common bacteria isolates was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37.64 %) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (23.52%). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. (14.11%) each of them. Followed by Proteus mirabilis (8.23%), finally Enterococcus faecalis and Serratia marcesence (1.17%) each of them.Sensitivity of the isolates to antibiotic leveled high resistance to Amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, Gentamicin and Tobramycin. To less extent was the resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, Cefepime, imipenem, norfloxacin, P-ofloxacin and Azitromycin. Combination of EDTA and ceftazidime gave interesting results against the local bacterial isolates.It was concluded from this study the possibility of using a combination of Ceftazidime with EDTA to treat infected wounds with high success rate.

Twenty Four isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified. The isolates were 8(33%) from wound infections, 16(66%) isolates from burn infections. The sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was been tested against (10) antibiotics showed isolates version resistance with different percentage against antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited (100%) resistance to Ampicillin. While percentages of resistance to Cefixime and Ceftazidime were (95.8%) and (79%) respectively. Resistance percentages to Tobramycin, Piperacillin, Norfloxacillin, Ciprofloxacin were (41.6%), (20.8%), (20.8%) and (4%) respectively. All isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were highly sensitive (100%) to Aztronam, Imipenem, Cefepime. The optimum conditions for protease production were in LB medium with a pH (8) after (48) hrs of incubation at (35) Cº. Purification of the protease was done using ion exchange chromatography DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration with sephadex G-100. Molecular weight of the purified protease was measured by sephadex G-100 and it was found to be around (21379) Dalton. The optimum temperature of enzyme activity was (35) Cº. However, the pH (8) was for activity and stability of this enzyme. Zn++ and Ca++ ions may play a role in the enhancement and stability of the enzyme. Enzyme activity was not inhibited in the presence of reducing agent such as Cysteine, but it was inhibited in the presence of EDTA.

This research included a study about the pollution of environment that out came from public efficiencies and humanity activities on the quality and context of Euphrates river from the Ramadi entrance city to its end in Falluja city involving Habbanyah and Therthar lakes. This study included some bacterial pollution involving the Total Plate Count of the aerobic microbes in addition to isolation and identification of some bacteria that present in the Euphrates river and Habbanyah and Therthar lakes and Dissolved Oxygen and the rate of Biological Oxygen Demand. The results have shown an average allowable values of dissolved oxygen were (7.7) mg/L and (4.67) mg/L the biological oxygen demand which was exceeded the allowable values average.
Microbial study showed that the total aerobic bacteria which have recorded different results as it reached aminimum levels in some sites (F1 station (70 C\Cm3) and maximum levels in others (F2 station) (314×104 C\Cm3). The results of isolation and identification of bacteria have shown the presence of the follwing genera :Enterobacter (24، (%Klebsiella Pneumoniae (17.6 %(، Pseudomonas spp (16.2%)، Citrobacter (12.5%)، Escherichia coli (12.1%)، Proteus mirabilis ) 5.5)، Salmonella spp (5%) Shigella spp (3.7%)، Flavimonas Oryzihabitas) 2.8%) . Enterobacter spp was the dominant genus compared with others bacteria have indicated surely the organic and microbial pollutions of the Euphrates water at the studied sites.

Extraction and purification were Nicotine alkaloid from leaves of tobacco plant Nicotiana tobacum medical use of some of the ways in diagnostic spectral IR, UV , TLC, Melting point and examined some of the chemical study of the impact of their effectiveness have been against some bacteria, the specter of disease and measure the inhibition of the effectiveness of this compound in addition to the abstract knowledge of the influence of the tobacco plant to the water, the results showed the superiority of Nicotine alkaloid extracted water to plant tobacco, and all concentrated on all types of bacteria . Gave the highest composite zone to discourage the amount of 25 mm to focus 50 mg / ml of Pseudomonas bacteria, while the less zone to discourage the concentration 1 mg / ml and 2 mm of the bacteria Staphylococcus and E. coli.

A total of 467 fish of Khishni, Liza abu (Heckel,1843( were collected to study their natural diets and its seasonal variation. Four stations at Tigris River between Wana (Nynawa) at North and Al- Zaafaraniya South of Baghdad; had been chosen for this research. The research showed, that fishes mainly consumed plant (51.8%) and fewer animals in origin materials (18.7%), proving that it is an omnivores fish. Green and blue green algae ranked first (19.6%, 15.6%, 22.1%) in the diet of fish during the study period, followed by diatoms (15.4%, 17.0%, 18.9%) and insects with their larvae (11.7%, 10.6%, 9.0%), while detritus ranked forth according to volumetric (V%), occurrence (O%) methods of analysis and ranking index respectively. Sand occupied about a quarter of the stomach volume during the study period, but wasn't treated as a diet.
Fish were found consuming green and blue green algae (17.9%, 27.2%, and 33.1%), followed by diatoms and insects with their larvae during spring, however it mainly depended on algae (15.5%, 16.6%, 18.0%), diatom and zooplanktons during summer. Diatoms ranked first (18.5%, 17.5%, 21.6%) during autumn, followed by insects and algae, while algae came first during winter (14.3%, 20.2%, 21.3%), followed by detritus and diatoms this time.
Green and blue green algae (19.7%, 21.7%, 26.5%), diatoms and insects larvae were the first three items in the diet of L. abu from north of Sammura barrage. Whereas, algae (16.7%, 18.1%, and 21.8%), diatoms and detritus were the main diet of fish from the south of Sammura, The research also showed that, the two length groups of fish (less and more than 150mm) almost consumed the same food. Algae ranked first in diets of the two groups (20.9%, 20.2%, 21.3%) and (28.2%, 17.8%, 27.0%) respectively according to the above three methods of analysis.

A total of 401 fish belonging to four fish species were collected from the Euphrates River near Ash-Shamiyah (40km west of Ad-Dewaniyah). These fish were Hemrri, Barbus (Carasobarbus) luteus (Heckel, 1843) Khishni, Liza abu (Heckel, 1843), Lassaf, Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843 and Carassuan carp Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758). The stomach contents of the fish were evaluated by using ranking index (%R), occurrence method (%O) and approximate volumetric method (%V). The study showed that detritus (plant in origin) (56.84%, 25.34%& 42.84%), sand, zooplanktons and green & blue green algae were the main food items taken by L. abu, according to above methods respectively. Plant in origin materials formed 69.46% of fish consumed diet according to ranking index. On other hand, Barbus luteus was found mainly feeding on aquatic plants (31.44%, 15.15% & 30.0%), as well as detritus and zooplanktons. The fish was also found to have a greater plant in origin diet (71.36%). The study showed that zooplankton ranked first in the foregut contents of Alburnus caeruleus. It formed 25.20%, 22.64% and 18.25% of fish diet; it came with close percentages with detritus and sand. Plant in origin materials formed 45.62% of fish diet, according to ranking index, i.e. it's an omnivorous fish. Carassius carassius were also an omnivorous fish. Detritus ranked first in its foregut contents (39.35%, 16.56% and 31.59%), followed by sand, green and blue green algae, plant tissues and zooplanktons in close percentages, according to the above three methods of analysis respectively. Plant in origin materials formed 61.32% of fish diets. Sand as a food was not assessed in this study.

The results of this study which is the first in the Kirkuk city showed that there are a high bacterial content in the samples which obtained from some organs of chicken which slaughtered randomly not on Islamic law ( Halal) {(muscle, spleen, heart)}, while the results showed appearance 100× 105 cell/ml in the plates which inoculated with blood sample of same chickens. In comparison with same sample of chickens which slaughtered according to Islamic law, which did not appeared any bacterial growth in the cultivated plates except appearance of 60 colony (20 × 105) cell/ gm after 72 hour of incubation of spleen and muscle samples. These last results may be due to contamination during the work and registed in the results to preserve the scientific integrity. From the samples of chickens slaughtered randomly not on Islamic law, different gram positive and gram negative bacterial species were isolated and identified ( Staphylococcus. aureus ( 5) 19.2% , Staphylococcus. albus ( 5) 19.2% , Klebsiella spp. ( 7) 26.9% , E.coli (5) 19.2% , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3) 11.5% , Enterobacter spp. (1) 3.8%). The results indicated that the most bacterial isolates possessed multiple antibiotics resistance, in spite of the appearance of pseudomonas aeruginosa in the muscle and spleen of chickens slaughtered according to Islamic law, this result may be due to contamination during the work. These results were confirmed due to the same sensitivity results of the isolates to the same antibiotic Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and approximately in same inhibition zone and resistant to other antibiotics which used in this study.

Pots experiment was conducted under normal conditions GA3 used in 4 levels: (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/l) while the organic fertilizer used in 3 levels: (0, 72, 144 gm/pot). Complete Randomized Design was used with three replicates.
Results showed the following:
1- Treatment of GA3 (25 mg/l) gave high values in plant height (44.6 cm/plant), leaf area (20.1 cm2 /plant), dry weight (2.2 gm/plant), branch no/plant (4.1), chlorophyll content (4.8 mg/gm), starch in grains (66.4 %), and protein in grains (12.9 %).
2- Treatment of 144 gm/pot organic fertilizer gave the highest value in: dry weight (2.3 gm/plant), branch/plant (4.3), chlorophyll content (5.2 mg/gm), protein in grains (13.1 %).
3- The interaction between treatments of GA3 (25 mg/l) and 144 gm/plant organic fertilizer gave significant values compared with other treatments such are: plant height (46.5 cm), leaf area (21.9 cm2/plant), dry weight (2.6 gm/plant), branch no/plant (5 branch), chlorophyll content (5.8 mg/gm), starch in grains (70.5 %), protein in grains (16 %), grains/spike (32 grain), weight of 1000 grains (28.2 gm) and grains yield/pot (10.8 gm).

This study was carried out to test the resistant of three different plastics towards biodegradation. Thes plastics are polyvinyl chloride(PVC) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) which are used currently in the insulation of cables, and the resin of polyester (UPE) Three different types of bacteria (Staphylococcus , Pseudo aeraginosa Escheriohia coil)were planted on plastics in different soils of Anbar (Saqlawiyeh , ramadi , Qaeim) . The biodegradation was followed via the decreace in the overall weight and the molecular weight due to the chains scision and the shift in the functional groups using (FT– IR) and(I.R, UV), and the depression in the viscosities . Microscope was also use to follow the surface corrosion . The result obtaind indicate that the pvc give the highest resistant tawards biodegradation , and the resistant of the three plastics follow the sequencep;- (PVC > UPE > PE) .The nature of the soil had also not played a role in the stability of the plastics useds in this research

This research include study about the contamination of environment that outcome from public efficiencies and humanity activities on the quality and context of Euphrates river in Ramadi and Falluja. The physical study showed that the turbidity, electrical conductivity exceeding the allowable values. The Total suspended solids within the allowable values.The Chemical study showed that the river has neutral properties tended to slightly basic. Total hardness, Calcium and Magnesium were exceeded allowable values ,while bicarbonate Within the allowable values. It was noted that the values of Sodium and Potassium was high but did not exceed the allowablevalues, Iron average was Within the allowable values.The study has shown that sulphate ion values was exceed the allowable values, while the average for chloride ions fluoride , sulphide within the allowable values . It was also noted that the concentration of Heavy metals and Trace elements were within the allowable values, except for Lead and Cadmium and copper was exceed the allowable values in some study sites.

A low cost metal replacement method has been used to determine the optimum conditions for silver recovery in photographic fixer received from different clinics. The chosen experimental parameters and their range were (i) pH 3- 5, (ii) reaction time 1-7 days, (iii) different metals and metal alloys and (iv) suitable acid at concentration 10% (in weight). The silver concentration in the manageable fixer solution should be ≤ 5 mg/ L. The method by using these optimum conditions is particularly suited for treating the fixer solution in a manner which enables to considerable reduction in cost of silver recovery and reduced environmental pollution.

In this research, We produce ceramic filling by Iraqi material 100%.By use for the first time, Al-Najaf sand by ratio 30% and Kaolinitic 45%, Silica 25%, glass crach 5%.In chemical reaction for acid and gases factories which used that to putting the filling to increasing which reaction surface catalysts and part of that is Amonia production factories and acid phosphor production which used in industrial alimentative. Add for that ,Its used for analysis and filter oil. Through using special weight from main material after grind with chosen grine size which helped to increasing for production and thats will be increasing for reaction speed. For this pieces produce same property for import forgien and by low coasted which saving dollars to the country.

This research concerned with the study of the oxidiation reactris of some natural products as : whey, Dates Al – Zahidi , Treacle , starch of corn , Banana and water melon , with some oxidizing agent like: conc . nitric acid , in the presence of V2O5 as catalyst ( at room temperature ) and permanganate ion in acidic medium .The results obtained indicate clearly , that oxalic acid is the major product during oxidiation of natural products with conc . nitric acid in the presence of V2O5 as catalyst , liquid N2O4 also obtained as a side product . while mucic acid is obtained as a major product when we used permanganate ion as oxidizing agent . The products were identified by spectroscopic methods and thin layer chromatography ( T.L.C )

In this work a study was carried out to estimate the ability of Attapulgite clay as a new adsorbent for adsorption and removal of Methylene Blue dye from aqueous solutions. At first, the batch method was used to determine the best adsorption ratio from the concentration used of Methylene Blue dye between (50-10 mg/L), and the result show that the best concentration of dye was (10 mg/L) and the adsorption ratio was (86.28%). The shaking time that it equal to (35 min.) and the best pH value that give better adsorption ratio was (8). The effect of temperature and thermodynamic functions wear also studied and found that the adsorption ratio was increased with increased the temperature and the reaction was endothermic. After fixing the best conditions for the adsorption, the column method was used and the adsorption ratio was equal to (88.16%).

A concentration of uranium was measured in this study for seventeen samples of soil distributed in three Sulphuric Spring addition other regions as a back ground on the Hit City in AL-Anbar Governorate. The uranium concentrations in soil samples measured by using fission tracks registration in (CR-39) track detector that caused by the bombardment of Uranium nuclei (U) with thermal neutrons from (241 Am-Be) neutron source that has flux of (5 ×103 n cm-2 s-1).
The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples. The results shows that the uranium concentrations in first spring varies from (1.564- 2.253 ppm), second sprin (1.797-1.979 ppm), while in third spring are (1.964-2.518 ppm), and the average uranium concentration in other regions (1.572ppm). The conclusionshows that the uranium concentration in Sulphuric Spring is relatively higher than back ground.

The distribution and thermal absorption for many materials have large impotents in the manufactures, which depends upon the transfers of the heat such that the nuclear reactors and any manufactures used the thermal properties. This study depends on the finite deference method for cross section of regulars shape from the test materials .The alternating direction iterative technique and the boundary value problem used in this research. The advantage of this type of study in spite of primary solution, used the conduction equation in any type of conductors. The results compare relatively with curves results of program MUTTR which obtains from reference (1).

In this paper thin films of ZnS dopped with cupper has been prepared using thermal chemical spray pyrolysis at (623)K and pressure of (1.2)bar. The optical properties of these films have been measured in the rang (300-900)nm ,different optical properties has shown different behaviour as the wavelength in reuses as explained in the text .

Thin films of Cu(In1-xAlx)S2 have been prepared using chemical spray pyrolysis method as a function of the concentration [where (x=0,0.1,0.2,....,1)] with thickness (0.55±0.05 μm) at substrate temperature of 300 °c , through the study of X-ray diffraction we found the prepared thin films have polycrystalline and chalcopyrite structure with tetragonal arrangement, and preferred orientation along (112) direction, The absorptance spectra have been recorded for wavelength range (200_1100 nm) were used to calculate the absorption coefficient and optical energy gap , and the electronic transition were found of the allowed direct type and value of energy gap for CuInS2 equal 1.52 ev at x=0 and equal 3.20 ev for CuAlS2 at x=1 ,whereas the absorption coefficient values be (104-105 cm-1) in all prepared thin films,through the absorption coefficient and absorption edge we calculated the value of the electrical conductivity that equal 6.893 and 3.273 (Ω.cm)-1 and value of resistively for prepared films that equal 0.145 and 0.305 (Ω.cm) for CuInS2 and CuAlS2 respectively.

Tully – Fisher relation is a tool to study mass – luminosity relation for all galaxies and other properties , the spiral galaxies was studied by this relation can use as standard candle to measure the distance for far and fast objects that turn aside from Hubble line. But somebody make doupt about this relation for far than 200Mph and high velocities because the hardly widening of the 21 cm line from HI atom, so we use the LEDA web site, that having more than 3 million objects with its data, to prove the correct of this relation even for the more distance by finding the little standard devation , slope and other veraibles that deal with mass and luminosity.

The importance of the gravitational lens in cosmology and astronomy, and a brief historical review for the evolution of the gravitational lenses have been introduced. The effective parameters are determined by using the geometrical model of the Point mass gravitational lens. A study of the effective strength of the geometrical distances, the source and the lens distances, the distance between the lens and the source, and the impact parameter in the distance from the source to the image. By using the variation of the image distance with respect to the geometrical distance. We concluded that the strengths effect of these parameters approaching zero at very large distances, except that of the distance between the lens and the source, which seems to be constant. This kind of behavior has been explained.

The studied springs are aligned along on south zone of Euphrates river from western desert. In this study by using analysis chemical of spring water in order to use to get Hydrochemical parameters are used in this study when was used to the hydrochemical parameter of spring water to show hydrodynamic activity of water was high so that hydrocarbon accumulation was little that been known can to use this water in irrigation jobs and human activity, agriculture accumulation building in this desert.

The sediment pollution consider one of the negative effects to the river by entrance of many quantities of loose sediment carried by the water then stay in the channel at the bottom and banks caused the river islands with many negative effects such as the narrow and shallow of the channel , as it happened in Tigris River now, we used the remote Sensing techniques to study that effect within period of many years. Three case study chosen in north and middle and south of Tigris river course. using satellite records and historical maps we get the sequence of maps in different periods and by matching to gather and by mechanism of sediment we get the exact regions of growing island and the threaten places that maybe in future covered by sediments.Tigris river now in bad condition by the increase of sediment in the channel because of The low level of discharge and the great possibility to narrowing of channel in some places its decrease with 62% and the increase the total number of islands and their areas.We give suggestion to remove the sediment from the channel and give sudden Discharge huge quantities of water from the dams to push out the cumulative sediment there.

Approximation of Fractional objective function one of methods to solve Fractional linear programming problems(F.L.P.P.) using steps and Approximation of objective function.
In this paper we development of this method (new methods to solve To Solve FLP)

In this search, Shrinkage Estimator has been studied for a Single Observation in N(θ,V) problem when variance is unknown. We proved that there is a relationship between Shrinkage Estimator and Normal Bayes Estimator. properties of this Shrinkage Estimator, Risk Function, optimal cases, Shrinkage Estimators when variance more than one, Shrinkage Estimators when variance less than one, two theorems have been put into focus.

The present study was designed to find out the usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in differentiating bacterial from non-bacterial meningitis in children below 5 year of age. A total of 177 patients who were admitted to the AL-Ramadi Maternity and children hospital, AL-Anbar, Iraq During a period of one year ( from 1st.November / 2007 to 1st.November 2008), for diagnosis and treatment of meningitis were included in the study. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from patients by lumbar puncture (LP) for diagnosis. Levels of LDH were measured spectrophotometrically in Randox commercially prepared kits and compared in bacterial, non-bacterial meningitis and controls.The study revealed that only 24 cases have meningitis. Bacterial meningitis present in 19(79%) . Of them 11(46%) with positive culture and 8(33%) with negative culture (partially treated), while the remaining 5(21%) were found to be non-bacterial cases. The study concluded that measurement of LDH levels in CSF is beneficial in differentiating bacterial from non-bacterial meningitis since it was significantly increased in bacterial meningitis.

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of nitrazepam (NZP) in pharmaceutical tablets. The method was based on oxidative coupling organic reaction of reduced NZP with pyrocatechol in the presence of ferric sulfate to form red water soluble product with maximum absorbance at 510 nm. The reaction conditions were studied and optimized. The linear range for the determination of NZP, and the detection limit were 1– 24 µg mL-1 and 0.698 µg mL-1, respectively. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the determination of NZP in pharmaceutical tablets. A statistical comparison of these results with those obtained by the British pharmacopoeia procedure using the Student t-test and variance ratio F-test shows a good agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision at the 95% confidence

A study was conducted to determine the differences in the adsorption - desorption behavior of picloram [4-amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid], which is an ionic herbicide on six agricultural soil samples. Employing linearized versions of three kinetic models, namely first-order, Elovich, and power function equations, data from batch equilibrium method revealed that the adsorption - desorption of picloram on the selected soil samples followed the first order rate law. Linear and Freundlich models were used to describe the adsorption of the pesticide. Wide variation in adsorption affinities of the soils to the pesticides was observed, Kd values for picloram varied between 1.406 and 2.151 mlg-1 and KF for picloram between 1.078 and 1.189 mlg-1 for adsorption processes. The value of Kd and KFranged from 0.439 to 0.625 mlg-1, 1.045 to 1.585 mlg-1 respectively for the desorption processes. The desorption processes exhibited with the percent 26.4-94.3% these percentage from adsorbed, as compared to adsorption processes percentage is 16.8-56.9 %.
Considering the experimental ko / ko'= keq, the agreement in the compactions is quite satisfactory. It indicates to a good approximation that adsorption in the systems studied may be viewed as a reaction in which a solute molecule collides with an adsorption site to form the adsorption complex, the desorption constant ko' vary by more than an order of magnitude. The large difference in the equilibrium adsorption arise mainly from the difference in the rate of desorption. Values of Ko by using Bigger equilibrium constant for desorption of picloram on selected soil samples were in the following from 2.673 to 11.395. All desorption isotherms exhibited hysteresis. Higher desorption hystersis (picloram was less readily desorbed).

A simple rapid and accurate flow injection inhibitory chemiluminescence method has been developed for the determination of adrenaline hydrochloride based on its inhibition of the chemiluminescence from the luminol – potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) system. The linear range of determination is 8.0  10-12 – 8.0  10-10 mgl-1 for adrenaline hydrochloride and the detection limit is 4.0  10-9 g ml-1. The method has been applied to determine the content of adrenaline in pharmaceutical preparation with satisfactory results.

The condensation of formaldehyde with propane-1,3-diamine gave four products depending on the conditions of the reaction of them dimer, trimer, tetramer and pentamer of N,N΄-bis(methylene)propane-1,3-diamine products (CH2=NCH2CH2CH2N=CH2). Their structures were determined by MS, elemental analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy methods. The structure of the pentamer was additionally determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.

This study included synthesis of Schiff base ligands (2-hydroxy-benzylidene)- thiourea = (L1), (2-hydroxy-benzylidene)- urea = (L2) , the ligands were prepared from reaction (2-hydroxy-benzylidene ) with urea or thiourea. Metal complexes of these ligands with some of transition metal ions Cr+3, Mo+5 and W+6 have been prepared and characterized by their (C.H.N) elemental analysis, IR, UV-VIS, atomic absorption, Molar conductivity measurements and melting points. From the result probable structures of the prepared complexes were proposed .Also includes, the study of biological effect for these complexes on four deferent pathogenic species: (Streptococcus paecalies, Staphylococcus aureus),(Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Peneumonia). The first and second species are Gram positive while the other are Gram negative (by using agar well diffusion method). Finally,it was found that compounds show different activity of inhibition on growth of the bacteria.

This paper describes simple rules that can minimize the uncertainties in explaining the process of finding the hybridization of a p-block central atom and the geometrical structure in a covalent molecule or an ion. The current rules to predict the hybridization and geometrical structure are based on Lewis’s structure, Pauli’s principle, covalent bond theories and the VSEPR model. This is a practical and easy way used by teachers and students.

Acetylenic amine (N,N-Bis propargy piperazine) were synthesized and diagnosed in spectroscopic method (Uv-visibl and IR) and (C.H.N) analysis. Preparing and studying new complexes by using ligand that from acetylenic amine which using this purpose at the first time with metal chlorides (Mo+3, Cr+5,W+6, Fe+3). Studying of complexes by using suitable methods have been diagnosed in Uv-Visible, IR, Magnetic susceptibility , atomic absorption ,electric conductivity measurement and molar ratio, all result obtained from different techniques above which were found that their corresponding with the proposed structures for the prepared complexes . Complexes appeared liquid crystal properties therefore they have been studied careful (∆H, ∆S) of liquid crystal stages for both changes calculated which were found that their corresponding with the data in literature.

In this reaction new derivatives for Ttrimetheprim compound, which have high medicinal effectiveness, was prepared by the interaction of its coupling diazonium salt with some substituted phenol compounds (2-naphthol, 4-bromo phenol, 2,5-dimethoxy phenol ,2,4-dinitro phenol , 3-chloro phenol.Chemical structures of all products were confirmed by photometric methods such as U.V. visible and FTIR.The biological activities was also examined for these compounds.Gram + ve bacteria (bacillus), Gram–ve bacteria (E-Coli) and fungi (Aspiringussb)

The donor properties of the amino acid Methionine CH3 SCH2 CH2 CH (NH2) COOH (HMt), were investigated for a number of transition Metal Ions , Co(Π ) , Ni(Π ) , Cu(Π), Zn( Π ) , Cd(Π ) , Hg( Π) , Pb (Π ) .Methionine behaves as on anionic ligand (Mt)and generally forms neutral complexes , M" Mt2 the metal attains its usual higher coordination number by linking with the( N) atom of – NH2 group and with one or both the(O) atom of the – COO- group .In these complexes the ( S) atom of the –S CH2 group is still available for coordination. To help in the structural study of Methionine complexes a number of complexes were prepared and investigated .The effect of Methionine with detoxic (Pb, Hg, Cd ) on Glutathione s- Transfers and MDA were investigated.

Thin films of Cd¬x¬Pb¬1-x S were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis with (x=0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1).The optical properties of prepared thin films were studied by UV-VIS spectrophotomer . From the measurement of absorption and transmission, the optical parameters and the optical energy gap (Eg) were calculated. The optical energy gap (Eg) was increased with increasing the value of Cd from 1.2 eV when x=0.6 to 2.4 eV when x=1. The maximum value of refractive index (n) is equal to 2.5 and the maximum value of extinction coefficient is varied between 0.2 to 0.45 depending on the value of x. The film with x=0.7 was doped by Ag in the ratio 1%,3% and 5% . The film after dopping have a direct energy gap also and the value of Eg were increased with increasing (Ag) ratio, these values increased from 1.2 eV for absent Ag to 1.74 eV for 5% Ag.

In this paper we shall prove that if a non-constant meromorphic function and its derivative share the value CM (IM) and if ( ), then either or ( ), where and are constants. These results give improvement and extension of the following result of Gundersen: if a non-constant meromorphic function and its derivative share two distinct values CM, then

Differential Operators (Gradient, Laplacian and Biharmonic) have been used to determine anomaly characteristics using theoretical gravity field for spherical bodies with different depths, radius and density contrasts. The intersection between the gravity field and the three differential operator's fields could be used to estimate the depth to the center of the spherical bodies regardless their different radius, depths and density contrasts. The Biharmonic Operator has an excellent result, were two zero closed contours lines produced. The diameter of the internal closed zero contour line define almost precisely the depth to the center of spherical bodies. This is an attempt to use such technique to estimate depths. Also, the Biharmonic Operator has very sensitivity to resolve hidden small anomaly due the effect of large neighborhood anomaly, the 2nd derivative Laplacian Filter could reveal these small anomaly but the Biharmonic Operator could indicate the exact depth. The user for such technique should be very care to the accuracy of digitizing the data due to the high sensitivity of Biharmonic Operator.The validity of the method is tested on field example for salt dome in United States and gives a reasonable depth result.

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is commonly used as a measure of land surface greenness based on the assumption that NDVI value is positively proportional to the amount of green vegetation in an image pixel area. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data set of Landsat based on the remote sensing information is used to estimate the area of plant cover in region west of Baghdad during 1990-2001. The results show that in the period of 1990 and 2001 the plant area in region of Baghdad increased from (44760.25) hectare to (75410.67) hectare. The vegetation area increased during the period 1990-2001, and decreases the exposed area.

Radiation exposure rates and radiation doses were measured in 174 locations in the Western Desert. Exposure rates were measured 1m above the ground with NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. Total radiation doses due to external exposure to the ambient gamma ray in the same previous locations were measured with FAG-FH 40 F2. The radioactivity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in selected soil and rocks samples were measured using gamma spectroscopy system based on high purity Germanium detector. Then, absorbed doses due to presence of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the samples were estimated. The exposure rates ranged between (5.0-71.7) μR/h, while the average of radiation dose due to the exposure to ambient gamma ray ranged between (0.7-3.32) mSv/y. Doses due to expose to the concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the soil and rocks of the Western Desert were calculated. The average of these exposure doses ranged between (0.03-1.84)mSv/y.

Many Areas in Science and industrial applications requires huge computation power that is must achieve the desired level of computation. The field of distributed computing covers all aspects of computing and information access across multiple processing elements connected by any form of communication network. In this paper we investigate the design and implementation of a grid based system depending on an Intranet based on Windows operating system. The proposed Virtual Grid-Based Parallel Computer (VGBPC) system was written using C# and .NET 3.5 framework. The system uses the remote computer as a node to accomplish the execution task. The Grid Manger system was built to be initiated on the server of the Intranet, which responsible of partitioning the task and assigning each partition to Grid thread that is transmitted to the Grid Executer. The Grid Executer implemented in this work responsible of receiving the threads from the Grid manger, executing them and resending them back to the Grid Manager. The proposed system was used to accomplish parallel Prime Number Checker to investigate the (VGBPC) capabilities.