Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science

The aim of this study was to determined the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of garlic extract in vitro. Thirty clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained from patients suffering from different skin infections in Ramadi General Hospital During the period between October 2007 to February 2008, as well as the control strain of S. aureus (ATCC 25923). Antimicrobial effects of garlic was detected by three different methods, disc diffusion method, well diffusion method, minimumal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimumal bactericidal concentration (MBC).
Out of Thirty clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 20 (66.6%) and control strain were identified as highly susceptible with 100mg/ml of garlic juice, 8 isolates (26.6%) showed intermediate susceptible and no detectable activity with the lower concentrations of garlic juice as well as 2 isolates (6.6%) were resistante (no zone of inhibition )was observed with concentrated garlic juice. 3.2 mg/ml of garlic juice was the minimumal inhibitory concentration and minimumal bactericidal concentration for all tested isolates.
It is concluded that the higher concentrated of garlic juice which had a strong inhibitory activity on Staphylococcus aureus .Further in vivo studies are necessary.

The aim of this study was to detect biofilm formation by study isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. qualitatively and quantitatively. Twenty-five isolates were taken from patients admitted to Ramadi General Hospital were included in this study. Qualitative biofilm formation assays (tube method and Foley-catheter assay) and quantitative assay by spectrophotometric method with ELISA reader were achieved under two experimental conditions.
In tube method, the result showed that out of 8 (32%) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 17 (68%) isolates of Klebsiella species, the biofilm were produced in 7 (87.5%), and 14(82.35%) respectively. while, in foley catheter method, the biofilm were produced on the surfaces of the catheters in all pseudomonal isolates (100%), and 15(88.23%)of klebsiella isolates respectively. In the spectrophotometric method, the results showed that out of 17 isolates of Klebsiella spp., all isolates were produced biofilm strongly in the glucose supplemented media while 15 (88.23%) of them were produced biofilm strongly in the glucose non-supplemented media and 2 (11.76%) isolates were weak biofilm producers in the glucose non-supplemented media. With regard to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the results showed that all pseudomonal isolates, which submitted to this study, were produced biofilm strongly in the glucose supplemented and non-supplemented brain heart infusion broth. The study concluded that all isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. were produced biofilm qualitatively by both techniques. Further, the spectrophotometric method was an accurate method for detection the bacterial adherence to the surface of Microtiter plates. Further more, biofilm production was not affected by this factor in both of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp.

The photo transitions of Erythromycin 2-propionate dodecyl sulphate (C40H71NO14, C12H26O4S) using Nitrogen Laser beam have been studied at different periods of time. Different techniques have been used to analyze and identify final products.
The results showed that photo transitions of Erythromycin - Estolate which measured by conductivity initially increased and then decreased with time especially at high pulse rate. While pH showed a different behavior and initially there was reduction in pH values by increasing the pulse rate. The kinetic study indicated that the rate of reaction is of the second-order type . The qualitative identification showed that the final products were;
• First: 6-(4-Dimethylamino-3-O-propionyl –6-methyl- tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-14-ethyl-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradeca-2,10-dione-7,12,13-propaniol dodecyl sulphate.
• Second: 6-(4-Dimethylamino-3-O-propionyl –6-methyl- tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-14-ethyl-4-(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradeca-2,9-diene-2,7,10,12,13-pentaol dodecyl sulphate.
The final products showed an existaence of enol group through a tautomerism reaction of keto enol.

Ethylimino and Di Ethylimino were prepared by condensation of Ethylene diamine with one equivalent and tow equivalent of substituted benzaldehyde. These ethylimino were reacted with one equivalent of maleic, succinic and phthalic anhydride in absolute ethanol to give 7-membered heterocyclic ring system of 3-(2-amino-ethyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3] oxazepine and 3-(2-amino-ethyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3] oxazepane. Diethylimino were reacted with tow equivalent of maleic and succinic anhydride in same condition to give 2(7-membered) heterocyclic ring system of 2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-{2-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,7-dioxo -[1,3] oxazepine-3-yl]-ethyl}-2,3-dihydro-[1,3]oxazepine-4,7-dione and 2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-{2-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl) -4,7 -dioxo -[1,3] oxazepane-3-yl]-ethyl}-2,3-dihydro-[1,3]oxazepane-4,7-dione. Kinetic Studies of reaction of Ethylimino and DiEthylimino with maleic, Succinic and phthalic anhydride proved to A first-class equation was applied to the reaction.

A series of compounds were prepared by coupling dizonium salts with guanine. The structures of the prepared compounds were identified by ultra violet, infra-red spectra and Elemental (C.H.N) analysis .The biological activity of these compounds was investigated on five genera of pathogenic bacteria: S. aureus , Str. viridans , Ps. aeruginosa, E. coli and Sh. dysenteriae using Disc diffusion method. Also the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated .It was found that these compounds have medium biological effect against these genera of bacteria.

In high dilution method and in ethanol solution has been reacted two moles (o – phenylendiamin) with tow moles (2,5 – Hexandion) to yield Macrocyelic Ligand type N4 . This Ligand (L) has been reacted with some metal ion to product metal complexes (M L) where M = Cr+3, Cu+2and Cd+2. The metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, (C.H.N), molar conductivities, I.R spectra, UV-Vis., HPLC, and atomic absorption. From the above data the proposed molecular structure for (ML) is octahedral, and Trigonal bipyrimed.

In the present work, the interacting boson model (IBM-1)has been used in the calculation of the energy levels as a function of angular momentum E(L) for even-even deformed nuclei. The calculated results are compared with the available experimental data and found to be in a good agreement, especially at low-lying states, while at high angular momentum, some theoretical values are somehow larger than the experimental values.

The study was created using "ANSYS 5.4" the Physical CAD tool to find out the effect of fiber direction on thermal characterization for tow types of the polymer composites. One was the epoxy reinforced with Glass fibers composite (EGF), the other was the Polyester reinforced by the same type of fibers (PGF). The fibers angled with tow angles 00 and 450 with pivot of each type of the composites. The loads and boundary conditions (B.C) was applied as different temperatures. The study included temperature distribution, thermal flux and thermal gradient in which obtained directly from the package. The thermal conductivity withal was calculated from the results. The analysis showed that the temperature distribution is almost constant for all models, the thermal flux was 1743 (J/S.m2) for the EGF composites with 00 and 1494 (J/S.m2) for the 450, thermal gradient was 3134 (K0/m) for 0 0 and 4187 (K0/m) for 45 0. For PGF composites the values of thermal flux was 1799 (J/S.m2) for 00 and 1505 (J/S.m2) for 450, the thermal gradient was 3112 (K0/m) for the 00 and 4187 (K0/m) for 450. Thermal conductivity obtained from the previous results and the highest value was 0.578 (W/K0.m) for PGF 00, followed by 0.556 (W/K0.m) for EGF with the same angle of fibers. Other hand the other composites EGF and PGF with 45 0 had a lower values for thermal conductivity which were both about 0.36 (W/K0.m), for that reason we conclude that the last tow types (with 450 angle) were preferred to use in applications as water tanks or other thermal insulation systems.

The level structure of 125Te by considering 124Te as a core for positive parity low-lying states has been investigated. Spectroscopic factor for both pick-up and stripping reactions were deduced according to the Interacting Boson-Fermion Model(IBFM) and compared with experimental results. Considering 126Te as a core gives best description to the 125Te nucleus.

Digital data stored in computers or transmitted over computer networks are constantly subject to error due to the physical medium in which they are stored or transmitted. Error-correction codes are means of introducing redundancy in the data so that even if part of it is corrupted or completely lost, the original data can be recovered. Error correcting codes are used in modern technology to protect information from errors. Burst error correcting codes are needed in virtually uncountable applications. Such codes will be called complete burst error correcting codes. There are quite a few constructions for complete burst error correcting codes. This paper presents an error correcting code based on the concept and the theory of the Latin Squares, where it employ the characteristics of the orthogonal Latin Squares to correct the errors. That is not complete burst error correcting codes, since it can correct most burst pattern of length i  n, but not all of them. However, if the number of uncorrectable patterns is sufficiently small, this code can be used in practice as a burst error correcting code.

The study included 360 samples collected during the period between October 2005 to March 2006. They were divided into four main groups namely; adolescents, pregnant women in third trimester, women during delivery and their newborn. Each group consisted of 90 subjects. It was carried out to determine the hematological variables using the routine examination methods the following results were obtained:
There was a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in pregnant women and delivery women but increased in newborn.
There was a decrease in the total white blood cells among adolescents and delivery women .The neutrophils level was the highest but it was at the lowest level in pregnant women and delivery women.
The highest ratios of reticulocytes counts were among newborn while the lowest ratios were among adolescents.
Platelets rates significantly decreased in the two groups of pregnant women in comparison with adolescents and new born.
We conclude that the hematological examinations results were varies according to the physiological conditions of each group.

Sudy was conducted for producing a single-cell protein from Whey and remnants of dates, using local yeast Isolated from the environments of Whey and remnants of dates of Isolates. The study also tackled the impact of the use of selected mixed culture isolates on producing single-cell protein. The production of single cell protein was performed in accordance use of Batch Fermenter. The validity of the produced single cell protein to ensure that it is free from toxins and using to feed the fish Cyprinus carpio L instead of various percents of normal protein. Six Isolates obtained from natural sources, which included 3 Isolates of the whey environment and 3 Isolates of remnants of dates.The use of the Fermenter production rate of the single-cell protein that was 23.35 grams / liter.The results of diagnostic tests showed that isolates returning to Genus of Candida, as diagnosed as Candida utilisWt2 and C. tropicalisDr1.The analysis of results showed that the components of single-cell protein product that the proportion of crude protein ranged between 52.55 - 57.01%, and percentage of carbohydrates 23.74 - 26.9%, and the proportion of ether extracted fat ranged 2.74 - 2.98%, The percentage of ash about 11.03 - 11.38%, the percentage of nucleic acid (3.40-3.96%), while it contains many amino acids, including sulfur amino acids.and Toxicology results showed that the produced was free from toxins.
The study showed the possibility of replacing 25% of the animal protein in feed fish feeding by single-cell and used to feed fish Cyprinus carpio L. without significant changes in the final weight of the fish during the experiment period of 70 days.

The Presnt study is designed to study the Possibility of using Industrial Waste Water from AL-Ramadi Glass factory in the growth of tow Kinds of Cruciferae Plant namely ;Brassica rapa and B.capitat .Tow kinds of industrial wastes before and after chemical processing in the factory hav been used .Hydrological culture technology has been used with samples of industrial waste water .Results indicate a success of B.rapa in plantation and growth whereas B.capitat dose not show such a response .

This study was conducted for producing a single-cell protein from Whey and remnants of dates, using local yeast Isolated.The efficient Isolates were selected for utilization of the used carbon sources and production of single-cell protein.The limitation of the appropriate incubation period for growth and production as trial to improving the nutrient media components which was performed by the increment of the prepared of carbon source by focusing Whey or mixing it with the remnants of dates at different rates. The addition of supports to the media included food powder plant Northblan and remnants of culture of mushrooms and shellfish waste of bloody massacres meat and crude oil.The study also tackled the impact of the use of selected mixed culture isolates and impact of shaking and aeration processes on producing single-cell protein.The production of single cell protein was performed in shaking incubator and by using Fermenter.
The most important findings are:
Sexes Isolates obtained from natural sources, which included 3 Isolates of the whey environment and 3 Isolates of remnants of dates.Test results showed the efficiency of isolates selected in the production of single cell protein fermentation process for four days, the concentrated whey media gave the best production rate 4.60 g / liter. The study showed that mixing 50% of remnants of dates with 50% of concentrated whey led to significant increase in the production was 6.56 g / liter. The use of the improved materials for the media led to significant increase in the results, achieving higher productivity 8.35 g / liter when using remnants of the bloody massacres of meat. The use of mixed cultures led to significant increase in the production compared with pure cultures of Isolates that gave mixed isolates Wt2Dr1Fl higher productivity amounted to 14.79 grams / liter. The study showed that the process of agitation and aeration had significant role in raising production to hit 17.61 grams / liter when using aeration rate of 0.5 liter / minutes with shaking speed of 150 cycle / minutes.. The use of the Fermenter instead of the shaking incubator had significant increased production rate of the single-cell protein that was 23.35 grams / liter. The results of diagnostic tests showed that isolates returning to Ascomycetes, Genus of Candida, as Candida utilisWt2 and C. tropicalisDr1.The analysis of results showed that the components of single-cell protein product that the proportion of crude protein ranged between 52.55 - 57.01%, and carbohydrates 23.74 - 26.9%, and the proportion of ether extracted fat ranged 2.74 - 2.98%, the percentage of nucleic acid (3.40-3.96%). The study showed a decline in the value of BOD for the used mediato 480 mg / liter at the development mix isolates Wt2Dr1Fl .

The bacterium staphylococcus aures was isolated from subcutaneous abcess by using staphylococcal medium No-110 and diagnosed according to its cultural and micro scopic characters , biochemical reactions and coagulase production . Sensitivity test of the bacterium against antimicrobial agents was performed and the result appeared that the bacterium was sensitive to cephlothin , ampicillin , ampiclox , tetracyclin , rifampicin , cloxamcillin ,fusidic acid , chloramphenicol and nitrofurontion , and resistant to cefotaxin , bacitracin neomycin, gentamycin , nalidixic aceid , penicllin , erythromycin and cloxacillin .
Curing experiment was accom plished using elevated growth temperature , to study the role of plasmids in coding for the virulence factors , coagulase and hemolysin and antibiotics resis tance , Result showed the partial loss of coogulase production through the effect on RNA polymerase responsible of transcription of cluster structural genes with single promoter and terminator produce coagulase and the method was not suitable for curing hemolysin plasmid . Results of curing of plasmids responsible of antibiotics resistance ensured the role of plasmids in resistance of the antibiotics penicillin , Erythromycin and cloxacillin after physical loss of plasmid as proofed by gel electrophoresis .

This study was conducted to obtaining different isolated of Actinomycetes from various region of Alanbar government and study its ability to produce antibiotics. According to morphological, cultural and biochemical tests , four isolated of Streptomyces were isolated and test for its ability to inhibit other bacteria ( protus , E coli Staphylococcus , Streptococcus) and its sensitivity to different antibaiotics.Study showed that Streptomyces were highly sensitive to Naldizic acid and have the ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus more than gram negative bacteria.

Study included the selection of bacteria isolated from local is the most efficient among the seven isolates have been isolated from the soil of the city of Ramadi by collecting 20 sample soil from 6 different locations, based on possession of the effectiveness of inhibition a broad spectrum of bacteria toward the test was diagnosed with several tests and the appearance, biochemical
It was diagnosed as isolating Bacillus subtilius and was labeled M1, Bacillus polymyxa was labeled as M3 owned inhibition highly effective against Staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Limits of 23 -30 mm and less against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella ssp isolated and characterized the M1 more effectively inhibition further examined the effect of temperature The growth of isolates that grow well in 40 degree heat, both 45 and isolating and isolation alone can M1 growth in the 50 degree Celsius heat either at low temperatures can not isolate both Selected from the growth in the degree of heat 5cْ. and studying the impact of salinity on the growth of isolates Shows that it grows well in focus 3% NaCl The focus was able only 7% of M1 growth and sustainability of this focus, while the focus of 10% was not able to isolate both of growth in .

Two local Streptomyces (Streptomyces O3 & Streptomyces TS36 ) was used in this study. The isolate Str. O3 has been isolated from one of Ramadi city soil, the isolate has been selected based on it's ability of producing cellulase through it's ability of digesting sawdust as culture medium to test inhibition activity against some pathogenic bacteria. The isolate Stre.TS36 prediagnosed in college of science-University of Al-Anbar has also been used. The isolate Str.O3 was described phenotypically and physiologically by many cultures media, also has been diagnosed by different temperatures, and it's ability of growth in different salt concentrations and different pH was also tested, in which selected optimum conditions to producing inhibition activity against tested pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus & E. coli..
Result showed the ability of the two selected streptomyces used in studying it's utilization of sawdust as a carbon source for growth and production of inhibition activity against pathogenic bacteria, in which the solid culture and liquid culture methods were used to grow the two local isolates to produce the inhibition activity in presence of sawdust, both isolates were able to produce the inhibition activity in both solid and liquid cultures, the isolates Str.O3 and Str.TS36 were able to produce inhibition activity in test cultures 2,3 and 4 containing 0.3, 0.7 and 1.5 g/ml of sawdust respectively against Staphylococcus aureus similar to or little better than control culture that does not contain sawdust, also the isolates Str.O3 was able of producing inhibition activity in the same previous test cultures against E. coli, the isolate Str. O3 showed high stability in high temperature in which it was able to grow and produce inhibition activity in temperature 40C0 comparing with isolate Str.TS36 that was able to grow and produce inhibition activity in 28 C0.

The aim of this study was determined to check the effect of NIDDM on Amylase Enzyme and amylase creatinine clearance rate.
The specimens were collected from 48 patients suffering from Non Insulin Dependant Diabetes Mellitus (23 females,25 males). Amylase tests, creatinine test in serum and urine were done. The results show increased of amylase level in serum, urine amylase and amylase ceratinine clearance rates were (262, 520,7.8) respectively when compared with the control were (140, 313,3.19) respectively.

This study addressed the breakdown of the three main models for fingerprints and its subsidiaries and their relationship by blood collections system (ABO) - Students of Life Sciences Department - Faculty of Education - University of Anbar, including the ten fingers of both hands. The models show that more common among members of the sample is a Alaruyat rate Percentage (56.67%), followed by Almstdiratt and percentage (36.83%) and least bows and a percentage (6.33%), while the fingers of one hand, it was noted that the middle finger right Walid is pregnant for the bulk of the Alaruyat and percentage (72.5%) and least ring finger and by (40%) As for the finger Pinkie is pregnant for the bulk of the Alaruyat for labor and the left percentage (74.166%) and least finger Central by (48.333%), and for Mstdiratt ring finger was the right of the labor is pregnant for the bulk of the Almstdiratt and percentage (54.166 %) And least finger Central and Pinky and the percentage respectively (25.833%) (25%) as well as labor left ring finger is pregnant for the bulk of the Almstdiratt and percentage (54.833%) and least Pinkie finger percentage (17.5%). As for the brackets were The index finger is the most hesitant and percentage (10%) of the labor right and left Walid (12.5%). To investigate the relationship of blood groups as the (ABO) of the fingers. Alaruyat found that individuals living with blood groups (A, B, O, AB) were more numerous in Central finger for labor and the right percentage (76.324%), while individuals living with blood groups (A, B, AB) was the index finger is a less number of Alaruyat and percentage (32.903%), while for the group Blood (O) found that the ring finger is carrying the least number of Alaruyat rate (28.571%). As for labor, the left-positive individuals blood groups (AB, O, B, A) was Pinkie finger with a greater number of Alaruyat and percentage (82.755%) The individuals living with blood groups (O, B), the index finger a lower number of Alaruyat and percentage (20.027%), but for individuals living with blood groups (A, AB,), the ring finger with fewer Alaruyat and percentage (41.089%). For Mstdiratt found that individuals living with blood group (A) For Walid right thumb was that a larger number of Almstdiratt and percentage (16.091%) The individuals living with blood groups (O, AB), the ring finger is a larger number of Almstdiratt and percentage (22.499%), while individuals living with blood groups (O, A) was pointing Central is a less number of Almstdiratt, and individuals living with blood group (AB) found that finger Pinkie was a less number of Almstdiratt percentage ( 8.333%), while for the left hand, found that individuals living with the blood groups (AB, O, A), the ring is a larger number of Almstdiratt and percentage (17.165%), while people living with blood group (B) was the index finger is , Which holds the largest number of Almstdiratt percentage (17.360%), while for individuals living with blood groups (B, AB) found that a lower number of Pinky and the percentage (5.343%). As for the brackets found that the index finger of both hands and is the largest number of pregnant and all Blood groups (AB, O, B, A). There was a convergence of some difference in the qualities and other attributes when comparing the results with the results of other research areas of genetic different.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Al-Anbar Governorate-Ramadi and to study the different relationships between these cases and different haematological parameters values. In addition to that this study aimed to investigate the degree of G6PD deficiency in both sever and moderate status and to find the ratio of this enzyme deficiency in both sexes .One hundred sixty six (166) samples from both sexes (80) males and (86) females(neonates) were collected.
Results showed that the overall frequency among neonates of G6PD deficiency was 10.84% (13.75% males and 8.13% females.Significant difference in G6PD deficiency was found between both sexes, males showed more frequency than females (P 0.01.) Males showed high ratio of acute G6PD deficiency than females (P 0.01), vise versa for the moderate G6PD deficiency.
The normal G6PD activity level, mean ± standard deviation among neonates was (10.85±0.88) IU/gm.Hb.,this mean activity value was (9.77±0.82)IU/gm.Hb.for males and (11.93±0.95)IU/gm.Hb.for females, while this value among neonates with G6PD deficiency was (1.59±0.120)IU/gm.Hb.,for males (0.98±0.063)IU/gm.Hb.and (2.21±0.187) IU/gm.Hb. for females respectively.Patients with G6PD deficiency neonates showed significantly lower (P 0.01) haemoglobin (Hb), packed-cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC) and enzymatic activity values than G6PD normal subjects.While Reticulocyte count was higher in the samples of neonates with G6PD deficiency but this increase was not significant in comparison to the normal neonates. (P 0.05)Also non significant differences (P 0.05) were found between samples of normal individuals and those of G6PD deficiency regarding white blood cell count (WBC) .

Processing of non-conducting mosaic( from glass waste , ceramic and white cement ) for roofing which includes coating the building roofs . It is non- conducting for heat , humidity and sound . It functions as a substitute for processed cement coats and tiles which are used in coating building roofs . The most important point is to get rid of environment pollutions cullet glass, ceramic and cement , and re-use them

Several experiments were conducted at Al–Ramadi distinct / Al – Anbar province, Iraq in 2007 to investigate effect of thermal degradation kinetics of actellic (2-Diethylamino-6-methylprimidin-4-yl-dimethyl phosphorothionate) on the biological activity in controlling of aphids (Myzus persicae) on cucumber. The insecticide was exposed to six tempertures levels in the laboratory (0 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 40 and 60C˚) for five exposal periods (1 , 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 h ) before field application in infestation % of aphids and productivity of cucumber were estimated .
Resulte showed that actellic activity was decreased at (0C˚) with increasing exposing tempertures where as infestation % was (27%) at (60C˚), up to (10%) at (0C˚) lead to decrease productivity of plant with increasing temperatures. The higher average obtained under (5C˚) was (3347kg/D), While it decreased at (60C˚) of (2815 kg/ D).
The results showed that thermal degradation of actellic which measured by ion phosphorus increased while pH reduced by increasing temperature. The kinetic studies indicated that the rate of reaction is of the first order by drawing the relation between Ln (Po / Pt) with time of temperature, which showed a linear relation, Dissociation pesticide actellic. Thermodynamic functions actellic degradation calculated such as (Activation Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Gibbs function) which is highly effect by temperature.

The reaction between 3,3-,4,4– tetraaminobiphenyl and o-hydroxy benzaldehyde in 1:4 molar ratio affords a novel tetrabasic octadentate Schiff base (Fig(1) ) . Its reaction with Ni(OAc)2 in 1:2 molar ratio. Leads to the formation of dinuclear complexes of the general formula [Ni2L] and the latter. reacts with the metal halide MX2 ( M= , Ni, Cu, X=Cl or Br ) in 1:2 molar ratio to form tetranuclear complexes of the general formula [ Ni2LM2X4], M=Ni,Cu . The coordination of the Schiff base in the dinuclear complexes seems to occur via N- azomethine and the deprotonated OH groups , while the further coordination in the tetranuclear complexes seems to take place via the lone pair of electrons available on the oxygen atoms . The structural features of the chelates have been confirmed by elemental analysis , IR ,Uv –vis and magnetic measurement .The compounds have been prepared at the room lab Temperature.

The mixed ligands complexes of Bipyridayl and 2, 3-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-salicylidene-3-pyrazolin-5-one (HL) with Mn (II), Fe (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) and Cu (II) .were prepared. They were characterized by using (FT-IR) spectroscopy, (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry and chlorine amount test, flame atomic spectroscopy absorption also using in addition magnetic measurement of the susceptibility and molar conductance. This study showed that the ligand (HL) behaves as a bidentate chelating ligand and the complexes are octahedral geometrical.

The main goal to which we aspire is to reach a unified scientific astronomical criteria in order to determine the possibility of a sighting of the crescent newborn which support by the majority of astronomers and scholars of religion in order to work on the standardization of our events Islamic religious sites, as is the case in determining the beginning of the holy month of Dhul Hijjah, which does not differ by two in the Islamic world. To reach such criteria requires cooperation between the scientific astronomers and the religious scholars in order to narrow the differences and inequalities that often happening. The differences could be two days and in some cases three days. In this study we offer some observations and recommendations on this subject.

In this work, we review a number of, well-know results which deal with conditions that make (homomorphism ring of commutative Ideal which is the aim at this work.
Prof. S.H. Cox JR has studied these results in addition to Prof. Wezlman , first of all. We introduce an explanation of there results to arrive to our goal which we could arrive at through the proof of the theorem in the result of this paper.

This paper aims to use simulation in teaching simple linear regression, computer stimulation can be used to teach complicated statistical concepts in linear regression more quickly and effectively than traditional lecture alone. In this paper we present example which simulates the linear regression model in order to verify the probabilistic behavior of resulting least square estimators.