Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

In this research, I have addressed one of the levels at which the aesthetics of polyphony appear in my novels (Miramar) and (Five Voices), which is the expressive level in four axes: the significance of the characters’ names and descriptions, the multiplicity of dialects and literary genres, direct and semi-direct transmission, and the multiplicity of descriptions of a single event or character.

The researcher can determine the visions of the self and the other through the comprehensive starting point for depicting the literary text that pulsates with artistic meanings and connotations that the latter explores and lives in its essence; his self was formed with otherworldly starting points from which he sets out to express his personal secrets to occupy wide spaces in the wider worlds of the other, and the other may appear in Ibn al-Rumi’s poetry through self-portraiture techniques; as he tried to show the intellectual self-reflections to form a new vision in the poet’s poetry, which is to evoke many techniques, including evoking flags and symbols and personalizing time, so he benefited from them for what they carry within them of a cultural stock that formed a dimension of the other from the self-stock.

The research aims to identify the level of flexible thinking and its relationship to effective teaching skills among history teachers. The research community consisted of (947) male and female history teachers in government daytime secondary schools in the General Directorate of Education in Qadisiyah, while its sample consisted of (150) male and female history teachers who were selected by stratified random method. The researcher used the descriptive research method, and prepared two research tools, which are (flexible thinking test / 30 paragraphs) and (effective teaching skills test / 30 paragraphs distributed in the fields of planning, implementation, evaluation). The implementation of the procedures took the period from 12/20/2020 to 02/15/2021. The results showed a positive correlation between flexible thinking and effective teaching skills among history teachers (research sample). The researcher recommended a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Teaching the Arabic language among contemporary orientalists has been characterized by development and modernization. Whereas, the goals of the Western learner for the Arabic language differed from one generation to the other, and the time in which the Arabic language is taught has changed as a tool for interpretation and explanation of the Bible, because of the closeness of Arabic to the Aramaic language.
The interest in the Arabic language progress great strides, especially with the emergence of the need for translators to work in the diplomatic corps in the Middle East, and the increase in the pragmatic trend in teaching languages.
Contemporary orientalists have criticized the Arabic language teaching curricula that their former peers wrote. Because it focused on the theoretical side, which is learning Arabic as a written language, the need for learning Arabic as a spoken language increased. The study of the Arabic language using the contrast-to-English curriculum, for example, has shown many new results in the methods of teaching Arabic to Westerners.
Learning Arabic in the light of the Contrastive Method was a response to the development of contemporary Orientalism in its characteristics, an update of its research tools and methodological approaches, a departure from the pattern of mastering classical written Arabic to learning Arabic in a spoken language, and a contribution from contemporary orientalists in responding to the requirements of the growing and evolving labor market

This research aims to show the extent of the impact of the decisions issued by the Federal Supreme Court on shaping the state’s policy in general. This impact is evident in two main directions: the first is the impact of the rulings issued by the court on legislative policy, and the second is to show the extent of the impact resulting from the decisions of this court on the executive authority. This topic is of great importance because this court is the highest judicial authority in the state and the rulings issued by it are binding on all other authorities. This research also shows the extent of this court’s contribution to shaping the state’s policy.

There are many proposals to diagnose the weakness of the Iraqi economy that has reached the point of crisis, but the problem that the Iraqi economy suffers from is the lack of diversity in public revenue sources and reliance on a single source to finance revenues, not to mention the increase in public expenditures and their failure to direct them in the correct manner that serves the Iraqi economy, as most public expenditures are operating expenditures (current expenditures), while investment expenditure rates are very low, in addition to inflation rates that rise from year to year. The research aims to study the reality and prospects of public revenues and expenditures and inflation rates in the Iraqi economy for the period (1990-2019), and the research problem was related to the nature of the political and economic conditions and the problems that the Iraqi economy went through, which resulted in a huge increase in public revenues and high inflation rates due to the increase in public expenditures.

The importance of the research lies in the role played by the money supply channel as a major intermediary channel for monetary policy in Iraq to contribute to achieving appropriate economic growth. For this reason, the research provided a theoretical framework for both money supply (M2) on the one hand, and economic growth represented by the gross domestic product on the other hand, in addition to analyzing the trends and development of these two variables by analyzing their data and identifying the relationship between them to reach the effects performed by that channel representing monetary policy in Iraq in the period (2004-2017). The research reached important results by adopting some monetary and real indicators, whether in the field of money supply or in the field of GDP growth in its current and fixed forms. It was concluded that the research period witnessed an upward trend in money supply (M2), with the exception of 2015, in which it decreased due to the deterioration of economic life. Money supply (M1) made a major contribution to clearly revealing the limited banking awareness among individuals, in addition to the backwardness and inefficiency of the Iraqi banking system. Although the increase in money supply (M2) was It has a positive role in increasing the gross domestic product, but its growth rates did not match the growth rates of the gross domestic product at constant prices, due to the unstable political and economic conditions, and this was negatively reflected in monetary stability in most of the research years.

The purpose of the current research is to diagnose the level of readiness for strategic change, which is (suitability, administrative support, change effectiveness, personal benefit). As a result of applying human resources flexibility with its sub-dimensions (skill flexibility, behavioral flexibility, human resources practices flexibility) in Noor Al Kafeel Company for Animal and Food Products. The research aims to test and measure the correlation and impact relationships between the research variables, as well as to diagnose the reasons for the weakness of the application of strategic change readiness, and to develop the correlation and impact hypotheses. In order to know this, the research adopted the questionnaire form as its main tool for collecting data related to the research sample. The researcher chose the research sample of all administrative leaders at their various levels and administrative responsibilities in Noor Al Kafeel Company, numbering (66) administrative officials distributed according to the organizational structure (the company's authorized director and his assistants, department managers, division managers). To achieve the research objectives, a research model was formulated consisting of two main variables, and a set of hypotheses were derived. The two main research hypotheses were that there is a relationship and an impact between human resource flexibility and strategic change readiness, all of which were subjected to multiple tests to verify their validity or otherwise. The research used a number of appropriate statistical programs such as the ready-made statistical program (SPSS V.20) and the ((SMART PLS program to verify the validity and reliability of the research measurement tools and test the research hypotheses. The results showed the validity of the research hypotheses. Based on these results, a set of conclusions and recommendations were formulated that the research reached, which recommend that there is a limitation in the application of strategic change readiness due to the availability of human resource flexibility to support strategic change readiness, and the researcher made appropriate recommendations.

This study aims to identify the role of scenario planning in achieving entrepreneurship in education, and more specifically secondary education. The study community included secondary schools for the distinguished and talented in Najaf Governorate. A random sample was selected from among its teachers. The study sample included (107) teachers in secondary schools for the distinguished. The study used the questionnaire as a primary tool for collecting data, which was designed based on a set of global standards for the study variables after they were adapted to suit the Iraqi environment. The study presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: There is an urgent need to employ scenario planning in building educational plans and strategies and setting the strategic vision in a scientifically sound manner, taking into account the external strategic analysis of opportunities and threats.

The research aims to study the relationship and impact between ownership structure and the efficiency of investment decisions by applying it to a sample of Iraqi private banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange, amounting to (15) banks for the period (2010-2015) with 148 observations. The research variables were measured quantitatively based on the published financial reports of Iraqi private banks, in addition to conducting approved statistical tests such as conducting the binary statistical analysis (Binomial Test), one-way anova analysis, linear regression, correlation coefficient, (T) test, and (F) test by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The most important conclusion of the research is that there is a collection and analysis of data related to making investment decisions in Iraqi private banks, which results in the efficiency of the investment decisions taken, and the ownership structure affects the efficiency of the investment decisions taken by controlling the right to vote within the bank's board of directors.

This study aims to know the extent of the suitability of planning and preparing government budgets and their allocations with the basic objectives of the university by knowing the basic stages that the University of Kufa undertakes to prepare its budget, approve it, and the stage of its implementation and control. This study used the case study method for the University of Kufa for the years (2015, 2016, 2017) as it is one of the Iraqi universities. The researchers concluded that the budget allocations in general are not consistent with the university's declared objectives, as the reason for the weakness of funding by the state is that most of the expenses are directed towards the most urgent matters such as paying salaries and allocations, which is at the expense of important scientific matters that support scientific research and technological development, and the lack of coordination between the university and the Budget Department in the Ministry of Finance. This study recommends that a percentage of the budget be allocated to items related to scientific research, postgraduate studies, seminars and conferences, more than the current weak allocations, and that there be no focus on salaries and allowances only, in order to help the university rise to the required level in order to achieve its declared goals, and greater coordination between Iraqi universities and the Budget Department in the Ministry of Finance.

Stock valuation is one of the most important issues in investment management. Investors and shareholders can evaluate their stocks based on stock valuation models and make decisions about stock trading accordingly. This study attempts to answer the question: The models used to evaluate stocks traded in the Iraq Stock Exchange affect financial investment decisions. This is to achieve the research objective, which is to identify the role of evaluating stocks traded in the Iraq Stock Exchange and to identify the real value of the stock, and whether it is overpriced or underpriced by comparing it with its market value. This works to rationalize investment decisions for individual investors and institutions that invest in common stocks because of its importance that deserves study, attention, analysis and follow-up, especially the evaluation of the stocks of companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The application was applied to a sample of 52 stocks traded in the market during the period (2015-2019). The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the final results of the fair value according to the profitability multiplier model and the price-to-earnings ratio have a positive sign, which indicates the existence of a direct relationship between stock valuation models and rationalizing financial investment decisions in stocks traded in the market. As for the accounting valuation model and the price-to-book value ratio, the results were negative, which indicates the existence of an inverse relationship between stock valuation and rationalizing financial investment decision-making. As well as the existence of a relationship between stock valuation models and investment decision-making. Accordingly, investors in charge of managing the market and the Securities Commission should pay attention to activating the market by disclosing information by listed companies by activating investment in the Iraq Stock Exchange. Among the recommendations reached by the researcher is the importance of searching for stock valuation models and testing their validity and ability to predict the real value in order to make sound investment decisions, to apply them to the shares of companies and banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange.

The banking sector and the financial and banking operations performed by commercial banks are the basic foundation for sound economic construction and its level of development. One of these services is the two types of contractual credits, which came to meet the requirements of international trade and facilitate the process of trade exchange between dealers and secure their interests and prevent them from being exposed to risk. Letters of guarantee came, the importance of which increased with economic developments and the increase in the network of contracting companies. Banks play their role in implementing them to ensure the seriousness of the work and bridge the gap of mistrust between the two parties, and instill confidence and security in the dealing parties. The banking sector was chosen as a statistical community for the study, and a random sample of (11) private commercial banks was chosen out of (19) nineteen private banks listed in the stock market. After addressing the theoretical aspect of the pledged credits and the profitability of financial and banking operations, the relative importance of the contribution of the profitability of banking operations resulting from several channels to generate profit from the total profit of banks was analyzed, and it became clear that they contribute with relative importance to the total profit. The relative importance of commissions for letters of guarantee and documentary credits in generating the profitability of banking operations was analyzed, and it became clear that they contribute with acceptable percentages to that, and they also vary from one bank to another in the sample.

The issue of economic development policies has been of great interest to decision-makers in both developed and developing countries, due to the prevailing belief that interest in this issue would improve the economic welfare and standard of living of society. In Iraq, despite the existence of comprehensive economic policies, reform programs, and programs for transitioning to a market economy, they are not managed in a way that contributes to addressing structural problems, improving the efficiency of various economic sectors, enhancing the competitive capabilities of the public and private sectors, and encouraging non-oil exports. Iraq has not witnessed any structural changes after 2003, as the government has not worked to exploit the abundance of oil revenues in implementing development policies, similar to the experiences of neighboring oil countries. These policies have continued to suffer from severe slowness in implementation, due to the problems facing the Iraqi economy, as the lack of funding is a major problem in implementing these plans, and the economic development movement in the country remains dependent on the movement of oil revenues. In addition to this, the deviant behavior of the general budget in directing the path of allocating the largest part of public revenues towards operating expenses at the expense of investment expenses, which has kept the economy weak.

The research aims to measure the impact of external governance mechanisms on mandatory accounting disclosure in "private universities and colleges in Baghdad". The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach in conducting the research, where data was collected through a questionnaire form prepared specifically for this purpose, which was distributed to the research community. The number of respondents from financial managers and employees working in the financial and auditing departments and members of the Federal Financial Supervision Bureau working in these universities was (103) respondents. The statistical analysis program (SPSS) was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.
One of the most important conclusions included in the research was that there is an impact of the practices of external governance mechanisms (external audit) on mandatory accounting disclosure, which indicates the keenness of Iraqi private universities and colleges to practice governance mechanisms in a way that achieves sound performance that affects and contributes to enhancing the objectivity of mandatory accounting disclosure efficiently and effectively.
One of the most important recommendations included in the research is the necessity for Iraqi private universities to work on providing the elements for the success of governance mechanisms practices, as these mechanisms have a positive impact on the application of governance rules at an adequate level, in addition to their importance in enhancing the level of mandatory accounting disclosure, which is positively reflected in the performance of these institutions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of knowledge management in enhancing the banking readiness of Iraqi banks, where a structured questionnaire was used to collect data through a group of Iraqi bank employees. The community of our current study was represented by Iraqi banks, which number (3) and are represented by Rafidain Bank, Rashid Bank, and TBI Bank, Najaf Branch. The results of the study show that banking readiness is achieved quickly and stronger with the availability of knowledge management. In light of these results, the researcher recommended the need to pay attention to creating effective knowledge management that actually works to increase the capabilities of employees and implement their expectations, and adopt humane working conditions, which in turn is reflected in enhancing banking readiness and increasing the provision of banking services, and developing the quality of banking services by adopting knowledge management. The emergence of positive acceptance of the study sample members in the banks surveyed towards the availability of paragraphs of knowledge management variables, and this means their awareness of the importance of this concept and its pattern, which contributes to enhancing banking readiness in banks, which are able to confront the problems and obstacles facing the individuals working in them. This study enriches the literature and texts of knowledge management, which contribute to the search for how and why knowledge management affects banking readiness. The keywords are knowledge management, banking readiness, organizational readiness.

The unemployment problem is one of the social and economic problems that appeared in Iraqi society for several reasons, the most important of which are the crises that this society has been exposed to. It expresses a structural deficiency and a decline in the performance of the institutions concerned with addressing this problem, and it can only be addressed by building a state of institutions and enacting laws at the level of the private and public sectors.

This study aims to demonstrate the impact of the relationship between adaptive leadership and outstanding performance on entrepreneurial orientation in the General Company for Textile and Leather Industries / Kufa Factory. The targeted study sample was represented by employees working in the General Company for Textile and Leather Industries / Kufa Factory. The sample subject to analysis amounted to (196) individuals from different job levels. For the purpose of collecting data, the study relied on the questionnaire as a primary tool that was prepared in light of approved standards with high credibility and reliability and within a good testing environment. After emptying the form of data, it was subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS statistical program as a simple correlation coefficient and influence. In light of the outputs of the statistical analysis, the results showed the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the three study variables. In light of the study results, a set of conclusions were drawn, the most important of which is that the results of the hypothesis analysis indicated that the moral effect that occurs at the level of independent variables (adaptive leadership and outstanding performance) is positively reflected on the dependent variable (entrepreneurial orientation). Based on the conclusions reached by the research, a set of recommendations were derived, which can be The research community can be guided by it to overcome some current or future obstacles. Perhaps the most important of these recommendations was the necessity for the company’s management to adopt proactive and diverse strategies to encourage innovation activities in providing new products and services and to include them within the company’s vision and mission.