Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

The current study was conducted for the purpose of identification the effect of the castration in male goats on levels of reproductive hormones , and have included (25) males ranged from ages between (1.5-2.5) years old and was free of disease and reproductive problems. The animals this study were randomly subdivided into two groups (control group includes (10) male and experimental group includes (15) male) that housed in same conditions of nutrition and management.The levels of reproductive hormones include (Spermatogenesis Stimulating hormone (SSH) , Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), testosterone and Estradiol -17β) were estimated two times before castration and in intervals of two weeks between examined, Experimental animals were examined after castration all hormones two weeks after castration, then after four weeks from castration .The method of analysis Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was use to measure the levels of reproductive hormones in animals blood serums . The results revealed that there are significant increased in the level of ICSH in experimental animals after castration (0.345 ± 0.0413) mIU / ml while the level of hormones testosterone and estradiol-17β significantly decrease in experimental animals after castration and the results were (0.0225 ± 0.0036) ng/ ml and (0.93 ± 0.15) pg/ ml, respectively. While castration did not show any significant effect on the levels of reproductive hormones SSH (0.145 ± 0.01) mIU/ ml in experimental group.
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The paper was conducted on 120 repeat-breeder dairy cows from Holistein-Fresian , the hormonal analyses were done RIA technique of the sera of the involved cows to detect (ACTH,progesterone ,LH & cortisol ) hormonal levels .The animal of study were divided depending on the nervous excitation during artificial insemination into two groups , the fist group A (60) cows expressed signs of nervous excitation , the second group B (60) cows did not expressed signs of nervous excitation.The hormonal analysis of group A cows sera , the mean of hormonal levels of ACTH,progesterone ,LH & cortisol were 168.65pg/ml , 1.34ng/ml , 1.03ng/ml & 21.92ng/ml , respectively while the mean of hormonal levels in group B were 72.30pg/ml , 0.41ng/ml , 1.52ng/ml & 12.69ng/ml , respectively .The statistical analysis reveal there were significant variance (P<0.01) in the levels of these hormones between two groups

During the period between the 1st of October (2008) till the 30th of September (2009), (820) heads of camels from both sexes and different ages which were slaughtered at Al-Diwaniya city abattoir were examined to investigate an prevalence infestation of camel nasal miyasis caused by Cephalopina titillater larvae, and studied the relationship between infestation ratio with months of the year, ages and sex. Total percentage for infestation by larvae of Cephalopina titillator were (42.43%), and had been noticed presence of significant differences (p<0.01) in the infestation ratio during the study months. Higher infestation ratio was in January (91.76%) while the lowest ratio was in July (3.70%) . The study showed significant differences for infestation ratio (p<0.01) among age groups, the highest infestation ratio recorded in Age group (13-16 year) which were (57.79%) while the lowest were (25.92%) in (1-4 year). Significant differences (P<0.01) were noticed in infestation ratio between female (51.44%) and male (35.86%) .

This experiment was conducted during the period from 25/9/2009 to 30/11/2009 to investigate the effect of different levels of adding ginger root powder (Zingiber officiale ) to the diet on serum proteins percentage of blood broiler male chick. 240 broiler chicks of one-day old were equally divided into four groups, 3 replicates per group (20 chicks/replicate). Chicks were allocated on unique ration supplemented with 0(control), 500, 750 and 1000 of ginger root powder during the experimental period (56 days).Results indicated that pre – albumin, Transferring were not significantly affected by dietary treatment at ( 4 and 8 weeks) of age .serum Albumin and post - albumin in treatment 4 was significantly (p < 0.01) higher as compared with treatments 1 , while treatments 4 were (p<0.01) higher in γ – Globulin at 4 weeks of age. Albumin / Globulin was significantly (p<0.01) higher in treatments 4 than the others at 4 weeks of age.At 8 weeks of age Albumin and post – Albumin were significantly (p<0.01) higher for the treatments 2,3,4 as compared with the treatments 1. γ – Globulin was significantly (p<0.01) higher for the treatments 2, 3 , 4 as compared with the treatments 1 .In conclusion it appear that adding ginger root powder can be used as one of the important nutritive additives that added had the best results considering plasma protein levels

The result of the study of structure of some nerves of brachial plexuses (,median,radial,ulnar nerve) ,were obtain the deferent between this nerve in the length of the diameter of the nerve and number of the endonerium and types of the nerve fibers meylinted,non-mylinted nerve fibers and percentage of the nervous tissues for the structure of the nerve this variation in the composition of nerves determine the role of function of there nerves supply of thoracic limb.

The result of the study of structure of some nerves of brachial plexuses (,median,radial,ulnar nerve) ,were obtain the deferent between this nerve in the length of the diameter of the nerve and number of the endonerium and types of the nerve fibers meylinted,non-mylinted nerve fibers and percentage of the nervous tissues for the structure of the nerve this variation in the composition of nerves determine the role of function of there nerves supply of thoracic limb.

The aim of this research was to study the possibity of using modified Rumenotomy technique in cows .This technique was compared with ordinary techniques for describing the advantages and disadvantages of each one.12 local breed cows were used .the animals were suffering from traumatic reticulo.peritonitis &indigestion due to smooth foreign bodies.The animals were divided into 3 groups (each group contain 4 animals) according to the type of technique which was used as following:
First group:- rumenotomy by wingarth's ring was used
Second group :- rumenotomy by stay suture technique was used
Third group :-rumenotomy by rumen skin fixation by using nylon piece was usedEfficiency of each technique was studied according to the time required ,macroscopic finding for ruminal wall and abdominal wound during operation and clinical signs (10 days )after operation. Results indicated that rumenotomy by using stay suture technique was required shorter surgical time &followed by post operative inflammatory complication indicated by increase in mean body temperature, rumen skin fixation by using nylon piece was superior to stay suture technique but it require longest time and it similar to wingarth's technique there for it could be considered as an alternative to it.

The aim of this research was to study the possibity of using modified Rumenotomy technique in cows .This technique was compared with ordinary techniques for describing the advantages and disadvantages of each one.12 local breed cows were used .the animals were suffering from traumatic reticulo.peritonitis &indigestion due to smooth foreign bodies.The animals were divided into 3 groups (each group contain 4 animals) according to the type of technique which was used as following:
First group:- rumenotomy by wingarth's ring was used
Second group :- rumenotomy by stay suture technique was used
Third group :-rumenotomy by rumen skin fixation by using nylon piece was usedEfficiency of each technique was studied according to the time required ,macroscopic finding for ruminal wall and abdominal wound during operation and clinical signs (10 days )after operation. Results indicated that rumenotomy by using stay suture technique was required shorter surgical time &followed by post operative inflammatory complication indicated by increase in mean body temperature, rumen skin fixation by using nylon piece was superior to stay suture technique but it require longest time and it similar to wingarth's technique there for it could be considered as an alternative to it.

One handred and four broiler chicks have were divided in to three groups, each group inoculated avaccine as follows: (G1) BUR-706, (G2) IBD-L, (G3) considered as a control group without any treatment. Histochemical examintation was carried out on thymus, spleen, Harderian´s gland and cecal tonsils by using Ag-NOR silver nitrate stain and estimated of apoptosis scare of cells in these organs. The histological changes observed 24 hours post vaccination were showed significant increase in apoptotic cells in thymus, spleen, Harderian´s gland and cecal tonsils in G2 comparative with G1 and control group G3.

The current study was conducted to evaluate the neutrophil function in mastitic ewes. Whole blood technique was developed for measuring uptake and killing of candida on small volumes of blood. Blood samples from thirty seven ewes affected with mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp and 37 normal were taken for evaluation of neutrophil phagocytosis and killing functions, while milk samples used to diagnose the causal agents of mastitis.The phagocytic activity was reduced by 13.04% for coagulase positive staphylococcus , 9.1% for coagulase negative staphylococcus.The killing activity was significantly decreased (P<0.05) 14.66 % in coagulase positive Staphylococcus infection, while the coagulase negative staphylococcus showed no significant difference in killing activity compared with normals.

This study was conducted to know the types of yeasts that contaminated buffalo's raw milk, and study its ability to produce protease and lipase enzymes, also study the efficiency of the process of pasteurization in its break.Samples were collected from AL-Dathab AL-Abuead village in the province of Wassit, during summer season (beginning from May 2010 to the end July 2010) 60 samples were tested in Microbiology department in the Collage of Medicine in Wassit University.The percentage of infection in yeasts was high 73 % in samples of buffalo raw milk in the summer season, the yeasts isolates were 63 and 8 types of yeasts have been diagnosed:Candida albicans 25.4%, C.tropicalis 19.1%, Rhodotorula spp.15.9, Saccharomyces spp.14.3%, C .krusei 9.5%, C.parapsilosis 6.3% , Crptococcus neoformans 6.3%, C.famata 3.2% .The yeasts that isolated had ability to secrete the enzyme protease, except yeast C. Parapsilosis , while , all the yeasts isolates were not have the ability to secrete enzyme lipase except Rhodotorula spp., Saccharomyces spp., Crptococcus neoformans.The results showed that the process of pasteurization had a very high efficiency in the elimination of yeasts, while all samples of pasteurized milk ( 20) were negative for yeasts isolation

The present study was currented in Diwaniya city for study the microbial contamination in consumed and traded poultry egg in Diwaniya shopes by using six types of table eggs are:red eggs Iraqi,Turkish and Syrian origin ,and white eggs Turkish,Syrian and Iranian origin ,in addition to the eggs of domestic birds found in the popular shopes which included eggs of geese ,turkey,duck and domestic chicken .In this study was investigated the microbiological found on the surface of the eggs shell in the table eggs and domestic birds eggs ,and these microorganism are include total bacteria ,coliform bacteria and fungi.The result revealed asignificant increase (P<0.05) in the number of total bacteria in Syrian white eggs compared with other types 71.33×10³cell/egg as well as asignificant increase in coliform bacteria in the Syrian white eggs 44.133×10³cell/egg where as we find that there is significant increase in the number of fungi in the Syrian red eggs then Turkkish whight eggs whichreached to36.866×10² fungal body/ egg and 35.833×10²fungal body/egg respectively.Either in the domestic birds we note the presence of significant increase (P<0.05) in the number of total bacteria in ducks eggs where it reached to 940 ×104 cell/egg as well as high significant in the number of coliform bacteria in the ducks eggs compared to the rest of domestic birds egg 1106×10³cell/egg and high significant in the number of fungi in duck eggs 174×10³ fungal body/egg .The result showed to the presence of high significant in the percentage of the presence of Salmonella on the table eggs shell surface which reached to 19.5 while there is no significant differences in the percentage of Listeria onj table eggs shell surface which reached to 4.45 and there is high significant in the percentage of Salmonella on eggs shell surface of native birds eggs 14.22,while there is no significant differences in the percentage of Listeria on eggs shell surface5.91.We conclude from this study that the source of the microbial contamination are many most important of them the contamination which is transmitted from infected chicken to egg and contamination from breeding method ,the nest, cleaning,transporting,handling eggs in addition to the bad storage eggs that lead to corruption,damge and microbiological contamination of eggs.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different levels of (Thymus vulgaris ) leaves powder tto tthe diiett on certain blood traits of broiler chickens during a period from 15-15-2009 to 10-5-2010 . A total of 444 Fawbro broiler chicks, one day old were used and randomly allocated to four treatment groups (3 replicates per group; 37 chick each). (Thymus vulgaris ) leaves powder was suppllementted tto tthe diiett of broiler chickens att tthe
llevells of 0 (conttroll group;; T1),, 500 mg//Kg of diiett (T2),, 750 mg//Kg of diiett (T3) and 1000 mg//Kg of diiett (T4) . These treatments were applied during the entire period of experiment (8 weeks). Blood traits included in this study were red and white blood cell counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, differential leucocyte count and concentrations of glucose, protein and cholesterol in blood plasma.Results revealed that supplementation tto tthe diiett of broiler
chickens with (Thymus vulgaris ) leaves powder (T2, T3 and T4) resulted in significant (p < 0.01) increase in red and white blood cell counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration and significant decrease in heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. However, treatment with (Thymus vulgaris ) leaves powder resulted in significant (p < 0.01) increase in the concentrations of glucose and protein and significant decrease in plasma cholesterol as compared with control group (T1). Furthermore, the improvement in blood characteristics included in the president study was associated with the increasing of concentration of (Thymus vulgaris ) leaves powder to the diet since the best means of studied blood traits were recorded for the high concentration of (Thymus vulgaris ) leaves powder tto tthe diiett (T4) in comparison with the other two treatments of (Thymus vulgaris ) leaves powder tto tthe diiett (T2 and T3).

This study was carried out to invistigate the effect of each of probiotic ( Biomin-Imbo) , vitamin E and their mixture on some productive ,quality and biochemical characters for broiler chicks exposed to cyclic temperature ( 32±2ºC ) from hour ( 600-1800 ) daily . Three hundred one day old unsexed Hubbard classic were used and divided randomly into four treatment groups ( 75 ) chicks per each and distributed again to three replicates per each treatment and the treatment were showed as follow :
-(T1) First treatment group( control): Fed on basal diet without any addition .
- ( T2 ) Second treatment group: Fed on the same basal diet supplemented with(1gm. Probiotic / Kg. feed ) .
- ( T3 ) Third treatment group: Fed on the same basal diet supplemented with (250 mg. Vit. E
/ Kg. feed ) .
- (T4) Fourth treatment groups : Fed on the same basal diet supplemented with(1 gm. Probiotic + 250 mg. Vit. E / Kg. feed ) .
Results of this study shown that a significant increase in live body weight, accumulative weight gain , economic figure , dressing percentage , improvement of feed conversion ratio and reduction feed consumption , mortality percentage , cholesterol concentration levels, concentration of uric acid and triglyceride for all treatments as compared with control group and the best results were in fourth treatment

The experiment was dowing in farm research of poultry lead to Animal Resource with agricultural college of Kuffa university in 15/ 11/ 2010 until continues for 6 week . the number of chicken in this experiment was 200 chick type ( Ross ) at one day old and divided into 4 groups each group contain 25 chick with 2 replication .The aim of experiment is to know the effect of dry spinach with different levels on the some of production preparation of chicken .
The first group T1 give 2 % of dry spinach to the ratio .
The second group T2 give 4 % of dry spinach to the ratio.
The third group T3 give 6 % of dry spinach to the ratio .
The forth group T4 is control which not take any percent of dry spinach ,The compound of the ratio is same structure to all the groups and give at one day old and presses to 6 week . There are significant difference in live weight between the treatment T1,T2,T3,and T4,. the beast weight is get in group T3.6 % with significant level at p< 0.05 .The experiment was indicate the percent 6 % from dry spinach can be use in the ratio of broiler chicken to increase the end live weight .the effect of dry spinach with deference level on the some quality properties of blood and chemotherapy include , Glucose ,Cholesterol , HI , Uric acid , Hemoglobin , PCV , and number of RBC.The ratio give to all groups at one day old and presses to end of 6 week from the old .The chinches was vaccinated by Newcastle disease two time in age at 7 day and 21day in dirking water .Take sample from blood of each groupat 6 week of age and examine for Glucose level , found the T3 have less level about 186m/ 100 ml blood and there are significant deference from other group at level p< 0.05 .The result of Haemoglutination test ( HI ) Indicate the group T3 posses higher level of immune against ND disease from other group which record about 1/ 160.The examination of blood Cholesterol indicate that the T3 have lower level from other group 125 m / 100 ml blood .The test of Uric acid indicate the T3 recorded higher level of uric acid in the blood 6 mol / L .from other group .The result of Hemoglobin ( HB ) test is indicate that the T3 group have high level about 11.5 mg / 100 ml blood .Examination of ( PCV ) indicate that the T3 group recorded high level about 33 % from the blood .The number of red blood cell ( RBC ) indicate that the T3 group have high number of RBC from other group about 2.40 million / ml blood .The experiment was explain the dry spinach at level of 6 % have the best effect on chemotherapy and on the quality properties of blood , and the result of dry spinach have powerful to increase the immunity and growth of different tissue and very useful to inter the ratio of broiler in the future .

The research was conducted to investigate the effect of garlic and punica grnutum peels extract on mortality rate and Oocyst output in broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella.Three hundred and twenty chickens were used in the research, those chickens were randomly allocated into 8 treatments, each treatment was included 40 chickens, two replicates were included in to each treatment.
Treatments were arranged as follow:
T1: It was regarded as a control non infected group and fed a diet without anticoccidals.
The other treatments were regarded as infected groups since chickens in those treatments were exposed to the challenge dose which was included 50000 Oocyst / chick.
T2: It was give a diet containing punica granutum peels extract 2 kg/ ton of feed, 2 days before infection and it was lasted for seven days.
T3: It was give a diet containing punica granutum peels extract 2 kg/ ton of feed, three days before infection and it was lasted for seven days.
T4: It was regarded as an infected group and it was give a diet with out anticoccidial.
T5: It was give punica granutum peels extract 0.7 gm/kg body weight with drinking water for 3 days post infection.
T6: It was give punica granutum peels extract 0.7 gm/kg body weight and0.5gm/kg body weight of garlic extract via drinking water, two days post infection.
T7: It was give garlic extract0.5gm/kg body weight via drinking water, for two days post infection.
T8: It was given anticoccidial via drinking water for 5 days post infection.
Mortality rates and Oocyst of E.tenella were counted weekly since the fifth week to the eighth week of age .Results indicated a high significant reduction (P<0.01) of mortality rate in chickens of the second and third treatments which were given garlic and punica granutum peels extract in feed as well as the fifth treatment which was given punica granutum extracts as a medicament. In addition, it was noticed a high significant reduction (P<0.01) of Oocysts which were sheded with droppings in the second and third treatments whose diets contained feed additive represented by garlic and P. granutum. It was concluded that garlic with P. granutum peels played an important role in decreasing of mortality rate and reduction of Oocysts in broiler chickens infected with E.tenella

Twenty Arrabi lambs were used (5-6 month of age and 24 kg average body weight) they were randomly allocated into four equal groups to investigate the effect of adding Baker's yeasts (Sacchromyses Cervisiae) 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% and Black seeds (Nigella Sativa) 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% on some blood and biochemical traits for 60 days at Animal Resources Department Farm /College of Agriculture/ University of Kufa. The adding levels was for each of them with ratio (1:1) per ton of diet and used a control diet (0% adding ) .Results showed Significant increase (P<0.05) to adding S.Cerevisiae and Nigella sativa thus superiority was in group4 (0.75% each ) in Hb, PCV% and Total protein in blood and significant decrease in blood content of cholesterol and triglycerides compared with the others treatments.

This study was carried out to Isolation of bacteria from milk & study the senestivity of bacterial isolates to antibiotic & medical plants 100 milk samples.Were collected from Abu – Graib city in Baghdad samples culturing on different Media the result revealed that isolation rate was Staphylococcus aureus, )%10 ( , Streptococcus group D )%51 ( , Escherichia coli )%10 ( Klebsiella SPP)%01 ( Pasteurella spp( %2) Salmonella spp )%1 ( .
studying the senestivity of bacteria isolates to 8 types of antibiotic : (TOB) Tobramycin ,
Ceftazidime (CAZ) , Vancomycin (VA) , (SAM) Sulbactam Ampicillin , Cloxacillin (CX)
, Cefalothin (KF) , Colistin (CL ) , Amoxacillin Clavulanic acid(AMC) the result revealed that S. aureus & Streptococcus group D more sensitive to (KF) , E . coli more sensitive to (CL ) , Klebsiella & Salmonella more sensitive to (CAZ) , Pasteurella more sensitive to (TOB) . studying sensivity of bacterial isolates to alcoholic extracts of these plants: (Piper nigrum), cubeb seeds (Piper cubeba), (Cinnamomuum camphora), (Commiphora mol mol), seeds (Trigonella foenum- graecum) and seeds of Lepidium sativum. the result revealed that the bacterial isolates in this study more sensitive to alcoholic extracts of (Piper cubeba) & (Cinnamomuum camphora) . the other of alcoholic extracts had no inhibition effect on the bacteria isolated in this study

The present study aimed to determine the effect of alcoholic extract of Thymbra spicata on some pathogenic bacteria. The alcoholic extract has been prepared in the concentrations 20, 10, and 5 mg/ ml. Suspension of E. coli, Staphylococcus aurous, Streptococcus pyogens, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas auregenosa were prepared, by hole diffusion technique used on tryptocase soya agar. It has been found that the concentration of 20mg/ ml gives highly inhibition to Staphylococcus aurous, Salmonella spp. E.coli, Pseudomonas auregenosa (+++), while Streptococcus pyogens gave less zone of inhibition (+). The concentration 10 mg/ ml gave moderate inhibition to Staph, Salmonella, E.coli, Pseudomonas auregenosa (++), while Streptococcus pyogens show less inhibition (±). The concentration 5 mg/ ml show medium inhibition to Pseudomonas auregenosa (+), while less inhibition to staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella spp , E.coli (±), while, there is no inhibition zone was shown to Streptococcus pyogens (-).

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of using spermatic cord torsion as one of the easy castration techniques in Iraqi local black goat, and compared with double ligation of spermatic cord also to be acquainted if the age of animals has an effect on spermatic cord torsion technique. This present study was done in the animals farm of the college of the veterinary medicine of Al-Qadissiya university, 30 local male black bucks (15 kids of 2.5 - 3 months) (15 adult bucks of 13 - 15 months) with body weight (13.4 ± 2.21) and (31.9 ± 3.25) Kg respectively, were supplied for two symmetrical experiments, each one included division the animals randomly to three groups, first group (G1) left as control , Second group (G2) had spermatic cord ligation of both testes and third group (G3) had bilateral spermatic cord torsion and after two months orchiectomy of all testes were done to study the dimensions, the weight, histopathology of the testes and the level of serum testosterone hormone. The results revealed that the castration lead significance (P<0.01) to increase the body weight of both kids and bucks as compared with control, the maximum weight gained was in the bilateral spermatic cord torsion, while in the kids was the ligation group. Weights, lengths and circumferences of the both testes of all animals showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) as compared with control animals. Testosterone hormone analysis revealed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in its level in all castrated groups when compared with control group. Seminal analysis showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) (seminal plasma only) for the volume, concentration, viability, individual and mass motility of the sperms of the all castrated animals as compared with control. The histopathological study of all treated testes corroborated there were a severe degeneration and fibrosis in the testicular tissue as well as in the sertoli and leydig cells and complete suppression of spermatogenesis in all treated groups. The conclusion that spermatic cord torsion caused damage to the testes as ligation did with no effect of age of animals on this technique.

The development of an efficient and practicable method for transcervical collection of embryos in Awassi ewes to the improvement of embryo recovery was investigated. Twenty-four non-pregnant Awassi ewes of 3-4 years of age were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 12). Each ewe was treated with a progesterone impregnated intra-vaginal sponge for 12 days. The following superovulation treatment was used: ewes received 1200 IU of eCG once as an intramuscular injection 48 h prior to sponge withdrawal. Ovarian response was assessed by determining the number of corpora lutea by laparoscopy at day 6 after mating. Ewes of group 1 (n = 12) their embryos were recovered using semi-laparoscopic technique. Ewes of group 2 (n = 12) their embryos were recovered using transcervical technique. All ewes of this group on the evening of day 5 post inseminations, received an i.m. injection of estradiol 17β 2 mg, 12h later, an i.v. injection of 10 IU of oxytocin. A bovine teat dilator introduced into cervical canal and gradually dilated in order to dilate and open the cervical canal with a help of screw provided with the instrument. Results of the present study showed that there was no significant difference in the number of recovered embryos in superovulated ewes when animals treated with estradiol and oxytocin with transcervical technique and semi-laparoscopic technique. It was possible to pass the catheter through the cervix by aid of bovine teat dilator enhanced by estradiol and oxytocin treatment. In conclusion, the technique for transcervical collection of embryo from ewes, as described in the present study, may give new encouragement to embryo transfer programs in this species.

This study was conducted in order to identify of Campylobacter spp. As a causative agent of diarrhea in children using routine laboratory diagnosis (direct and culture methods) in comparison with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique as a confirm diagnostic tool.A total of 100 children stool samples were collected from both sexes at ages less than two years olds suffering from diarrhea who admitted the maternity and Pediatric Teaching hospital in Al-Diwaniyiah Governorate from December 2007 to August 2008.Based on the clinical and laboratory diagnosis, results revealed that the percent of Campylobacter isolation was 8% included C. coli and C. jejuni for children samples. In addition, the results haven't revealed any statistically significant (P≥0.01) between the rate of infection and sexes, while there was a statistically significant (P≤0.01) between these rates and ages, where it noted that patients (>1) years old were more prone to infect with Campylobacter spp. exposure to infections.The results revealed that the PCR positive samples contained one band of amplified DNA with molecular weight (816 bp) after electrophoresis and examined under UV- transilluminator. The study also showed that the sensitivity and specificity of PCR technique were 40% and 100% respectively for examination children samples, when compared with direct examination, but were with culture method were 33% and 100%; respectively in children

This study was included a collection of 24 semen samples from healthy rams in Baghdad province , performed in Baghdad- college of veterinary medicine .Sperms stained with florescent dye ( ethidium bromide ) and subjected to florescent microscopical examination used by UV- light to visualized the defect in the mitochondrial sheeth covered the mid piece. The results gives the abnormalities of mitochondrial mid piece (mt sheeth) , the sperms appeared in 6 types of defect , included mixed defect in the same sample . The defect included 5 ( 20.8%) cases interrupted distribution of mt genome, 4 (16.6%) narrow, 10 (41.6%) thickness , 8 (33.3%)irregular , 7(29.16%) short and 2(8.3%) absent of mid piece . The aim of this study , determination the defect of mitochondrial sheeth of mid piece , in activity , motility , low quality of sperm and the role of infertility in ram

The survey began in December 2008 & finished in June 2009 in three governorates; Al-Qadissiya, Al-Najaf & Al-Muthanna in different locations inspecting 2412 dromedaries, we found out bacterial affections, samples were carried out to detect the exudative epidermitis with Staphylococcus hyicus in 213 camels which present 8.8% of the total inspected camels. There was an obvious age-depending infection; exudative epidermitis diagnosed in 74.2% in camels ranged in 5-10 years old, 15% in camels less than 5 years old & 10.8% in camels more than 10 years old.

The lack of information about mastitis in camels in Iraq has stimulated this research in desert lands of AL-Najaf and Al-Qadissiya provinces. The study is concerned with determining the overall infection, percentage of clinical mastitis according to age, stages of lactation and the number of calving, as well as detection the susceptibility of isolated microorganism to the antimicrobial drugs. 402 quarters of 141 lactating she-camels were examined.Result of this study show that percentage of clinical mastitis was 5.22 % and 11.35% for quarters and animals respectively. 23.81% and 18.75% of quarters and animals respectively were showed acute form of mastitis, whereas 57.15% and 56.25% which identified as chronic form for quarters and animals respectively, also result showed that 19.04% samples identified as bland teats.Gram positive bacterial isolates was (76.19%) including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hycus, Streptococcus agalactiae , Micrococcus luteus, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, whereas gram negative bacterial isolates was (23.8%) which included Mannhiemia haemolytica Salmonilla spp and, Klibcilla pneumonia. The results of study showed that varieties of ages and number of calving were not significant differences (≤ 0.01) on clinical mastitis in Iraqi she-camels.Antimicrobial drugs against bacterial isolates showed high susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, sulphthazin/Trimethiprim, Gentamicin, and Tetracycline, others antimicrobial Chloramphenicol, and Streptomycin showed moderate sensitivity, while all bacterial isolates were found resistant to Ampicillin, Erthromycine and Trimethiprime

The study was carried out in Babel province, where three sheep farms evaluated for albendazole, levamisol and ivermectin resistance in nematodes by in vivo and in vitro techniques as well as to demonstrate the efficacy of commercial tannin-rich solution on the resistant genera.According to low confidence interval limit of 95% fecal egg count reduction FECR ,In farm I, the animal which treated with levamisol and ivermectin considered as suspected resistant, while the animals which treated with albendazole showed resistance to it. In farm II ,the animal which treated with levamisol and albendazole were considered as suspected resistant ,while no FECR% <95 % was recorded in animals which treated with ivermectin ,and in the same manner ,the animals of farm III which treated with levamisol and albendazole showed suspected resistance and resistance respectively, and no resistance to ivermectin was recorded in animals which treated with it. Also, the results revealed that the combination between in vitro (EHA) and in vivo (FECRT) necessary to confirm the assessment of resistance against benzimedazoles. The most common genus identified from pre treatment feces were Haemonchus ,Trichostrongylus and Cooperia ,while Haemonchus was the only identified genus which demonstrated from post treatment fecal culture.The compared of in vitro effect of condensed tannin CT and thiabendazol revealed that both thiabendazole and CT induced significant egg hatching inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. The thiabendazole required a maximum of 0.5mg/ml, whereas, the CT required a maximum concentration of 2 mg/ml, to induce 100% egg hatch inhibition. The adult worm motility assay showed that the thiabendazole kill all worms at the concentration of 0.25 mg/ml, while CT was showed insignificant killing even in maximum concentration.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of genus Pseudomonas that it is Gram – negative , glucose - nonfermenting aerobic rod , isolated from chronic UTI . It is resistant to high concentration of salts and dyes , weak antiseptics and commonly used antibiotics. Because of the increasing in drug – resistant of strains of P. aeruginosa especially that which isolated from UTI, this study was done among the patients attending hospitals in Al-Najaf city during January to December 2009 to maintain the susceptibility pattern of organism isolated from urine specimens. A total 72(100%) samples of P. aeruginosa were isolated from urine specimens of patients. The bacteria isolated were identified by colony morphology , microscopy and relevant biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was tested using standard guidelines. Almost all of the P. aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to Amikacin(100%) , Norfloxacin(86% ( Ciprofloxacin(83 %) & Tobramycin(83%) but highly resistant to Doxycycline.

The present study was conducted on 40 females and males white mice of approximately the same ages (4-6 weeks) and body weights (23-25 gm), for the aim of observing the toxic effects and histopathological changes on bones of mice due to prolonged treatment (6 months) with anticancer chemotherapeutic agents namely methotrexate. Forty mice were divided into 4 equal groups (10 mice of each group – 5 mice per sex). The first group (low or therapeutic dose group) was received 0.15 mg/ kg, I/M once weekly. The second group (intermediate dose group) received 0.30 mg/kg, I/M once weekly. The third (toxic dose group) received 0.45 mg/kg I/M once weekly. The fourth group was a control group, it received 0.2 ml buffered normal saline, I/M once weekly.The results showed Methotrexate can cause osteoporosis and bone marrow suppression, due to cytotoxic effects of it on bone marrow.

A trail of feeding broiler breeders crude and treated Vicia sativa at a rate of 11% and 22%, was conducted to elucidate the effect of using this seed on the egg's IgY content and on the relative weight of the ovarian follicles. Results revealed that crude seeds were effective in significant reduction of IgY content and of the ovarian weight. Treating crude seeds at the low level (11%) with water, acetic acid, Saccharomyces cereviceae and activated charcoal were effective in ameliorating the negative effects of antinutritional factors in crude V. sativa and transfer more immunoglobulin IgY through eggs comparing with control group. Treatment of crude seed at high level (22%) were different in their effect on IgY content and the relative ovarian follicle weight. This study reveals and for the first time, that different treatments of crude V. sativa could enhance the maternal immunity transferred via IgY through eggs to off spring in order to improve the transferred maternal immunity to the hatched chicks and to sustain a high immunological profile against different infectious diseases.

The present study is achieved for observing and evidence the effect of Datura Aqueous Extraction (DAE) on the success the quick repair the cutaneous wound in thigh region in lab rats which are infected with Saphyllococcus aureus.The study is achieved in 28 mature rats ,those same age and weight (250±25 g), 8 month age and live at similar condition.The animals are divided into three groups, 1st and 2nd was contain 10 rat (5mal+5femal) in treated groups while control group was contain 4 rat which subdivided into (4male+4female) and in all groups were made surgical wound (superficial) in thigh region.The 1st (Datura) and 2nd (Gentamicin) groups were infected by staph. aureus with 10-8 titration of germs. After 48 hr the both groups are treated the 1st by DAE 10 mg/kg b.w. and 2nd by Gentamicin 5% w/w as well as sham-control subgroup is leave.The control group was subdivided into two subgroup, the 1st subgroup (standard subgroup) was leaved stay sterile wound without infection (superficial disinfection), recovery without treatment (self cure),the other were infected with staph. aureus and leaved without treatment.The experiment is evidencing the quick healing of wound that is treated with (DAE), compare with the wound that treated with Gentamicin. There are no destructive change in microscopic histopathology due to less toxic effect of datura, as well as blood parameter is good evidence in datura group. Statically analysis was achieved by SPSS v. 16.0 , there are significant results of datura compare with other groups, no significant results of gentamicine group and standard control subgroup while significant with sham-control subgroup P< 0.05

This study was designed to detect the Staphylococcal bovine mastitis in Al-Qadissiyaprovince and then identify the most effective antibiotic that could be used for inhibit the growth of isolated microorganism invitro. Milk samples have been collected from 120 different cows at Al-Hamza, AL- Shenafia, Nufar, Sumar, AL- Saniah , Al- Sedeer and Afak the results showed different bacterial isolates identified in the present study as :S.aureus , S.intermedius ,S. hyicus, S. epidemidis , S. chromogenes , S .cohnii , S. hominis , S. xylosus , S.sciuri , S. simulans , S.saprophyticus in a percentage (15.74%,6.481% , 8.333% , 7.87% , 3.703% , 4.166% , 6.481% , 5.092% , 4.629% , 6.018% , 0.462 %, ) respectively .The sensitivity test results showed that S.aureus, was more sensitive to Ciprofloxacin in a percentage (91.17%),CNS (Coagulase Negative Staphylococci) was more sensitive to Oxytetracycline 83.25%,

The experiment was carried out in the poultry researches farm / Animal resource department in Agricultural College of University of Kufa , at 15/ 11/2010 .The aim of this study to detect the ability of powder citrullus colocynthis fruits to prevent coccidioses type E-tenella . The experiment included 100 broiler chickens and they were divided into four treatments ( T1, T2, T3, T4, ) each treatment contain 25 chickens ( 5 birds / Replications ) were inoculated oocyst of the E . tenella .After 5 days from inoculation , Added the powder Citrullus Colocynthis fruits to the ratio with different levels ( 0.05 , 0.10 , 0.15 , 0.00 %) to all the treatments (T1, T2, T3 ,T4) respectively . The T4 ( not give it any addition) as a control treatment .All the birds had been best healthy and become good active after eating powder Citrullus Colocynthis Fruits for six days comparing with the control (T4 ) . The significant superior ( P< 0.05 ) in the mortality percentage to fourth treatment were 28 % compared to other treatments , with continues the clinical symptom in acute case and showed Significant different ( P< 0.05 ) between same treatments and compared to the control .The best present addition with significant different was 0.15 % from powder Citrullus Colocynthis Fruits to treats coccidioses (E. tenella ) in broiler chicken

This study was included collection of 300 samples divided into 150 nasal swabs 120 infected lungs 30 blood samples from infected sheep suffering from respiratory infections the study showed isolation 223 bacterial isolates which divided into 12 species and 61 samples were negative to bacterial isolation. E.coli has the higher isolation percentage between other percentages 20.78% then Staph aureus at percentage 14.11% then other bacteria as Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staph epidermis, Pasterurella haemolytica, Enterobacter, Corynebacterium pyogenes , Pasteurella multocida, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter and Pseudomonase aeruginosa. The sensitivity test was done to all isolates toward 10 types of antibiotics where all isolates showed sensitive to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin.