Wasit Journal for Human Sciences

One of the important problems in the history of philosophy is the problem of the absolute and the relative. It has been raised by many philosophers and throughout the long history of philosophy. The positions of these philosophers have varied. Some of them acknowledge the existence of an absolute truth, and some of them see that the truth does not exceed relativity and there is no final thing as long as the world is in constant change.

Abstract
Zurara bin Ain Rumi, originally Shaybani, loyalty, the imam of the school, the scholars praised him, and the imams of Ahl al – Bayt (peace br upon them) praisrd hom, and the companions of the men trusted him.
He referred to him as payment and righteousness, and Al- Kashi considered him the first person among the companions of the consensus, who died in the year one hundred and fifty of the Hijra, and narrated many marrations on the authority of lmam Al- Baqir and his son, lmam Jaafar Al- Sadiq, scattered in the four books of Al- Kafi by Al- Kulayni, and who is not attended by the jurisprudence of Al- Saduq, insight, and politeness by Sheikh Al- Tusi, and we have separated thia in the folds of our rrsearch.
And fom God is the success…….. The researcher is Prof. Dr. Mohsen Shain Ohaid Al- Husseini

This critical approach in the poetry of (Adnan Al-Sayegh) seeks to reveal the sensitivity of the text and the poet's strategy in dealing with his poetic texts. It is an appropriate example of the nature of this approach in its attempt to clarify the relationship between poetic discourse and its employment strategies that govern it, in light of what is produced by the participation of these strategies in the structure of poetic discourse.
What distinguishes the poet Adnan Al-Sayegh's poetic speech is that there is a vision that gives him rejection of the form of content inertia, which brings him into levels of renewal and acceptable rebellion that does not keep him away from his suggestive and poetic function, as well as experimentation and innovation that comes in it to exceed levels of performance and enter
It seems that Adnan Al-Sayegh's poetic work strategy necessitates him to employ what is around him, through open representation on other arts, in a way that allows him to take the appropriate artistic capture to launch the text as much as poetry produces. It seems that the poetic collection tagged (and... )It is a serious attempt to change the stereotype of reading and receiving, because it is in the glow of modernity through working on the sensitivity of the word and the different level of its employment, by combining the visual rhythm with the intellectual direction. The nature of this approach necessitated the pursuit of
The strategies contained in this discourse in their many forms, from the field of the semiotic approach, in order to achieve an integrated descriptive picture of these texts in their modernist path.

The study aims to identify the organizational compliance according Juba theorem in relative to career turnover of the heads departments in wasit am province's Directorate of Education sample cosist of departments allocated over the Wasit provinces Directorate of Education . The proposed idea has been arose based on the compliance role which is not effective inside such a directorate. on the other hand ,the Iab project was implemented with (SPSS) software. The result show that there was declined and descending of the compliance criteria which had led to remark a noticeable career turnover.

This research is concerned with studying the internal developments that Turkey witnessed during the years 1933 until the death of the Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1938, and Iraq's position on these political developments.
This stage was important for Turkey, as it witnessed its exit from the global economic crisis of 1929-1933 and the social, economic and political conditions that cast its shadow on the Turkish reality, and the attempts of the existing government there to tighten its grip on the internal conditions, and link the country's capabilities to the hand of the republican people, who became the only force Which controls the fate of Turkey at all levels.
Boing an eternal neighbor of Turkey, and having neighborhood and its political and economic relationship with it was necessang for lrag follow what was happening in this country. Therefore, the Royal Commission in Ankara followed up on what was happening internally, and it was submitting periodic reports to its higher references in the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
This research comes to shed light on events that took place in a country neighboring Iraq and important in the Middle East, and Iraq's official position on these events through unpublished documents, some of which are published for the first time in an academic research that included two topics: Internal developments in Turkey 19333-1938, While the second topic touched on Iraq's position on internal political developments in Turkey for the same period.

This research is concerned with studying the internal developments that Turkey witnessed during the years 1933 until the death of the Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1938, and Iraq's position on these political developments.
This stage was important for Turkey, as it witnessed its exit from the global economic crisis of 1929-1933 and the social, economic and political conditions that cast its shadow on the Turkish reality, and the attempts of the existing government there to tighten its grip on the internal conditions, and link the country's capabilities to the hand of the republican people, who became the only force Which controls the fate of Turkey at all levels.
Boing an eternal neighbor of Turkey, and having neighborhood and its political and economic relationship with it was necessang for lrag follow what was happening in this country. Therefore, the Royal Commission in Ankara followed up on what was happening internally, and it was submitting periodic reports to its higher references in the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
This research comes to shed light on events that took place in a country neighboring Iraq and important in the Middle East, and Iraq's official position on these events through unpublished documents, some of which are published for the first time in an academic research that included two topics: Internal developments in Turkey 19333-1938, While the second topic touched on Iraq's position on internal political developments in Turkey for the same period.

This research is concerned with studying the internal developments that Turkey witnessed during the years 1933 until the death of the Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1938, and Iraq's position on these political developments.
This stage was important for Turkey, as it witnessed its exit from the global economic crisis of 1929-1933 and the social, economic and political conditions that cast its shadow on the Turkish reality, and the attempts of the existing government there to tighten its grip on the internal conditions, and link the country's capabilities to the hand of the republican people, who became the only force Which controls the fate of Turkey at all levels.
Boing an eternal neighbor of Turkey, and having neighborhood and its political and economic relationship with it was necessang for lrag follow what was happening in this country. Therefore, the Royal Commission in Ankara followed up on what was happening internally, and it was submitting periodic reports to its higher references in the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
This research comes to shed light on events that took place in a country neighboring Iraq and important in the Middle East, and Iraq's official position on these events through unpublished documents, some of which are published for the first time in an academic research that included two topics: Internal developments in Turkey 19333-1938, While the second topic touched on Iraq's position on internal political developments in Turkey for the same period.

Abstract
Al-Raghib Alasfahani is a linguist and Holy Qur'an's Interpreter. He left a great linguistic heritage at the Arabic library till the current day. His interpreting provisions exceeds from the sentence Grammar to the text Grammar due to his vision to the Qur'an context as a cohesion unit on the level of Sura from one side, and the Holy Qur'an from the other side. The Researcher sees that Sentences and Structures are related with each other to achieve the goal.


Abstract
Al-Raghib Alasfahani is a linguist and Holy Qur'an's Interpreter. He left a great linguistic heritage at the Arabic library till the current day. His interpreting provisions exceeds from the sentence Grammar to the text Grammar due to his vision to the Qur'an context as a cohesion unit on the level of Sura from one side, and the Holy Qur'an from the other side. The Researcher sees that Sentences and Structures are related with each other to achieve the goal.

The existence of any country within the scope of the international community requires it to interact with other countries, and not close in on itself. And it will have to take certain positions in its foreign policy that reflect international changes, and how the political decision-maker realizes the impact of these changes.
The United Arab Emirates has not deviated from the scope of political trends and changes, since its establishment in 1971; It has chosen for itself a foreign policy that is consistent with the nature of its political system and was inspired by the internal and external variables affecting it.
The geographical dimension was reflected in its policy, represented by its sensitive location in the Gulf region, which is considered a vital and sensitive area in international politics, as well as its understanding of the dimension of the population variable, its economic impact, and the external variables surrounding it, whether at the regional or international level , and the need to have a foreign policy that takes into account all these variables, and the external decision-maker draws what achieves the goals and interests of the UAE in all fields.
The UAE has realized the vitality and importance of its position with the major powers, and has pursued, with the farsightedness and wisdom of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan, a balanced foreign policy towards the international parties in the context of its endeavor to keep the region from falling into the brunt of international ambitions and the repercussions of the international conflict in the region, which leads to the loss of the region's independence and loss of sovereignty.
The goal of the UAE in establishing links with Germany and France was to benefit from the experiences of these countries in developing its economy and promoting its development projects.

This research is concerned with what the modern scholars of Arabic dialects did not talk about, which is the stable and the changeable in this aspect of linguistics, which was called in the past as the language of the tribes and is now called the dialect of the regions . The research clarified with the inherited evidences , the change that occurred on the term language and how it transformed to a dialect , in addition to what the modern scholars induce about the reasons of creating the Arabic dialects and indicating the stable and the changeable of them especially , it is considered as the reasons by which the ancient and modern dialects are studied .

This intensive critical approach seeks to preview a modern story text, which is an effective model in the modern Iraqi narrative. Uncertainty had a distinctive presence in shaping its creative narrative scene. It tries to adopt a textual psychological reading of the stories of the Iraqi writer Abdul Amir Al-Magir and his collection of stories (Races). It is a group that leans on large on the uncertainty of the fictional personality, passing through two important axes, the first is stereotypical uncertainty and the second is reference uncertainty. Through these two tracks, we have concluded the active presence recorded by the uncertainty in the text, which controlled its spoken, buildings, and ideas on a very large scale.

Al-Tughrai is a creative Abbasid poet, who died in the 6th Century BC. He was a creative scholar and a commented poet. He aspired to reach positions, authority, and power. When I read his Diwan, I discovered that he shows tremendous interest in settings (Place), its depiction, and reference. I also found that he has important techniques in drawing kinetic space, and generating inspirational energy in drawing the place. In addition to utilizing the element of surprise, manifesting textual gaps, drawing the imaginary intellectual place, and finally, utilizing extended narration and recitation techniques.

Obedience of God is obligatory for a man, so he must obey God, be submissive, and comply with His commands, and this is not limited to obedience to God only, but the Almighty associates this obedience with obedience to His noble Messenger, who sent him to the humanity with the Tolerant Sharia, honored him and distinguished him from other prophets and messengers. So whoever wants to win God's satisfaction and win the blisses of paradise Which God promised to His loyal worshippers that obedience to His limits, To achieve obedience to God and His Messenger in all actions so may the Almighty reward him with a great reward that He promised , In addition when reading the surahs of the Holy Qur’an, we find that its verses urge obedience to guardians in the third place , Obedience to them was associated with obedience to God and His Messenger in several verses, Moreover : When we examine verses Quran we find that God Almighty urged His believers to obey their parents and recommends that a woman obey her husband, For this will be rewarded and achieves divine satisfaction, which is followed by divine mercy. Key words: (Verses, of obedience, Holy Qur’an). .

The Abbasid caliphs realized that political power must be based on economic foundations by dominating trade routes and benefiting from them and spreading security and stability throughout the Islamic state. Economical and fertile land, these bounties pushed the Abbasid caliphs to reconstruct the lands, construct dams and build rivers until the yields of the land of Al-Sawad began to increase and the treasuries of the Abbasid state were filled with moneyThis concern worked to reduce fiefdoms, and the transformation of lands into sultanate and Kharajji properties, which devolved to hem from what they inherited from the Umayyad estates, just as the state's interest in agriculture worked on the prosperity of the agricultural economy, which in turn was reflected in the luxury that reached the point of extravagance, It was not the agricultural field alone that received this attention, but rather the commercial and industrial field, with the political stability and economic openness provided to them.
As a result of this political and economic stability and the financial power that grew among the caliphs, women became in the state, and the ladies of the Abbasid palace were allocated private properties that made them an economic force.
This study is concerned with identifying the economic activity of women in the Arab Islamic East during the Abbasid era, in which women enjoyed economic freedom that made them rich in money, jewelry and loss. The state, and if this indicates something, it indicates the awareness of women and the realization of what people suffer from hardship and poverty in some areas that contributed to the disparity in work and collecting money between the classes of women.

The first century AH is an important stage in Islamic history as it includes many companions and followers who preserved for us the Islamic heritage. Among those distinguished men who truly exemplify ies faith, knowledge, and sacrifice in the path of God is the honourable follower Saeed bin Jubair, whose knowledge and piety are unanimously recognised by scholars. He vowed himself to serve the true religion of God after being apprenticed to a large group of companions and followers. Saeed excelled in several sciences, most notably interpretation, jurisprudence and hadith. He reported for us several narrations about the status of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) as well as important narrations on Ibn Abbas and others that are authentically related to the position of Imam Ali (PBUH) in relation to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his household). This in itself is the struggle of the word towards a regime that harnessed its media to obscure the virtues of Imam Ali and his family (peace be upon them). In the present paper, we included several narrations on the authority of Saeed bin Jubair that show how close Imam Ali was to the Prophet (PBUH).

After Arabic language spread in areas far away from its homeland, the melody spread, and some of the public and private languages deviated. So many linguists and critics set out to achieve a supreme goal which is to fight that deviation and corruption that has befallen on their language, to fill the gaps of the defect that afflicted it, to correct the linguistic errors that spread in it, and to adjust what inflected in their languages, which resulted in a great linguistic richness that contributed to purify the language from many distortions that accompanied it. However, a group of these linguists were adamant, or hastened, out of passion over the language, to mistaken some of the correct and eloquent forms, and what can have a side of correctness in its use if they verify it well and thought about it. Their strictness or urgency came as a victory for the most eloquent without the eloquent, or the less eloquent, and that is contrary to what the language allows. As Ibn Jinni said: “Something should not be called a mistake if it has a side of Arabic existing within it, even if other forms are stronger than it” (Al-Muhtasib: 1/236). Based on that, we traced the linguistic corrections that came in the book (Suns of Knowledge in the Language of the Qur’an) by the critic Abbas Abi Al-Sa’ud, which were received in the chapter (On Some of the Errors of Prominent People), with the aim of correcting what this critic erred, even though it has an aspect of eloquent usage within the language.

The legality of plastic surgery in comparative Islamic jurisprudence
Summary:
Plastic surgeries are those surgeries that are concerned with improving the shape and beautifying it, or re-beautifying in the event of aging., And that such operations are in continuous development, whether at the level of tools or methods, and given that the body and face in particular is the property of God and humans do not have the right to dispose of it without there being a legitimate officer who controls it, this study came to highlight the legitimate cosmetic operations, which are either necessary or stipulated in Islamic law, Or those operations that fall within the door of taboo, and due to the spread of such operations on a large scale of society without there being a censor or officer on them, especially at the level of new operations that were not addressed by the righteous predecessors of the jurists, the current study came to fill the shortage in this section.

Rain erosion is one of the most significant morphomaniacs to which the study area is exposed, whose activity and vulnerability depend on the nature of the most important climate element, rainfall, which sees a clear spatial divergence among the parts of Iraq. (2.748, 1.562) m3/km2/year respectively. This is due to high effective rainfall at both stations, while the lowest erosion values were recorded at both Diwaniyah, Samawah, Nasiriyah and Basra stations. (0.003) each with an effective rainfall (3.6) each, while an indicator was recorded (Fournier) on rainfall erosion to its maximum levels during January, especially in the Dohuk and Sulaymaniyah stations (22.8, 21.69) while the lowest in August was recorded, with no exceptions for the Erbil and Sulaymaniyah stations of approximately (0.0001) each.
Key words: rain erosion، Fournier index، study area.

Research Summary
The current research aims to identify the psychological presence, study the potential impact of each of the demographic variables, gender (male - female), specialization (scientific - human) among a sample of middle school students. The sample of the research was (200) male and female students from middle schools.
The researchers adopted the Jubouri scale (2018) to measure psychological presence, which is an essential part of the basic requirements of the current research. Discrimination coefficient and correlation coefficient for the items of the scale, Thus, the scale in its final form consisted of (40) items, this is in relation to the first variable of the study, and then the researcher applied the scale to the basic research sample, which consisted of (200) male and female students from middle schools, schools of science from the scientific and literary branch, and after collecting the information was treated Statistically, by using the t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient, the researcher reached several results, including: Psychological presence among the sample members
Through the results of the current research, the researcher reached the following conclusions:
1. Schools apply psychological presence at the general level well.
2. There is no effect of specialization and gender on the application of psychological presence in schools.
Third: Recommendations:
In light of the previous results, the researcher recommends the following: -
1- Preparing seminars and lectures at the Center for Continuous Development in schools and universities on the concept of psychological existence and making it clear to students.
2- Benefiting from the psychological presence scale in the educational and educational fields.
3- Develop development programs for the various students to be more balanced and compatible
- Suggestions:
To complement the current research, the researcher proposes a number of the following scientific studies and research:
1- Conducting a study and research similar to the current research on other stages of study, such as teacher training institutes, secondary and primary schools.
2- Conducting other studies and research dealing with psychological presence in universities and its relationship with other variables such as (decision-making, religious commitment, motivation, depression, academic achievement).

There is a vision in Mualaqat Imru’ al-Qays that restores the evaluation that took root in the Arab critical heritage till recent time, and opens a door that may be closed due to the nature of the critical methodology, which largely accepted the opinion which claims that the long poem in pre-Islamic poetry is not connected , and did not care about the artistic or systemic tricks that established for the fabricating of topic unity, and it believed that the meanings have a great importance in the entanglement, which established the topic construction from the point of justification, which constituted a criterion in this approach and evidence of what the researcher sees in the structural interconnection between the stations of the mualaqah.
The researcher relied on analysis as being a basis which he started from in revealing the nature of the topic interconnection between the verses of the mualaqah, and it is concluded that the principle of justification is what formed those connections between the verses or the poetic syllables, and created a spirit of reasoning within the moral structure to the degree that the reasons and causes became the real links between the topics. Women may be the main motive on which the mualaqah was based, and it exploited all the poetic pictures in ripening that structure which became a center around which other subjects revolved.
Keywords:Mualaqah, Imru’ al-Qays, organic unity, justification, Al-Hajaj, Onaizah, interconnection, entanglement.
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Critical studies remain of great effect on approaching the poetic works , especially those approaches that deal with the Sufi orientation movement of poets amidst particular circumstances that oblige them to take this path of poetic composition . In Spite of this attempt , it was not a transient experience , rather; it was an artistic trend for the Sufi poetic composition that inclined in one way or another to lean on symbols in its artistic and intellectual texture.
Hence , the present approach is an attempt to understand the peculiarity of the poetic texts of the 1990s generation of Iraqi poets while attempting to alienate themselves in a symbolic manner from political circumstances that endeavored to oppress the voice of these poets . And as a response they tried to rebel against the shackles of the authority through harnessing the symbols behind which the poet hides .Accordingly , the setting was among the techniques utilized and the characters that assisted in engaging them in the essence of this experience as well as those techniques which assist in making them indirect and not clear in their discourse.

The issues of criminal responsibility are hardly increasing steadily, as the frequent accidents that harm the human entity and his physical integrity reveal from time to time multiple forms of criminal responsibility, and these pictures are what we are familiar with today from the growing penal responsibility that began to become clear with the frequent use of smart medical innovations that were not Its work is limited to diagnosis, but has become used directly on the body of the individual, but this medical development was offset by a legislative deficiency in the penal aspect, as the Iraqi legislator did not put special texts to define the parameters of criminal responsibility arising from the use of smart medical innovations, and this responsibility collides with obstacles Especially proving the error on which the penal responsibility is based because more than one person participates in the medical work in which smart innovations are used, and this is what makes proving the error on the part of a specific person is not without difficulty, and for the importance of this topic we have tried to study it according to the analytical study of Iraqi law and within two topics.

The colonial rivalry was linked in the nineteenth century and in one of its political chapters, "The Scramble for Africa." Raised by geographical societies and Christian missionaries in Africa, it encouraged adventurers, explorers and Christian missionaries to work in Africa. And making agreements with local leaders and sheikhs in exchange for recognition of sovereignty and raising the British or German flag in their areas according to the colonial countries, to build major colonial empires, yet they faced the resistance of European countries among themselves, although they differed in their manifestations and political extent, and therefore the nineteenth century was known as a century Colonial competition overseas, where the major European countries have consolidated their control in their colonies through investment companies, without taking into account the African peoples. Out of European control, Bismarck had to compete with Britain for a foothold. There is a historical fact, that the European presence in Africa led to the division and dismemberment of the African continent, which provoked many tribal and national conflicts, and linked their economies to the economies of the mother countries, without the most serious of the needs of those regions and countries, and it succeeded to a large extent in transforming the vast majority of the population to the Christian faith.

The present paper aims at identifying:
The academic flexibility among the primary school teachers.
The tendency of the distance learning among the primary school teachers.
The relationship between the two categories.
The researcher adopts the descriptive correlative method.
The sample consists of about (400) male and female teachers from Wassit education directorate in 2021 -2022.
To achieve the aims of the paper, the researcher adopted two methods (Academic flexibility, Al- Shanaq and Domy 2010) and (The tendency of the distance learning, Mahmood 2012) where Psycho-metric properties are found. It has been asserted that there are two properties which are validity and stability. The standard properties for measurement have been checked. The most important conclusions that it has been found that all male and female teachers have positive high academic flexibility and the teacher has positive tendency toward the distance learning and there is a positive relationship between the two categories.
Key words:
Academic flexibility, tendency, the distance learning

. The strict Administrative supervision is a supervisory authority that the constitutions of the countries that adopted the system of administrative decentralization have been used to organize, because they constitute the basic guarantee, through which the central administrative authority is allowed to intervene to prevent decentralized bodies from violate the national interest. Therefore, this research contributes is to explaining the difference between the strict Administrative oversight, which represents an exception to the general rule that requires the independence of the decentralized bodies and their freedom to manage their affairs away from the intervention of the central administration which have superiority as long as the local units remain subject to the rules for local decentralization, on the one hand.
And b etween between the civil guardianship impsed on minors and incompetent people on the other hand.
The research also sheds light on the limits of the authorities granted to the central administration and therlr types to achieve its goal of building and developing in line with the renewed needs of society, while adhering to the principle of maintaining the unity of ties between its parts.
The research also highlights the constitutional powers granted to the presidential authority in both the presidential and parliamentary systems, and the effectiveness of that authority in extending its control On the central authority within the same country, based on the typ of its politleal Systm

There are many nectar trees in the study area, and they vary in their geographical distribution, which by nature depends on showing the prevailing natural and human characteristics, as it turned out that each of the districts of Al-Suwaira and Al-Azizia occupied the leading positions in the number of nectar trees, while the Kut and Badra districts recorded the lowest districts in the study area in terms of the number of trees Nectar, as there are no nectar trees, is the most important food requirement for apiaries, and is the most important attraction for them. In addition to its importance in the production of fruits of all kinds, especially apples, citrus fruits, grapes, berries, pomegranates, and others. There is a need for attention and work to advance development in the cultivation of nectar trees of importance in the study area.

There are many nectar trees in the study area, and they vary in their geographical distribution, which by nature depends on showing the prevailing natural and human characteristics, as it turned out that each of the districts of Al-Suwaira and Al-Azizia occupied the leading positions in the number of nectar trees, while the Kut and Badra districts recorded the lowest districts in the study area in terms of the number of trees Nectar, as there are no nectar trees, is the most important food requirement for apiaries, and is the most important attraction for them. In addition to its importance in the production of fruits of all kinds, especially apples, citrus fruits, grapes, berries, pomegranates, and others. There is a need for attention and work to advance development in the cultivation of nectar trees of importance in the study area.

Skin diseases have affected the human health and health, especially since most of them are highly contagious and rapidly spreading, so man has sought to treat them and control their causes throughout the ages, since these diseases are ancient and known in the Arabian Peninsula and others, so they have been mentioned in the dictionaries of the Arabic language as well as in morphological and linguistic books, that is why we highlighted some of them to illustrate what the Arabs mentioned in their old and new books.
Keywords: skin diseases, lexical connotation, morphological connotation.

Abstract
This study is aimed to identify the level of attitudes towards achievement goals among preparatory school students towards the subject of English language according to the variable of gender (male - female), the variable of grade (fourth, fifth) , and the variable of specialization (branch) of study (scientific, literary). It was conducted on a randomly selected sample from preparatory school students in the city of Kut / Al-Zahraa and Damuk areas, and the number reached (156) male and female students in the scientific and literary branches, (59) of them are male students and (97) are female students. The researchers used the achievement goals` orientation scale designed by Pintrich(Pintrich 200) and they adopted it after finding translation validity, face validity, internal consistency validity, standard numerical weight (saturation or coefficient) of validity, and finding the stability coefficient for the four sub-dimensions (domains) of this scale using Wackeronbach, split- half , and re-test, and the values were the following respectively: (00824, 00828, 00799. The scale, in its final form, consists of (31) items, and in front of each item , three alternatives for the answer are placed, which are applicable to them ( much ,sometimes - a little). These alternatives were given the following grades, respectively (1, 20, 3), and the mean value was the difference (Theoretical) (62) and the T-test was used for one sample and two independent samples (separate) in presenting the results of this research, which indicated that there are statistically significant differences in the orientations of achievement goals among preparatory schools` students (research sample) towards the subject of English language, according to sex variable (male, female) in favor of females , the variable of the academic branch (scientific, literary) in favor of the scientific branch and the variable of the fourth, fifth grade in favor of the fifth grade . The study concludes that the level of orientation of achievement goals for preparatory schools` students towards the subject of English language tends to increase with the move of those students to higher grades . It also provides a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which is the need to take advantage of this scale when selecting and choosing individuals for some professions or various jobs. To complement and develop the current research, the researchers suggested conducting a similar study on other variables for primary, intermediate, undergraduate and postgraduate students and finding out the relationship between the variable of achievement goals` orientations and some variables, including self-organized education, academic self-motivation, and metacognitive strategies.
Keywords: Orientations, achievement

Abstract
This study is aimed to identify the level of attitudes towards achievement goals among preparatory school students towards the subject of English language according to the variable of gender (male - female), the variable of grade (fourth, fifth) , and the variable of specialization (branch) of study (scientific, literary). It was conducted on a randomly selected sample from preparatory school students in the city of Kut / Al-Zahraa and Damuk areas, and the number reached (156) male and female students in the scientific and literary branches, (59) of them are male students and (97) are female students. The researchers used the achievement goals` orientation scale designed by Pintrich(Pintrich 200) and they adopted it after finding translation validity, face validity, internal consistency validity, standard numerical weight (saturation or coefficient) of validity, and finding the stability coefficient for the four sub-dimensions (domains) of this scale using Wackeronbach, split- half , and re-test, and the values were the following respectively: (00824, 00828, 00799. The scale, in its final form, consists of (31) items, and in front of each item , three alternatives for the answer are placed, which are applicable to them ( much ,sometimes - a little). These alternatives were given the following grades, respectively (1, 20, 3), and the mean value was the difference (Theoretical) (62) and the T-test was used for one sample and two independent samples (separate) in presenting the results of this research, which indicated that there are statistically significant differences in the orientations of achievement goals among preparatory schools` students (research sample) towards the subject of English language, according to sex variable (male, female) in favor of females , the variable of the academic branch (scientific, literary) in favor of the scientific branch and the variable of the fourth, fifth grade in favor of the fifth grade . The study concludes that the level of orientation of achievement goals for preparatory schools` students towards the subject of English language tends to increase with the move of those students to higher grades . It also provides a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which is the need to take advantage of this scale when selecting and choosing individuals for some professions or various jobs. To complement and develop the current research, the researchers suggested conducting a similar study on other variables for primary, intermediate, undergraduate and postgraduate students and finding out the relationship between the variable of achievement goals` orientations and some variables, including self-organized education, academic self-motivation, and metacognitive strategies.
Keywords: Orientations, achievement

Abstract
This study is aimed to identify the level of attitudes towards achievement goals among preparatory school students towards the subject of English language according to the variable of gender (male - female), the variable of grade (fourth, fifth) , and the variable of specialization (branch) of study (scientific, literary). It was conducted on a randomly selected sample from preparatory school students in the city of Kut / Al-Zahraa and Damuk areas, and the number reached (156) male and female students in the scientific and literary branches, (59) of them are male students and (97) are female students. The researchers used the achievement goals` orientation scale designed by Pintrich(Pintrich 200) and they adopted it after finding translation validity, face validity, internal consistency validity, standard numerical weight (saturation or coefficient) of validity, and finding the stability coefficient for the four sub-dimensions (domains) of this scale using Wackeronbach, split- half , and re-test, and the values were the following respectively: (00824, 00828, 00799. The scale, in its final form, consists of (31) items, and in front of each item , three alternatives for the answer are placed, which are applicable to them ( much ,sometimes - a little). These alternatives were given the following grades, respectively (1, 20, 3), and the mean value was the difference (Theoretical) (62) and the T-test was used for one sample and two independent samples (separate) in presenting the results of this research, which indicated that there are statistically significant differences in the orientations of achievement goals among preparatory schools` students (research sample) towards the subject of English language, according to sex variable (male, female) in favor of females , the variable of the academic branch (scientific, literary) in favor of the scientific branch and the variable of the fourth, fifth grade in favor of the fifth grade . The study concludes that the level of orientation of achievement goals for preparatory schools` students towards the subject of English language tends to increase with the move of those students to higher grades . It also provides a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which is the need to take advantage of this scale when selecting and choosing individuals for some professions or various jobs. To complement and develop the current research, the researchers suggested conducting a similar study on other variables for primary, intermediate, undergraduate and postgraduate students and finding out the relationship between the variable of achievement goals` orientations and some variables, including self-organized education, academic self-motivation, and metacognitive strategies.
Keywords: Orientations, achievement

Abstract
This study is aimed to identify the level of attitudes towards achievement goals among preparatory school students towards the subject of English language according to the variable of gender (male - female), the variable of grade (fourth, fifth) , and the variable of specialization (branch) of study (scientific, literary). It was conducted on a randomly selected sample from preparatory school students in the city of Kut / Al-Zahraa and Damuk areas, and the number reached (156) male and female students in the scientific and literary branches, (59) of them are male students and (97) are female students. The researchers used the achievement goals` orientation scale designed by Pintrich(Pintrich 200) and they adopted it after finding translation validity, face validity, internal consistency validity, standard numerical weight (saturation or coefficient) of validity, and finding the stability coefficient for the four sub-dimensions (domains) of this scale using Wackeronbach, split- half , and re-test, and the values were the following respectively: (00824, 00828, 00799. The scale, in its final form, consists of (31) items, and in front of each item , three alternatives for the answer are placed, which are applicable to them ( much ,sometimes - a little). These alternatives were given the following grades, respectively (1, 20, 3), and the mean value was the difference (Theoretical) (62) and the T-test was used for one sample and two independent samples (separate) in presenting the results of this research, which indicated that there are statistically significant differences in the orientations of achievement goals among preparatory schools` students (research sample) towards the subject of English language, according to sex variable (male, female) in favor of females , the variable of the academic branch (scientific, literary) in favor of the scientific branch and the variable of the fourth, fifth grade in favor of the fifth grade . The study concludes that the level of orientation of achievement goals for preparatory schools` students towards the subject of English language tends to increase with the move of those students to higher grades . It also provides a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which is the need to take advantage of this scale when selecting and choosing individuals for some professions or various jobs. To complement and develop the current research, the researchers suggested conducting a similar study on other variables for primary, intermediate, undergraduate and postgraduate students and finding out the relationship between the variable of achievement goals` orientations and some variables, including self-organized education, academic self-motivation, and metacognitive strategies.
Keywords: Orientations, achievement

Abstract
This study is aimed to identify the level of attitudes towards achievement goals among preparatory school students towards the subject of English language according to the variable of gender (male - female), the variable of grade (fourth, fifth) , and the variable of specialization (branch) of study (scientific, literary). It was conducted on a randomly selected sample from preparatory school students in the city of Kut / Al-Zahraa and Damuk areas, and the number reached (156) male and female students in the scientific and literary branches, (59) of them are male students and (97) are female students. The researchers used the achievement goals` orientation scale designed by Pintrich(Pintrich 200) and they adopted it after finding translation validity, face validity, internal consistency validity, standard numerical weight (saturation or coefficient) of validity, and finding the stability coefficient for the four sub-dimensions (domains) of this scale using Wackeronbach, split- half , and re-test, and the values were the following respectively: (00824, 00828, 00799. The scale, in its final form, consists of (31) items, and in front of each item , three alternatives for the answer are placed, which are applicable to them ( much ,sometimes - a little). These alternatives were given the following grades, respectively (1, 20, 3), and the mean value was the difference (Theoretical) (62) and the T-test was used for one sample and two independent samples (separate) in presenting the results of this research, which indicated that there are statistically significant differences in the orientations of achievement goals among preparatory schools` students (research sample) towards the subject of English language, according to sex variable (male, female) in favor of females , the variable of the academic branch (scientific, literary) in favor of the scientific branch and the variable of the fourth, fifth grade in favor of the fifth grade . The study concludes that the level of orientation of achievement goals for preparatory schools` students towards the subject of English language tends to increase with the move of those students to higher grades . It also provides a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which is the need to take advantage of this scale when selecting and choosing individuals for some professions or various jobs. To complement and develop the current research, the researchers suggested conducting a similar study on other variables for primary, intermediate, undergraduate and postgraduate students and finding out the relationship between the variable of achievement goals` orientations and some variables, including self-organized education, academic self-motivation, and metacognitive strategies.
Keywords: Orientations, achievement

Abstract
Women's rights are a prevalent topic of conversation in international and domestic arenas nowadays. It was a pioneer in bringing worldwide and regional attention to human rights and fundamental freedoms. After World War II, numerous international declarations and treaties on human rights were established, and global social groups and organizations emerged. Furthermore, domestic violence is not exclusive to women and wives, but affects all family members and manifests in countless ways. Reduce violence against women and the family, as well as its negative effects on society, the family, the course of events, and societal progress. It is the duty of the Iraqi legislator to stand firmly against domestic violence in the current Iraqi regime and to expedite the approval of the draft law against domestic violence. Some Iraqi legislations have addressed this issue, such as the amended Penal Code No. 111 of 1969, the Iraqi Personal Status Law No. 188 of 1959, and the Law of Welfare Events No. 76 of 1983.
In this study, we discuss anti-violence against women laws in Iraqi legislation and how domestic violence laws can protect women and entire families.
Keywords: women, the Iraqi legislator, Iraqi law, domestic violence

General Directorate of Education Wasit
Abstract
The research reveals the distribution of livestock animals within Al-Shahimiya district according to the agricultural districts according to their types , The study area has too big quantity of livestock, a great wealth for the area, which is about (60554) heads distributed among (cows, buffaloes, sheep, goats), The labor force and experience in animal husbandry is considered the major impact in explaining the spatial variation in the numbers of animals in parts of the study area for the year (2021-2022) , There is a role for the size of the area of the agricultural provinces in its variation from one province to another, As for the most important conclusions of the research, that animal husbandry is concentrated in the Gezira district, and this is due to the large size of the agricultural area in various crops, as well as the large areas in the cultivation of fodder crops such as alfalfa, clover, and fodder mixtures.
Keywords (livestock animals, agricultural districts, agricultural area).

Abstract
The study aims to clarify the impact of the Imam Shiite scholars in the Islamic East and to answer the suspicion that the Shiite Imam thoughts has been dominated by stagnation in scientific and intellectual achievement. It was not dominated by intellectual and cognitive stagnation, but always and still is in the process of renewal and development and the presentation of new ideas, opinions, innovations, theories, hypotheses, and modern theses that are understood, clear, useful and simplified through their completion of works in various sciences and arts. It contributed to the flourishing, advancement and maturity of the Twelver Imam’s thought, and despite the difficult circumstances and pressures being through, it prompted Imam Shiite scholars to assume their responsibility in preserving the entity of the Imam Shiite sect and establishing their presence in the scientific and sectarian arena.
The research includes an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. In the first section, the emergence of the Shiite Imam will be dealt with, while the second section focuses on the most prominent Shiite scholars in the East of the Islamic Caliphate in the sixth century AH and their most prominent scientific and intellectual output. The conclusion is made to record the most important results of the research.
Keywords: Scholars, Shiite Imam, East, Caliphate.







Abstract
The study aims to clarify the impact of the Imam Shiite scholars in the Islamic East and to answer the suspicion that the Shiite Imam thoughts has been dominated by stagnation in scientific and intellectual achievement. It was not dominated by intellectual and cognitive stagnation, but always and still is in the process of renewal and development and the presentation of new ideas, opinions, innovations, theories, hypotheses, and modern theses that are understood, clear, useful and simplified through their completion of works in various sciences and arts. It contributed to the flourishing, advancement and maturity of the Twelver Imam’s thought, and despite the difficult circumstances and pressures being through, it prompted Imam Shiite scholars to assume their responsibility in preserving the entity of the Imam Shiite sect and establishing their presence in the scientific and sectarian arena.
The research includes an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. In the first section, the emergence of the Shiite Imam will be dealt with, while the second section focuses on the most prominent Shiite scholars in the East of the Islamic Caliphate in the sixth century AH and their most prominent scientific and intellectual output. The conclusion is made to record the most important results of the research.
Keywords: Scholars, Shiite Imam, East, Caliphate.

his research presents the reality of the manufacturing sector in Iraq, as this sector is considered one of the most important economic sectors, as it enjoys a prominent importance at the level of developed and developing countries, which imposed on the decision-maker to make a priority of his economic interests to develop this sector in any country in a sustainable manner in the present and the future. The research problem refers to the decline of the industrial sector in Iraq in general and the manufacturing industry in particular due to the exposure of this sector to sabotage and great damage caused by wars, and these industries took a negative decline in production quantities and the depreciation of a large part of the production lines and the lack of funds necessary to restore Rehabilitation of these lines that stopped production, and the research reached the most important results, the investments directed to the industrial sector in Iraq were not as required. In addition, there was no effective industrial base in order to encourage investors to direct their investments to industrial projects in order to reduce interest in investment expenditures for manufacturing industries, and thus directed Most of the general budget expenditures for operating expenses .
Therefore, the research recommends for the purpose of raising the level of development of the reality of the manufacturing industry in Iraq, the investment law must be issued, which is one of the important laws that support the manufacturing industries in Iraq, and interest in conducting more studies that are concerned with measuring productivity, because the industrial manufacturing sector has a great role and wide ability to correct all structural imbalances in the economy that .

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers be upon the master of the prophets and messengers, the Prophet of Mercy, Muhammad (may God bless him and grant him peace and upon his chosen household and companions). To proceed... homophony is an important phenomenon found in the speech of the Arabs, their poetry and their Qur’an. Therefore, we find that linguists and etymologists and others gave more than one definition and statement of it (1). It is one of the prominent linguistic and semantic phenomena in Arabic in which linguists explored the relationship between the word and its meaning , to discover meanings through the words assigned to them, and the multi-meaning Arabic words constituted an important part of the study of linguists, and even the etymologists shared them this interest and study as well. While the general rule in language is that each meaning has its own word that is not shared by any other word(s), yet we find that the linguistic use has often been contrary to this premise or associated with it, and as a result many words appeared that indicated multiple meanings for each of them, so Arabic was distinguished by the abundance of multiple meanings of words until this became one of its characteristics, and Arab linguists called this phenomenon (homophony). ). It is not surprising that they give it the attention it deserves, because the Qur’an is the primary source of legislation. Its interpretation and Exegesis depends on understanding the meanings of its words, which helps to understand the semantics of the text, and on this understanding depends the statement of rulings, legislations, beliefs, and the various concepts of the Qur’an. Due to the importance of the topic, linguists have paid special attention to such words a matter which led to writing works that enriched the linguistic heritage, some of them are independent in special books about the phenomenon , others are in pieces of research, and many of them are included within more general books.
Despite the importance of homophony, a dispute arose regarding the existence of this phenomenon and others, and those dealing with this it are still in disagreement, either about its abundance or its scarcity in Arabic . In the present research , attempts are made to trace back the phenomenon of homonymy and the issues relevant to it as tackled by Saffi – Aldeen Alhindi through illustrating his views and the disagreement or agreement between him and other scholars about the phenomenon , and the reasons for its emergence.

Abstract
The current research aims at identifying Alexithymia in Wasit University's students. The significance of the statistical differences of alexithymia in university students according to the variables of gender (male - female) and specialization (scientific - humanitarian). The statistical analysis sample of the current research consists of (400) male and female students chosen by using the stratified random method. However, the final sample of administering the scale consists of (374) male and female students After that, the researcher has administered the two scales to the research sample and after completing the administration process, the researcher has used the appropriate statistical means for data analysis where the research shows the following results; University students enjoy a high degree of alexithymia, and there are no statistically significant differences in the alexithymia of students according to gender (male - female) as well as according to specialization (scientific - human).
Keyword: Alexithymia, University, University's Students.

Abstract
The current research aims at identifying Alexithymia in Wasit University's students. The significance of the statistical differences of alexithymia in university students according to the variables of gender (male - female) and specialization (scientific - humanitarian). The statistical analysis sample of the current research consists of (400) male and female students chosen by using the stratified random method. However, the final sample of administering the scale consists of (374) male and female students After that, the researcher has administered the two scales to the research sample and after completing the administration process, the researcher has used the appropriate statistical means for data analysis where the research shows the following results; University students enjoy a high degree of alexithymia, and there are no statistically significant differences in the alexithymia of students according to gender (male - female) as well as according to specialization (scientific - human).
Keyword: Alexithymia, University, University's Students.