journal of the college of basic education

The current research aims to identify the mutual social trust among kindergarten teachers, where the researcher adopted the Rotter scale (Rotter,1967), and the scale is in its final form of (25) paragraphs applied to a sample of (150) kindergarten teachers in the General Directorate of Education The second Rusafa, which was chosen randomly, and its validity and stability were verified by extracting honesty by the method of apparent honesty and construction honesty.

The aim of the current research is to know (evaluating the performance of Arabic language teachers and female teachers in light of the evaluation criteria based on performance for the preparatory stage). For the academic year 2021-2022, their number is (2007) a teacher and a teacher, The researcher randomly chose the research sample, which amounted to (90) teachers and schools distributed over the six districts by (15) teachers and schools from each district. A group of arbitrators, and the resolution included (58) criteria, distributed over four areas: Planning (15) standards, teaching aids, educational techniques, and educational activities (12) standards, implementation and interaction within the classroom environment between teacher and student (17) standards, evaluation, processes and outcomes (14) standards, and after data collection and statistical analysis of results using weighted mean and percentage weight. The researcher reached several results, including: The evaluation domain, processes and outcomes (ranked first with a weighted mean of (2.17)), and weight percentile (72.07), The field (educational means, techniques, and educational activities) ranked last with a weighted mean (1.99), and a percentile weight (66.25), and in light of the results, the researcher reached several conclusions, including: The performance of the preparatory stage represented (55.17%) of the evaluation criteria based on performance, The criteria are not achieved in evaluating the performance of Arabic language teachers and female teachers in the light of the evaluation criteria based on performance for the preparatory stage, a percentage of (44.83%) of the evaluation criteria are based on performance, and the researcher also made several recommendations and suggestions.

Instructional Buoyancy and its relationship with the instructional participation
Of high School Students
The aims of the search are the following :
1- Measuring instructional Buoyancy of high School Students .
2 – Recognizing the difference in Buoyancy a instructional according to the gender variable of high School Students .
3 - Measuring the instructional participation Of high School Students .
4 – Recognizing the differences in instructional participation Of high School Students to the gender variable.
5 – Measuring relationship between instructional Buoyancy and instructional participation .
To achieve the aims of the research , the researcher did the below :
Constructed a scale of instructional Buoyancy and instructional participation which consisted of (20 ) items , after finishing conditions of validity reliability and distinguishing the items , The search limits to the high School Students at educational directions in Baghdad governorate Rusafa 3 for the academic year 2021 – 2022 , the community of the search consists of (38374 ) high School Students , (15497 ) males and (22877 ) females , on 39 high Schools from the original community , the selected sample consists of ( 300 ) students as ( 140 ) males and (160 ) females ,the search depends on descriptive method ,to achieve the objectives of the search , the researcher has applied the 2 scales on the search sample , using the bag statistical (SPSS ) the data has analyzed .
The researcher comes up to the following :
1 - High School Students has instructional Buoyancy .
2 – There are individuals differences in instructional Buoyancy for the females .
3 - High School Students have The instructional participation .
4 – There are no individuals differences in The instructional participation between males and females .
5 - There is correlation between instructional Buoyancy and instructional participation.
According to the results that the search has come out with some recommends and suggestions .

The aim of the research is to identify the most common lifestyles and the level of psychological immunity and the relationship between lifestyles and psychological immunity among students of the University of Mosul. The research sample consisted of (900) male and female students distributed over four classes and from scientific and humanities faculties. To measure lifestyles, a scale (Wheeler et al. 1986) was adopted. As for measuring psychological immunity, a scale was prepared that includes three dimensions: (psychological hardness, spiritual orientation, positive thinking The statistical package was relied on in data processing. The results concluded that the most common method among university students is (the surrenderer), followed by the (approbation-seeking) method, followed by the (socially affiliated) method, and the least common method was the (mischievous) method. The results concluded that the most common method among university students was (the surrender), followed by the (approbation-seeking) method, followed by the (socially affiliated) method. The victim), (the seeker of approval), (the controller), (the spoiled), (the avenger) and (the mischievous) were indicative and all were in favor of the males, and there were no differences between the first-grade students and the fourth-grade students. And the calculated T value for the (socially affiliated) method was a function in favor of the scientific specialization, and the calculated T value for the methods (the victim) and (the seeker of approval) was a function in favor of the human specialization, and the level of psychological immunity was high among university students, but for males it is higher than Females, and for the benefit of the first class, There are no significant differences according to the academic specialization among university students, as for the correlation coefficient, it was significant for all methods except for the methods (the spoiler) and (the revenger). Many recommendations and proposals were presented, including holding counseling courses for university students in order to raise awareness and develop sound lifestyles, and conducting studies that deal with the relationship between research variables and some other variables such as mental alertness, cognitive agility, parenting methods, academic reluctance and other variables.

The current research aims to identify the academic advancement of the female students of the Kindergarten Department and the significance of the differences in the academic advancement of the female students of the Kindergarten Department according to the variable of the academic stage. The research sample consisted of (400) A student from the Kindergarten Department at the College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year 2021/2022. Because it is the most consistent with the data of the current research, This scale adopted by the two researchers consists of (56) items distributed over the dimensions of academic advancement and by A paragraph for each dimension, bearing in mind that the dimensions of academic advancement are (academic integration, academic flexibility, academic challenges, goal orientations) and the psychometric properties (validity - stability) of the scale were verified and the data was processed statistically. The researcher used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program The following results were obtained-:
1- The female students of the kindergarten department enjoy a high level of academic advancement.
2- It was found that there are differences in the academic advancement scale among the female students of the Kindergarten Department according to the academic stage in favor of the female students of the first stage.

Studies on the personality of Caliph Omar Ibn Al-Khattab were characterized by a lot of glorification, which depended mainly on his strict personality, whether before or after Islam. With regard to his person, and most of them overlooked some important points in the narration of Ibn Al-Khattab’s biography, especially with regard to the changes brought about by his diligence in the process of Islamic understanding of facts and others. Which greatly affected the non-Arab Muslims in particular - the loyalist - who fell under the influence of the procedures that Omar Ibn Al-Khattab took, whether in the field of preferring the Arabs over others or through other procedures in the field of jurisprudence, the enactment of laws, and the settlement of Arabs in the cities and regions.

The high degree of Urbanization in the new modernization system caused multiple problems with the city environment , including visual pollution , which affected the city residents in always though the an attractive scenery the let to the distortion of the city land scaps and cause the inconvenience, discomfort and anxiety of the human in the long run, so the only the aesthetic sense around him and transforming the environment in which the person lives, a place full of negative elements that led to the concealment off the aesthetic images from everything and the emergence of mental and physical diseases that affect human daily. The research included three dealt with an introduction, the theoretical framework forms of visual pollution, its sources and its measurement. The two topic dealt with the psychological damage to the city's residents. The research concluded with asset of result and proposals the most important of which is the lack of attention to the problem of visual pollution by the responsible authorities , especially the city administration , which responsible for managing the uses of the land to develop solution for all, manifestations of visual pollution in the city of Kadhimiya.

Thank God the Lord of the two worlds in which he began his book and called upon the people of his paradise and the prayers of God on our Prophet and Shafeena Muhammad and on the good and clean God and his mighty companions.
The method is the backbone of teaching, the reason for the president is one of the reasons for his success and how to understand the scientific material, so the tagged research (Methods of Teaching the Prophet Al-Sharif) is a research work that adds to knowledge an origin of teaching in general and teaching the prophetic speech second source in Islamic legislation in particular In writing this research, the researcher went back to public and private sources and studies in teaching and its methods, as well as Islamic education books, including sources of talk, biography, Islamic education and teaching, which are based in its curriculum on the most important sources of legislation. The search plan included three investigations according to the following headings:
Research First: Introduction to Research (Research Problem, Importance, Objectives and Terminology)
First requirement: the problem and importance of research
Second requirement: research objective and terminology
Second Research: The Importance of Teaching Prophetic Speech and Its Objectives
First requirement: the importance of modern teaching
Second requirement: the objectives of modern teaching
Third Research: Teaching Methods and Steps of the Prophet's Speech
First requirement: Methods of teaching prophetic speech
Second requirement: Steps to teach prophetic speech.

This study, tagged with the Iraqi diplomatic activity in Spain from 1950 to 1958, sheds light on the activity and activities of the Iraqi embassy in Madrid, which began operating since 1950, and three ambassadors of Iraq had a great role in strengthening relations between the two friendly countries and represented their most wonderful country Representation as well as political and consular services for Iraqis and Arabs residing in Spain.
The Iraqi diplomatic mission in Spain faced many obstacles in the midst of the tense international situation. The Palestinian and Algerian cause was the focus of the mission’s work. On many occasions, it was able to support these two issues financially and morally, and succeeded in defining European public opinion in general and Spanish in particular, the right of Arabs to support their just and fateful causes.

The concept of cognitive structures is widely used in the field of educational psychology in general and cognitive psychology in particular, but it does not include a single meaning that enjoys general agreement or acceptance. (Outfits: 1996, 416) Cognitive structures consist of a set of general concepts, followed by a group of intermediate concepts, then sub-concepts or sub-concepts, and so on, and each individual has his own knowledge structures.( Atio, 2013: 240) Meckenbaum explains that cognitive structures are the thinking system that directs the method and choice of ideas, and makes use of the executive operator that holds thinking maps and determines when to interrupt and when to continue thinking. Human behavior is affected by different aspects of his activities, which are directed by various formations such as physiological responses, emotional reactions, cognitive aspects, relationships with others, and internal speech is one of these activities and formations. (El-Shinawy, 1994: 119-123)
The current research aims to identify the construction of a counseling program based on Meckenbaum’s theory to improve the cognitive structures of partner selection among unmarried female students in the College of Basic Education. After extracting the psychometric properties of the scale, it was applied to a sample of (30) divided into two groups, (15) students for the experimental group and (15) students for the control group. It has already contributed to improving the cognitive structures of unmarried female students in the College of Basic Education in the experimental group, and in light of the research results, the researcher developed a number of recommendations and suggestions

Grammatical Concepts: There is no direct definition of this term separately, which helps to deduce a definition of the grammatical concepts by presenting the \"concept\".
Concept: Language: It came in Lisan al-Arab: “Understanding: knowing something with the heart, and understanding it with understanding and understanding, and understanding: teach it, the last one is from Sibawayh, and I understood the thing, I understood it and I knew it, and I understood so-and-so I understood, and understanding speech: he understood something after something, and a man of quick comprehension.” It is said: understanding and understanding. And I understood the matter, and he understood it: He made him understand it, and I made him understand it: He asked to understand it

The current research aims to identify the psychological harmony among the students of the kindergarten department, and to achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the (Salman, 2019) scale, which was built according to the (Kjell) model, and it consisted of (39) items, and the researcher added (3) items to the scale According to the opinions of experts and arbitrators, the researcher verified the apparent validity of the psychological harmony scale and the consistency of its paragraphs, and calculated its stability by the re-test method, as the stability coefficient reached (0.82), and by the (Alpha Cronbach) method, as the stability coefficient reached (0.90), and the researcher applied the scale The research sample is (400) female students from the Kindergarten Department in the Kindergarten Department / College of Basic Education - Al-Mustansiriya University. Among these methods (the t-test for one sample, the t-test for two independent samples, Pearson's correlation coefficient), the researcher concluded that the kindergarten students enjoy psychological harmony, and in light of the results that were reached in the current research, the researcher presented a number of Recommendations and suggestions.

This research aims to identify the impact of (active learning) and its importance in the educational process for middle school students).
The researcher followed the experimental method, being the appropriate approach to the nature and goal of the research. The researcher chose one of the experimental designs with partial control, which is the design of the non-randomized control group with only the post-test, and the research community consisted of the day middle schools affiliated to the General Directorate of Education of Wasit Governorate / Al-Aziziyah Education Directorate, and the researcher chose from them the researcher Randomly (Mixed Martyr Ahd Intermediate) to be the research sample, as the total number of second-grade intermediate students was (120) students, divided into (4) sections, and the sample was chosen by a simple random method, which is Division (B) to represent the experimental group of (30) ) students, and class (c) to represent the control group, which numbered (30) students.
The researcher rewarded the students of the two study groups statistically in the variables (chronological age calculated in months, academic achievement of fathers and mothers, intelligence test, and Arabic language subject scores for the previous academic year (2020-2021).
The researcher identified five topics from the Arabic grammar subject to be taught for the academic year (2021-2022) by the Ministry of Education for the second intermediate grade that he will study during the duration of the experiment. A group of experts and specialists were asked to judge its validity. In light of this, the necessary modifications were made, and the behavioral objectives and teaching plans in their final form were ready for implementation.
The researcher prepared a concept acquisition test, with (21) items, of the type of objective questions (multiple choice) that measures the three levels (knowledge, understanding, and application) and its validity, difficulty factor, strength of discrimination, and stability were verified.
The researcher applied the experiment on Monday, 11/13/2021, and it ended on Monday, 17/1/2022, and the grammatical concepts test was applied on Monday, 17/1/2022. The researcher studied the two study groups (experimental and control) himself.
The researcher used the following statistical methods (the t-test, the square (Ka2), the intelligence test, the difficulty coefficient, the discrimination coefficient, the Facronbach equation - and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives). After analyzing the results of the students’ answers and treating them statistically by using the T-test for the middle samples to find out the significance of the difference at the level (0.05) between the two study groups, the following became clear: There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who are studying Arabic grammar in a manner (Active learning and its importance in the educational process for second-grade intermediate students) and the average scores of the control group students who study Arabic grammar in the traditional way in the post-test for the benefit of the experimental group

The Qur’an, Islam in all its subjects, seeks to develop and preserve the individual in all circumstances and in all aspects of his life, from the premise that he is God’s vicegerent on earth. Saleh develops himself with the Holy Quran.

The current research aims to know the effect of the proactive evidence strategy on reading comprehension and visual thinking for first-grade intermediate students. ) located in the Shubar neighborhood, the center of Babil Governorate, and in the same way he chose Division (A) to represent the control group of thirty-five students, and Division (B) to represent the experimental group of thirty-three students, who prepared daily plans for teaching the two research groups and two presentations Among them, a group of experts and specialists were asked to determine their validity and suitability for fourth-grade literary students. The researcher also prepared the two research tools. They prepared a reading comprehension test consisting of two questions, the first consisting of sixteen objective paragraphs, the type of multiple choice, and the second consisting of eight paragraphs of the essay paragraphs. They prepared a visual thinking test consisting of five sections and twenty-five test items of the multiple-choice type, and after analyzing the results. Statistically, the researchers found: the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in reading comprehension, there were no differences between the students of the experimental group who studied the reading material using the proactive evidence strategy and the students of the control group who studied the same material in the traditional way in the visual thinking test, and in light of With these results, the researchers recommended a set of recommendations, including the necessity of using the proactive evidence strategy in teaching reading; Because of its positive impact in improving students’ learning, and training Arabic language teachers and female teachers in the intermediate stage on modern strategies in teaching to develop the ability to understand what is read, including the strategy of anticipatory evidence. On the impact of the proactive guide strategy in improving the teaching of other branches of the Arabic language, such as grammar or rhetoric.

The current research aims to identify the proactive motivation of kindergarten students, and the research relied on the descriptive approach and the research sample consisted of (400) female students from the Kindergarten Department at Al-Mustansiriyah University / College of Basic Education. The theories and previous studies related to the subject of their research, as it included the proactive motivation scale in its final form on (40) items, and the two researchers verified the psychometric characteristics of the tool. The two researchers reached the following results:

1- The kindergarten students are characterized by proactive motivation.
2- There are no statistically significant differences in the proactive motivation of the female students of the kindergarten department due to the variable of the academic stage

The research aims to identify :
1-Managing psychological stress among kindergarten teachers .
2-Managing psychological stress of married and unmarried kindergarten teachers .
3-psychological stress of kindergarten teachers according to years of service .
In her study ,the researcher relied on the descriptive approach in the correlational study , where the research sample consisted of ( 250 ) female teachers for statistical analysis out of ( 301 ) female teachers, out of a total of (180) female teachers in the Najaf Directorate of Education , and out of a total of ( 70 ) female teachers in the Education Branch. Kufa, and out of a total of ( 51 ) female teachers in the Al-Manathira education branch, and they were randomly selected from the General Directorate of Education in the Al-shraf Najaf Govemorate , and its branches , the
Al Manathera education and the Kufa education lot, for the governorate with its center , districts , and all its districts , for the academic year ( 2021 -2022 ) The researcher built two research scales represented by ( the mental resilience scale ) and (the psychological stress management scale ) ,which are as follows .
Psychological stress management scale : which is bassed on the theory of Lazarus and Folkman ,where the scale consists (60) items over four strategies :(emulatrion) from paragraph (1) to paragraph (15) , (social support) from paragraph (16) to paragraph (30) , (searching for information) from paragraph (31) to paragraph (45) (exposure) from paragraph (46) to paragraph (60) , as each strategy It consists of (15) paragraphs .
The validity and reliability of the scale were verified by extracting honesty by ( the two extreme group method ) and ( the internal consistency method ) . Accordingly , the psychological stress management scale in the final formula consists of (60) items in which the highest score is (180) degrees, the lowest score is (60) degrees, and the hypothetical average is (180) degrees , the lowest score is (60) degrees , and the hypothetical average is (180) degrees .The scale was applied to a sample consisting ( 250 ) parameters that were chosen randomly , and after extracting the psychometric properties of the validity and reliability of the test for the scalde , by processing the study data statistically and using appropriate statistical methods , and extractingthe results.
the results, the research reached the following results :
1-Kindergarten teachers are distinguished for managing psychological stress
2-Married female teachers have more stress management methods and strategies than unmarried female teachers .
3-Female teachers who have more than (15) years of service have a management of psychological stress More than female teachers who have years of service less than (15) years .
The words Editorial :
1-Stress Management .
2-Psychological Stress .
3-Kindergarten Teacher

The study of international relations is one of the studies that has recently witnessed a remarkable interest and its importance. The Turkish-Azerbaijani cultural relations have been studied, specifically language and education. If the importance of the subject lies in these two areas, which constitute the cornerstone of culture, both of them worked hard on cooperation and development of language and education between them, especially that this The subject has not been addressed in Arabic studies, and this study is characterized by its proximity (1991-2003), and both the Turkish and Azeri republics have great importance and influence in the international arena. The research covers the origins of the common language between Turkey and Azerbaijan and how the emergence of the Azerbaijani Turkish language, which is one of the The branches of the Turkish language, as he explained the beginning of the relationship in the field of education with mentioning the most important agreements and protocols concluded between them, and the official visits to both countries.

This research revolves around the issue of the abnormal and the rare in the book “The Clearest Paths to the Millennium of Ibn Malik” by Ibn Hisham. For the rule and the grammatical law, the grammarians called them terms indicating their departure from the grammatical rule (such as abnormal, rare, few and others) and they established rules and criteria for them to ensure eloquence and linguistic purity. The grammarians found that there are some linguistic methods or formulas that deviated from the rule and contradicted it as a result of their belonging, for example, to a specific dialect, because the original in the poetic witness that departed from the rule in a way that it violated the Arabic, and this violation was not what is considered a poetic necessity The grammarians overlook it, so the grammarians called it anomalies and rare.
In this research, I traced every word (unnatural and rare) in the book "The Clearest Paths", and mentioned it as it was mentioned by Ibn Hisham, making a title for the grammatical issue in which the word abnormal and rare and their morphological inflections were mentioned

The current research aims to identify the psychological resilience of educational counselors, and for the purpose of achieving the goal of the research, the researchers used the descriptive approach, and the researchers adopted the measure of psychological resilience, in Jassim.
(Friborg, Hjemdal, Rosenvinge & Martinussen ,2003(
For the Psychological Resilience Scale, a sample consisting of (400) educational counselors was selected. The sample was randomly selected from the educational counselors. The researchers extracted the psychometric characteristics of the scale and used statistical indicators. Research mechanism From the results, the researchers recommended a set of recommendations and suggestions

Human factors are among the most important factors affecting the state, as most of the political problems that the world suffers from are mainly due to the human side, and without this factor the effectiveness of other factors is not achieved. The human factor and its related economic and social activities have a great impact on decision-making. The political, and thus the state’s strength and international standing, through the fundamental weight that the population component represents among the general foundations of state power, as it constitutes the work force necessary to manage its affairs and develop its economy, and it also provides it with the necessary manpower, especially on the military side, and when the population practices different types It is one of the values and cultures that prevail in society, and through which we can say that it expresses its national and patriotic will and will play various roles as tools of power that affect other peoples.

This research came to study one of the symbols of the Akhbari school in the twelfth century AH, as it dealt with one of his jurisprudential works.
After relying on God and choosing the investigation to be the subject of my master’s degree thesis, I reviewed the indexes of the libraries that contain these valuables. The choice came to a jurisprudence book from the Akhbariya School entitled Questions of Muhammad in the necessary religious issues by Sheikh Abdullah bin Saleh Al-Samahiji (d. 1135 AH). My share of the investigation was twenty issues with some colleagues in the Department of Islamic Education, College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, to participate in the revival of Islamic heritage so that people in general benefit from it and seek knowledge in particular.

Scholars with the correct and authentic hadith on the authority of the authors, Sheikh Muhammad al-Sabzwari, who died in the year (d: 1409 AH), where he quoted in his book (The new explanation of the glorious Qur’an) information from several sources and many sources. In his interpretation contained in his interpretation (revelation), and the revelation of the research the special study, the revelation of revelation and divides three demands, including (revelation linguistically and idiomatically, the forms of revelation and its divisions, revelation in the Holy Qur’an ).

Reading books complain about twice, despite the renewal caused by primary education in Iraq, and this weakness lies in the linguistic content of reading books, and this did not highlight the problems in reading books (sky, 2013: 20) because of the scientific development taking place, the understanding of the minds of children and students has changed, Our education in Iraqi primary schools is still based on memorization and indoctrination, and that interest in future sciences and dealing with the current variables exists in theory, but it has nothing to do with reality. (Zayer and Iman: 2010: 78) The researcher believes that the problem of weak reading books in primary education in Iraq is a cultural and intellectual problem, because its influence extends to the heart of our lives, which surrounds education from every side and the researcher has noticed this problem while reading reading books at the stage Elementary, as these books are devoid of goals to be achieved in the books as well as providing the learner with the skills necessary for self -learning, that is, his teaching, how to learn, and from these skills are the skills of participation in opinion, the skill of self -evaluation, the skill of appreciation for cooperation and the skill of benefiting from the facilities available in the local environment and the skill of preparation for learning The skill of thinking and these skills develop the goals of the learning process and define realistic goals for each learner so that each learner finds the goals of the learning process. Educational goals that are proportional to his needs and capabilities as well as a strong motivation for learners by providing diversity in educational materials and activities and goals. These skills will not be achieved, unless we exceed learning difficulties that It is a type of manifestation of the academic deficit of the individual, while it includes learning the language and its branches, such as reading, writing and spelling, which belong to mental reasons E or sensory and individuals (Nabhan: 2008-81)

The current research aims to measure the level of cognitive insight among the students of the kindergarten department and to identify the differences in their possession of cognitive insight according to the variable of the school stage, for the first, second, third and fourth stages. The sample of the study consisted of a group of (400) female students from the Kindergarten Department, distributed over (4) study stages in the Kindergarten Department of Al-Mustansiriya University. Using the appropriate statistical means, the results showed that the sample members possess a level of cognitive insight, and there are no statistically significant differences in their possession of cognitive insight according to the school stage, in light of the study’s findings. The two researchers put together a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The subject of concepts has received great attention from scientists, researchers and educators, especially those interested in the subject of knowledge and knowledge building. In the sixties of the last century, the real interest in this subject began, in a very large way, as a result of the scientific development that occurred in that period, especially the issue of the knowledge explosion and technical development, and all of this confirmed the interest in the subject Concepts to facilitate learning and education processes, it has become very difficult in the educational arena to put the learner in front of the large amount of information and the many types of knowledge that are crowded by educational institutions and the continuous increase in the world of information, as was the great change that affected a lot of knowledge and information

The research aimed to identify the congruence skill of the educational counselors, and the significance of the difference in the congruence skill of the educational counselors according to the gender variable (male/female), and the significance of the difference in the congruence skill of the educational counselors according to the service variable (1-5 years) (6 years- and more). In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the congruence skill scale, which he prepared according to Rogers' theory, and the scale consisted of (25) items, and its properties were verified. Clustered, and the results of the research showed that the members of the research sample possess the skill of congruence according to the hypothetical mean, and there are statistically significant differences in the skill of congruence according to the gender variable and in favor of females, and there are no statistically significant differences in the skill of congruence according to the service variable (1-5 years) (6 years or more) ). In light of the results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions for research

In 1946, a group of Feili Kurdish elites and merchants in Baghdad started the establishment of the Feili National School Association in the second half of the 1940. This said Association which took the responsibility for establishing the Feili schools in Baghdad and supervising their administration and financing in the area where the majority of the population were Feili Kurds in accordance with its cultural and educational directives aiming at raising the scientific, moral and religious levels of its children in the society and providing them with modern education. The educational activity of this association resulted in the establishment of its first day school in Baghdad in 1946 under the name of (the elementary school of Feilis for boys) and a few years later another primary school in its evening sections was started. In 1956, the Association started another school under the name (The Secondary Feili Evening school for boys). When it was 1962, the preparatory department was added to the secondary school to form a complete preparatory school which included all the educational stages under the name of (The Preparatory Feili Evening School for Boys).
The Feili schools continued to exist until 1974 after the Ba'ath Authority nationalized all the national and foreign schools on the 7th of February 1974 and converted them into state schools after changing their national names. The name of the primary Feili school was changed into AL Wala'a Evening School, and the Preparatory Feili Evening School for Boys was merged into Martyr Suleiman Evening School for Boys.

This study reviews the spatial increase in architecture due to the conditions that appear in the economic and population area on the one hand and on the other hand, on the other hand, on the other hand, in terms of economic and population on the other hand. On the other hand, its functional structure. The city witnessed urban expansion and a remarkable link in the population. This is determined by the number of residents, and agricultural crops have turned into residential lands.

The current research aims to identify the effect of a cognitive behavioral counseling program in developing the behavior of seeking counseling assistance among middle school students. It consists of (10) sessions, two sessions per week, and the duration of each session is (45) minutes. The researchers came up with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Referral with the Pronoun is the most important means of consistency in the text, because the pronoun is one of the most frequently used intranssitency elements in speech, as it dispenses with the repetition of nouns , as well as the semantic function that it performs in the text, which is represented in clarifying its ambiguous connotations and linking between its a scattered sentence . in the poem (The Guitar of Pain) by the poet Ibrahim Naji, as it was built on a preface and two sections. As for the preamble, it dealt with the significance of referral, pronoun, and consistency in language and terminology. As for the two topics, the first of them was devoted to the place reference, and the second was devoted to textual reference.

This research aims to build a proposed program according to social theory for teaching curriculum and textbook material for students of Colleges of Basic Education, and to know the importance of social theory in learning knowledge and its active role in developing students’ abilities through building and developing knowledge on their own, and that social theory is one of the most important theories in Modern educational trends in the teaching and learning processes have received wide attention in modern educational thought because they link the educational process with the students' environment.
To achieve the research's goal, the researcher prepared an open questionnaire for teachers who study the curriculum and the textbook to find out their opinions and ideas about this subject, and an open questionnaire for students of the fourth stage to know the difficulties they face in this subject, and then the researcher built a program (suggested educational content) according to the social theory and presented The educational content (student’s guide) and the strategies in the light of which the content is studied (the teacher’s guide) was given to a group of experts and arbitrators to verify its validity in teaching. The study came out with several conclusions, in the light of which a number of recommendations were announced:

1- The importance of directing the adoption of the educational program prepared by the researcher in teaching the curriculum and the textbook for students of the fourth stage in the colleges of basic education.
2- Focusing on supporting the content of the educational curricula with activities (the practical side) in all academic subjects, due to what they achieve of self-learning and an increase in the level of achievement

The current research aims to know (the effect of the look before you hear method in the collection of Arabic grammar for second-grade intermediate students), and to verify the current research, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied according to the (see before you hear) method in the collection of Arabic grammar and the average scores of the control group students who studied the same subject in the traditional way collection" And among the students of the experimental group who studied according to the method (see before you listen) in the collection of Arabic grammar, and the average scores of the students of the control group who studied in the traditional way the same subject in achievement.

The Qur’anic readings, with their various names, are abundant material for grammarians in general and Ibn Malik in particular in explaining the facilitating, and there is no difference in that if this recitation is seven or irregular

This research reviews the political history of Sharif Hassan with the Ottoman Empire during the period 1908-1913 and reviews the life of Sharif Hussein from his birth and upbringing and his relationship with Sultan Abdul Hamid II, then his appointment as Emir of the Hijaz and then his relationship with the federalists, leading to his dispute over influence and control in the region, especially with Ibn Saud And Imam Yahya in Yemen and his position on the revolution of Imam Muhammad al-Idrisi in Asir and finally the deterioration of his relationship with the unionists.

Textbooks are one of the important means in the educational process, as it is the vessel that carries the scientific material, and it is the reference from which the learner derives his knowledge more than other sources. Concluding, in order to harmonize with the abilities of the learners and build their cognitive competencies, as it is the guide for the teacher and the reliable reference for the learner. The same is true for the guide, as it is the main reference for the teacher who accompanies him and provides him with teaching aid. The teacher’s guide seeks to help the teacher to refine the student and bring him out according to what the education system wants , which aims to make the student search for knowledge, and then organize and use it well. This guide also seeks to provide knowledge on an ongoing basis, in addition to that, it exercises problem-solving skills in an organized and elaborate manner in a range of situations.
Through the teacher's guide, the teacher is able to prepare the student so that this student is able to practice problem solving in an organized manner and in various situations, and makes the student practice critical and creative thinking in everything that revolves around him. himself, and makes him respect science, and appreciate science and scholars, in addition to that, it makes the student love his knowledge and be sincere in it.
The teacher's guide also provides the teacher with assessment strategies and tools, and guides him on how to use the various educational aids. The current research included two topics, the first, which included the concept of the guide, its importance, the relationship between the guide and the curriculum, the components of the guide, and the second topic, which included the concept of the book, its elements, importance, and methods of writing it

The Islamic frontiers were the first advanced defensive centers to secure the borders of the Arab Islamic state, so the early Abbasid caliphs were keen to take care of them with their continuous care and giving to the Islamic soldiers defending the midst of the Arab and Islamic nation, and this was evident through the continuous raids launched by the Romans on the Islamic frontiers during the Abbasid era the first.
Wabidhalik tajhazat juyush almuslimin fi mudun althughur tilat hiqbat aieasr aleabaasil al alawal limuajahat zahf almuetadin eaiaa hudud aidawlat

We have known that the ruling in determining the linguistic meaning of speech is to understand the letters of the end, and from those letters (to, until), it is through them that we understand the end of the end, so we can determine the legal ruling in which we find the concept of the end, according to the expression of the fundamentalists.

The concept of controlling perceived behavior was crystallized with the beginning of the theory of planned behavior (planned Behavior) in (1985) by the researcher (Agzen), and the roots of this theory go back to the theory of rational behavior (Reasoned Action) in (1975), which was prepared by the researchers Agzen & Fhshbein, in the framework in which the individual makes an assessment of his behavior towards a situation or group of situations, as well as the personal beliefs he has that contribute to questioning this behavior (Notani, 1998:249), It includes the concept of perceived behavioral control over planning and implementation as well as evaluation. Planning is the guide’s ability to prepare in advance and in an orderly manner for each guiding position. As for implementation, it means a set of practical procedures and practices carried out by the guide during actual performance within the counseling office. The implementation process is the practical test of the guide’s ability. To succeed in his profession, the mentor may show an ability to plan and prepare for the mentoring process, but when implemented, he may not achieve the desired goal (Al-Azraq, 2000: 29-30). Since educational counselors are a backbone and a basis in building society, the current study aimed to identify the perceived behavioral control of educational counselors in the province of Baghdad (Rusafa first - second - third) (Karkh first - second - third) according to the variable (gender, length of service) And in order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher built a measure of perceived behavioral control based on the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen), which consists of (28) items, on three areas, and in front of each paragraph there are five alternatives, which are a five-graded‚ Where grade (1) was given to alternative (E) that measures the trait to a non-existent degree, and grade (2) to alternative (D), which measures the trait to a small degree, and degree (3) to alternative (C) which measures the trait to a medium degree, and degree (4) to alternative (B). ), which measures the trait with a good degree, and score (1) for alternative (A), which measures the trait with a very good degree. After verifying the validity and reliability of the scale, the final research sample size reached (400 male and female counselors), and the results showed the following:
1. The educational counselors in Baghdad governorate enjoy a high level of perceived behavioral control.2. There are statistically significant differences in the perceived behavioral control according to the gender variable (males - females) and the years of service (1-10) and (11 and more) for educational counselors.
3. There are no statistically significant differences according to the interaction between gender (males - females) and years of service (1-10) and (11 or more) for educational counselors

The natural factors represented by the geographical location of the study area showed the presence of four sediments in the Quaternary time, and they were represented by the sediments of the floodplains, the deposits of filling depressions, the sediments of the marshes, and the sediments resulting from human activities. The surface of the area is relatively flat, and its height ranges between (20 m) above sea level in the southeastern part and (53 m) above sea level in the western part of the study area. The climate has an impact on the temperature increase in the study area in the summer, which affects the amount of water resources, as its height increases evaporation. The rainfall in the study area is characterized by the winter nature in which there is no rain during the summer months.
Through this, we found an indicator that cannot be relied upon in providing water resources for the study area, whether it is surface or underground, and the greatest dependence on the unified channel coming from the Euphrates River. The evaporation element is of great importance in the hydrological cycle, as evaporation affects the quantitative and qualitative determination of the annual water revenue, especially its impact on the quality and quantity of groundwater. There are 24 wells in the area, including civil wells that were dug by the residents of the area, and government wells that were dug by the General Authority for Ground Water, especially during (the period of scarcity), which is the period during which the water of the unified canal and irrigation streams was cut off.
associated with the terrorist activities of ISIS. There are two types of soils in the study area, according to Bjork's classification, which are silted river basin soils and river shoulder soils. The natural plants in the study area were classified into five types which are river banks, marsh and swamp plants, agricultural field plants, depressions plants, and ancient river course plants

Perhaps the success of the educational process depends greatly on the nature of the interaction between the teacher and the learners on the one hand, and between the learners among themselves on the other hand, according to the nature of the course or topics that require interaction as a stimulus for achievement, whether this is due to planning for teaching or teaching by the teacher in an organized and planned manner in advance. Thus, it pushes the education process from the level of indoctrination to the level of participation and integration with work, and it may be actions, words or opinions, dialogues and movements that take place within the classroom space and which are organized by the teacher with the aim of achieving better learning or developing the learner’s true desire to learn, and take forms Several, including verbal and non-verbal, such as signs, gestures, and movements aimed at communicating and achieving attention to educational situations with continuous activity.
Both Rocky and Barry emphasized that the methods of treatment on the part of the teacher, which are flexible and democratic, lead to an increase in the learner's ability to think creatively.
Ahern also studied a sample of (144) learners and (35) teachers and concluded that there is a positive relationship between the ability to think creatively among learners in education spaces centered on the interaction between the teacher and the learner.
Many learning theories and teaching strategies emphasized the importance of classroom interaction, communication, and intimacy, as they are considered a fundamental basis for effective and active learning.
Today we are facing a situation or practice that is almost new in terms of the necessity of application in the educational process and what resulted from the global crisis of the Corona pandemic, which imposed that virtual education be an alternative, an option, or a method to complete the progress of the educational process, and the accompanying some obstacles that we will highlight an important part. Including in the virtual educational space from an educational point of view to the extent of the impact on the communication process between the teacher and the learner.
The educational process may be affected by human and social communicative and interactive processes, which in their entirety affect the educational practice. The interaction of the teacher with the learners is of great importance in the learning process, determined by the nature of the educational situation and what is related to it and its contribution to building interests, trends and inclinations, and what is reflected in the learner’s performance in academic achievement and the development of team spirit. Generating a sense of belonging and establishing relationships in which an atmosphere of familiarity and understanding prevails, and thus interaction can be considered an important pillar in the educational process.
Class interaction processes are also one of the prevailing trends in teacher performance evaluation until it has become a scientific subject for experimental researchers in the field of learning by taking an observational approach in studying teacher behavior within the classroom and monitoring interactions that occur in educational situations.
In this analytical study, the researcher relied on several axes:
Characteristics of class interaction.1
The role of the teacher and the learner in classroom interaction.2
The systems that dealt with classroom interaction measurement.3
.Virtual attendance, Blended learning keyword:

The study aimed to know the role of primary education teachers trends in integrating people with special needs in regular departments, as well as to know the differences in the role of primary education teachers’ trends in integrating people with special needs into regular departments depending on the gender variable,professional seniority and the geographical area of the school’s presence, The sample consisted of 149 primary education teachers who were randomly selected and applied to them a questionnaire. What is the direction of primary education teachers towards integrating people with special needs in regular departments after verifying its psychometric characteristicsThe data processing was relied on the statistical packages for social sciences program, and the study revealed the following results
-The attitudes of primary education teachers towards integrating people with special needs are positive.
-There are no statistically significant differences in the teachers’ attitudes towards integrating people with special needs in the regular departments, depending on the gender variable.
- There are no statistically significant differences in the trends towards integrating people with special needs in the regular departments, depending on the variable of professional seniority

The aim of the current research is to identify the management by roaming among kindergarten principals, and to identify the significance of the differences in management by roaming among kindergarten directors according to specialization and length of service (2004) ., as the researcher prepared (35) paragraphs divided into (7) dimensions (provoking and stimulating interest and talking, smart listening, smart use of questions and dialogue, removing fear and dread, participation of others in work problems, development and creativity, new ideas). The apparent validity of the management scale by roaming and the consistency of its paragraphs, and calculating its stability by retesting, as the reliability coefficient reached (0.82). Processing the research data by statistical means that are compatible with the nature and objectives of the current research, and the researcher reached the following results: Kindergarten directors have a roaming management, there are no significant differences There is no statistical difference in the variables of specialization and length of service for the directors of kindergartens in the administration by roaming, as well as no effect of the interaction between specialization and length of service

The period of the republican era was characterized by the growth of state supervision over social bodies and institutions, as the social welfare sector flourished, as many social institutions were established in the country, and more homes for orphans and the elderly were opened, in addition to that, an increase in the number of specialists in this important field.
We also find that these institutions relied on state funding for them, through the appropriations allocated in the state budget. The services provided by social welfare institutions to certain groups of society, which often do not have the ability to meet their basic needs on their own, and among these groups are orphans and the elderly.

The aim of the current research is to know the emotional excitement and the level of functional performance for kindergarten teachers, and to know the emotional excitement and the level of functional performance among the teachers according to the length of service, as well as to know the correlation between emotional excitement and the the level of functional performance for the female teachers. (26) items, as well as the level of functional performance scale consisting of (40) items distributed over three domains. The first and second domains may consist of (13) items for each domain. The third field is from (14), knowing that the answer alternatives for the two scales are (1,2,3,4,5) paragraphs, and the research sample consisted of (400) teachers who were chosen by the simple random method from (50) kindergartens from the Directorate of Education of Baghdad Governorate, Rusafa, first and second And third, using the statistical bag for social sciences (spss). The study concluded the following results: Kindergarten teachers have a good level of emotional excitement and the level of functional performance, and there are differences in emotional excitement according to the service variable in favor of the least serviced, and there are no differences in the level of functional performance according to the service variable, as well as a correlation between emotional excitement and the level of service. Functionality

There is a relationship between health security and levels of security (national security, human security) in light of the Corona pandemic. Corona pandemic, as well as highlighting the comprehensive national security system and the impact of the pandemic on health security and Iraqi national security policies.

The current research aimed to identify:- 1- Social confrontation among students of psychological counseling and educational guidance departments. 2- The significance of the differences in social confrontation according to the gender variable (male, female) among students of the psychological counseling and educational guidance departments.
For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the current research, the two researchers: Adopted the social confrontation scale, which consists of (30) items in its final form according to the theory of Arnold Lazarus. The statistical analysis procedures for the scale were verified by applying it to a sample of (400) male and female students. The significance of distinction for the scale items, as well as the internal consistency and all psychometric properties (apparent honesty and construct validity) were applied to the scale in its final form on a randomly selected sample of (260) students, and after applying the two research tools and using the appropriate statistical methods, the following results were reached: The individuals of the research sample have a social confrontation according to the difference between the arithmetic mean and the hypothetical mean. There are statistically significant differences in the social facing relationship according to the gender variable and in favor of males

1- The effect of a cognitive-behavioral counseling program for developing the effective communication skill among female students of psychological counseling and educational guidance departments in the faculties of basic education.
In order to verify this objective, the following null hypotheses were derived:
-The first hypothesis: (there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average grades of the experimental group students in the pre and post tests on the effective communication skill scale after applying the indicative program)
- The second hypothesis: (there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average grades of the students of the experimental group and the average grades of the students of the control group on the dimensional communication skill scale after applying the indicative program).
For the purpose of testing the research hypotheses, the researcher chose the experimental design (the design of the experimental and control group with pre and posttests). The counseling program consisted of (12) counseling sessions and the topics of the sessions were chosen in light of the paragraphs of the effective communication skill scale. The duration of each session was (45) minutes, and each session had its own objectives, behavioral objectives and guiding techniques according to the cognitive behavioral counseling theory of (Aaron Beck) by two sessions week, the research reached the following results:
There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group members in developing the effective communication skill among the students of the psychological counseling and educational guidance departments in the pre and post tests on the effective communication skill scale in favor of the post test.
There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group on the effective communication skill scale in the post test after applying the indicative program in favor of the experimental group.
It turned out that the level of the impact size left by the indicative program in developing the effective communication skill between the experimental and control groups in the post test was large and amounted to (0.69) according to the ETA equation, as well as the size of the effect was large between the pre-test and the post-test for the experimental group, which amounted to (4,354) ) according to Cohen's equation in light of the levels set by Cohen in judging the impact level. To complement the current research, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the Inner- Speech method in developing the academic knowledge structure of university students. Two groups، 6 experimental group and 6 control group، and the researcher used the appropriate statistical means، and the scale and the indicative program were built in the light of Meichenbaum’s theory، and the results showed that there is an effect، which means that the indicative program is successful and effective and contributed to the development of the academic knowledge structure of university students، and the researcher developed a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify:
1. Cognitive independence of kindergarten students.
2. The preoccupation with learning among the students of the kindergarten department.
3. The relationship between cognitive independence and preoccupation with learning among female kindergarten students.
4. The significance of the statistical differences in the correlation between cognitive independence and preoccupation with learning according to the educational stage variable.
5. The extent of the contribution of cognitive independence to the variation in the preoccupation with learning among the female students of the kindergarten department.
The research sample consisted of (400) female students from the Kindergarten Department in the College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University, and their selection was by stratified random method.
To achieve the goals, two tools were used, the first tool is the cognitive independence scale, which the researcher prepared. Opinions, self-assessment, decision-making) with a total of 12 items for each of these areas, while the second tool is the learning engagement scale. Translation of the scale’s paragraphs. The measure of engaging in learning consists of (37) items distributed over five domains (active cooperative learning, student effort, academic challenges, students’ interactions with the faculty, support for learners) and the items are distributed over the domains. The first domain had 7 items and the second 8 paragraphs, the third 9 paragraphs, the fourth 6 paragraphs, and the fifth field contains 7 paragraphs.

The psychometric properties of the scales were verified through the apparent validity by displaying the scales’ items to (12) experts, in addition to conducting the statistical analysis of the items using the two extreme groups’ method, in addition to finding the construct validity by the way the paragraph’s degree is related to the total degree of the scale and the paragraph’s degree is related to the total degree of the domain to which it belongs. , and the correlation of the domains of the scale among them, and the reliability of the cognitive independence measure was verified by the re-test method, which amounted to (0.845) and by the internal consistency method (Cronbach) which reached (0.908), and the reliability coefficient of the learning engagement scale by the retest method was (0.741) and by the method of retesting. The internal consistency (Cronbach) reached (0.701), and after applying the two tools to the research sample and analyzing the data, the researcher reached the following results:
1. The kindergarten students are distinguished by their cognitive independence.
2. The students of the Kindergarten Department have a preoccupation with learning.
3. There is a correlative relationship between cognitive independence and preoccupation with learning among female students of the Kindergarten Department.
4. There are differences in the relationship between cognitive independence and preoccupation with learning according to the variable of the study stage, and this difference is in favor of the second stage.
5. Cognitive independence contributes to preoccupation with learning, but the percentage of this contribution is not large.
A number of recommendations were reached in the light of the research results, including:
1. That the institutions of culture, media, education and universities undertake the task of spreading awareness of the importance of cognitive independence and engaging in learning.
2. Establishing training and counseling programs to enhance the concept of cognitive independence for the female students of the Kindergarten Department. A number of proposals were also reached in the light of the research results, including:
1. Conducting a study similar to the current research on different samples, such as kindergarten teachers.
2. Conducting a study of the relationship of cognitive independence with other variables such as (bearing responsibility, social comparison, quality of life)

The current research aims to identify:
1. Cognitive independence of kindergarten students.
2. The preoccupation with learning among the students of the kindergarten department.
3. The relationship between cognitive independence and preoccupation with learning among female kindergarten students.
4. The significance of the statistical differences in the correlation between cognitive independence and preoccupation with learning according to the educational stage variable.
5. The extent of the contribution of cognitive independence to the variation in the preoccupation with learning among the female students of the kindergarten department.
The research sample consisted of (400) female students from the Kindergarten Department in the College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University, and their selection was by stratified random method.
To achieve the goals, two tools were used, the first tool is the cognitive independence scale, which the researcher prepared. Opinions, self-assessment, decision-making) with a total of 12 items for each of these areas, while the second tool is the learning engagement scale. Translation of the scale’s paragraphs. The measure of engaging in learning consists of (37) items distributed over five domains (active cooperative learning, student effort, academic challenges, students’ interactions with the faculty, support for learners) and the items are distributed over the domains. The first domain had 7 items and the second 8 paragraphs, the third 9 paragraphs, the fourth 6 paragraphs, and the fifth field contains 7 paragraphs.

The psychometric properties of the scales were verified through the apparent validity by displaying the scales’ items to (12) experts, in addition to conducting the statistical analysis of the items using the two extreme groups’ method, in addition to finding the construct validity by the way the paragraph’s degree is related to the total degree of the scale and the paragraph’s degree is related to the total degree of the domain to which it belongs. , and the correlation of the domains of the scale among them, and the reliability of the cognitive independence measure was verified by the re-test method, which amounted to (0.845) and by the internal consistency method (Cronbach) which reached (0.908), and the reliability coefficient of the learning engagement scale by the retest method was (0.741) and by the method of retesting. The internal consistency (Cronbach) reached (0.701), and after applying the two tools to the research sample and analyzing the data, the researcher reached the following results:
1. The kindergarten students are distinguished by their cognitive independence.
2. The students of the Kindergarten Department have a preoccupation with learning.
3. There is a correlative relationship between cognitive independence and preoccupation with learning among female students of the Kindergarten Department.
4. There are differences in the relationship between cognitive independence and preoccupation with learning according to the variable of the study stage, and this difference is in favor of the second stage.
5. Cognitive independence contributes to preoccupation with learning, but the percentage of this contribution is not large.
A number of recommendations were reached in the light of the research results, including:
1. That the institutions of culture, media, education and universities undertake the task of spreading awareness of the importance of cognitive independence and engaging in learning.
2. Establishing training and counseling programs to enhance the concept of cognitive independence for the female students of the Kindergarten Department. A number of proposals were also reached in the light of the research results, including:
1. Conducting a study similar to the current research on different samples, such as kindergarten teachers.
2. Conducting a study of the relationship of cognitive independence with other variables such as (bearing responsibility, social comparison, quality of life)

The Arabic poem has undergone many transformations due to the continuous changes that societies undergo, starting with the demolition of the traditional mold represented by the pillar of Arab poetry, through many attempts and experiments that had an effective role in liberating Arabic poetry from the shackles of tradition and dependence, and ending with the birth of poetic texts steeped in experimentation and ambiguity.

Arabs live in the southwestern parts of Iran, and their areas of residence are called (Arabistan). Arabs have ruled their lands since ancient times, and Arabistan is one of the most important strategic locations in Iran, where oil and gas wells and other natural resources prompted Shah Reza Pahlavi to occupy it and make it subordinate to the central government, and he followed the policy of fracking, and demographic change in Arabistan. The Arabs were also unable to enjoy their wealth. And their good deeds, which prompted them to struggle against the Pahlavi regime, and they played a decisive role in the revolution that ended the Pahlavi regime. The Arabs hoped for good in the new regime to achieve their legitimate demands within the Islamic state system, but they were met with a categorical rejection, and their will was not respected, so they followed the path of struggle to achieve their demands.

Children’s literature contributes to shaping the child’s awareness, conscience, language and imagination, as it is the best representative of the methods of expression, images and ideas. Recently, researchers have drawn attention to the excessive sexual values with which I treat women in Arab society, and this was reflected in school educational curricula and children’s literature in most of its media.Therefore, the researcher was interested in studying the image of women in folklore tales, as women were dealt with in their traditional donor or social image and according to their age, occupational and class roles. In most cases, there is great unfairness in heritage when portraying women, which is reflected in the folk tale that formed one of the media of children’s literature. The researcher extracted from the thesis the subject of this research and its title (Women in the Folklore Folklore for Children).

1-After the departure of the Egyptian forces and the state of chaos that prevailed in the region, the foreign powers, led by Britain, tried to exploit the circumstance to expand their sphere of influence by moving the imams competing for power, striking one against the other, and directing them against the Ottoman government and its loyalists.
2-The period (1840-1849) in the state of Yemen was drawn as a model for one of the Ottoman states over which the Ottoman government sought to restore its direct authority.
3-The first restoration attempts consisted of relying on local leaders loyal to the Ottoman government and greedy, provided that they were supported by the central authority.
4- The Ottoman authority tried to restore its authority through a direct campaign (the campaign of 1849), but it was unable to eradicate chaos and weak capabilities that were restricted by the general conditions of the state, which was suffering from many difficulties and successive setbacks.

Textual thresholds are one of the most important topics dealt with by semiotics in the study and analysis, and they are external and internal attachments belonging to the text and serve as a preliminary idea that puts the reader in the general atmosphere of the text, and thus prepares a necessary plan that obliges the reader to pass through it to stand on the intent of the text and reveal the writer’s underlying intentions behind those texts, and thus It serves as a sign of deciphering the text, its extrapolation, and the removal of ambiguity from it. Therefore, we decided to choose the Abdul Amir Khalil group, “The Struggles of Al-Hafi” as an application model for this study, so we concluded that each text has a threshold to be divided into: the title, the author, the “external and internal” panels, and the gifts. ...

Iraq was distinguished by the phenomenon of political instability, as it was the cause of the emergence of some events that affected the security and stability of the country, including the (Farhud) incident on the first of June 1941 between both Jews and Muslims, as the Jewish minority in Iraq and during the period of the monarchy was one of the important sects in the composition of Iraqi society.
Hence the researcher’s interest in such a study, especially the looting and robbery that accompanied this incident, and even exceeded the aggression between Jewish and Muslim citizens, which resulted in the fall of a number of wounded and dead, and the Iraqi government’s inability at the time to control the situation. God for the intervention of the British forces to control the situation, but the emergence of Abdullah Al-Qassab and his position on the incident made him reject the intervention of the British forces in Iraqi issues, especially since they are internal issues, and this position in itself indicates the extent of his efficiency and policy in dealing with the situation, especially since he requested the intervention of the Iraqi army in order to Resolving issues and conflicts.
In order to clarify Abdullah Al-Qassab's position in accurate details, we must address the incident with mentioning the reasons and Abdullah Al-Qassab's position on it

This study is divided into two sections and a conclusion. Section one is an introduction and critical reception, while section two talks about MacNeice’s poems and the irony in his poetry.
Irony in MacNeice’s poetry seeks to present his perception of the world around his perception of the world around him.And while MacNeice does not seek to hide the sorrow, he attempts to display this sorrow with a touch of light heartedness. As Louis MacNeice illustrates, even death and despair can have a lighter side.
The conclusion sums the main findings of the study.
MacNeice is a slight bit impersonal at times, but only insofar as he does not explicitly place himself as the speaker by using me. Just as he looks at life’s flax in. Variations on Heraclitus, his take on the Greek philosopher Heraclitus’ idea that one can never step in the same river twice due to the constant movement of the world around us. MacNeice’s notion is that one is not to be apprehensive about these uncertainties but simply to take them as they come. MacNeice takes on the issue of licentiousness and promiscuity and while poking fun he exposes the lonely and decrepit final condition of the libertine. In this manner, and even if MacNeice was not personally a libertine, we can be sure that this is an issue he thought about. Otherwise, thus MacNeice achieves both arm’s length discussion of a social issue and an ironic look at a playboy who is representative of many a poet. the poet does not give you a full and accurate picture of the world nor a full and accurate picture of himself, but he gives an amalgam which, if successful, represent truthfully his own relation to the world. Thus the modern poetry of MacNeice does not simply speak of abstract social issue such as sexual licentiousness or if strictly personal issues. His modern poetry is blend of personal emotion and social issues, personal not in a heavy - handed tone but with satire and irony. For in the real world, sorrow exists side by side with joy and laughter.

aims to identify the design thinking skills of students of the Department of Mathematics in the Colleges of Education.
In order to achieve the goal of the research, the following questions was put:
1) What is the level of design thinking skills among students of the mathematics department (fourth stage / morning) in the faculties of basic education?
2) What is the significance of the statistical difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of students of faculties of basic education (fourth stage) departments of mathematics in the design thinking skills test according to the gender variable?
The research sample consisted of (294) male and female students from the mathematics departments / fourth stage in the faculties of basic education, for the first semester of the academic year (2021-2022 AD). The design thinking skills test consisted of (10) essay problems (each problem included five sub-paragraphs of design thinking skills), and the results showed the following:
1) Weak level of design thinking skills among students of faculties of basic education in the departments of mathematics / fourth stage
2) There is a statistically significant difference in design thinking skills between males and females in the faculties of (Basic Education) Departments of Mathematics / Fourth Stage and in favor of females.
In light of the results of this research, some recommendations that may contribute to improving the level of design thinking among students can be presented, which are:
A) Reconsidering the formulation of curricula in faculties of education in line with the requirements to raise the level of design thinking skills among students of mathematics departments in a manner that takes into account individual differences in terms of the logical arrangement and sequence of information.
b) Enriching the mathematical curriculum in colleges with various activities that motivate students to think in a design way.
Also, some suggestions can be made
A) Conducting studies similar to this research dealing with students of the four stages in the departments of mathematics in other universities.
b) Examining the relationship between design thinking skills and achievement among university students in the faculties of education

The importance was manifested in the application of TABATA exercises, one of the proposed high-intensity interval training (HIIT) methods based on the performance of training intensity that depends on doing intense, rapid and repetitive exercises in a short time and taking quick rest intervals between these exercises and has effective effects on the aerobic and anaerobic energy system The researcher used the experimental method for one experimental group on a sample of (7) players from the Karkh 2 breeding team. The research sample was chosen randomly. The researcher conducted the tribal tests, which are the test of lactic ability, measurement of blood oxygen saturation, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and free-throw test, and then by applying the proposed TABATA exercises for a period of (8) weeks, with two units. During the week and collecting the results, the researcher reached the following conclusions: The adoption of (TABATA) exercises works to develop some physiological abilities and the shooting skill of junior basketball players, and the researcher recommended the need to generalize this type of exercises.

The study aimed to prepare a psychological training program according to emotional regulation and the effect of this approach on the offensive tactical intelligence of the players of the shutters weapon. Diyala) for the fencing of 16 players for the advanced category, the researcher used (4) of them in the exploratory experiment, The rest of the players were selected as a sample for research, thus the number of the sample became (12) players, and a percentage (75%) of the original community, so the researcher divided the sample members into two groups randomly by lottery, the first represents the experimental group and the second represents the control group, each group consisting of (6) players, In it, the statistical results extracted in tables were presented with the analysis and discussion of those results according to the theoretical knowledge bases backed by scientific references. Through these results, the researcher concluded that the psychological training program proved that emotional regulation contributes to improving the tactical intelligence of the players, and as the researcher recommended a set of recommendations Including the need to pay attention to the psychological aspect when developing training programs for the players, as well as the presence of the psychological preparation (specialist in the field of sports psychology) with the team to prepare the players psychologically, similar to the physical and skill coach for the success of the training process.

The aim of the current research is to identify the imaginative thinking skills of students_teachers in the Department of Mathematics / Faculties of Basic Education. The research community was limited to students-teachers in the Department of Mathematics in the Colleges of Basic Education, in the Iraqi universities (Al-Mustansiriya, Maysan, Diyala, Mosul, Tal Afar, Tikrit, Kufa) in the morning study for the academic year 2021-2022. The Mathematics Department of the universities (Al-Mustansiriya, Maysan, Diyala) with a total number of (440) male and female students. The two researchers prepared a measure of the imaginative thinking skills of the students-teachers in the Mathematics Department, and it consisted of ((30 paragraphs in its final form). From the stability of the scale using the internal consistency coefficient method (Alpha-Cronbach), the stability coefficient was (0.874).After applying the research tool to the sample, the scale was corrected and the data was sorted and analyzed statistically. And females in their possession of imaginative thinking skills.In the light of these results, the researchers reached a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The objectives of the research: preparing educational units using Daniel's model in teaching some basic skills in rhythmic gymnastics for female students and identifying the effect of educational units prepared in teaching some basic skills in rhythmic gymnastics for female students in the research sample. The two researchers determined the research community in the intentional way with the students of the first stage, Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Basic Education / Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the academic year 2022.2021, and their number is (140) students divided into four divisions (A, B, C, D) to represent the total community and the research sample was chosen. Randomly and by lottery method from two divisions (D + B), as Division (D) represented the experimental group, with (23) students, and Division (B) represented the control group, with (23) students. The two researchers excluded a number of female students from the research sample. The two researchers conducted the equivalence of the two research groups with the skills under study, then an exploratory experiment was conducted, after which instruction units were designed according to Daniel’s model. The two researchers used the statistical bag to reach the results and in turn to the conclusions, the most important of which is that the Daniel model has a positive effect on the performance of some basic skills in the rhythmic gymnastics for the female students. And Daniel's model helped reveal the students' own abilities, skill level, and learning capabilities. Based on the conclusions reached by the two researchers, they recommend preparing special programs for teachers to train them in preparing the building of educational units using the Daniel model. Directing the teacher and the school to pay attention to the use of educational and teaching methods and to diversify them in a way that suits the needs and content of different sporting events. Emphasis on conducting research and studies of the Daniel model in the sports field for all events, sports and other skills.

The aim of the current research is to identify (statistical thinking skills included in mathematics textbooks for the intermediate stage for the academic year 2021-2022 AD). Mathematics books for the intermediate stage, and there are (3) mathematics books for the academic year (2021-2022 AD), and the idea unit (explicit, implicit) was adopted as a unit of analysis, and repetitions as a unit of counting. The apparent validity of the tool by presenting it to a group of arbitrators, and the final list included (40) indicators and (26) sub-skills distributed on (4) major skills for statistical thinking. The validity of the analysis and the stability of the analysis were confirmed by the two methods over time (the researcher with herself after a certain period of time), and through the brother Ren (the researcher with other analysts), and calculating the percentage of agreement using the Holsti equation, and the researcher used Cooper's equation, frequencies and percentages as statistical means, and the research reached the most important results, the most important of which is that the mathematics books decided on the intermediate stage, but included their statistical components, all In varying proportions, and in an unbalanced manner, recommendations were made, including: (observing balance when including statistical thinking skills in the content of mathematics books decided at the intermediate stage, in proportion to the scientific level of the subject, taking into account the diversity in the mathematics and proposed stage selection studies). Preparatory school according to statistical thinking skills and the extent to which students have acquired them, conducting descriptive studies to determine the extent to which learners possess statistical thinking skills and for different educational stages.

The aim of the research is to analyze the content of the mathematics books of the lower primary stage according to the skills of creative solving of verbal problems, and to verify the goal of the current research, the following questions were derived:
1) What are the creative solving skills of verbal problems in the content of mathematics books for the lower primary stage?
2) What are the skills of creative solving verbal problems in the content of the mathematics textbook for the first grade of primary school
3) What are the skills of creative solving verbal problems in the content of the mathematics textbook for the second grade of primary school
4) What are the creative solving skills of verbal problems in the content of the mathematics textbook for the third grade of primary school
In order to achieve the goal of the current research, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and determined the study community by the content of mathematics books for the upper primary stage . The main and sub-skills for creative solving verbal problems and their indicators, where the number of main skills was (3) skills, (10) sub-skills, and (31) indicators indicative of which were verified by their validity and stability . The explicit and implicit idea as a unit of analysis, frequencies, percentages, and the Holesti equation ) as statistical means, and the stability coefficient of the analysis was calculated over time and across analysts, and the results showed the following:
1) upper primary stage contains low percentages of creative solving skills for verbal problems, as its repetitions in all the content of the three books mentioned above reached (2905) recurrences.
2) The skill (understanding the problem) achieved the first rank in the content of each of the mathematics textbooks for the upper primary stage, followed by the skill (generating ideas) in the second rank, and then the skill (planning for implementation) in the third rank.
In light of the results of the study, the researcher Tan presented some of the recommendations and proposals, most notably, reconsidering the formulation of the content of mathematics books for the upper primary stage , by employing creative solutions to verbal problems in high and equal proportions in their content. According to the creative solving skills of verbal problems and the extent to which students have acquired them

The importance of the research enables that the qualifying exercises have a role in returning the players to the stadiums at the maximum speed while restoring their functional competencies in the shortest possible time to avoid complications as a result of this injury. The injury resulting from the increased load on the joints, muscles and tendons working on them, as well as not taking complete and sufficient rest for the case of hospitalization, so the researchers decided to study this problem in preparing rehabilitation exercises and the effect of these exercises in improving and restoring the recovery of the dislocation injury in the shoulder joint for basketball players, and the aim of the research is to identify the effect of Rehabilitative methods in the treatment of partial dislocation of the shoulder joint among basketball players, and the researchers used the experimental method designing one group with two tests, pre and post tests. The researchers used the selection of the shoulder joint force on the research sample with two choices, pre and post, for. One group in favor of the post-test and the results it reached using the statistical bag (Tetest), and the conclusions reached by the effect of the rehabilitation exercise program on strength development shoulder-strength shoulder joint

texts based on folk tales for the students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the school theater subject according to the Katina model, and then measuring the size of the effect in developing the skills of preparing texts. With the application of a pre and posttest, where the research sample consisted of (30) male and female students from the theater department at the Institute of Fine Arts, second stage / Karkh The researcher has prepared two tools for the current research:
First: a cognitive test consisting of two questions
Second: a skill test (note form)
Among the most important results of the research
1. The impact size of the program. 2. The effect size of the program in the post- skill performance test was (0,21), and therefore the effect size is considered to have a high impact for the experimental group. Direct inquiry: 1. Determine the exact path. 2. The clear increase in the number of theatrical texts for the same experimental group gives a clear indication of the effectiveness of the educational program. Effective:
-1. The inclusion of topics and special parameters previous texts of the authority and the School of Fine Arts, the school theater course
2. The possibility of benefiting from the Katina model to develop the skills of preparing theatrical texts in teaching Some scientific skills in general

The current research aims Knowing the percentage of future thinking skills in the content of the mathematics book for the fourth grade of primary school in the academic year (2021-2022) , the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach method, and the research sample consisted of a fourth -grade mathematics book approved in the academic year (2021-2022), A content analysis tool was prepared for this purpose according to future thinking skills, and its validity was verified by presenting it to a number of experts, The idea unit (explicit and implicit), and (Holisti)adaptive reasoning and using frequency and percentages, and the research concluded that future thinking skills were available in (very low-low) percentages, representation skill (33.22%), visualization skill (25.68%), problem solving skill (20.75 %), and prediction skill (20.35%). Accordingly, and in light of this, a number of recommendations were presented, including the need for the directorates of preparation and training to hold training courses, seminars and workshops for mathematics teachers in the primary stage in order to raise their professional levels, introduce them to future thinking skills, and train them to employ methods of future thinking in their lessons. and suggested conducting an analytical study of the content of mathematics books at the secondary stage according to the skills of future thinking

The researcher pointed out through the sum of the festive theatrical works that he directed some of the empty spaces contained in the theories of directing, which prompted him to strive in the research to find a mechanism for performance in the performances of the ceremonial theater different from what is prevalent, so what he called (photography) where the researcher adopted it in most of his theatrical outputs as a mechanism in the performance of the actor. In order to give the character of honesty to this term, the researcher resorted to the adoption of dictionaries of the rules of the Arabic language in fixing its definition and connotations by returning it to its triple action and then resorting to its derivative discharge according to the table of weights adopted in the discharge of actions down to its idiomatic definition in the field of theater and then coming up with its concept through application.
Therefore, the problem of research was the following question:
(What is the different technique that helps the actor and director to reach the structure of the ceremonial theatrical character)?
While his goal became to give the adjective honesty to the term (photography) as a new technique that helps the actor and director to revive the dramatic character in the festive theatrical performance, then its importance in that it benefits researchers and scholars in the field of theater, and then determine the terms that appeared in the title of the research with mention of the temporal, spatial and objective limits of the research.
The theoretical framework was based on two sections, the first came under the title of perception - meaning and concept - while the second came under the title of presence and prohibition, where the researcher addressed the concept of each of them and ended up fixing the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework, perhaps the most important of which is the definition of the mechanism of perception as the immediate transformation of the performer so that it appears at every moment and according to the data of the event a personality other than the one before or after it, and that the presence is physical and moral, and the prohibitions are all names that contradict the concepts Religion social norms and political systems
In the research procedures between the researcher and his research community and his sample and the reasons for choosing them and then the research method and tools and thus the narrative of the structure of the storyteller of the presentation and then his analysis and finally reached the set of results he discussed based on the indicators of the theoretical framework and perhaps the most important of which is that the basic idea of the presentation which was built on the concept of adultery, whether in the parish, incest or animals is one of the most dangerous prohibitions religiously, socially, customarily and politically. After that, the researcher mentioned the most important conclusions, concluding his research with a list of sources and references

The researcher dealt with the origin of recitation and its concept in the first topic and how primitive man began to imitate nature and imitate its sounds. From these sounds, the word and then the language arose, which represents the important and main communication and communication link between the members of society and through it the expression of emotions, feelings and sensory perceptions within each person, as I dealt with in the topic The second is the problems that actors encounter when they speak Classical Arabic, and how the environment and the different dialects can affect the recitation of the Arabic language, and how exercises for the speech organs of the lips, teeth, tongue and throat can have a significant impact on being able to deliver the Arabic language in a sound and free of impurities.
Colloquial and ecological dialects

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of primary school pupils' possession of numerical skills.
In order to achieve the goal of the research, a test was prepared consisting of (23) objective items and distributed over five skills, namely (numbers and numbers, arithmetic operations and estimation of their outputs, finding numerical relationships, numerical problems, mental and written arithmetic), and the apparent validity of the test was calculated by presenting it to a group of The arbitrators and experts and the validity of the internal consistency in the light of the following indicators (the relationship of the item score with the total score of the test, the relationship of the item with the skill attached to it). As for the reliability of the test, it was calculated using the Keuder-Richardson equation (K - R20), and it was applied in the academic year 2021-2022 on a sample of The sixth grade students in the General Directorate of Education of Maysan Governorate, consisting of (240) students, applied the test for a period of three days, starting from Sunday corresponding to (3/13/2022), and the following statistical methods were used (difficulty coefficient, discrimination coefficient, effectiveness of wrong alternatives , chi-square, T-test for one and two samples) using the SPSS statistical package, and the following results were reached:
There is a weakness in the level of numerical skills of primary school students.
The two researchers recommended several recommendations, including educating mathematics teachers of the importance of numerical skills among female students as one of the important goals of teaching mathematics, as well as qualifying and training them through training courses.
Some proposals were also put forward, including: conducting a study on the causes of difficulties in learning numerical skills and the extent of their spread in Baghdad or in other provinces

The current research aims to identify the inclinations of male students in Iraqi schools towards mathematics. The descriptive survey method was adopted for the research. The research sample consisted of (300) male students from the sixth grade of primary school of the General Directorates of Education of Baghdad / Al-Rusafa Governorate (the first, the second, and the third), and Karkh (the first, the second, and the third). They were chosen at random for the second semester of the year (2021-2022) A.D . Then preparing the research tool, which is: a questionnaire to measure inclinations towards mathematics, consisting of (17) items, and using the alpha-Cronbach equation, the value of the reliability coefficient was (0.876). The results showed a high percentage of male students' inclinations towards mathematics in general. The total percentage of male students’ inclinations reached (87.21%), while the first domain of the inclinations scale achieved the lowest percentage, which amounted to (81.90%), While the second domain achieved the highest percentage in the scale domains, amounting to (92.51%). Several recommendations were reached, the most important of which is the diversity of teaching methods and methods used in the presentation of educational content that develop the desires of boys' students and lead to their attraction and increase their interaction, participation, and motivation towards learning and their acquisition of mathematical understanding

Pedagogy means the methods, principles and methods of education, and the set of works that the teacher uses in the context of his job to transfer knowledge and education to his students within a school context. (Hill et al, 2008.23)
As for pedagogical content knowledge (P.C.K), it is a mixture of both content and pedagogical knowledge, which corresponds to the subjective experience of the teacher to be able to expand his understanding about how to teach a specific subject by adapting to the needs and abilities of learners, and it is represented in the teaching strategies and methods used in teaching specific curricular content within an educational context Specific directed to achieve specific educational goals and values. (Shulman, 1986: 15)
Mathematical literacy refers to the necessary amount of mathematical knowledge of concepts, principles, skills and processes related to mathematics, and the ability to use mathematical thinking methods to solve problems, in addition to knowledge of the historical development of mathematics and the contributions of Arab and Muslim scholars in this development. (Badr, 2010: 204)
The current research aims to determine the Enlightenment of the students in the second intermediate grade.
To accomplish this aim, the following null hypothese was formulated:
- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average grades of the second-grade intermediate students and the hypothetical average in their mathematical Enlightenment test.
The researcher adopted the descriptive approach. and the research sample was chosen randomly from the research community, (1674) male and female students in the middle school of the six general directorates of Baghdad Education. And to achieve the goal of the research, the following tool was prepared: Enlightenment mathematical Test for second grade intermediate students, which consists of (22) paragraph of a multiple-choice type with four alternatives. The validity of the test and the scale were verified, and the constant coefficient was acceptable by using the (Quadrichardson-20) equation to find the test, and the Mathematical Fluorescence Test vertebrae reached (0.81), while the constant coefficient for the test was accepted using the (Alpha-Cronbach) formula.
Using the following statistical methods: ((t-test) for one sample, and Pearson's correlation coefficient), the results of the current research show the following:
- The middle school students have a weak level of mathematical enlightenment.
In light of the research results, the researcher made some recommendations, including:
- Activating the mathematics lab and enriching it with educational means that will improve the students' enlightenment level by increasing their knowledge and linking mathematics to their reality.
As put forward some suggestions including:
-An analytical study of middle-level mathematics books according to the dimensions of mathematical enlightenment.

Contemporary epistemology has contributed to the development of scientific thought, which contributes to establishing relationships between the components of artistic achievement to give aesthetic organizations in the diversity of metaphors of ideas. The surface of the artistic work in which the artistic images are formed, the objective and expressive equivalent, in a way that is reproduced by the individual artist and presented again in an aesthetic way. Through the forms of raw materials and performing techniques used, the research included a definition of the terms mentioned. The second chapter contained two sections about me, the first is epistemology and art, and the second is synthesis art and its role in artistic expression. The third chapter is about me with the research procedures by selecting a sample of 20 artworks from synthesis art and was deliberately selected 3 models for analysis As for the fourth chapter, about the results, from which the artwork is considered a field of signs Objectives with different connotations Revealing the structural structure in contemporary assemblage art stimulates the aesthetic taste of the learner in terms of the relationships between the structures of the artwork as in Model 1,2,3 and the conclusions, recommendations and suggestions and the English language summary.

Our research tagged (the technique of combination and composition and its role in the experience of the artist Ai Weiwei) deals with two main chapters: Chapter One: The general methodological framework that witnessed / the research problem and its importance: Note that it sheds light on the artistic transformations in the contemporary artistic formation, which constitute a shift that shows a shift in the level of artistic performance And the intellectual, which has become based on its importance in presenting the idea and giving it preference over individuality in innovation and innovation. In creative artistic production and its production mechanisms, and this is what reinforced the need for different presentation techniques and mechanisms, a transitional stage in the infrastructure of the idea of artistic betrayal based on the idea. Abstraction and distinction of the technique of merging and installation and its impact on the transformation and development of postmodern art products Let us come up with several questions to the problem: it included in (What is the technique of combination and composition and the mechanisms of its manifestation in contemporary artistic formation? What are the formal transformations that occurred through which the artistic achievement? What is the role of the technique of combination and composition in bringing out the artistic experience of the artist Ai Weiwei? And what are the means and mechanisms adopted by him? In directing his artistic output through this technique?), passing through the aim of the research, which is to identify the technique of combination and composition and its role in the experience of artist Ai Weiwei. With the fixation of the spatial, temporal and objective limits of our tagged research with a specification of its terms that include the technique of combination and synthesis. As for the second chapter (theoretical framework), which included two sections: The first topic (the technique of combination and composition in artistic formation), which highlights the important role of the technique of combination and composition in the development and change in the artist’s experiences towards the unfamiliar and shocking the recipient with exoticism and provoking controversy towards it, which led him to transform the transformation in Material and experimentation with various materials and raw materials, especially towards the convergence and integration of painting and sculpture with other arts, and to strengthen the mixed art based on the use of different materials used in artistic formation to put art on new frontiers of movements in diverse artistic direction, especially postmodern arts. With mentioning its most important artists and their intentional experiences, who are the basis for activating technology and turning against for The previous standards through it, and breaking the boundaries of the achievement towards existence and pairing it with other artistic methods of artistic creation that are unfamiliar and different from the sight. As for the second topic: (The technique of combination and combination and its role in the experience of the artist Ai Weiwei): in which we highlighted the uniqueness of the artist in his approach to the language of expression and its realization through the concept of art as an idea and integrated with the technique of combination and composition in the formation of his strange and unfamiliar artistic products, and its prominent role in expressing His various topics according to new formulations of the concept of idea and meaning, in his representation and recording of the instant-time event in reality, as a language of discourse with reception through which his messages directed to the audience are transmitted, with the transfer of a large part of his conceptual and theoretical descriptions, to his holdings of elements And the formal sensory vocabulary borrowed from his lived social environment, which turned into practical propositions that were read as composite formative features of the conceptual achievement. With the reinforcement of the most prominent technical experiences accomplished by him through the technique of collection and installation. Coming to the third chapter, the results and conclusions, some of which we review: (1) The artist Ei Weiwei is one of the artists who approached their language of expression and achieved it through the concept of art as an idea and activated by employing the technique of combination and installation in Forming his artistic productions, and their role in expressing his various topics, establishing his artistic experience according to new formulations of the concept of idea and meaning, in his representation and real-time recording of the event in reality.2. The smart use of different or consumable materials and their transformation into an innovative artistic product of new, atypical forms through the technique of collection and installation, illusion the sight of other composite materials with new, unfamiliar bodies. 3. The technique and its working mechanism for the artist is an important factor in pushing him towards its contrast with other arts such as architecture and its integration with its huge walls.) As for the conclusions, some of them included: (1) The social, cultural and political environment was a major source of (his inspiration and mental reflections) that It helps him with new ideas, activated by his contemporary technology, which reveals its influential role in bringing out those huge and strange sculptural edifices, which unite with its small important parts to form the whole, in line with the artist’s view of the world that the part is no less important and unique than the whole. , He made his language in expressing himself a distinctive official speech with reality and personal memory, sanctifying the individual in society by relying on his formal borrowed vocabulary and intentionally linked to the social environment and its cultural heritage. Relationship to the material Borrowed from the reality of living, natural and manufactured different raw materials, which formed the language of an advertising discourse directed directly to the recipient, sending its influences on the mind of the recipient, to interact with him, to release his intellectual readings towards it, and in turn announce that interactive process achieved between them, the game of vulnerability and communication or communication between them at the moment of the shock to the recipient.) With mentioning some of the recommendations and suggestions, some of which were: Recommendations: Introducing curricula that shed light on the importance and role of the technique of combination and installation in the plastic arts. A proposal for a study in: the aesthetics of visual presentation of the products of combination and installation in contemporary art formation). With the installation of the list of sources and references that we adopted in writing the research.

Animation films have achieved great success and fame at the level of cinematic and television works, and this success would not have been achieved if there were no effective and influential forces within the structure of the artwork so that the work maker could deliver his idea and message to the audience, and from this point the researcher will address the issue of the active forces in cartoon films. Animation, and -:the research is divided into four chapters as follows
The first chapter (the methodological framework) included the research problem, which was represented by the following question: What are the characteristics of the formal structure and its role in representing the ?active forces in animation
Hence the importance and objectives of the research, as well as the
.limits of the research
What is the second chapter (theoretical framework) and it was divided into three sections
The first topic (the genesis of animation)
The second topic (formal characteristics of the active forces)
The third topic (representations of the active forces in animation)
:As for the third chapter (research procedures), it included
The research method, where the researcher adopted the descriptive approach and the research sample, which was represented in the movie (frozen), which was chosen as an intentional sample that fits with the subject and unit of analysis, the analysis tool, and finally the analysis of .the sample
As for the fourth chapter (conclusions and conclusions), it included the results of the research reached by the researcher, the most important of : which are
The active forces possessed their basic characteristics as being a real -1 actor thanks to their influencing abilities on the narrative, semantic and . aesthetic level
The formal structure of the active forces tends to move away from -2 .what is prevalent and traditional
Formal structures have an active and essential presence in -3 .representing the active forces in all models of analysis key words
Active Forces - Anime Movies - Anime Series

The research includes the introduction of the research, its importance, the research problem, and the research objectives, which are:
Preparing special units for individual self-learning using compound exercises in some offensive skills in basketball and their implementation and knowing the effect of special educational units on individual self-learning using compound exercises in some offensive skills in basketball. As for the research hypotheses, there were statistically significant differences between the results of the tribal tests and the results of the post tests For the experimental and control groups in some offensive skills in basketball and in favor of the post tests, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the tests The tribal and the results of the post tests for the experimental and control groups in some offensive skills in basketball and in favor of the post tests, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the posttests between the experimental and control groups in some offensive skills in basketball and in favor of the experimental group, the researcher used the experimental method and the sample is the sixth grade students and their number (60) As well as the tests used, the exploratory experiment, the scientific foundations, the tribal tests, the application of individual self-learning, and the post-tests The use of individual self-learning has a positive effect on offensive skills in basketball .
It was clear from the results that the interaction between the use of individual self-learning and compound exercises had a positive impact on offensive skills in basketball.
Emphasis on the use of individual self-learning in the physical education lesson for all school stages to learn basic basketball skills.

The current research aimed to identify the effect of using the mind maps strategy on developing mathematical communication skills among primary school students, and to achieve this goal the following three zero hypotheses were derived:
1- There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental and control groups on the post-mathematical communication skills test as a whole.
2- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group students in each of the mathematical communication skills that constitute the mathematical communication skills test.
3- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students on the pre and post mathematical communication skills test.
In order to verify the validity of the three hypotheses, a mathematical communication skills test was built, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The researcher used the experimental approach according to a semi-experimental design with two experimental and control groups, with a post-test. The sample was divided into two groups: experimental and control, the number of students in the experimental group (30) and the number of students in the control group (30). Previously, the mathematical communication skills test was applied to the two groups, and the equivalence of the two groups was proven, the mathematical communication skills test was applied to the two groups, and the statistical program (SPSS) was used to test the hypotheses, and the results showed that there is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between Average scores of the students of the experimental and control groups in the mathematical communication skills test The post-test as a whole and in favor of the experimental group students with a significant impact, as well as the presence of a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students and the control group in each of the mathematical communication skills that constitute the test of mathematical communication skills at skills:
1- Description and organization of mathematical relationships and situations, in writing.
2- Representation of sports relations and situations in different forms.
3- Evaluation and analysis of mathematical discussions and issues presented by others and responding to them correctly.
4- Reading in a coherent and clear manner of mathematical phrases to others .
5- Optimal use of mathematical language for both description and expression of mathematical ideas clearly.
In favor of the experimental group students, the strategy of mental maps (the independent variable) had a significant impact on each of the mathematical communication skills (texting, reading, speaking), while its effect was moderate on my skills (acting and listening), as well as the presence of statistically significant differences between The scores of the students of the experimental group on the mathematical communication skills test in the pre and post applications in favor of the students' scores in the post application.
In light of the findings of the research, the researcher recommended the need to use the strategy of mind maps in teaching mathematics as one of the effective strategies in developing mathematical communication skills.

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https://www.unicef.org/eca/sites/unicef.org.eca/files/IE_summary_accessible_220917_brief.pdf
7- Wendy Barber (2018) Inclusive and accessible physical education: rethinking ability and disability in pre-service teacher education, Sport, Education and Society, 23:6, 520-532

The project subject is one of the common subjects for all colleges and institutes of different specializations. Each student must submit his own graduation project, and this is through the student’s agreement with one of the teachers of the subjects studied for the previous years and within the field that the student intends to work on in his graduation project. The project also includes employing most of the specialized subjects he studied to come up with an integrated project that represents one of the most important outputs of the teaching and learning processes in which he spent student years of study. From here, the idea of teaching the project subject for the second stage was born, the Department of Fabric Design Techniques at the Institute of Applied Arts, according to this scientific theory to benefit from it and the broad horizons it holds that give the student the freedom to choose the theoretical scientific material and apply the study of those materials in a practical way. Where a teaching unit was designed for students. It was designed by the researcher. The teaching unit took a full academic year to implement, during which the student was taught the four fields of Formal Art Education (Aesthetics, Art Criticism, Art History, and Artistic Production) according to the students’ needs and interests, and after implementing the teaching unit in all its details, their project, which represents a plastic art product (drawing) using the canvas surface and acrylic colors, has been formulated according to what Students studied it from a scientific subject to the four areas of theory. To embody in its content a mixture of the three civilizations that have been studied, namely the Mesopotamian civilization, the Pharaonic civilization and the African civilization

In the current article, a composite based on copper and tungsten oxide with 5% was used, and it was reinforced with nano-tungsten carbide in volume percentages (0,5,10,15,20)%, the powders were mixed by volumetric method due to the difference in density between the three powders, the grinding process was carried out for two hours with a home-made factory and steel rollers. After that, the mixed powders were pressed with a Turkish hydraulic press (5 tons) for a minute only. The prepared samples were thermally sintered at 900°C for only 2 hours. Moreover, various tests were carried out on models (real density, true porosity, compressive strength, wear, scanning electron microscope) before and after sintering. The results showed that the best mixing ratio was 20% after sintering, which gave the best real density (313.720 g/cm) and the lowest porosity (10.310%), while the highest compressive strength reached (125.70 N/mm2), and the lowest slip wear was obtained by (2.01*10-6 g/cm), As for the results of the scanning electron microscope SEM and X-ray spectroscopy EDS, they showed the appearance of a homogeneous surface of metal, oxide and nano-carbide, which spread through the copper floor, which improved the physical and mechanical properties, which appeared through EDS.

The game of volleyball is characterized by a high level of performance and competition, as it provides elements of excitement, suspense, and fun for those who deal with it at all levels. This is what made it among the group Olympic games popular in the world, Basic skills are the cornerstone of playing practice, As the performance of basic skills in the game of volleyball requires the necessity of having special physical capabilities that qualify the player from the quality of skillful performance, Which reflects the importance of designing standardized training programs that aim to improve the components of the player's training status by following the scientific method in light of the development witnessed in the sports field. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of cross-training on the development of some physical abilities of volleyball juniors, Furthermore to identify the effect of developing some physical abilities on the level of performance of some basic skills of junior volleyball players. The experimental approach with an experimental design was used for one experimental group with the application of the pre and post measurement systems, Where the research sample community was chosen by the intentional method with a total number of (30) youths among the players of the volleyball teams, Soran Club in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and the training program was applied to a sample of (12) youths who were regular in training within the volleyball team for the 2010/2011 season. And after taking the statistics for the primary variables of the research sample, it was proven that the sample was free from the defects of non-moderate distributions. Then the researcher conducted the pre-tests and then applied the training program after it was developed according to the appropriate scientific foundations for the research and the sample, then the post-tests. . In order to process the raw scores of the results of the tests, the researcher used a set of statistical equations to reach the final results, to show that the training program using cross-training applied - under study - had a positive impact on the development of the level of physical abilities of the volleyball junior. In addition, the development of the level of physical abilities using the applied cross-training - under study - had a positive impact on the level of performance of some basic skills of the volleyball juniors. In conclusion, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations, including following the scientific foundations for planning the preparation period and rationing the training loads in the training programs to raise the level of the components of the training situation in general, and the physical and skill in particular.

Some critics study aesthetic transformations by adopting a set of foundations on which the artistic work is built, as the reliance in this method is not on the historical sequence of philosophical ideas, but rather finding formative and intentional commonalities, and organizing philosophical ideas according to them, which provides the possibility of identifying the general foundations On which most of the aesthetic philosophical theories revolved around, as the research problem came to impose the following question (: Is it possible to achieve the emotional theory and its reflections in the designs of modern fashion fabrics?). The research also focused on the concept of emotional theory and emotional theory and its preoccupations in the romantic school. The emotional theory and its reflections in women's textile designs were also discussed. And then the design methods that control the design of women's cloth, and then the theoretical framework indicators. The third topic came the research procedures and then the results of the research and the most important conclusions and a list of sources.

The present research aims to scientific Literacy of Math Teachers And It's Relationship on the Chievment of Their Pupil Mathematical Concepts, to achieve the aim the researcher has adopted The The relational descriptive approach, sample of the research includes (70) males and females math teachers who have teach the students in Fifth Primary Grade and Their Pupils, and the number of students includes (500) male and female, which follow the general education directory of Baghdad / al – rusafa 3 for the academic year (2021-2022), the researcher has adopted two tests one of a scientific literacy test in Mathematical, in the dimensions (Mathematical Knowledge, and Nature of Mathematics and The history of its development), consist of (40) items, in the type of (multiple– choice test), was to verify the sincerity and firmness, and the other an Chievment test of Mathematical concepts for Fifth Primary Grade include (30) items the multiple choice type, the sincerity and firmness was verified, and statistically processed them by using, Pearson correlative coefficient, t-test Revealing the significance of the differences for the correlation coefficients between the scientific literacy and an Chievment. The results showed The general Math Teachers Having scientific Literacy at the acceptable level, and There is a strong positive correlative relationship between the scientific Literacy of Math Teachers and the pupils Chievment of the Mathematical concept, In the light of the results, the researcher has concluded some conclusion and also has suggested and recommended many items.

The study aimed to find out " The Effectiveness of using the Jigsaw strategy in raising the level of achievement in mathematics for first-grade intermediate students" To achieve the objectives of the study, the experimental method was used. Based on the results of two groups, control and experimental; They were chosen at randomly from the students of the second intermediate grade, where the researcher prepared the study tools and materials, which are: An achievement test (prepared by the researcher), in addition to the teacher’s guide (prepared by the researcher), and after verifying the validity and reliability of the study tools and materials, it was applied to the study sample, which consisted of (80) female student, distributed into two groups; The experimental group consisted of (40 ) female students who studied using the Jigsaw strategy, and the control group of (40 ) female students who studied in the traditional way, after applying the (t-test) to reveal the statistical significances between the pre and post applications of the achievement test,, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group in the test The dimensional academic achievement in favor of the experimental group which due to the use of Jigsaw strategy.

The study aimed to prepare an electronic instructional design that accompanies a variety of teaching aids in learning some basic tennis skills. To identify the effect of using the electronic instructional design accompanying various educational aids in learning some basic skills in tennis. The researcher used the experimental method by designing (the two equal groups with a pre- and post-test) in order to suit the nature of the problem and achieve the goal of the research. The research community was identified with the students of the second stage in the College of Basic Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Al-Mustansiriyah University for the academic year (2020-2021), and their number is (40) female students distributed over three classrooms, and each of the three halls is incorporated into the practical lessons. Either the research sample has It was chosen by random method (the lottery method), as the research sample amounted to (40) students and by (20) in the two control groups that use the traditional approach, and the experimental group (20) students that use the designed instructional design. The exercises for learning the specific skill were applied and implemented by the method of learning together (cooperative learning) as it is one of the appropriate and appropriate methods used in educational designs in general and physical education in particular, by dividing the students into cooperative groups that are not homogeneous in the skill performance, as the characteristics of the learners are different as mentioned previously It is one of the basics of educational designs. Among the most important conclusions: -
1. The educational design with the Rovini model contributed to the learning of some basic tennis skills of the second stage students in the experimental group.
3. The students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in learning some basic skills with tennis ball.
The researcher recommends:
1. Work on organizing the content of the subject and designing the classroom environment according to the educational designs using the Rovini electronic model in a way that is consistent with and achieves the educational goals set.
2. Paying attention to the provision and support of e-learning and the provision of computers in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in a manner commensurate with the numbers of educated students to ensure the application of modern teaching methods and methods

The effectiveness of the use of educational platform on the achievement of students of the Faculty of Basic Education at the Mustansiriya University the mathematics course and their attitudes towards them
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the use of educational platforms in the teaching of mathematics in the achievement of students of the Faculty of Education in the mathematics course and their directions. In comparison to the traditional methods that depend on dumping, the study sample consisted of (180) They were deployed in a way random assignment into two groups: an experimental group consisted of 90 students, was taught students mathematics by educational platforms within an interactive learning environment that employs Web technology and combines the advantages of electronic content management systems and between social networks where the dissemination of lessons and objectives and the development of duties and distribution Roles, and the division of students into working groups that helped them exchange ideas and opinions between teachers and students, share content, apply educational activities and contact teachers through multiple techniques, the possibility of conducting e-training and total A group consisting of
(90) were taught in traditional ways in the classroom and the unit was taught in the usual way
)Method of explanation and lecture). To achieve the objective of this study, an achievement test was used in the teaching unit and a trend scale after studying its validity, validity and applicability in the Iraqi environment, and the validity and stability of the tools and their validity for the application were verified before and after completion of the study. The results of the analysis of the tribal application revealed the equivalence of the two study groups in both the achievement test and the trend scale. After analyzing the scores of the students in the achievement test and the trend scale using t-test, the results showed the following:
1) Equal experimental and control groups and their authority to start the final experiment
2) There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (α = 0.05) between the intermediate scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-application of the achievement test and for the experimental group whose student studied using the educational platform. This leads us to reject the first zero hypothesis, To teach using the educational platform in student achievement
3) There is a positive impact of teaching using the educational platform in the attitudes of students towards the use of platforms. The study came out with a set of recommendations, including:
The need for the attention of those concerned with education affairs in general, curricula and methods of teaching mathematics in particular, using educational platforms and activating their role in the field of education through:
- Holding training sessions for teachers of mathematics, before and during the service, on the use of educational platforms, and the need to encourage them to use in teaching their materials.
- Develop the mathematics curriculum to include practical applications offered through educational platforms.
- Providing advanced computers in the school computer labs, and providing the necessary programs for the educational platform in various disciplines.
• The need to diversify and integrate the use of educational platforms and other teaching methods and conduct practical experiments in the teaching of mathematics
The study recommends that the faculties of science and educational sciences should include the method of teaching using the educational platforms in the teacher education programs, so that they can apply them during their service effectively.
• Conduct more experimental studies on the impact of teaching mathematics and spatial geometry using educational platforms in different educational stages, and on other scientific subjects such as physics, chemistry and earth sciences.
• Conduct more empirical studies comparing the impact of the teaching method on educational platforms and the development of self-learning skills.

This research comes within the context of the descriptive approach, which aims to study the correlation between self-organized learning strategies and the depth of knowledge among students of the Mathematics Department in the Colleges of Basic Education by answering the following questions:
1. What are the strategies of self-organized learning among students of the mathematics department in the faculties of basic education?
2.What are the levels of cognitive depth among students of the mathematics department in the faculties of basic education?
3.Is there a correlation between self-organized learning strategies and the depth of knowledge among students of the mathematics department in the faculties of basic education?
In order to achieve the objectives of the research and answer its questions, a number of null hypotheses were developed.
The basic sample was chosen by the stratified random method, where the basic sample amounted to (330) male and female students of the fourth stage in the Department of Mathematics in the faculties of Basic Education, with a percentage (30%) of the total community of (1108) distributed over seven universities (Al-Mustansiriya, Mosul, Kufa). Tikrit, Diyala, Maysan, Tal Afar). One division was selected from each of the mathematics departments in the faculties of basic education
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher took the following actions:
1.Adopting a scale of self-organized learning strategies prepared by (Al-Tamimi, 2010) according to the Zimmerman model applied to university students and appropriate to the Iraqi environment, and its stability coefficient (0.87). The validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed, as its stability reached (0.95), knowing that the number of paragraphs of the scale was (50).) paragraph.
2.Preparing a test for cognitive depth at its four levels (remembering and reproduction, application of concepts and skills, strategic thinking, extended thinking), which consists of (40) objective paragraphs of the type of multiple choice distributed on the four levels, and by (10) paragraphs for each level, and it was verified Of its sincerity and stability, where the stability of the test (0.83).
The two research tools (self-organized learning strategies scale, and cognitive depth test) were applied to the main research sample, and using the appropriate statistical means, the results showed the following:
1. Students of the Mathematics Department possess self-organized learning strategies.
2. The students of the Department of Mathematics in the faculties of Basic Education do not possess the levels of cognitive depth.
3. There is a correlation between self-organized learning strategies and cognitive depth.
In light of the results of the research, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including: holding seminars and training courses for students to demonstrate the importance of self-organized learning strategies, encourage them to use them, and train mathematics teachers to formulate questions at the four levels of cognitive depth, and suggested several proposals, including: Conducting a study on the relationship of self-organized learning strategies to several Variables, including creative thinking and formal thinking, as well as conducting a study that includes analyzing the content of secondary school mathematics books according to the levels of cognitive depth.

The research seeks to demonstrate the impact of Appleton's model in developing reflective thinking among the students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the subject of art criticism. for criticism Technical, and the research sample consisted of (26) students as an experimental group, and to reach the results of the research, the research tools were It is represented by a cognitive achievement test and a measure of reflective thinking. The researcher analyzed the data into systematic images for their research using the statistical bag for social sciences (SPSS( In the light of the research results, the researcher concluded: Teaching according to the Ableton model has an impact on the development of reflective thinking among the students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the subject of art criticism.The most important recommendations of the researcher:Work to increase interest in modern teaching models that help develop students' mental abilities,The most important suggestions proposed by the researcher: Conducting a similar study to find out the impact of Ableton's model in solving problems.

The current research aims to know the performance of physics teachers in the light of Mayer's theory and its relationship to the information generation skills of their students
In order to verify the objective of the research, the following null hypotheses were developed:
1) There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average grades of physics teachers in the light of Mayer's theory and the hypothetical mean of the questionnaire.
2) There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average grades of physics teachers in the light of Mayer's theory according to the gender variable (males, females)
3) There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average degrees of information generation skills among students of physics teachers and the hypothetical mean of the test.
4) There is no statistically significant correlation at the level (0.05) between the performance level of physics teachers according to Mayer's theory and the level of information generation skills for their students.
To achieve the objectives and hypotheses of the research, the researchers adopted the descriptive approach, and the research sample amounted to (100) physics teachers who study the applied fifth grade students in the preparatory schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education in Babil Governorate, for all genders, and the questionnaire tool was applied to them. The sample consisted of (500) students of the fifth applied science class who are studying physics by subject teachers
The researchers prepared a questionnaire for the performance of physics teachers in the preparatory stage according to Mayer's cognitive theory, and it included three axes of teaching performance (planning - implementation - evaluation), where the paragraphs were distributed among them, as each axis consists of eight paragraphs and each paragraph has five alternatives (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never). Its veracity was confirmed by presenting it to a committee of expertise and specialization, and its reliability by the Alpha Cro-Nbach method (80%).
And to test information generation skills, the researchers prepared a test of information generation skills that includes (24) items within (4) fields, with (6) paragraphs for each domain. ,82).
The researchers reached the following results:
- The performance of physics teachers in the light of Mayer's theory is acceptable; The researchers attribute the use of some modern methods of teaching, and the use of some physics teachers by teaching aids that increase students' learning.
- The results showed that there was no effect of the gender variable between the level of performance of male and female teachers in the light of Mayer's theory.
- The information generation skills of the applied fifth grade students were statistically significant, meaning they had information generation skills.
- There is a statistically significant correlation between the grades of physics teachers according to Mayer's theory and the grades of their students in the information generation skills test, and the reason is that physics teachers develop in their students deductive ideas (from the whole to the part) and inductive ideas (from the part to the whole) Expand students' ideas, and predict them.

At the beginning of the research and its importance, the two researchers touched on the interest in training goalkeepers in football for halls, through the introduction of aids in the training process that contribute to preparing them within exercises according to visual thinking and knowing the impact of these exercises on some skills of goalkeepers in football for halls, which would raise the level of goalkeeper efficiency. As for the research problem, the researchers found the importance of training soccer goalkeepers for the halls by putting some skills and tests for the goalkeepers for the halls, and by noting a discrepancy in the level of skill performance of goalkeepers, which attributes the skill performance of goalkeepers in soccer for the halls due to the lack of interest in the visual thinking aspect and speed Their observation, as well as not using the necessary tools allocated in the training units, which would raise the motivation of goalkeepers to continue and perform with more motivation, the most important of which are (symbols, pictures, .......) and thus these tools serve goalkeepers with the intellectual side and performance in a way general The two researchers studied all the factors surrounding the players and paying attention to the skill aspect. That is why we see in recent times an increase in interest in visual thinking from modern methods that can be relied upon to improve skills, as goalkeepers rely on visions, ideas and images that enter into mental processes and translate them into actions or playing methods. This increases the goalkeepers' self-confidence and their ability to read the opposing attacker when trying to score.
Since futsal football is one of the games that has received and continues to receive great attention from various countries because it is one of the sports that is characterized by its wide popularity and specialty in its possession of the elements of excitement and suspense, and it is the product of football and this interest made specialists always seek to develop the game by raising The levels of the players in the skill areas, and therefore it was necessary to pay attention to the preparation of new exercises commensurate with the game and its requirements that need to perform the skills at a high level, due to the narrowness of the playing areas and the smallness of their area and because they need accuracy and speed in the movement of the football goalkeeper to the halls and with a high concentration, and that the development of the goalkeepers’ abilities Depends on the extent of their interaction with the coach and their response to him. There is no doubt that the coach always works to improve the capabilities of goalkeepers and work to raise their physical and skill level, and that the basic skills of goalkeepers in futsal football are a cornerstone of performance during football matches and their adequacy depends on the physical numbers of the player as it is built It has the schematic numbers, and the mastery of the basic skills comes through various exercises and training It passes continuously for a long time for the purpose of mastering and fixing it to reach the best level.
Hence, the importance of research in working on preparing exercises according to visual thinking commensurate with the skills of goalkeepers to work on raising self-confidence and improving the skills of goalkeepers in futsal football. The study aimed to Preparing exercises according to the visual thinking of goalkeepers in futsal football. Knowing the effect of exercises on some goalkeeper skills in futsal As for the research hypotheses?
- There are significant differences between the results of the tribal tests and the results and the post tests of some goalkeepers' soccer skills for the futsal and in favor of the post tests for the sample under study.
The researchers also touched on several researches related to training aids to learn about the basic skills and qualities needed by the goalkeeper. Some models of previous studies and similar to the research were presented to take advantage of them. A number of conclusions were reached, including:
The two researchers used special exercises within the visual thinking that I used in the main experiment to have a positive effect on the skill performance of short hand handling and short foot handling for the skills of goalkeepers in futsal football for players. The results showed a clear superiority of the experimental group in the post tests over the tribal tests.
In light of the conclusions reached by the researchers, the following is recommended: Working on benefiting from the results of the current study using special exercises (visual thinking networks) in training and giving them great importance during the training units during the special preparation period for futsal goalkeepers, because of their importance in developing the intellectual side and perceptions of futsal goalkeepers. .
Attention to diversify the means and tools used in the training unit together and work to make them consistent with the requirements of goalkeepers in football for the halls.

The aim of the research is to prepare educational units with the Posner model in learning the skills of handling and suppression in football, their implementation and recognition. The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability with the nature of the problem and the research objectives. “The experimental method is one of the best scientific research methods to solve problems. The research sample was chosen by the deliberate method, as it consisted of 91 first-year students, and the systematic random method (the lottery) was used to determine my groups. The research, as 20 students from class A were chosen to represent the control group and 20 students from class B to represent the experimental group.One of the most important conclusions of the research is that the use of the Posner model encouraged students to contribute to creativity and self-correct their information in proportion to their experiences, skills and personal talents that Posner model has a positive effect In the learning units using various motor exercises and learning the skills of handling and putting down football, and through the results of all skill tests, the students’ learning levels improved better and their cognitive abilities increased for the skills under study. The researcher also recommended emphasizing the importance of using the Posner model in learning basic skills for other activities in the sports field And stay away from traditional methods that bring boredom

The research aims to know the effectiveness of the effect of using a special exercise accompanying the method of healing (massage) on the physical and physiological variable (transitional speed and breathing frequency) for young players in football under the age of (17-18) years. The researcher used the experimental method for one group using tribal and remote measurements This group is suitable for achieving the objectives and hypotheses of the research, as the experimental method is one of the best scientific research methods to solve problems. As for the research sample, it was chosen in a deliberate way, as it consisted of 10 young players, as 5 players were chosen from outside the basic research sample to conduct the exploratory experiment under the same conditions as the experiment. The basic research in order to determine the extent of its suitability to the research sample and the selection of 5 young players for the control group, and one of the most important conclusions is that the use of exercises that accompany the means of recovery works to increase hospitalization for the players in proportion to the training curriculum followed to reach a higher efficiency in performance and raise the physical and physiological aspect of young players in a positive way,the study recommended the need to use a special exercise added to the recovery method after training because it has a positive effect on the speed of The recovery of the players.

The aim of the research is to design and apply educational units according to the strategy of self-organized education and design a program for the hyper media according to the skills of handling and suppression in football, to identify the effect of the strategy of self-organized learning supported by hypermedia in learning the skills of handling and suppression in football. The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability with the nature of the problem and the objectives of the research, as the experimental method is one of the best scientific research methods to solve problems. The research sample was chosen by the systematic random method, as it consisted of 142 fifth-grade preparatory students, four sections: A section 35 students and a section B 35 students and a section C 34 students and Division D 38 students. The systematic random method was used to determine the two research groups, as Division (A) was chosen to be an experimental group and Division (D) as a control group, and the lists of each research group were 12 students, thus the research sample consisted of (24) students who constituted 17% of the research community. One of the most important conclusions is that the self-organized learning strategy encourages students to contribute to creativity and innovation in proportion to their experiences, skills and personal talents. The self-organized learning strategy has worked to gain learners cognitive experience and has improved their self-organization process and the process of memorization and retrieval, and the learner has become a participant in decision-making and the researcher recommends Attention to the strategy of self-organized learning as an educational strategy in physical education lessons. Emphasis on benefiting from the positives of hip media programs in facilitating the process of learning motor skills, especially in the early stages of learning to reduce errors

In the recent period, the field of physical education and sports sciences witnessed a great development and a remarkable interest in sports psychology and with regard to creating psychological situations in a way that provokes the player's motives to reach sports achievement. As the self-control represents the main part in preparing the player to acquire skills, attitudes, goals and all dimensions of competition and everything related to it. The problem of the research has emerged with the lack of interest in the psychological aspect, in addition to the lack of psychological programs for the players of the shutters, the lack of the use of the self-control program and the knowledge of its effect on some offensive skills. The aim of the research was to prepare a program for self-control and to know the extent of its effect on the offensive skills of the blind weapon. The experimental approach with two groups, the experimental and the control, was used, as the research community reached (25) players, while the research sample amounted to (20) players from Diyala Club players with a hook weapon. A set of conclusions were reached, including: - The self-control program had a positive effect on improving the performance of some offensive skills with the blind weapon for the experimental group. There are significant differences between the results of the experimental and control groups for some offensive skills of the shisha weapon. The most important recommendations are: The necessity of carrying out a study similar to this study on team games.

The issue of the privacy of heritage has taken great importance in the technical levels of fashion designs because of its socially familiar cognitive formulations and has a strong link to its structural and formal references, which made the merger with the times a creative and innovative means commensurate with the continuous artistic changes and its intellectual and formal value to preserve and revive the heritage identity through concepts and relationships Intertwined in harmony with contemporary thought in fashion design, Thus, a problem was identified through the following question: “What are the mechanisms of intellectual and applied integration between the privacy of heritage and contemporary trends in fashion design?” As for the importance of the research, heritage fashion possesses artistic formations that stem from the breadth of material thought, cognitive awareness, and aesthetic formulas of privacy within a contemporary creative vision that can be used in Reviving heritage and achieving communication and permanence on which the design formation of Arab fashion is based.
The aim of the research: to identify the concept of integration in design and reveal the privacy of heritage and the mechanisms of integration with contemporary design trends of Iraqi-Arab fashion.
Research limits: the topic of integration in the design of Arab women's fashion - Iraqi, Arab - with heritage specificity and its relationship to the concepts of contemporary trends in light of the variable levels of intellectual and technical formal applied, within the time period 2017-2020.
The research adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, and the research community included designs of women's fashion bearing the concepts of heritage privacy and the concept of intellectual and formal integration by adopting applied technical capabilities of contemporary materials and techniques. The research community reached (115) design models, and the research sample was chosen intentionally with a percentage of (20%) , which numbered (23) models.
The research reached the most important conclusions, as follows:
1. Contemporary trends in the design of traditional women's fashion are the process of reviving and making it appropriate to the developments of the times and in response to the requirements and needs of society, to confirm the existence of a common language in the structure of traditional fashion design intellectually and practically.
2. The merging between creative intellectual awareness and technical development and its performance capabilities was characterized by the design of the contemporary heritage costume in conjunction with the variables of culture and society.
The most important recommendations: Confirming the dissemination of cultural awareness of the process of revival and preserving the identity and heritage privacy of costume design in light of the attempts to dominate globalization

The current research aims to identify the employment of manufactured materials in organizing the surface of murals.
The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, since it is the most appropriate with the current research directives, and a community of graphic artistic productions executed on the walls of the educational institution was identified, which numbered (35) artistic products, and one model was chosen as a sample for research for the purpose of subjecting it to the analysis process and according to the indicators of the theoretical framework.
The most important results are:
1- The many stimuli in the art of drawing murals were represented in the concepts of popular culture, speed and spontaneity as in the sample.
2- Its stimuli carried meaning, interpretation, and diversity of connotations, and relied on employing the concepts of mosaic art.

The first chapter included the introduction and the importance of research in finding a new strategy to know its effectiveness in the cognitive achievement of the teaching methods of physical education and sports sciences. It is necessary to present a kind of modern strategies such as the Scamper strategy. College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, third stage. Identifying the effect of Scamper's strategy on the cognitive achievement of teaching methods for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the third stage.The second chapter included the research methodology and its field procedures, and the researcher used the experimental method in the style of equal experimental samples. The research community was determined by the intentional method, and they are the third-stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wasit University, who numbered (100) students. (C-D) and their number is (40) students to represent Division (C) the control group and Division (D) the experimental group to represent each group (20) students, so that the research sample constitutes 50% of the research community, and for the purpose of the exploratory experiment, it was chosen (10) students were randomized from the research sample. The sample of the preparation included the entire research community and they are the students of the third stage. It reached (13) educational units, the time of the educational unit (90) minutes.The third chapter included presentation, analysis and discussion of the results, and included a detailed presentation of the results of all tests. The fourth chapter included the most important conclusions, namely that the Scamper strategy had a positive impact on the development of the cognitive achievement of teaching methods for third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Wasit University, and that Scamper's strategy contributed to increasing the students' self-confidence by giving them the opportunity to generate and apply ideas. The researcher recommends the use of the scamper strategy by teachers in developing the cognitive achievement of third stage studentsBecause of its role in raising their scientific level in the subject of teaching methods. Positively involving the students in the lesson and urging them to use their maximum potential and abilities in learning and developing their innovative thinking, as well as the need to use the Scamper strategy because it has effective countries in raising the level of knowledge among students.

The current research aims to (The extent to which the topics of geometry and measurement in mathematics the Fourth (Scientific and Literary) books match the criteria of the mathematics curriculum document), The researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach , To verify this, the researcher prepared the list of standards of the mathematics curriculum document,The research sample topics geometry and and measurement in mathematics books match , The researcher analyzed the topics of geometry and measurement The subject unit was adopted, and statistical means were used: repetitions, percentages, and Hollesti equation , The results of the research have concluded that the extent of the standards of the mathematics curriculum document in geometry and measurement topics are un accepted percent (50.6%) , The researcher recommended informed the competent committees in preparing and authoring the curricula in the Ministry of Education On the search results when reviewing and evaluating textbooks, paying attention to the criteria that you did not want and working to include it.

The aim of the research is to prepare preventive exercises to develop the range of motion of the ankle joint that are compatible with the research sample. To know the extent of its impact on the prevention of injury to the ankle joint ligaments and its impact on the flexibility variable for young football players. The researchers used the experimental method by designing a single group for its relevance to the nature of the research, and the research community was determined on young football players in specialized schools in Baghdad for the year (2021-2022), which numbered (35) players, then the sample was chosen in a deliberate way from the original community by (10) Players, and the duration of the preventive program lasted three months, three units per week, as the total number of units of the preventive program was (36) units, and after the completion of the program, post-tests were conducted. The appropriate statistical treatments were used to reach a number of results, the most important of which is that there are significant differences between the tribal and remote tests for one group in favor of the post tests. The most important of them was the adoption of the preventive program that was built in the current research after its approval in the training of football players by the competent authorities in this field.

The first chapter included the introduction and the importance of research in finding a new strategy in learning the skill of pectoral handling in basketball. It is important to present a kind of modern strategies such as educational models supporting them with kinetic sentences. The research aimed to prepare educational units in the educational model according to various kinetic sentences and learning the skill of pectoral handling. Basketball, and knowing the effect of the educational units and the educational model according to the various kinetic sentences in learning the skill of pectoral handling in basketball. And to identify which of the two groups of control and experimental developed more according to the approach followed for the experimental group and the effect of the strategy of educational models and kinetic sentences for the control group. The first stage in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Al-Salam University College for the academic year 2021/2022, The percentage of the sample was (54%) of the original population, they were divided in a systematic random way into two groups (control and experimental) with (35) students for each group, while the experimental group applied the educational units according to the educational models using the various kinetic sentences, and it amounted to (16) An educational unit with two educational units per week, the time of the educational unit is (90) minutes. The third chapter included presentation, analysis and discussion of the results, and included a detailed presentation of the results of all tests. The fourth chapter included the most important conclusions, which are the superiority of the experimental group to which the educational models were applied using various kinetic sentences over the control group that applied the curriculum followed by the subject teacher in learning the skill of chest handling with basketball. The researcher recommends emphasizing the use of educational models in the lesson of physical education and sports sciences to learn the skill of pectoral handling in basketball. It is better to include exercises that contain a variety of kinetic sentences in practical lessons to learn and improve the skill abilities of students with basketball through which the student masters more than one skill.

The research sample was selected from faculty members in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the province of Baghdad. They were chosen in an exclusive way because it includes those in the community of origin, their number reached (338) teachers. The research sample amounted to (200) teachers were chosen by random method, and it represented a sample Research percentage (71.98%) of the original community
In order to obtain a scale that meets the conditions of psychometric properties such as honesty, stability, objectivity and the ability to distinguish, and according to the applicable steps in building scales
For the purpose of preparing the classroom control scale and by reviewing the studies, literature and theoretical framework and reviewing the scales that dealt with classroom control methods
(3) areas have been formulated, namely (the guiding style - the reprimanding style - the punitive style
Five alternatives to the scale were given: (always apply to me, apply to me often, apply to me sometimes, rarely apply to me, never apply to me).
And after extracting the scientific bases of the scale using the statistical bag (spss) and after
After presenting and discussing the results of the research, the researchers reached a number of results, namely:
1- It was reached to build a classroom control scale scale for the practical lesson from the point of view of students of faculties and departments of physical education and sports sciences
2- Based on the results of the statistical analysis, (3) areas were extracted that represented the classroom control scale for the practical lesson, and it consisted of (26) items, as follows:
A- The first field contained (9) paragraphs, and it was called the field of guiding style
B - The second field contained (8) paragraphs, and it was called the area of reprimanding
C - The third field contained (9) paragraphs, and it was called the field of punitive method.

The research included four chapters if the first chapter included the introduction and the importance of the research, as the importance of the research lies in preparing educational exercises according to Driver’s model in learning some grips for freestyle wrestlers at ages (12-14) years, while the research problem lies in the weakness in motor abilities and lack of use New educational methods and learning the correct performance of grips in the wrestler. Identifying the effect of educational exercises according to Driver’s model in learning some grips for freestyle wrestlers at ages (12-14) years. As for the research hypotheses, there are statistically significant differences in the tribal and remote tests of the research sample. In some motor abilities and learning grips with wrestling and the good after tests and statistically significant differences for the post tests for the control and experimental sample in some motor abilities and learning to grips with wrestling and in favor of the experimental group. As for the second chapter, it included the research method and its field procedures, using the experimental method. As for the research sample, it represented the Adhamiya Sports Club, which numbered 24 wrestlers distributed into two experimental and control groups, with (12) for each group. This chapter also includes tools and devices The research used also includes conducting pre-tests and applying the educational program for the experimental group, after which the post-tests were conducted. The fourth chapter also included presentation and analysis of the results of the pre and post tests for the experimental and control groups and their discussion. As for the fifth chapter, it included the conclusions and recommendations reached by the researcher that the educational exercises according to the driver's model for each of the control and experimental groups have a positive effect on acquiring some motor abilities, organizing work and controlling its components. The educational unit through the correct use of tools and teaching aids through which they lead to the development of motor abilities and skill performance of wrestling control . As for the recommendations, it is necessary to use the driver model in educating learners for its effectiveness in facilitating the delivery of information to learners and providing educational models related to the curriculum that teachers need to teach different mathematical skills

The aim of the research is to prepare rehabilitative exercises to reduce the severity of the forward falling head deformity, as well as to identify the effect of rehabilitative exercises in improving the flexibility and strength of the muscles working on the shoulders and back for the research sample, and to identify the effect of rehabilitative exercises to reduce the forward falling deformity of the research sample. The researchers also proceeded to use the experimental method with a pre- and post-test for its relevance to the research problem. As for the research community, it reached (7) students who were selected in a deliberate way at the ages of (10-12) years who have deformity of falling head in front of (15) schools of Al-Rusafa education The third area is the sons of al-Rafidain in the province of Baghdad. Thus, the research sample amounted to (71%) of the community of origin. They were presented to a specialist doctor, examinations were conducted, and x-rays were taken for them by means of an X-ray device. Hereditary and the deformation was of a minor degree and (2) of them were excluded because the students’ parents did not accept their participation, thus the number of the sample reached (5) students, and for the purpose of verifying the homogeneity of the sample, the researchers extracted the torsion coefficient in the variables (age, height, weight(.
The duration of the qualifying program took three months, three units per week, as the total number of units of the qualifying program was (36) units. Before and after the researchers concluded that the rehabilitation exercises worked to improve the individuals of the sample suffering from head-fall deformity in front. The variety of rehabilitative exercises had a significant impact on improving flexibility and muscular strength tests among the sample members with forward-falling head deformity

The study aimed to know the effectiveness of thinking maps in acquiring the concepts of art education among the students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the subject of criticism and Technical analysis. To achieve the goal of the research, the researchers used a one-group experimental design with a pre- and post-test for criticism and technical analysis for its suitability on a sample of fifth-class students from the Institute of Fine Arts, fifth-class, and the research sample consisted of (11) students as an experimental group, and to reach the results of the research is a tool The research is represented by a cognitive achievement test for the subject of criticism and technical analysis, the researchers analyzed the data into systematic images for their research using the statistical package for social sciences (spss(
The most important results of the search showed the following:
1- The thinking maps strategy had a high ability to attract the attention of the students and increase their participation in the lesson, which led to an increase in the effectiveness of the students towards the lesson, which helped in learning the technical concepts of criticism and business analysis.
2- The ability of the thinking maps strategy to acquire the cognitive information related to the subject of criticism and technical analysis, which is decided in the fifth stage of the Institute of Fine Arts for the female students, which was reflected in their ability to analyze technical issues and their answers to the test items prepared for this purpose.
Recommendations:
In light of the results and conclusions reached by the researchers, they recommend a number of recommendations, including:
1- The necessity of training learners to use thinking maps because of their great impact on learning technical concepts and visual thinking skills.
2- The necessity for the teacher to participate with his students in preparing and implementing thinking maps.
Suggestions:
To complement and develop the current research, the researcher suggested the following:
1. Conducting a study similar to the current study to know the effect of the thinking maps strategy on other dependent variables such as expressive performance, self-confidence, and attitude towards the subject, and others

The aim of the current research is to analyze the third/intermediate grade mathematics book according to productive thinking skills, where the descriptive approach was used using the content analysis method. The first and second, where an analysis tool was prepared for this purpose, represented by a list of productive thinking skills, whose validity was verified by presenting it to a group of arbitrators in curricula and teaching methods. Verifying the validity of the analysis by presenting the sample to the arbitrators, (in order to calculate the stability of the analysis and percentages and frequencies were used in addition to the Holste equation Between the researcher and herself over time, and between her and other analysts.
The results of the research showed that the skills were distributed unbalancedly and in clearly varying proportions, where critical thinking skills ranked first and then creative thinking skills as two main skills for productive thinking skills, where their distribution was gradual (the skill of predicting assumptions at a recurrence rate of (181) at a rate of (21.5%). The inference skill ranked second with a frequency of (152) at a rate of (18.3%), the fluency skill ranked third with a repetition rate of (16.5%), and the evaluation and interpretation skills occupied the fourth and fifth ranks with a recurrence rate (122 for the skill of evaluating discussions at a rate of 14.7% and 100 for the skill of interpretation At a rate of 12.7%), and the sixth place was obtained by the flexibility skill with a frequency of 93 and at a rate of (11.2%). The skills that are less included in the book may also benefit mathematics curriculum planners and developers in terms of reviewing the list of productive thinking skills, developing mathematics textbooks, and identifying shortcomings. Resolve them and work to treat them, strengthen their strengths, and treat weaknesses.
A number of proposals were also presented as conducting more studies to identify the availability of the rest of the textbooks for productive thinking skills, which are not specific to a specific subject, but must be developed in all curricula, and a comparative analytical study between the mathematics books of the preparatory stage in Iraq and one of the Arab countries in the light of productive thinking skills.

The first chapter included the introduction and the importance of the research and the research objective is to prepare special educational units using the triple peer learning method in learning some types of scoring (scoring from the free-throw line - jumping scoring - peaceful scoring). Knowing the effect of the triple peer learning method on learning skills in basketball. Find out which of the two groups is better at learning basketball skills. . The second chapter included the theoretical framework and interrelated studies. The third chapter included the research methodology and its field procedures, and the researcher used the experimental method. The research community reached (110) students from the second stage in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University College of Peace for the academic year 2021/2022, with a rate of (3) people. As for the research sample, it was chosen by the method Intentionally random, two divisions were chosen from the original research community, namely Division (A-C) and by lottery Division (A) became (37) students for the experimental group and Division (C) (36) students for the control group, and 13 students were excluded from the two divisions (a) and (c) who fail to attend, And the research sample became (60) students equally distributed among the two groups, and the exploratory experiment was conducted on a sample of their number (10), and the percentage of the sample was (54%) from the original community. The fourth chapter included presentation, analysis and discussion of the results, and included a detailed presentation of the results of all tests. The fifth chapter included the conclusions, which are: - The researcher concluded that the experimental group, on which the triple peer learning method was applied, was superior to the control group in learning some types of basketball scoring for students. The researcher recommends emphasizing the use of peer learning in recent studies and practical lessons.

The study aimed at the effect of Robinson's strategy on the achievement of art education students in the subject of Art History. To achieve the goal of the research, the researchers used the experimental design with two equal groups, experimental and control, with a pre and post test for the subject of Art History, to suit it on a sample of students of the Department of Art Education / College of Basic Education / the first stage. In order to reach the results of the research, the research tool was represented by a cognitive achievement test for the subject of art history, the researchers analyzed the data into systematic images for their research using the statistical package for social sciences (spss).
The most important results of the search showed the following:
1. The interaction process provided by this strategy increased the students' ability to memorize information and understand it correctly, in a scientific and practical way.
2. The use of Robinson’s strategy gives students the ability to generate questions through the survey process and an introductory view of the topic and the possibility of raising them in the lesson. It also generates ideas, excitement and curiosity for the purpose of the scientific study of each topic in the lesson.
Recommendations:
In light of the results and conclusions reached by the researchers, they recommend a number of recommendations, including:
1- The necessity of using Robinson's strategy in other subjects for other stages, and investigating its impact on student achievement.
2- Providing the necessary equipment and devices and preparing books, resources and modern teaching aids in educational and educational institutions to facilitate the use of Robinson's strategy.Suggestions:
To complement and develop the current research, the researcher suggested the following:
1. Conducting a similar experimental study using Robinson's strategy in the subject of artistic taste

The current research dealt with identifying the impact of the strategy (K.W.L) in developing critical thinking among students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of artistic taste, and the research community consisted of 197 first-year students, and the researcher chose her research sample in a random way, as their number reached (90) students They were divided into two groups (experimental and control).
In her study, the researcher relied on the experimental design with partial control to achieve the goal of her research, as the results of the research resulted in the presence of statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students and the average scores of the control group in the achievement test and the dimensional critical thinking test in favor of the experimental group

This research comes within the context of the descriptive approach, which aims to study the correlation between divergent thinking skills and learning styles among students of the Department of Mathematics in the colleges of basic education, by answering the following questions:
1. What are the divergent thinking skills of the students of the mathematics department in the colleges of basic education?
2. Does the performance of students in divergent thinking skills differ according to gender?
3. What are the common learning styles for students of the mathematics department in the colleges of basic education?
4. Do the common learning styles of students of the mathematics department in the colleges of basic education differ according to gender?
5. Is there a correlative relationship between divergent thinking skills and learning styles of mathematics department students in the colleges of basic education?
The research sample was chosen by stratified random method, as the research sample consisted of (329) male and female students of the fourth stage, the mathematics department in the faculties of Basic Education, at a rate of (29.67%) of the total community of (1108), distributed over (7) universities, namely (Al-Mustansiriya). Mosul, Kufa, Tikrit, Diyala, Maysan, Tal Afar). One division was selected from each of the mathematics departments in the colleges of basic education.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers took the following measures:
1 . Preparing the divergent thinking skills test, which consists of (20) paragraphs, including (15) articles and (5) objective, distributed among its four skills (open thinking, flexible thinking, authentic thinking, and expanded thinking), and by (5) for each skill. Its validity and reliability were confirmed, as the test's stability was (0.88)
2 . Adopting the learning styles scale prepared by (Mubarak, 2015) according to the Hermann model, which is applied to university students and is suitable for the Iraqi environment and its stability coefficient for the four styles (A = 0.80), B = 0.78, C = 0.77, D = 0.80), which consists of (120) items. Its validity and stability were confirmed, as it reached its stability for the four style (A = 0.86, B = 0.93, C = 0.94, D = 0.93).
The two research tools (the Divergent Thinking Skills Test and the Learning Styles Scale) were applied to the basic research sample, where the application lasted for a month from Wednesday (12/30/2021) until Monday (1/24/2022). Using appropriate statistical methods, the results showed the following:
1. Students of the Mathematics Department in the colleges of Basic Education possess a simple level of divergent thinking skills.
2. There is a weakness in the skill of original thinking.
3. The most common learning style is the (C) .
4. There is a correlation between divergent thinking skills and learning styles among students of the Mathematics Department in the Colleges of Basic Education.
In light of the results of the research, the researcher recommended the necessity to include the curricula of the mathematics departments in the colleges of basic education on many activities and techniques that work on the development of divergent thinking, especially original thinking, preparing training programs for the teaching of mathematics departments in the colleges of basic education for training on modern teaching practices related to the development of learning styles with its style. The four, and suggested conducting a similar study on other samples, such as students of the Mathematics Department in the College of Education, and conducting studies that investigate the effect of teaching by integrating divergent thinking skills within the academic content with other variables.

The research studies the ways of employing the natural elements in the interior space in order to allow the strengthening of the relational elements between the user of the space and the place as an element of great importance that carries symbolic and cultural meanings and causes the generation of many human emotions and feelings as a result of the nature of the activities that the user performs in the place. The relationship of space with nature was presented, in addition to what is the biophilic theory, and how the biophilic design is related to defining and enhancing spatial identity. Twelve elements were identified to strengthen the spatial connection in the design of the interior space through the employment of biophilic elements. A number of scientific conclusions were reached, which were, a cognitive analysis of the modalities of spatial correlation in the design of the interior space.

The aim of the current research is to study the effect of blended learning in improving the transitional speed and teaching the skill of rolling in football for students of the second intermediate grade, through the preparation of an educational program and it was presented to the experts.
In the second chapter, it included theoretical studies, and the third chapter included field research procedures, as the research community was chosen by the intentional method from the students of the Baghdad Education Schools, Al-Rusafa, the third - Al-Amana Intermediate School for Boys - the second grade average, as the total research community reached (179) students, divided into (5) As for the research sample, the researcher conducted a lottery to choose (20) students from them in a random way, and after arranging them in ascending order, they were divided in a systematic random way into two groups (experimental and control) and by (10) students from Division (A) as an experimental group and (10) Students from room (B) as a control group
The educational program was applied to the experimental research sample and lasted for eight weeks, with two educational units per week, thus the total educational units amounted to (16) educational units, and then the researchers conducted post tests for the experimental and control groups. Separately, the results were treated statistically between the post tests of the experimental and control groups. The results of the tests showed that there were significant differences between the results of the pre and post tests for the control and experimental groups, and the emergence of significant differences between the results of the post tests for the experimental and control groups in favor of the results of the post tests. The results of the study were presented and discussed. In the fifth chapter, the conclusions reached by the two researchers were presented by showing an effective impact on the impact of blended learning in improving the transitional speed and teaching the skill of rolling football for second-grade students. It was recommended to conduct similar studies with different games and different age groups

The current research aims to (evaluating the content of mathematics textbooks for the fifth grade of primary school according to the (4MAT) model for learning styles) to achieve this goal, the researcher asked the following questions:
The first question: What are the criteria for learning styles according to the 4MAT model that should be available in the content of mathematics books for the primary stage?
The second question: To what extent are the criteria of the (4MAT) model available for learning styles in the content of the mathematics textbook for the fifth grade of primary school?
To verify the goal of the research, the researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach, as the research sample is from the content of the mathematics book for the fifth grade of primary school by the Iraqi Ministry of Education for the academic year (2021-2022 AD), where the researcher relied on the research tool represented by a list of criteria of the model (4MAT) for learning styles according to McCarthy, 1990)) for the purpose of using it in analyzing the content of the mathematics textbook for the fifth grade of primary school, and verifying its veracity after presenting it to a group of specialized arbitrators, as it obtained a percentage of agreement (87%). After using the search tool to analyze the content of the mathematics textbook for the fifth grade of primary school, the content analysis card was formed according to the criteria of the (4MAT) model for learning styles in its final form of four patterns: (imaginary and includes one main criterion and (13) indicators, and analytical and includes a criterion One main criterion and (10) indicators, logical, which includes one main criterion and (16) indicators, and dynamic, which includes one main criterion and (12) indicators. The mathematics textbook for the fifth grade of primary school was analyzed according to these criteria, and a sample of the analysis sample was presented to a number of specialized arbitrators and they agreed on the validity of the analysis process. The use of other analysts and obtained a percentage of agreement between analysts (0.92) using the Holsti equation.
The results of the research revealed that: the analytical pattern achieved the first place with a percentage of (41.12%), and the imaginary pattern came in the second place with a percentage of (21.65%), and in the third place came the dynamic pattern with a percentage of (19.95%) and the logical pattern came in the last rank with a percentage of (17.27%) ) in the content of the mathematics textbook for the fifth grade of primary school, and when comparing the four learning styles to the spoken ratio agreed upon by the arbitrators and specialists, all of them came to a weak evaluation level.
Based on the research results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were presented.
The most important recommendations:
1. Inviting specialists and those concerned with preparing school curricula for mathematics in the Ministry of Education to benefit from the results of this research in developing the content of mathematics books for the primary stage, and the need to include the criteria of the (4MAT) model for learning styles in the content of primary school books.
The most important suggestions:
1. Conducting other analytical and evaluating studies for mathematics books according to the criteria of the (4MAT) model for learning styles for the different academic stages.

The research targets relationship between director and dramaturg,and the changes occurred at different stages,as dramaturg has become contributors to structure of modern theatrical performance and beyond, due to aesthetic and intellectual characteristics. Research seeks to reveal formulas and levels of dramatic function in performances. Research consists of four chapters. Chapter one dealt with a problem confined following question: What is of dramaturg director’s responssibilty in Kurdish theater? Objectives of the research were:-
1- What are dramaturg levels in Kurdish performances?
2- What are dramaturg formulas in Kurdish performances?
The spatial limit: Kirkuk in (2021). The objective margin determined: What are dramaturg levels in Kurdish plays? Terms defined procedurally: dramaturg, discourse,dramaturg text.In chapter two, two themes emerged:
1- Early beginnings of dramatic features.
2- Dramaturgy and theatrical performance scripts.
A theatrical sample Nights Sing Their Songs was chosen, analyzed according to descriptive analytical method. Tools were theoretical framework outcomes, scrip reading, rehearsal follow ups and watching, notes considered. Outcomes argued in chapter four, conclusions made: 1-Performance scripts have multi,director,actor and technician dramaturg levels.2- Manipulation character buildings and scenes contributed radical change to basic idea of the script,recommendations identified. Research appended with sources, references and appendix.

The teaching strategy is represented as homogeneous steps, and the teacher can transform them into methods and teaching skills that suit the nature of the learner, the course, and the conditions of the educational situation to achieve a goal or objectives. The strategy (Yuadi) is teaching artistic concepts, which are manifested in the constructive composition of the artwork for the purpose of reaching its reflections in educating the aesthetic response of Students of the Department of Art Education, therefore, this problem is based on raising the following question: What is the extent of the reflection of the (Yoadi) strategy in teaching the artistic concepts of constructive composition of the artistic work on the education of the aesthetic response of the students of the Department of Art Education? As the current research aims to identify the teaching of artistic concepts according to the strategy (Yuadi) and its reflection on the aesthetic response of the students of the Department of Art Education, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher put the two zero hypotheses: null hypothesis (1(: "There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the two groups (T, Z) in the aesthetic response post-test."
null hypothesis (2(: There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the two groups (T, Z) in their answers to the aesthetic response test to measure the effect of teaching with a secondary strategy. The research community consists of third grade students / Department of Art Education - College of Fine Arts / Baghdad who are studying art history for the academic year 2020-2021, and their number is (153) students distributed into (8) classes.
To produce the results, the researcher used a set of statistical methods. Based on that, the research came out with the most important conclusions:
1--The teaching process, according to Yawadi’s strategy, formed a positive aspect that was reflected in the development of the aesthetic response of art education students, as it provided them with educational experiences of artistic concepts, as the constructive composition of the artwork depends on it.
2 -The Yawadi strategy has contributed to raising the students' motivation and their attention to the artistic concepts they were exposed to, which motivated them to answer the aesthetic response test.

This paper will find the approximate solution to the linear and nonlinear fuzzy boundary value problems using the variational iteration method. The numerical scheme is based on analyzing the fuzzy problem into two crisp sub-problems. The first is for the upper solution and the second is for the lower solution of the fuzzy solution. Also, the convergence of the obtained variational iteration formula has been proved to converge to the exact solution of the problem under consideration in each illustrative example, since there is no general formula that may be obtained for the correction functional related to the problem under consideration which is due to the variation of the general Lagrange multiplier from one problem to another.

The twentieth century, in which the development of structuralism and linguistics appeared, witnessed a very significant development after the publication of Susser's lectures, which took a great deal of translation into several languages in the world, hence the emergence of constructivist schools that produced many currents and approaches that analyzed language and searched for revelation About its secrets and concepts, which focused on studying its analyzes, contextual references, and external factors that affect the communication processes between the conductor and the recipient, which led to the emergence of multiple new currents and theories that scholars called a pragmatic term that they call the function of language and the extent to which our daily life is affected in terms of the levels of its differences. Where this research consists of:
The first chapter (methodological framework): It includes the research problem represented by the following question (How can deliberative be achieved in a theatrical performance to reveal the deliberativeness of the color formation in the performances of the ritual theater), as well as the illusion of the research that lies for those who need it from specialized scholars and researchers, and the aim of the research. Research is to find accurate scientific foundations that can reach deliberative results in influencing color values, and to define terms and their definitions that are commensurate with what the research aims at.
In the second chapter (theoretical framework the researcher devoted to studying the following:
The first section is about negotiation and concepts.
The second section: the foundations of color formation, its indications, and its functions in performances of the ritual theater.

This paper interested with 3D data forms , 3D point cloud are introduced strong realistic description of big different 3D scenes and object , point cloud is extremely high owing jam caused by huge quantity of data generated from laser scanning device, noise points will be appear in scanning devices by factors of environments. All these noise and unwanted data can be very affected modeling. The point cloud preprocessing is analyzing and changing points cloud to optimize its store , transportation and quality using different computational and mathematical algorithm like compression point cloud, which aid to decrease the storage space or cost and time of transmission, Point cloud clustering aid to eliminate noise and outlier from three dimension points cloud, the point cloud downsample is aim to reduce the points number and KDTree used for structure point cloud in efficient order to find nearest neighbors points, The software process 29 million points while still enabling the user to visualize and navigation smoothly through the point cloud This research working on semantic3D outdoor dataset and Stanfored3D indoor dataset, programming with python 3.7, cloud compare free software v2.6.3 and computer with core i7MP , RAM 16 , NVidia RTX 2060.