Dijlah Journal

This research was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture/University of Kirkuk, with the aim of studying the response of three onion varieties (red, white, and yellow) to spraying chemical pesticides commonly used in combating T. tabaci thrips, the completely randomized block design was used for factorial experiments with two factors, the first factor. (Red, white, yellow varieties) The second factor: the pesticides used (Aktara, Decis, Pinto, Vertemic) and three replicates for each treatment. Readings were taken of spray efficiency, plant height, bulb length and width, bulb weight, and dry bulb weight. The results showed that the red onion variety had the highest response to spraying with various pesticides, as its spray efficiency reached 68.42%, and the pesticide Aktara recorded the highest spray efficiency 69.58%. The red onion variety also recorded the highest value for all characteristics, while the pesticide Aktara recorded the highest value in terms of its effect. The treatment of spraying Aktara on the red onion variety recorded in most characteristics, as the plant height reached (51.37 cm), the length of the onion (4.34 cm), and the dry weight of the onion (19.19 g). As for the weight of the bulb, the best treatment was the treatment of spraying Aktara pesticide on the onions. White reached (135.33 g).

Stopping the procedures in a case, whether the stop is consensual, judicial, or legal, has a number of legal effects that we will discuss, and since the stop will not continue indefinitely, it must end. As for the case, it resumes its course, as stipulated in Article (47) of the Code of Procedure. When submitting the indictment, the plaintiff must attach the number of defendants and a list of documents, and he or his representative must sign each document to acknowledge its content. If it is identical to the original, the court must notify the opponent
The second paragraph: Litigation requests that are not accompanied by the documents and photos specified in the first paragraph of this article will not be accepted, unless the lawsuit is one of the lawsuits that must be filed within a specific period and the period has expired. Expiration.

-Despite the medical development and technological progress in the field of medicine, in recent times we have witnessed the occurrence of many medical errors in this field, which must have a high human dimension. Hence the importance of our research, as the researcher wanted to shed light on medical errors and identify their types. As well as knowing the position of legal legislation and social custom on it.
-The research aims to identify what the medical reasons are, their types, and the legal basics that the doctor hesitates to do when he commits a medical error, and to know to whom people who have been exposed to medical errors resort to the law,or social knowledge, as well as knowing the extent of the impact of the medical error on the patient’s physical and psychological state, and in order to achieve the goals of In the research, the researcher used the visual scanning approach by choosing to create a component of (50) research papers. In collecting information and data, the researcher relied only on questionnaire and observation tools for analysis and interpretation.

Engaging in Sharia sciences for the sake of the sciences and the best of them, because of their impact on the life of a Muslim person, and his understanding of religion is one of the most important and best duties, and it is the secret of a Muslim’s happiness in this world and the hereafter, and from here lies the importance of studying the jurisprudential exceptions that have spread in the chapters of jurisprudence, which show the extent The breadth of the intellectual faculty has among the scholars, and through it the researcher can have the ability to know the aims of the scholars regarding those jurisprudential exceptions, and among other things, my choice on the jurisprudential exceptions to the guarantee, according to Imam Abu Shuja’ (may God have mercy on him) in the book Matn al-Ghaya wa al-Taqrib, who died (593 AH

achievement of Yemeni unity in 1990, as it was supposed to end the political division that had prevailed since the 1960s and before. The contentious
issues between the former North and South Yemen were not resolved, as
the political division deepened when former President Ali Abdullah Saleh
imposed his authority over the South after the 1994 war. He practiced a policy of exclusion towards political forces in the South instead of achieving
reconciliation and power-sharing, and he kept other parties away from exercising power, leading to a decline in his political and constitutional legitimacy. Despite this, he did not respond seriously to political and economic
reform demands, faced security challenges that threatened the stability of
the state, and therefore these policies were among the main reasons for the
start of the Yemeni popular uprising in February 2011.

After the end of the Cold War and the changes that occurred in the balance of
power and the international system, this change is considered a new vision in the
internationalsystem, where economic and diplomatic soft power began to replace
military power. Because the peoples of the world were tired of wars and everyone
began looking for alternatives to impose influence and domination. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the last decade of the twentieth century and the
emergence of the Russian Federation, which was considered a new political entity, this entity tried to move away from what the Soviet Union was by including
Marxist and ideological concepts, where it was replaced by concepts Ideological
conflict with intellectual approaches that tend to reality, such as cooperation and
participation in resolving international crises. In order for Russia to strengthen
its power, Russia began searching for a strategic partner to return the world from
unipolarity to multipolarity, and an attempt by it to limit American hegemony
over the world, as Russia did not find anything better than China to contribute
to building a platform. To compete and stand up again to balance American influence, whether in the Arab region or in the world. As for China, it sees that the
economic and technological growth it has achieved has made it a power seeking
international influence, as it is no longer a hostage to others as it was during the
Cold War. It has begun to search for a strategic partner that possesses economic
and military power to impose International influence and the necessity of getting rid of American hegemony, my understanding isthat Russia is needed to be a major force to confront the unipolar world order. As for the Arab region, it is crossing an arena for international conflict in all economic and military levels. The
growing Russian and Chinese political presence has actually begun, which has
become a major factor in Western American calculations. In light of the failure
of the West’s policies towards the crises in Iraq, Yemen, Lebanon and Palestine,
the Arab region is one of the important strategic regions for international powers.
This is because it is one of the main regions for energy sources and it is located
on the global trade corridor, in addition to being an important market for global
trade. All of these factors contributed to the Russian،Chinese political movement
in the Arab region.

This research aims to shed light on the challenges facing primary schools in the city of Seebah, in addition to focusing on several aspects, including the geographical distribution of schools, the distribution of teachers, students and classes, and the extent and availability of appropriate infrastructure. The results showed that the geographical distribution of schools is unbalanced, with their concentration in some provinces at the expense of other provinces. The study also indicated that there are challenges that affect the efficiency of education in primary schools in the study area, such as lack of resources and lack of infrastructure. Based on these findings, recommendations were made on the need to improve Geographical distribution of schools, developing training programs for teachers, and providing financial resources to develop the infrastructure of primary schools

The study concluded that there is a compatibility between the fungi Fusarium oxysporium. and Rhizoctonia solani in plant diseases and the emergence of symptoms of root organ infections, and both fungi were isolated from infected plants that were collected from different locations in Hawija district, southwest of Kirkuk governorate. The results of the field witnessed a percentage of infection and its severity due to the sensitivity of the cultivars allocated in the experiment, which are Ghazir, Amir, and Nesison And its severity to the fungus R. solani (48%, 0.18), and the infection rate and severity was higher in the treatment of the two pathogenic fungi together, as it was recorded (65%, 0.23) respectively, and thus the cultivar Nicerson proved more sensitive to the infection of cucumber root rot disease caused by fungi F. oxysporium and R. The cultivar Amir was the least sensitive to cucumber root rot disease caused by the two fungi F. oxysporium and R. solani, as the infection rate and severity of the fungus F. oxysporium reached Separately (31%, 0.13), the infection rate and severity of the fungus R. solani was as follows (28%, 0.12), but in the treatment of overlapping the two fungi together, the infection was more severe, reaching (38%, 0.14). From this we infer that the cultivar Amir is less sensitive to infection. Soil fungi that cause cucumber root rot disease R. solani and F. oxysporium As for evaluating the activities of the materials used in the experiment in the laboratory and through the results and the effect rates of the materials, which indicated that all four materials (Beltanol 50% SL, Potassium Phosphate, Humizone, Biocont) achieved a significant effect in inhibiting the colony diameter of F. oxysporum compared to the control treatment with significant differences between all subjects. It recorded the lowest inhibition percentage with Humizone treatment at a concentration of (1) gm with an average of 9.42% and gave the highest colony diameter of 7.72 cm. The highest inhibition was achieved when the treatment was superior to (Beltanol 50% SL) at a concentration of (150) mg L-1. The study factors had a significant effect on the enzymatic activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. The overlap treatment was achieved Biocont + potassium phosphate had a clear superiority and with significant differences. The concentration of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme increased to 3.79 and 70.42 units ml-1, respectively, compared to the healthy treatment, which amounted to 2.42 and 47.44 units ml-1, respectively. The results of the field application of the treatments showed that the fungicide Beltanol 50% SL, Biocont, Humizone and Potassium Phosphate, led to a significant reduction of the infection rate and severity compared to the control treatment inoculated with a disease vaccine, despite the significant difference between them with the superiority of the two-way treatment

The relationship between the environment and man is strong. Corruption of environmental pollution means corruption of human life and exposure to epidemics and diseases. Man cannot live in an environment full of toxins, water, air and soil contaminated on the one hand. Human corruption is offset by corruption of the environment around him on the other. Therefore, taxes on environmental pollution are commonly used by most States to reduce environmental pollutants that harm the ocean. From environmentally polluting cars to taxing them the most on the one hand, to using clean cars on the other hand to reduce environmental pollutants.
The objective of the tax is to finance the revenue of the State's general treasury. Therefore, the development of the State in the multiplicity of its functions, namely the protection of the environment from environmental pollution, has led the tax legislator to legislate an environmental protection law, namely environmental law, and to keep abreast of other international, criminal and administrative legislation to protect the environment. One of the main findings of the research is the promulgation of regulations, laws and legislation by teaching, enlightening and educating human beings about the importance of education. Human experience is important to reconcile the goals of development, preservation of the environment and good handling, in order to achieve more comprehensive development and better exploitation in the short and long term of environmental components. The research's recommendations include the establishment of natural reserves to protect endangered plants and animals on the one hand and recreation on the other, thereby restoring, rehabilitating and restoring decertified lands as a result of serious desertification.

Sustainable development is prominent among policies and plans developed by Governments and States. The aim of the research within a descriptive analytical framework was to highlight the most important policies and efforts of the Malaysian Government to reflect sustainable development while attempting to assess these policies through its indicators. The research concluded that Malaysia had succeeded in achieving several indicators of sustainable development.

In this research entitled (Criminal Liability of the Instigator in Dangerous Crimes), I discussed the case in which the Iraqi legislator, in Penal Code No. (111) of 1969, departed from the general principles that govern the incitement act followed by a form of criminal participation, which stipulated for liability to occur that the criminal result or That he begins to commit it so that the instigator derives his punishment from the original perpetrator. As for this research, we have dealt with incitement after it is an independent crime that exists in itself. One of the conditions for the establishment of responsibility therein is that the criminal result is not achieved, as one side of jurisprudence believes that the position of the Iraqi legislator on criminalizing incitement and considering it an independent crime It exists on its own regardless of the occurrence of the crime. It lies in the philosophy of punishment that aims to protect the legally protected interests from the danger that may occur as a result of this incitement. This is what is called preventive criminalization, as referred to in Articles (170, 198, 212, 221) of the applicable Iraqi Penal Code, which are special. Crimes affecting the state’s external and internal security, as well as the text of Article (3/d) of the Internal Security Forces Penal Code No. (14) of 2008, and after the developments taking place in the field of technology and the rapid and frightening spread of information, which resulted in the possibility of increasing the risks of incitement that spreads through it in a way It is quick, especially in matters that affect the security of society, such as incitement to wars and sectarian fighting, or incitement to overthrow the government or harm the national security of the state, even if no effect results from this incitement. Therefore, it was necessary for the legislator to intervene and put in place preventive measures to prevent this incitement and punish it. Because of its great danger to societal peace.
Based on the above, we will divide this study into three sections: In the first section, we will discuss the nature of the crime of incitement in dangerous crimes. In the second section, we will address the elements of the crime of incitement in dangerous crimes. As for the third section, we will devote it to the forms of incitement in dangerous crimes.

The aim of the research is to determine the extent of the impact of intellectual capital on maximizing profits for a number of industrial companies. The research was based on the descriptive analytical approach based on extracting results by exploring the opinions of the groups included in the research sample, members of the board of directors (for the companies targeted by the research. A questionnaire was designed that covered three axes. The first is represented by demographic information of the sample studied, the second is related to the independent variable (intellectual capital) and the is the dependent variable (profits maximisations). The response data of the researched sample were also analyzed and the research hypotheses represented by the correlation hypothesis and the simple linear regression hypothesis were tested using the (spss.v24) program. The research revealed a set of results, the most important of which is that, The existence of a statistically significant correlation between intellectual منcapital and profits maximization, as it was shown that there is a statistically significant effect of intellectual capital in maximizing profits. In the knowledge economy by providing a flexible organizational climate and providing mechanisms to invest initiatives and ideas and develop skills and expertise in the internal environment of companies for important in profits maximization.

\"The research aimed to study financial policy and its impact on financial and monetary stability in Iraq. To achieve this goal, financial safety indicators were analyzed because of their role in evaluating the performance of the Central Bank as it is the body responsible for the safety and stability of financial policy in Iraq. The research reached several results, the most prominent of which are There is a gap between the capital adequacy ratio of government banks and private banks in favor of the latter. This is due to two factors. The first is that the number of private banks is greater than government banks. The second factor is the increase in private bank capital due to its response to the directives of the Central Bank to increase capital and a minimum of (250) billion. dinar, and it was also shown through the liquid assets index that private banks, despite their high liquidity, are less efficient in facing their financial obligations compared to government banks, and the non-performing loan ratio index showed that there is an increase in this indicator among Iraqi government and private banks, and this indicates Government banks are more exposed to the risk of non-payment compared to private banks because government banks grant loans greater than what private banks grant \".

Private security companies are an important part of the changing international landscape, playing a diverse role in the field of security and defense, and as the world faces multiple challenges, from terrorist threats to the difficulty of maintaining political stability, these companies seek to meet the growing demand for private security services.
This study addresses the role of private security companies in international relations and their impact on global security and stability, through a comprehensive analysis that highlights the positive contributions made by these companies, especially Wagner, in the areas of providing protection and training services, and providing security consultations to governments and international institutions. On the one hand, on the other hand the challenges and risks associated with the operation of private security companies are also explored, including ethical issues, human rights and national sovereignty

Financial and administrative corruption is one of the most dangerous phenomena that Iraqi society suffers from. It is a disease in the body of the nation that hinders development efforts and limits investment in the economic aspect. It also affects the political aspect, weakening democracy and the transfer of power in the absence of transparency. How many countries have failed to achieve growth? Economic and social due to the spread of corruption in the wheels of power, despite the availability of the elements for success and economic growth, including natural, material and human resources. Corruption plays a major role in the waste of resources and the failure of development plans, as a result of the absence of fair competition and absolute transparency in transactions, and the lack of equality, resulting mainly from financial and administrative corruption. .
There are many causes that lead to financial and administrative corruption, multiple forms, and many negative effects that are mainly reflected in the macroeconomic and economic reality of Iraq. Therefore, in this research we address the topic of financial and administrative corruption by explaining the concept of corruption, its causes and repercussions, and its effects on the Iraqi economy. Then means and mechanisms to combat it, through two sections as follows:
The first topic: The nature of financial and administrative corruption in Iraq.
The second section: The economic effects of financial and administrative corruption on the Iraqi economy and means of combating it.

The research aimed to clarify the conceptual framework of civil liability for the act of others, as well as by shedding light on civil liability for the act of others in Iraqi law, and explaining the means of defending civil liability for the act of others. The research discussed the difference between criminal liability and moral responsibility, with a focus On the problem of defining responsibility for the actions of others and how to present responsibility to them in the law. The research has concluded that responsibility for the actions of others is only an exception to the principle, which is that a person is only responsible for his personal actions. Responsibility for the actions of others has two forms, namely the responsibility of the person in charge of control and the responsibility of the follower and the followed. The Iraqi Civil Law did not expand the concept of the subordinate and define it exclusively, nor did it expand its concept to include any person, whether natural or moral, in a way that would guarantee the damages caused by his subordinate if he had actual authority to control and direct the subordinate. The Iraqi Civil Law did not take into account the idea of transferring control over The minor, according to Article (218), remains the father or grandfather responsible for what he does, even if he is in the care and control of someone other than them. This means that if they are not present, the injured person cannot obtain compensation, especially if the minor is special and

The research addressed the ease of access for secondary school students in the city of Qurna by identifying the reality of the spatial distribution of secondary education services and determining their efficiency based on the local planning standards set by the Ministry of Education, as well as determining the characteristics of the spatial distribution of secondary education services through the use of statistical spatial analysis tools for the outcomes. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from By relying on the criterion of ease of access, the scope of the service’s impact according to the number of schools, and clarifying the results on maps of the city of Qurna to diagnose the neighborhoods served by secondary schools, i.e. those that are available in them, and the neighborhoods that suffer from being deprived by this service, to build a proposed spatial model for SIGN to choose the best locations according to the criterion of ease of access for SIGN secondary schools. In the city of Qurna in the future

The study used the method of spatial and statistical analysis of the outputs of geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the patterns of spatial distribution of fuel filling stations in the center of the Shatrah district by applying (nearest neighbor relationship, standard distance, spatial center and average, direction of distribution, scope of service influence), and clarifying the results. In the maps of the study area, the center of Shatrah district according to residential neighborhoods Which made it possible to reach several results, including that the distribution pattern of fuel filling stations is irregular, and the results of the study showed that most of the fuel filling stations are concentrated around their spatial center due to the high population density. As for the distribution direction of the stations, it takes a direction that extends from the northeast towards the southeast. As for the scope of the service’s impact, the results of the study showed that all residential neighborhoods in the study area are not served by this service, except for the Malaab neighborhood, as fuel filling stations are concentrated outside the residential neighborhoods on the roads outside the study area.

The field experiment was carried out at the Field Crops Research Station of the College of Agriculture - Tikrit University in the winter season 2013-2022 with a completely randomized block design and with three replicates according to the split-plate arrangement, where the composite nanofertilizer concentrations (0), 100, and 200 mg/L occupied the main panels, while the main panels were included. Secondary panels on six genotypes of flax (Syrian, Sokha 6, Sokha 5, Khazia 8, Sokha 1, and Polish) to determine the effect of nanofertilizer concentrations and to study the characteristics of the yield and its components.
The results of the study showed the superiority of spraying with nanocomposite fertilizer at a concentration of 200 mg per 1 in terms of the number of capsules in the plant (36.26) (1 plant capsule), the number of seeds in the capsule (9.07) (1 seed capsule), the weight of 1000 seeds (6.87 grams), and the seed yield per plant ( 2.11 gm plants ـ1), the total seed yield (40.74 kg ha ـ1), the biological yield of the plant (20.52) gm plants ـ1), and the harvest index (10.29). The composition Sakha 1 recorded the highest average number of seeds in the capsule (9.11) Seed Capsule - and the harvest index (11.22%), while the Giza 8 formulation was superior in the number of capsules per plant (41.46 plant capsules ـ1), the seed yield per plant (2.16 gm plant, the total seed yield (982.32 kg haـ 1), and the biological plant yield 20.13) gm plantـ The Sakha 6 genotype excelled in the weight of 1000 seeds (7.11 g). The Sakha 1 genotype excelled at a concentration of 200 mg L-1 in the number of seeds per capsule and harvest index (9.78 seed capsule ـ1) and (11.13%). The composition was recorded. Genetic Giza 8 at a concentration of 200 mg liter 1 –
The highest averages for the characteristics of the number of capsules per plant, seed yield per plant, total seed yield and biological yield per plant amounted to (44.54 capsules per plant and 2.50 gm per plant-1). And 1150.63 kg ha-1 and 22.46 gm per plant ـ1). As for the genetic structure of Sakha 6, at a concentration of 200 mg liter-1, it lost It exceeds the weight of 1000 seeds (7.47 g)

The research aims to study the impact of credit risks on financial safety indicators and thus their impact on the values of the banks’ shares in the research sample listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, as credit risks are considered one of the most important risks facing banks due to the nature of banking work represented by receiving deposits and granting loans in addition to investments, and given Due to the importance of the Iraqi banking sector to the Iraqi economy, its exposure to credit risks negatively affects stock prices on the one hand and the economy on the other hand. The research community represented the banking sector in the Iraq Stock Exchange. The research sample was represented by ten banks (the National Bank of Iraq, the Union Bank of Iraq, the Economy Bank, the Commercial Region Bank, the Gulf Commercial Bank, the Iraqi Middle East Bank, Al-Mansour Bank, the Bank of Baghdad, and the Sumer Commercial Bank). And Trans-Iraq Bank), and indicators (the ratio of loans and advances to total deposits, the ratio of loans and advances to total assets, the ratio of loans and advances to liquid assets, the ratio of the provision for doubtful loans to loans and advances) were used to measure the credit risks of the banks in the research sample, as for safety. The financial indicators were represented by indicators (capital adequacy, return on assets, return on equity, liquidity), while the closing price per share in the Iraq Stock Exchange was used in the value of shares for the period 2017-2022. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which is the varying levels of share values. The market value of banks according to the variations in financial soundness indicators and credit risk indicators, as credit risk indicators contribute to the variation in stock values with two types of impact, the first direct in addition to the second indirect impact through financial soundness indicators, in which the mediating role of conveying the relationship between credit risk indicators and stock values has been proven. For banks, the research sample and its partial form, and within the limits of the moral relationships therein

The research addressed the role of banking competition in stimulating economic growth, through the theoretical facts provided by the economic theory literature about banking competition, economic growth, and the impact of levels of competition on economic growth. The research specialized in studying the reality of banking competition in Iraq and its role in stimulating economic growth. The research problem focused on the basic question: What is the reality of competition in the banking market in Iraq and what is its impact on stimulating economic growth The objectives of the research were to study the literature related to banking competition and economic growth and the relationship between them and employ it to analyze the relationship between banking competition and economic growth in Iraq, and descriptive analysis of the facts and data, to determine the direction of development of the relationship, its dimensions, the type of factors affecting it and the possibility of developing it, and to measure and analyze the relationship between the variables that represent the relationshipThoughtful. The research used statistical methods and economic measurement of the relationship between the variables that represent the impact of banking competition on economic growth, and reached a number of conclusions summed up in the fact that enhancing developments in the Iraqi banking system did not rise to the level of addressing the fundamental problems in the structure of the banking system, which is reflected in The foundations of banking competition are available and the conditions for competition in the banking market are complete, while the recommendations stressed the need to improve the development in the basic indicators and standard ratios of the Iraqi banking sector to indicate more relative improvement in the characteristics of the banking market and an upward relative positive growth in the requirements of banking competition

This means researching the study analyzing the relationship between fiscal space and poverty in Iraq by explaining the importance of fiscal space in Iraq and its advantages that can play an important role in reducing the poverty rate. The research included annual data for Iraq for the period (2004-2020). This research derives importance from many aspects, including the importance of fiscal space, which means the empty space that can be exploited and activated in a way that serves the country to reduce the severity or percentage of poverty that has long risen, especially in recent times as a result of political imbalances. What happened in Iraq, in addition to the recent wars and conflicts, all affected the Iraqi country in general and the poor in particular. The research addressed the theoretical framework of fiscal space and its relationship to poverty and how fiscal space can reduce the poverty rate. It also addressed the theoretical framework of poverty, fiscal policy, and the relationship of poverty to fiscal policy. He also discussed the standard method for analyzing poverty indicators
During the indicator of the number of poor people in society, the fiscal space for poverty from the public debt, the fiscal space for poverty according to
Spending priority rule.

Knowledge is the product of accumulated knowledge of accumulated experiences, whether it is (non-abstract knowledge) or scientific knowledge. When talking about direct knowledge and within a broader scope, knowledge is not a new product or the recent past, but rather developed with the emergence of man, and as a result of the third urgent need for ways and solutions to phenomena. The frightening and complex nature that his abilities were absolute, so primitive man became infinite in inventions and solutions to explain phenomena in order to continue to detain those frightening restrictions that were before him, and that among the first knowledge that emerges in human life is historical knowledge that enjoyed myths and the like, that knowledge Historical is the first step in the search for an explanation for comprehensive situations and events, and it has already begun with the human mind expanding and maturing in knowledge of phenomena, arriving at the scientific and technological knowledge that represents the current stage.

Talib, the second imam after his father, the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, whose Imamate lasted for ten years, and he is the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, from Imam Ali and Lady Fatima al-Zahra, upon them both. Peace, he lived for seven years with his grandfather, the Chosen One, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family. The clothing in which the verse of purification was revealed, and among those whom the Holy Qur’an urged their affection in the verse of affection, and he shared his wealth with the poor and needy three times until he was called the noble of the people of the house,.

This topic is one of the modern topics that have emerged recently, and accordingly no one has previously dealt with it in an extensive manner, and therefore it is a new addition to legal jurisprudence, and it is one of the legal works that can be nourished by the legal library, and the research of this topic would It leads to opening new horizons for the legislator, drawing his attention to follow the path of those who take it, and thus expanding the scope of its application, and issuing more legislation that codifies it, with the aim of achieving the great benefits that will result from it, and this topic shows the value of the practical and scientific legal rules regulating it Both, and a second topic on the conditions for suspending the execution of the penalty and the judge\'s discretionary authority, and a third topic on the effects of the suspension of the execution of the penalty, and a conclusion that includes the most important results and recommendations

Energy sources, especially oil and natural gas, have occupied great importance for countries, whether they are producers or consumers, and accordingly countries struggle to obtain energy resources, as the oil of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is characterized by its international quality and the low cost of transportation relative to other producing countries. Accordingly, the Kingdom has exercised the role of a swing producer to serve its economic interests in the short and long term, and Saudi Arabia has strengthened this role to benefit from it politically, economically and strategically.

The research aims to shed light on the relationship between fair trade and sustainable development indicators in the United States of America for the period (2004-2021), with the aim of knowing whether this improvement or deterioration that fair trade has witnessed is due to a recovery or contraction in the size of some sustainable development indicators or is due to other factors, by conducting an analytical study to clarify this.

The research aims to shed light on the analysis of the development of the structure of exports, the trade balance, and some other economic variables in Japan for the period (2004-2020), with the aim of determining whether this improvement or deterioration in the structure of exports and the trade balance is due to a recovery or contraction in the size of some economic variables or It is due to other factors, through conducting an analytical study to clarify this.

Filling stations are among the most important facilities and service facilities whose signature in cities is of prime importance, due to the increase in the number of vehicles in light of the multiplicity of functional activities, especially after 2003, in addition to what was offered to the population in facilitating their transportation from one place to another, so the aim of this research is to Knowing the geographical distribution of fuel filling stations in the city district, and their compliance with the controls, standards and foundations set by the Ministry of Oil, as it was found that all study stations were established without planning or applying local standards.

Private international law in each country contains national rules of reference that specify the law applicable to the relations of people with an international dimension, in addition to containing unilateral rules that contribute to giving preference to the status of the judge’s law in ruling on private international disputes. The national judge may apply his own law to the dispute. What is presented before him is a unilateral and exclusive application in a way that is not disputed by any foreign law, because the issue presented is related to the entity of the judge’s state, whether from a political, economic or social perspective.
Whereas the law of the judge plays an important role in private international law when protecting the interest of the national party, and is applied in a necessary and direct manner when it comes to the rules of public order, and as a result of the correlation between judicial jurisdiction and the applicable law.

The study aims to reveal the reality of secondary education services and their spatial distribution in the city of Al-Hartha, and to know their level of adequacy in quantitative terms and the degree of their efficiency in terms of their presence. The number of secondary schools in the city of Al-Hartha has reached (12,526) students.
The study relied on local standards to evaluate the efficiency of secondary education services in the city of Al-Haritha, which showed a clear discrepancy for some variables, which constitutes an unacceptable indicator of secondary education services. It also showed that there was a deficiency in the standards that were studied.
The research included studying the spatial distribution of secondary spatial education services in the city of Al-Haritha (from the distribution of schools, students, people, and educational staff), and then evaluating the efficiency of secondary education in Al-Haritha according to the planning standards for educational services in Iraq. The results showed that secondary education services suffer from a defect in the level of efficiency according to According to the planning standards of Al-Haritha city.

A field study was conducted in a yellow corn field in Hawija District - Kirkuk for the period from 7/1/2022 - October 2022, and the effectiveness of three chemical pesticides was evaluated, which included Coragen20SC (chlorantraniliprole), Evisect 50 WP (Thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate), and Match 50EC ( Lufenuron and the biological preparation Antario KAB B.thuringiensis var kurstaki +Abamectin 0.1%) and their compatibility in combating the fall armyworm S.frugiperda on the yellow maize crop (KSC 703).
The results showed that all chemical and biological pesticides and their combinations were able to reduce the infection percentages. The severity of fall armyworm infestation on corn plants, in varying percentages, after the first and second sprays, the treatment ( Coragen + Match ) at the halfi-field concentration had the highest reduction percentage of fall armyworm infestation after the first and second sprays, reaching 90.8 and 93.4%, respectively, this was followed by the treatment (Coragen) with field concentration, where the reduction percentage reached 90.7% for both the first and second sprays, respectively, followed by the two combination treatments (Coragen + Antario) and (Antario + Match) for the first and second sprays, with reduction percentages reaching (86.4 and 88%). (81 and 82.2%), respectively, and the combination (Coragen + Match) at the half-field concentration was superior in terms of the lowest infection severity rate, reaching 11.47%, followed by the two treatments (Coragen at the field concentration) and the combination (Coragen + Antario), which reached 13.47 and 15.07. % respectively, compared to the control treatment (38.83%), and it was found that the combination treatment (Coragen + Match) at the half field concentration showed the lowest percentage of loss in yield, amounting to 10.67%, followed by a non-significant difference from the combination (Coragen + Antario )as the percentage of loss was the result was 17.26%, while the highest percentage of loss was in the Antario treatment, amounting to 46.10%, compared to the control treatment (76.46%)

The topic of the research includes shedding light on the right of the divorced wife to housing, what is the legal and legitimate basis for the right of the divorced wife to housing, and highlighting what are the conditions for the entitlement and deprivation of the divorced wife of the right to housing
The research ends with a set of results and recommendations that the researchers hope will contribute to the development and deepening of the research topic

The right to Return the contract is considered one of the most important legal rights that gives the Consumer the ability to renounce the Return, as the legislator has resorted in some contracts, especially Consumer concluded remotely and home sales, to grant the contractor a period to renounce after concluding the contract, in order to give him the opportunity to think and contemplate well and make sure of the contract. The suitability of the product or service that is the subject of the contract to his personal or family needs. Due to the importance of this right, the legislator has restricted it with certain controls and provisions in order to guarantee the rights of both parties and the stability of the contractual transactions. It has set a specific period within which withdrawal must be exercised. From an objective standpoint, it has excluded some contracts from the scope of exercising the right. From a personal perspective, only the consumer is granted the right to exercise this. The right of Return is considered like other rights, and its use Return in many effects that we will discuss in our research.

The research aims to show the impact of the role of fiscal policy shocks on some macroeconomic variables in the United Arab Emirates and to evaluate the role of this policy during the period (2004-2020), where it was found that there was a positive and direct relationship between the gross domestic product in the United Arab Emirates and government spending and tax revenues. In the long and short term, this indicates that government spending in the Emirates is directed towards investment purposes and the formation of the GDP, and taxes are also directed to increase the growth of the GDP

Imidazoles have held a distinct place in the field of heterocyclic chemistry, and having two non-adjacent nitrogen atoms significantly improved both synthetic and natural compounds. In recent years, derivatives have garnered significant attention due to their versatile properties in both chemistry and pharmacology. Imidazole is a heterocyclic ring that contains nitrogen and has biological and pharmacological significance. Hence, Imidazole compounds have continued to captivate researchers' interest for more than a century. As a polar aromatic compound that can be ionized, it improves pharmacokinetic characteristics. One important synthetic approach in drug development is the consolidation of the imidazole unit. imidazole derivatives are utilized for wide spectrum of biological activities such as antibacterial, anticancer, antitubercular, antifungal, analgesic, and anti-HIV activities. This paper aims to review the biological activity, industrial, and agricultural of imidazole azo compound during the past years

Conflict management is an essential part of the management process in any organization, whether business, government, or non-profit. Conflicts arise from differences in goals, values, needs, or opinions between individuals or groups within an organization. If conflict is not dealt with effectively, it can lead to increased stress and reduced productivity and flexibility at work.
Conflict management is a vital aspect of the work environment that requires careful attention and constant examination. Although conflict cannot be completely avoided in any organization, an effective response to it can have a positive impact on employee motivation. Effective conflict management strategies can contribute to enhancing the working environment and improving employee relations, which ultimately leads to increased satisfaction and commitment from the working team.
Where Effective conflict management strategies depend on a range of factors that include effective communication, promoting mutual understanding and respect between conflicting parties. Scientific research also shows that directing attention to problem solving and providing space to express different opinions can reduce stress and enhance team spirit. In addition, encouraging innovation and creative thinking in the face of challenges can contribute to improving team dynamics and enhancing the desire to contribute effectively to achieving the organization\'s goals

The current research aims to investigate conflict management strategies and their impact on employee motivation. This study holds significant importance in light of the prominent influence that conflict management strategies have on employee motivation in work environments. The researcher employed a descriptive approach, and the research sample consisted of 113 employees of the Electronic Industries Company. The questionnaire consisted of three alternatives and 25 items. The researchers reached a set of the following results and recommendations:
There is an impact of conflict management strategies on the motivation of employees in the Electronic Industries Company.
The company's conflict management strategies can be attributed to the strong commitment to the organization's resources and adherence to their duties. It can also be attributed to each employee's personal values, beliefs, and their conviction of the necessity to work with high quality and productivity.
It is essential for companies and organizations to pay attention to the behaviors of conflict management strategies and their role in employee motivation.
Workshops and training programs should be conducted to instill motivation in employees in both government and private institutions.

The study aimed to isolate and diagnose yeasts from patients with can￾cer, kidney failure, and pulmonary tuberculosis, and to detect the inhib￾itory effectiveness of the Cladosporium cucumerenium fungus on yeasts
that were isolated during the time period from September 2022 to May
2023. It indicated that there were seven types of yeast that were isolated
and identified using the ink stain. Indian differentiation media, belonging
to the genus Cryptococcus neofrmuns, emerged with three species, C. al￾bidus, C. laurentii, and in the genus Candidiasis with three species, Cadida
albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. guilliermondii, and the genus Trichosporon
asahi appeared. All species were resistant to the antibiotic amphotericin B.
Cryptococcus neofrmuns is less resistant to fungal antibioticsThe highest
inhibitory activity was recorded at 100% concentration against Trichospo￾ron asahi, Candida guilliermondi and Cryptococcus neoformuns with an
average inhibition diameter of 8, 9 and 5 mm, respectively. The lowest ac￾Sahary M. Mahmoud
صحاري موفق محمود
Isolating and identifying yeasts from immunosuppressed patients and
testing the effectiveness of the alcoholic and aqueous extract of the
fungus Cladosporium cucumerenium on these yeasts.
Rashid K. Shaban
راشد خميس شعبان
Milad A. Mezhar
ميالد عدنان مزهر
جامعة تكريت/ كلية الرتبية للعلوم الرصفة/ قسم علوم حياة جامعة تكريت/ كلية الرتبية للعلوم الرصفة/ قسم علوم حياة
جامعة تكريت/ كلية الرتبية للعلوم الرصفة/ قسم علوم حياة
saharemoufaq23@gmail.com
املجلد )7( العدد )1( اذار)2024 ( مجلة كلية دجلة الجامعة
1041
tivity was recorded against C.albicans and Cryptococcus laurentii with an
average inhibition diameter of 1.3 and 0.1 mm, respectively. While the concentration of 50% recorded the highest inhibitory activity against Trichosporon yeast, Candida guiilliermondii, and Cryptococcus neoformuns, with
an average inhibition diameter of 0.9, 5.6, and 4.3 mm, respectively. The
lowest activity was recorded against the yeast C.albicans and Cryptococcus
laurentii with an average diameter of inhibition of 0.1 and 1.7 mm. The inhibitory effect of the alcoholic extract on yeasts was recorded, as the 100%
concentration gave the highest inhibitory activity against C.guilliermondii
and Trichosporon asahii with an average inhibition diameter of 10.3 and
10.2 mm, respectively. The lowest percentage of inhibition was recorded
against C. albicans and Cryptococcus laurentii yeast, where the average diameter of inhibition was 7.1 and 6.1 mm. While the concentration of 50%
gave the highest activity against C.guilliermondii and Trichosporon asahii
with an average diameter of inhibition of 6.5 and 7.1 mm, respectively,
while C.albicans yeast and Cryptococcus laurenti recorded 3.0 and 2.7 mm.
The inhibitory activity is due to the alcoholic extract of the C. cucumerenium fungus, which contains secondary compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids
and terpenes that have inhibitory activity on microorganisms such as yeasts
and bacteria

Salmonella is a zoonotic disease, and it’s a multi-system disease. It is a deadly disease in developing countries, and Iraq is considered one of the countries where salmonella is widespread. Due to incorrect use, it has led to some mutations in bacteria, and the bacteria to become more resistant to antibiotics through various mechanisms including mutation in the chromosome, activation of the efflux pump, inactivation of the antibiotic, circumvention of the target, reduced penetration of the antibiotic, and horizontal gene transfer. The aim to study of mutation, occur in Salmonella serovar Typhi due to abuse antibiotic

This paper aims to provide a conceptual framework around the concept of ignorance organizational and perspective historical and types and its administration, and characterized this paper introduced a new concept upset concepts of knowledge management in the future upside down in an economy of knowledge and learning organizations, and was the most prominent findings of the paper that the importance of ignorance more than the importance of knowledge and that the benefits of the administration of ignorance be greater than the benefits of knowledge management, and must develop the concept of organizational ignorance in term of administrative Sciences and attention from the subject departments. The paper concluded a set of proposals.

There are many difficulties facing of using solar cell in generating electric Power, Such as high initial cost of system and low efficiency of generating of power due to high ambient temperature. Many studies was done to reduce the effecting of this difficulties, in this project we made a practical study to know the effect of cooling of solar cell by using a cold air produce from evaporative cooling system on the performance of the Solar cell. The results of experiments for many days was indicated an improvement in output power and efficiency of solar cell from 10% to 20% in Comparison of not using Cooling.

Beloved, a highly regarded novel authored by Toni Morrison, delves into and intricately portrays the tragic fate of enslaved individuals, with a particular focus on enslaved mothers. This study investigates the distressing experiences associated with motherhood within the context of the era of slavery is vividly shown through the central characters of Sethe, Denver, Beloved, and Baby Suggs. It provides a historical depiction of the multifaceted role of women who simultaneously assumed the responsibilities of motherhood and slavery.
However, the study proceeds by examining the temporal dimension, followed by an analysis of the interrelationships among various characters for elucidation. To highlight the profound negative impact of slavery on the institution of motherhood. The concept of maternal significance is not only explored but also provides a glimpse into a broader societal context. Mothers endured significant physical and emotional distress, as well as instances of sexual exploitation, in their efforts to protect their offspring. Despite potentially lacking moral acceptability, individuals may yet have a common destiny. The topic of interest pertains to the themes of slavery, motherhood, and sexual exploitation as shown in the renowned novel \\"Beloved\\" authored by Toni Morrison.

The study aims to highlight the importance of investing in gender justice and women's empowerment and its impact on achieving sustainable development and confronting environmental changes, as it is one of the major issues that requires greater attention, due to its impact on society as a whole. In addition, work to identify arguments about the importance of the role of women in addressing climate change. Through a general survey of a number of previous studies, it was found that the sustainable development goals will be achieved more quickly thanks to the mutually beneficial relationship between gender equality and environmental goals. There are also effects of climate change on women in particular, the most important of which is the impact on food security, work, and health care.

The existence of openings in a gable beam would have numerous advantages, the most important of which would be a reduction in the overall weight. These advantages include geometric flexibility, ease of handling when erected, and more. The purpose of this study is to investigate, the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete gable beams with different number of posts and size of openings, this goal has been specified with beams stiffness, the maximum load carrying capacity, and strains of the beams. Beams are identical in their dimensions and reinforcement. The experimental program involved casting and testing four simply supported beams; solid beam (reference beam) and the others with openings. They were 3000mm long, 100mm wide, and 400mm depth in the middle, tapering to 250mm on both ends, concentrically loaded. The results demonstrate, the load carrying capacity is reduced by 5.3–18.9 % and the mid-span deflection is increased by 41–56 % when openings are existed compared to the solid gable beam. Enhancement represented by increases in strength and decreases in deflection was observed when the number of posts increase from 4 to 6 and then 8, respectively while the total opening area was maintained. Creation of openings in concrete gable beams, can reduce their weight by about 11.7%