Psychological Science

The aim of the current research is to identify the arithmetic mean achieved in the vital personality of Mosul University students and to identify the significance of the differences between the individuals of the research sample according to the variables (gender, class and specialization), as the research sample consisted of (800) male and female students who were randomly selected distributed among the scientific and human colleges for the academic year (2023/2024). To achieve the research objectives, the researcher applied the vital personality tool that the researchers built and the validity of the scale was verified by adopting (apparent validity, construct validity, self-validity). As for stability, it was calculated in two ways, namely (the repetition method, and the internal homogeneity method, the Cronbach's alpha equation). After application, the data were processed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program and the results showed as follows: -
1_The arithmetic mean achieved in the personality Vitality is above the default average of the research tool.
2_There is a significant difference in the vital personality among the individuals of the research sample according to the variable of grade (second - fourth) in favor of the fourth and between specialization (scientific, humanities) in favor of scientific, and there is no statistically significant difference in the vital personality according to the variable of gender (males – females).
In light of the research results, the researchers came up with recommendations, including the following: -
1_ Calling on the responsible educational and psychological authorities at the University of Mosul to benefit from the vital personality scale in evaluating the psychological status of students.
2_Generalizing the benefit of subsequent educational, psychological and social research from the vital personality scale.
In continuation of the research process, the researchers propose conducting the following studies: -
_1 The effect of an educational program to develop the vital personality among students of the University of Mosul.
_2 The effect of an educational program to develop the problem-solving skill among students of the University of Mosul.

The aim of the research was to build a measure of the Explicit Personality of Mosul University students, identify their Explicit Personality, and identify the significance of differences in Explicit Personality among the members of the research sample depending on variables (gender, specialty, grade). It consisted of the Research Sample basic (800) Students chose a stratified random from the Faculty of the University for the academic year (2023/2024) distributors (12) College of (6) Faculty of Humanity (6) scientific development in order to achieve the research objectives, the Applied Researcher tools are: a measure of the profile express the researcher to build it, or trust the gesture of his account in two ways namely, by replays, after the application of treated data statistically using the program pouch statistics for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the results showed them available for download yet:
1. Mosul University students have a frank personality and a good level.
2. The relative superiority of female students over Mosul University students in the level of good frank personality.
3. The relative excellence of the students of the humanities specialization at the University of Mosul in the frank and good character. In light of the research results, the researcher came up with recommendations, including the following:
1. Invite the responsible educational and psychological authorities at the University of Mosul to take advantage of the explicit personality scale in assessing the psychological situation of students
2. Popularization of the use of the explicit personality scale in subsequent pedagogical and psychosocial research. Based on the results, the researchers recommended several things, including:
1. A study of the impact of an educational program for the development of explicit personality among students of the University of Mosul.

The nervous system helps the human body to perform all its tasks, including organizing the vital functions, controlling all simple and complex behaviors, and perceiving everything around him. Among the difficulties that face a patient with nerve fascicle are his loss of balance, an abnormality in his vital signs, and in others leading his life journey to be difficult and unbearable. Thus, the researchers of the present work has raised the following question: What are the psychological and physical life difficulties of persons’ who are inflicted with nerve fascicle? To answer this question, it is to adopt a descriptive methodology and use appropriate statistical methods with a sample of (100) patients suffering from nerve fascicle. The research has concluded that the patients have faced (20) psychological difficulties, beginning with the emotion controlling difficulty, and (27) physical difficulties, which begins with temperature reduction difficulty. Results have also shown that (female) patients face psychological and physical life difficulties to a greater degree than male patients. It has also turned out that the more the patient adheres to the treatment program, the more decrease in these life difficulties. Finally, the research has set a number of recommendations, such as: There is a necessity of: broadcasting via television, radio, and other social media awareness-raising programs about nerve fascicle, and conducting a correlational survey study on a larger sample to clarify the relationship between the disease and other life variables.

The current research aims to identify: Measuring e-learning in light of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of students (pros and cons)،To achieve the objectives of the research، the researchers built a scale for e-learning in light of the Corona pandemic، based on the model (pienar، 2007)، where the scale consisted of (38) items، After verifying the accuracy of the psychometric properties of the research scale and its paragraphs، the research scale was applied to the basic research sample of (576) students who were chosen by the simple random sampling method، and the results were extracted using the statistical bag (SPSS) and the means are (arithmetic mean، standard deviation، Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test for one sample) and the results were as follows، There are statistically significant differences in all items of the e-learning scale، With the exception of paragraph (5)، most of the paragraphs emphasized the importance of the continuity of e-learning and its positive benefit to students، The researcher came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions key words: Electronic learning، Corona pandemic

The current research aimed to identify:
- Self-awareness among educational counselors.
- Identifying the significance of statistical differences in self-awareness according to the variable (gender, specialization)
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built a research tool represented by a measure of self-awareness among educational counselors. The research sample consisted of (220) male and female counselors from the Baghdad education directorates (Al-Karkh and Rusafa) for the academic year 2023-2024. The data was analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS). The results are as follows:
- Educational counselors have self-awareness.
- There are no statistically significant differences in self-awareness according to the variable (gender, specialization).
The research concluded by discussing the results and presenting some recommendations and proposals.

The current study aimed to determine the effect of the periodic investigation model on the acquisition of educational concepts among students of the Department of Qur’anic Sciences in the subject of fundamentals of education and the development of their logical thinking. The researcher used an experimental design consisting of two groups of equal size, one of which was the experimental group that was taught using the model and the control group that was taught using the traditional one. The usual research sample consisted of (74) male and female students divided into two groups. The researcher rewarded these two groups for a number of variables such as (Chronological age in months, intelligence test, and logical thinking test). The researcher concluded that there was a statistecally signifecant differnce in fivor of the experemental groups taught accorrding to the model, and in light of the results, he presented his conclusions and recommendations. 

This research sheds light on the correlation between perceived self-efficacy and active control of social environment among university students according to Albert Bandura’s theory (1986), and it highlights the importance of these variables in understanding the behavior of individuals in their social environment.
This research aims at identify:
1- Perceived self-efficacy among university students.
2- Statistically significant differences in self-efficacy according to the gender variable (males, females) among university students.
3- Active control of the social environment among university students.
4- Statistically significant differences in active control of the social environment according to the gender variable (males, females) among university students.
5- Statistically significant correlation between the variables of self-efficacy and control of the social environment among university students.
This research was limited to Al-Mustansiriya University students of both sexes (females and males) except for first year students for both scientific and humanities studies for the academic year (2023-2024). A measurement tool was built based on Bandura's theory (1986), and the following results were obtained:
1- The individuals of the research sample of university students have perceived self-efficacy.
2- There are no statistically significant differences for the individuals of the research sample of university students according to gender (females - males) for perceived self-efficacy.
3- The individuals of the research sample of university students have active control over their social environment.
4- There are no statistically significant differences for the individuals of the research sample of university students according to gender (females - males) for their active control over social environment.
5- There are no statistically significant differences in the correlation between the research variables (perceived self-efficacy and active control over the social environment) among university students.
This research also concluded with recommendations and suggestions

The current research aimed to measure emotional experience and professional Adjustment and the relationship between them, and the differences in the relationship between emotional experience and professional Adjustment according to the gender variable among primary school teachers in Baghdad. The research sample consisted of (400) male and female teachers. In order to achieve the research aims, the researcher prepared a measure of emotional experience. Which consisted of (20) items. As for the second scale, the preparation of a professional adjustment scale, which consisted of (20) items. The researcher verified the face and construct validity of the two scales, and that each scale has subscales. The emotional experience contains four subscales, which are (joy, pride, sadness, anger), and reliability was verified through retesting, and the Stability coefficient reached (0.847) As for professional Adjustment, it included three dimensions, namely(satisfaction with the professional nature and work environment, the Self-awareness, and the social dimension), as the value of the retest reached (0.767). The results showed that there is a Correlational relationship between emotional experience and professional adjustment among primary school teachers.

The aim of the present study was investigate the relationship between (Emotional divorce) as independent variable and (Subjective well-being) as mediating variable, among a sample of (110) married teachers from schools of Badra city for the academic year (2023-2024), through measures of (Emotional divorce and Subjective well-being) , the results of the study found that the study sample had low emotional divorce and high Subjective well-being, and there were statistically differences in emotional divorce depending on the years of marriage in favor of (6 years and more). There are also no statistically statistically differences in Subjective well-being, they study also found that there is an inverse relationship between the Emotional divorce and Subjective well-being of school teachers.

The research aimed to identify the relationship between cognitive perception anxiety and the two personality types (A-B) among middle school students.
The researcher derived nine sub-objectives from this main objective to identify the level of the variables of cognitive perception anxiety and the two personality types (A-B), and the significance of the differences for both according to the variables of gender (males - females) and specialization (scientific - literary), as well as extracting the correlation between them.
The research sample was stratified by students in the fifth year of middle school, and its number was (230) male and female students from (5) schools, (2) females and (3) males, with the number of males (101) and females (129) being (144) male and female students from the scientific specialization. And (86) male and female students from the literary specialization.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted Hassan’s scale (2015) based on the theory of (Kelly, 1955), consisting of (36) items with alternatives (applies to me to a very great extent - applies to me to a great extent - applies to me to a moderate degree - applies To a small degree (it does not apply to me completely). As for the second variable, personality types (A-B), the researcher adopted Ahmed and hiba scale (2015), which consists of (30) items, noting that the answer alternatives are (I agree - I am not sure - I do not agree) of the two research tools, the researcher applied the two scales in their final form to the application sample of fifth grade middle school students, numbering (230) male and female students. To treat the data statistically, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program and statistical methods (Pearson correlation coefficient) were used. T-test for one sample - T-test for two independent samples).
The researcher recommended the following
1. The need for educators to pay attention to developing educational programs to enhance self-confidence and others among students with anxious personalities, because this trait as a whole is affected by socialization.
2. The necessity of activating the teaching and educational role in the process of identifying students’ personality traits and helping them confront and solve problems.
3. Benefiting from students with personality type (A) who are characterized by the characteristic of competing in scientific and cultural competitions.
4. Work to reduce the personality type (A) among students by reducing stress, giving them the necessary time to learn, and not specifying short times to complete the study requirements, in order to reduce the personality type (A) and thus reduce the risk of heart disease.

Today, the contemporary world is witnessing a set of rapid changes in the field of communication and information technology, which has made information transmitted to all parts of the globe in fractions of a second. Social networking sites are among the latest and most popular communications technology products, even though these sites were originally created for communication. Social interaction between individuals, but its use extended to include several activities, aiming to study the current facts related to a phenomenon, situation, or group of individuals. This study relied on the sample social survey approach and used the questionnaire tool to identify the extent of the impact of technological means on the intellectual security of youth in Iraqi society, as the sample amounted to The study included (200) individuals from young men and women between the ages of 15-30. The study found the contribution of the presence of pages on social networks to spread hate speech and spread sectarianism. The number reached (149) respondents, with a percentage of 33.33%, in confronting advocates of deviant thought, and it came in a number of (138), with a percentage of 25.41%. That there is a complete rejection of any form of intellectual, religious and sectarian extremism, as it came in a number of (127) respondents, with a percentage of 20.92%, and that the family came in a number of (147) respondents, with a percentage of 33.49%, and protecting children against being influenced by advocates of intellectual deviation came in the order. The first was with a number of (153) respondents, with a percentage of 26.98%. Therefore, we recommend including concepts related to intellectual security, especially moderation and moderation in Islam, in the school curricula, taking into account the smoothness and attractiveness of the presentation and the accompanying applied activities.

The research aims to shed light on the concept of social weaning, and to know the relationship between social weaning and family cohesion, as the stage of individuals’ transition from total dependence on the family to self-reliance and taking responsibility. The problem of the research came in the ability to solve personal and professional problems on their own, and the presence of a strong desire to form The family when forced to marry, and the research reached a set of results, including: Nearly half of the sample members were (20-30) years old, with their number reaching (130), at a rate of (53.3%). More than half of the research sample members were female, at a rate of (162), at a rate of (54%). The members of the research sample answered that thinking about isolation from the family for the purpose of self-reliance was at a rate of (154) and at a rate of (51.3%). However, most of the members of the research sample answered with (yes) that they faced difficulties at the beginning of social weaning at a rate of (230) at a rate of (76.7). %).

The research aimed to identify :
Decision making among kindergarten teachers -1
2- Decision-making among kindergarten teachers according to the specialization variable
The sample of the current research consisted of (321) of all government kindergarten teachers affiliated with the directorates of education of Al-Karkh 1st - 2nd - 3rd), and Al-Rusafa 1st - 2nd - 3rd) in Baghdad Governorate for the academic year (2023 (2024). To achieve the objectives of the current research, the two researchers By adopting the decision-making scale by the researcher (Muhammad) (2010), which consists of (40) items, which were agreed upon by the arbitrators to demonstrate apparent validity. After this procedure, the paragraph (35,23,223) was deleted, so the number of items in the decision-making scale became (36). A paragraph in its final form, followed by five answer alternatives, which apply to me to a very great extent, to a great extent, to a moderate degree, and to a small degree, noApply to)
After verifying the availability of psychometric properties of the current research tools and after applying them to the sample of kindergarten teachers) and collecting data and processing it statistically, the researcher concluded
To the following results
Conclusions
1- The kindergarten teacher is able to make decisions and is confident in herself when choosing the best alternative She is not hesitant and relies on her personal ability
2- Specialization is not the obstacle in making work decisions for kindergteachers
He wants to perform his duty towards the work assigned to him, and I differ in his specialty by trying to perform it with all honesty Confident
Then the researchers presented a set of recommendations and proposals

The current research aims to identify
1. The presence of academic engagement among students of the College of education for girls
2. Statistically significant differences in academic engagement among students of the College of education for girls according to the variables of the second – fourth stage
. 3Statistically significant differences in academic engagement among female students of the College of education for girls depending on the two specialization variables( scientific-humanitarian ) .

To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built an academic engagement scale consisting of( 28) a paragraph according to the Fredericks theory and the researcher adopted the answer alternatives( always, often, sometimes, rarely, never) and the research sample amounted to (200) a student selected by the random stratified method with a proportional distribution of the female students of the Faculty of education for girls as (100) a student from the computer department and(100) a student from the Department of educational and psychological sciences for the academic year(م)m, the researcher followed the descriptive method and statistically, the researcher used several statistical methods, including : The statistical bag (spss), the T-test of two independent samples, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the alpha cronbach correlation coefficient, and the T-test of one sample, and the researcher reached many conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

This research aims to measure the effective communication skills, and the differences between individuals according to the variable of social status, and the number of years of employment among members of the Higher Institute for Security and Administrative Development of the Iraqi Ministry of Interior. The research consisted of (400) members, and to achieve the aims of the research, the researchers built an effective communication skill scale, which consists of 30 items. The researchers verified the face and construct validity of the scale. Reliability was also verified through retesting. Reliability was also verified through retesting, and the reliability coefficient reached (0.87), and the reliability coefficient using the Cronbach method reached (0.84),The results showed that the members of the Higher Institute For security and administrative development, they have effective communication skills, and there are also no statistically significant differences in effective communication skills among the research sample depending on the marital status variable and the number of years of service variable. Based on the research findings, the researchers recommended a set of recommendations and suggestion.

The current research aims to identify the attitudes of Iraqi university students towards homosexuality, as the study was carried out on a sample chosen by a simple random method, and the researcher adopted the descriptive approach to the study, and the scale consisting of two implicit scales was applied, the first which reveals the individual’s beliefs towards... Homosexuality and what one should feel, and the second is a measure which shows what one would actually feel in real situations and based on previous experiences. The statistical package was used to analyze the results, and the results revealed that university students have negative attitudes towards homosexuality, and on the basis of that The researcher came up with recommendations and proposals.