Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

This study was conducted at the Poultry farm / Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture/University of Al_Qasim Green. The field work of this study was performed during the period from 31/10/2016 until 5/12/2016 and then followed by the laboratory work. The project of this study was aimed to show the effect of β-Glucan on some qualitative characteristics in broiler chicken. 195 of chicks were used and educated in cages 1×1.5 m. Chicks were randomly divided into 5 treatments and by 3 replicates per treatment and each treatment was included 13 chicks. β-Glucan was used in concentration (0 , 40 , 80 , 120 , 160) gm/100kg diet for treatments (T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 , T5) respectively from age 1_35 days. The most important results of this study could be summarized by the following:
1) High significant superiority (P<0.01) in dressing percentage for the sacrifices of T4 and T5 treatments and significant superiority (P<0.05) in breast piece weight in comparison with other β-Glucan and T1 control treatment at age of 35 days, while T5 had gave the best results generally about thigh piece weight.
2) Significant superiority (P<0.05) in the weight of birds liver for β-Glucan treatment compared with T1 control treatment birds.

The concepts of the process of analysis of external spaces and knowledge of the requirements of the requirements of the serious orientation towards creating a more attractive and meaningful environment in order to enhance the role of the human cultural culture of the University in building the civilized society. The study shows the analysis of data related to content built, natural and ground, In order to form effective university spaces. Therefore, clear indicators showed that the design criteria of most spaces and environmental needs are not considered and that they are free of complementary elements and that they are characterized by being inactive And most of them are characterized by salinity of the soil and poor quality of irrigation water and high level of water in the ground for free from the canoe and the absence of the system of irrigation schemes also found the lack of most of the space to the service and maintenance, making the plant element takes a wide range of plant species and the lack of A clear perception of the role and importance of the elements of coordination of the sites and their impact on the aesthetic and functional values and the absence of the length of the summer hot and dry and the intensity of radiation of the site in addition to the topographical determinants of the site surface and the parameters of the formal positioning of buildings.
Key word: Urban environment, landscape, campus

The aim of the research is to identify the services provided by the beekeepers specialized associations for beekeepers in Iraq in the following fields (extension, suppling, coordination, marketing, inducement of innovation), and to know satisfaction level of the beekeepers about the services provided by these associations, As well as to identify the problems faced by beekeepers.
The research included all the specialized associations of beekeepers, which were established five years ago and above, represented by five associations in Baghdad, Babylon, Diwaniyah, Najaf and Basrah. The data were collected by questionnaire and interview method from a random sample of 18% and 82 beekeepers Belong to the specialized associations of the research community consisting of 457 beekeepers. For the purposes of the research, a questionnaire was prepared, which included three parameters to measure the services provided , satisfaction respeetivty , and problem of beekeepers, consisting of 36,20 and 14, items.
The results showed a difference in the level of the services provided by the specialized associations of beekeepers in the five field identified as the extension services came first, then the coordination service followed by the service to inducement of innovation and then the suppling services which are described as weak to medium.the markting services came at last Which is described as weak. The research also found that 52.43% of beekeepers described their level of satisfaction as mean, with a satisfaction rate of 37.44 degrees on the scale ranged between 20 - 60 degrees.
Also the results of the research found that there are several problems faceing the beekeepers. The problem of not protecting the local product and increasing imported honey was one of the main problems faced by beekeepers with a weighted rate of 1.80 and a percentage weight of 90%.
The researcher recommends taking into consideration the existence of these specialized associations and considering them as a key partner in the achievement of agricultural development, especially in terms of providing services, and working to organize farmers in specialized associations, which facilitates communication with them and to identify their problems and needs to establish and disseminate the concept of cooperative work among farmers. And to develop appropriate solutions to the problems faced by beekeepers, especially those related to the protection of the local product and reduce the imported honey or the provision of control and strict quality control.

Keyword : specialized associations , beekeepers, extension, supplying , marketing , innovation

The Experiment was conducted in the lath house of during spring season 2016 to study the effect of IBA with five concentration (0, 500 , 1000, 1500, 2000 mg. L-1) and bio vaccine (Mycorrhiza fungi 20gm and Azosprillium brasilense bacteria 20mL) and its interaction on rooting and growth of fig cuttings some characteristics , using C.R.D. design with three replicates .The results indicated that the IBA(2000 mg.L-1 ) treatments increased percentage of the cuttings rooting (95.89) as compared with control (20.34 ( and improved the roots and vegetative growth characteristics (root length, length and diameter of shoot , leaves number , leaves area, Total chlorophyll in leaves ,IAA and GA3. (IBA 2000 mg L-1 +mixture Bio-inculator) increased the roots , vegetative and chemical growth characteristics in fig cuttings
Key words: Fig , cuttings , IBA, bio - inculator .

A field experiment was carried out in one of the farms in Babylon distract Abi Garaq in loamy soil texture , to study the effect of organic fertilizer application ( poultry wastes) and foliar application of humic and folvic acid and interaction between them on the growth and yield of Potato .This experiment included three levels of organic fertilizer ( poultry wastes ) at 0 , 5 , 10 Ton.ha.-1 , First factors named F0 , F1 , F2 respectively. The second factors was foliar application of organic acids ( humic and folvic acid ) named as S0 , S1 , S2 at 0 , 5 , 10 ml.L-1 respectively. a total of nine treatment in three application of a total experimental units of 27 . The experiment was carried out under RCBD , Potato tubers class Burren were planted on 16 / 1 / 2017 .At maturity , plant heights , main stem , leaf area, total chlorophyll and dry weight of shoots were measured. Data was statistically analyzed and means were compared according to least signification different test at 0.05 level of probability . Result show :- Organic fertilization ( poultry wastes ) F2 was superiority as compared to F1 and F0 in plant heights 40.28 cm main stem branches 3.53 stem plant-1 leaf area 5435 cm2 , leaf content of chlorophyll 55.25 spad unit , dry weight of shoots 3.64Mg ha-1, Foliar application of organic acid ( humic and folivc ) have shown superiority in studied porameters of S2 treatment when compared to S1, S0 treatment where it caused a significant increase in plant hights , main stem number , leaf chlorophyll content , dry shoot weight, at the highest values of means was 41.7cm , 3.67 stem plant-1 , 6142 cm2 , 56.54 spad unit , 4.41 Mgm.ha-1 of each respectively ,F2S2 interaction treatment has given the highest values of studies parameter where they were 48.33 cm plant height , 4.1stem plant-1 ,6518 cm2 leaf area , 62.19 spad unit total chlorophyll content and 4.73 Mg ha-1 total dry weight of shoots.
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*Part of M. sc. thesis of secondary author.

Afield experiment was conducted during the autumn season of 2016 in the experimental field of the Department of horticulture and landscaping in the college of Agriculture – University of Diyala , The study included three factors :- two levels shading (0%,50%)by using green saran nets for 42 day and four concentrations of salicylic acid (0,50,100,150 mg.L-1 ) and two varieties of potatoes (Burren and Arizona). The experiment included 16 treatment for using the split – split plots Design system was applied according to the design of the random complete block design R.C.B.D and three replicates. The results showed superiority of plants shaded by 50% in the properties of leaf content of chlorophyll , the number of aerodynamic shins , the number of leaves , plant height and leaf area and reduce the content leaves of proline as it reached (36.34 SPAD,3.42 stem.plant-1, 73.97cm, 253.16 ds2.plant-1, 1.509 mg.g-1) respectively.The plants with salicylic acid treatments showed superiority in all concentration specially the 100 mg.L-1 concentration showed the best results for the previous properties as it reached (40.58 SPAD,3.80 stem.plant-1, 73.03cm, 278.90 ds2.plant-1and 1.376 mg.g-1)respectivly.Arizona plant showed superiority in the properties menttuned above as it reached (36.15 SPAD,3.20 stem.plant-1, 68.83cm, 245.02 ds2.plant-1, 1.545 mg.g-1) respectivly.
Keyword:- Potato, Shading, Salicylic acid, Varietie, Heat stress, Salinity stress.

The study was carried out in the vegetable field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design / Faculty of Agriculture / Al-Qasim Green University in the agricultural season of 2016-2017 to study the effect of soil mulching treatments (no mulch, black plastic mulch, and transparent plastic), and two level of organic fertilizer palm residues (10 and 20 ton.ha-1) and chemical fertilizer (control) on vegetative, growth and yield of lettuce, and thus included the experiment was carried out in the field with split plots within RCBD, where the mulch treatments were distributed in the main plots and fertilizers treatments were distributed in sub-plots with three replicates. After the data were recorded and analyzed statistically according to the Duncan Mutable Rangiest with the probability level of 0.05 The result showed that soil mulching using the two types (black and transparent plastic) were superlour in plant length, leafe area, head diameter, the total head weight , the total and marketing of the heads yields compared to the treatments ,(covering with black plastic and without mulching) No significant effect was found between the added fertilizers in all the vegetative and yield traits mentioned above .
Keywords:- Lettuce ,Mulching , Organic Fertilizers
*Part of M.SC. Thesis for the first author

This study aims to identify attitudes of greenhouse growers in wasit Province towards a relation between their attitudes towards the practice of eco-friendly farming methods and each of the following factors: age, educational level, Experience, land tenure, number of greenhouses, as well as to identify the reality and impediments to the practice of eco-friendly farming methods., In addition, it determines real situation and obstacles which are facing this attitude. This study has conducted at different places in wasit province about 13 agricultural sections through 186 growers. A sample was randomly selected by 50% and 94 growers were greenhouse owners. The results reveal that highest rate of the growers under the study is neutral attitude with rate about %69 and attitude average may be estimated 62.95.The less rate is %14 for weakness attitudes. It is noticeable that there is linking relation morally between green house grower's attitudes for practice agricultural methods which is Agricultural methods of environmentally friendly and the factors such as their education level, tenure of land, and area of land exploited, but it hasn't observed linking morally with: age, experience, and number of greenhouse. The results of this study reveal that most of farmers under the study are practicing solar sterilization for soil. The growers under the study are caring with instructions of agricultural sector. The obstacle challenges those farmers is biological control. According to farmers' answers, the biological control is rare and it isn't available in the local market. as well as the training courses of Less in that enable farmers to understand the mechanism of the use of biological control as one of the methods of agro-friendly environment.

Keywords: Growers Attitudes, Agricultural methods of environmentally friendly, Greenhouses

This study was carried out in the cold storage room private in Department of Horticulture / Faculty of Agricultural Sciences / University of Sulaimania during the season 2017 to investigate the effect of some plant extracts on some of the traits of peach fruits cv. Dixie red, fruits were harvested manually at maturation stage (20/6/2017). The fruits were divided into four groups: the first group was immersed in the okra fruits extract with concentrations of (300, 600 and 900 g.L-1 distilled water), the second group was immersed in the pomegranate fruits peel extract with concentrations of (3, 6 and 9 g.L-1 distilled water), the third group was immersed in the thyme leaves extract with concentrates of (3, 6 and 9 g.L-1 distilled water), the fourth group was immersed in the rosemary extract with concentrations of (3, 6 and 9 g.L-1 distilled water), and the fruits of control treatment were immersed in distilled water only for 10 minutes. Fruits of all treatments were stored for 1 month in the refrigerated room at 5±1 °C and relative humidity of 85-90%. The study was performed by using Completely Randomize Design (CRD). The results of this study showed that most treatments treated with plant extracts resulted in a significantly reduced percentage of weight loss, total sugars content, and anthocyanin content compared to control treatment. At the same time, the hardness of fruits and titratable acidity (TA), and the carotene content of juice increased significantly in most treatments treated with plant extracts.
Keywords: peach, plant extracts, cold storage.

An experiment was conducted in the plastic house in the research of the College of Agriculture/University of Kirkuk during growing season of 2015- 2016 to study the effect of potassium fertilizer and sowing dates on growth and yield of cucumber plant grown in plastic house .The experiment included 12 treatments which were the interactions between three sowing dates ( 1/9 , 15/9, and 1/10/2015) and four levels of potassium fertilizer (0 ,100 , 200 , and 300 kg fertilizer /ha) this experiment was adopted in a split-plot layout within Randomized Complete Block Design (R C B D) With three replications . Means were compared based on Duncan's at Miltiple Range test 5% .Results showed that the second sowing date (16 Sept ) gave the highest significantly results over the other two sowing dates ( 1 Sept and 1 Oct ) in parameter of ( plant height , number of leaves , vegetative total dry weight , number of fruits per plant , weight of fruit , yield per plant, and total yield of plastic hou se ) and attain (138.80 cm , 26.62 leaf. plant-1 , 85.54 g. plant-1 , 15.81 fruit. plant-1 ,86.38 g. fruit-1 ,1.37 kg. plant-1, and 1.40 Ton. plastic house-1 ) Respectively .
Results also showed that potassium fertilizer had a significant effect on the studied parameters with ( 200 Kg K2SO4/ha) as gave the highest values of ( plant height , number of leaves , vegetative total dry weight , number of fruits per plant , weight of fruit , yield per plant, and total yield of plastic house ) to 135.20 cm ,22.75 leaf plant-1 , 87.14 g plant-1 ,14.54 fruit plant-1, 81.89 g fruit-1 , 1.19 kg plant-1, and 1.22 Ton plastic house-1 Respectively) .
key words : potassium - cucumber - plastic house

An experiment was carried out under plastic house of the Dept.of Horticulture- Agric. Coll.- Uni. Baghdad durin the fall season of 2016, to investigate the integrated fertilization effect on the productivity four eggplant verities, 24 research treatment was adopted in split plot within Random Complete Block Design(RCBD), Bead Alagel (W), Black Beauty (B), Long Red (R) and Yashel (G) local verities were adopted as main factors while Fertilizer treatment (sub factor)were: as control (0%orgnic-bio+0%mineral)T1, (0%orgnic-bio+100%mineral)T2, (25%orgnicbio+75%mineral)T3, (50%orgnic-bio+50%mineral)T4, (75%orgnic-bio+25%mineral)T5,(100%orgnic-bio+0%mineral)T6, NPK mineral fertilizer and Biohealth as organic –Bio fertilizer were used, The results showed the superiority of calf eggs yielding the highest number of leaves, paper area, total plant yield, and total alkaloids, and the highest yield of total phenols. The fertilization treatment (75%bio-organic+25%)exceeded the highest number of leaves and total phenols, The treatment of fertilization(organic+100%+100%mineral) increased the paper area, total yield and total alkaloids. The treatment of fertilization (75%organic+bio+25%)for Black Beauty was superior in the total phenols rate, The fertilization treatment(75%organic+bio+25%)exceeded the highest leaf area, fertilization (75% organic +bio+25%)for Long Red gave the highest number of leaves, while the fertilization treatment (0%organic+bio+100%)for calf eggs increased total alkaloids and total yield._

_ Key Words:Bioheath,Yield, Eggplant verities
* Part of M.Sc.thesis of first author

The study was conducted in Horticulture and Forest Unit at Al-Najaf Agriculture directorate during growing season 2016-2017, to study the effect of adding some Bio and Organic fertilizer on growth, yield and some quality parameters of strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa Duch) cultivated in plastic house.
Factorial experiment using Randomized complete Block design ( R. C. B. D) with three replicates were used. The first factor included two varity of strawberry: Albion and Burtela. The second factor was adding seven treatments of Bio and organic fertilizer including: without adding fertilizer (control), adding Azotobecter chroocum at 10 g. plant-1 concentration, adding of Bacillus subitls at 10 ml. plant-1, spraying of organic fertilizer Appetizer at 1 ml. plant -1 concentration, adding of Azotobecter+ Bacillus, adding Azotobecter+ spraying of Appetizer, and adding of Azotobecter+ Bacillus with spraying of Appetizer.The Duncans multiples range test at 0.05 probabilities was adopted to compare the treatments means.
The Albion Variety showed significantly increased in plant height to 11.77 cm, leaf area to 70.57 cm2. and dry matter to 7.58 gm. Plant-1 . The type of fertilizer showed a significant increase in vegetative with adding Azotobecter+ Bacillus+ Appetizer sprayed such as plant height to 15.33 cm, total chlorophyll pigment content to 64.50 mg. 100g fresh weight-1, vegetative dry matter to 9.60 gm.plant-1.while the Burtela cultivar showed significantly increase in ascorbic acid content to 33.73 mg.100gm fresh weight-1. The fertilizer of Azotobecter+ Bacillus+ Appetizer sprayed significantly increased anthocyanin pigment to 47.58 mg.100gm fresh weight . The interaction between each treatments of the experiment had significantly affected all parameters of the study.
Key words: Fragaria ananassa , Azotobacter , Bacillus ,sea weeds extract.

The experiment was included evaluation of five F1-hybrids cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) derived from different sources which were ( Raiane , Karol , Sayff , Karima and Baraka) , and to estimate the genetic & phenotypic variations , heritability and the expected genetic advance for yield and its components in unheated a plastic house at Horticulture and Landscape Dept. College of Agric.& Forestry/Mosul Univ. during the spring growing season of 2014 , under the effect of some agriculture treatments , were subjected under the effect of harvesting fruits in two periods (two days or three days) by using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates. The analysis results exhibited significant differences between the hybrids for plant height , dry matter % in leaves , leaf area , no. of days for 1st. flower appearance, average fruit length under the effect of harvesting fruits in each (two days) periods, and for plant height , leaf area , chlorophyll % in leaves , no. of days for1st. flower appearance, average no. of fruits , average fruit weight and length , one plant yield and total yield under the effect of harvesting fruits in each (three days) periods. Baraka hybrid was highly superior for total yield under the effect of harvesting fruits in both periods (7.097 and 8.298 tan/plastic house) respectively compare to other hybrids. There was a high phenotypic , genetic and environmental variation for plant height , leaf area , chlorophyll % in leaves , average no. of fruits , average fruit weight , one plant yield and early yield under the effect of harvesting fruits in both periods. Heritability percentage in broad sense was high for plant height , no. of days for1st. flower appearance and fruit length under the effect of harvesting fruits in two days periods, and for plant height , no. of days for1st. flower appearance, no. of fruits , average fruit weight and length , one plant yield and total yield under the effect of harvesting fruits in three days periods , which it means that most of the phenotypic variation between hybrids was due to genetic variations. Expected genetic advance was high for leaf area under the effect of harvesting fruits in two days periods , and for leaf area , one plant yield and total yield under the effect of harvesting fruits in three days periods which indicates the importance of selection for improving these characters..
Key words: VARIATION,HERITABILITY,GENETIC ADVANCE, CUCUMBER.

The experiment was included evaluation of five cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) F1-hybrids derived from different sources which were ( Raiane , Karol , Sayff , Karima and Baraka) , and to estimate the genetic & phenotypic variations , heritability and the expected genetic improvement for yield and its components in unheated a plastic house at Horticulture and Landscape Dept. College of Agric.& Forestry/Mosul Univ. during the spring growing season of 2014 , under the effect of some agriculture treatment which were two treatment (fertilization with humic acid at conc.6gm/l + harvesting each 2 days) and (fertilization with humic acid at conc.6gm/l + harvesting each 3 days) by using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates. The results exhibited significant differences between the hybrids for (plant height , no. of main branches/plant , dry matter % in leaves , chlorophyll % in leaves , no. of days for of 1st. flower appearance , date of the 1st. harvesting , average no. of fruits/plant , average fruit length and diameter , one plant yield , early and total yield) under the effect of the 1st. treatment , and for plant height , no. of main branches/plant , dry matter % in leaves , chlorophyll % in leaves , no. of days for 1st. flower appearance , date of the 1st. harvesting , average no. of fruits/plant , average fruit weight and length , one plant yield , early and total yield under the effect of the 2nd. Treatment. Baraka hybrid was significantly superior compared to other hybrids for highly total yield under the effect of two treatment (9.748 and 10.146 tan/plastic house) respectively. There was a high phenotypic , genetic and environmental variation for plant height , leaf area , chlorophyll % in leaves , average no. of fruits/plant , average fruit weight , one plant yield and early yield under the effect of two treatment. Heritability percentage in broad sense for most studied characters under the effect of two treatment was high , which it means that most of the phenotypic variation between hybrids was due to genetic variations. High Expected genetic improvement for early yield under the effect of the 1st. treatment was high , and also for chlorophyll % in leaves , one plant yiel , early and total yield under the effect of the 2nd. Treatment , which indicates the importance of selection for improving these characters.
Key words: VARIATION , GENETIC IMPROVMENT , HUMIC ACID , CUCUMBER.

The experiments of current study were carried out in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Department of Plant Production Techniques, Al-MusiabTechnical College, Al- Furat Al-Awsat Technical University and the laboratories of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals/Ibn Al-Bitar Center during 2016-2017 to study the effect of cholesterol on the growth of callus induced from internodes of Thevetia neriifolia Juss. and estimate the secondary metabolites in it. A 350 mg of callus was transferred to fresh MS medium supplemented with the optimum combination of 1.0mg/L 2,4-D+0.3mg/L Kin with different concentrations of cholesterol (0.0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L). The callus cultures were incubated in growth room under optimum conditions of temperature and light for three weeks. Results showed that the concentrations of cholesterol caused a significant decreasing in fresh weight and diameter of callus, whereas the dry weight and relative growth rate of callus in the cholesterol concentrations did not differ from the control. The extraction process of secondary metabolites from callus grown on medium with or without concentrations of cholesterol was done using hexane procedure, and then they were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed a clear difference in the secondary metabolites percentages in the tested samples. The analysis showed the abundance of some secondary metabolites such as vitamin E, beta-sitosterol, alpha-Amyrin, beta-Amyrin, Nonacosan and Eicosan in most of the studied treatments.
Key Words:- Cholesterol, Thevetia neriifolia, callus, Kinetine, 2,4-D.

Eight districts were selected in the areas of the Middle Euphates in Babylon , Najaf , Karbala and Qadisiya in the area ,which is located between two.Four of which are cultivated soils and four of these non-cultivated pedons to study,the diagnose and characterize the exact morphological characteristics of these areas, to revealed morphological descriptions of pedons and obtained soil samples not agitated for the study of accurate morphological characteristics.
The result of the micromorphological characteristics showed avariation in the composition and classification of the soil , reflecting the nature of the prevailing environmental conditions in the these areas , the results showed that there was a difference in the type and thickness of the genetic horizons of the study pepth and the surface of the Ochric surface horizon.
The micromorphological characteristics showed a clear variation in the type of fine construction type shape and size of the pores between the horoizons of the single pedon or between the geometrical region, it is noted that there is a micro structure of the type of complex and granulated grains, as well as the structure of the weak granular and the spherical and the mass angular, as well as the existence of structure of the unstructured type.
The results of the thin section showed the existence of a decade of lime and gypsum clusters and forms of spindle , spherical , small and large , some of them pores fillen, as well as the presence of concentrations of iron oxdes and organic material which appeared in light and dark colors.
The soil of the study was classified into two order: the modern classification Entisol and the Fluvent and the great Typic Torrifluvent, as well as the Aridisol arid zone ,the Salic , Calcic and Gypsic gain was classified under Gypsid, Salid, Calcid, Haplosalid, Typic Haplocalcid, Typic Haplogypsid it has been classified to the level of series by classification, [5] as the series were as follows: DW34, DW22, DM125,TW1135,TW1143,MM12.

Increasing soil salinity with the addition of Topic herbicide caused a decrease in the growth of living organisms especially the beneficial ones, and caused a defect in the ecosystem balance and life cycle of microorganisms in the soil. Therefore, this study was carried out to detect the effect of soil salinity and topic herbicide on the population of nitrifying bacteria and the activity of nitrification process in three different soil textures (clay, sandy loam, loam ).The soils were fertilized by urea and treated with four concentrations of topic herbicide (0 ,50 ,75 and 100 % of recommended dose) within three levels of soil salinity 4, 8 and 16 ds m-1. Completely randomized design was used in laboratory experiment with three replicates and soils incubated at 30 ± 2 °C for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days. At the end of each incubation counting of nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter) and nitrate concentrations for each soil were estimated .
The results showed that the addition of different topik concentrations reduced the populations of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, bacteria and clay soil recorded highest counting of nitrify bacteria compared with the other soils. the populations of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter bacteria were 36.48 and 31.16 x 103 cell.g-1 soil at clay soil without pesticide addition respectively, whereas the populations were decreased when the soil was treated with topic pesticide . However, the increased concentrations of the pesticide led to accumulation of nitrates during incubation periods during the three days incubation period and gradually decreased the concentration of nitrates during the interval incubation. The results showed a significant decrease in the number of nitrifying bacteria due to the addition of topic herbicide and its interaction with salinity and soil texture . key words = soil salinity ,topic herbicide, nitrifying bacteria .

This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effectiveness of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) in inhibiting the growth of some pathogenic microorganisms which include:- Staphylococcus aureus , coryenobacterium, Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Ethanol content of propolis was 1:3 propolis: ethanol. its constancy is sticky with a dark green color and has a distinctive smell . The results of the preliminary chemical analysis in this study revealed the propolis contain flavonoids, carbohydrates, trapezoides and phenols, and its absence from alkaloids, glycosides and comarins. (10) gradient concentrations of the ethanolic extract of Proopolis were prepared and tested against the growth of microorganisms by diffusion method. The Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive to the concentrations of the different digestion followed by the coryenobacterium. While The Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were less effective. These results showed that the ethanolic extract of Propolis had an antimicrobial effect, especially Gram positive, and less effective in the growth of Gram negative bacteria. The study also examined the changes in some antioxidants to determine the oxidative stress resulting from germ growth. The study concluded that there is a decrease in the level of antioxidants, which indicates that the bacteria have an effect on the living tissue and the extract of the propolis have positive effect due to its role as antioxidant.
Keywords: Propolis, Inhibiting Bacterial Growth, Antioxidants , Rabbits

The aim of present study is to analyze the milk component by using milk analysis to discover the genotype of DGAT1 gene for the samples, this gene is one of genes are responsible for fat percentage in milk. The blood samples and milk samples were collected from same samples. 40 samples from Frisian crossbred cattle with local Babylonian cattle breeds were used in the present study, between October 2016 to May 2017 by using RFLP-PCR. The milk samples were analyzed for each sample at Public health lab/ college of Veterinary Medicine/ Al-Qasim Green University. DNA samples were extracted from blood. The results indicated the precense of three genotypes of DGAT1 gene, namely KK, KA and AA. KK genotype were present with all samples have high percentage of fat in their milk while AA genotype were present with less percentage of fat in their milk.
Key Word: Friesian Crossbred, DNA, DGAT1, RFLP-PCR.

This study conducted in the poultry fields of animal production, deparntment Agriculture College, University of Tikrit from 15/2/2014 to 22/3/2014. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of adding probiotic to dietary in some productive performance and carcass cut up of broilers.225 broiler chicks(Ross308) btrain were used in the experiment, reared together from the first day to 2 weeks then divided in to three groups (treatments), group include(75bird), three replicates per treatment. The first treatment (T1) considered control treatment (without any supplementation). The second treatment (T2) use 1 gram(probiotic/Kg) of feed. The third treatment (T3) use 2 gram (probiotic/Kg) of feed. The data of birds weights and feed consumption were recorded weekly and the study continuo up to 5th week of The bird age. The study showed Significant increase (P≤0.05) in second and third treatments in compared with control treatments in live body weight at 4 and 5 weeks of age and the total weight gain during the period (3-5 weeks), as well as Significant improve (P≤0.05) in feed efficiency at 3th weeks of age and during the period (3-5weeks of age). Also don’t showed any Significant differ among treatments trait feed consumption and cut up parts of carcass.
Key Words: Broiler, Probiotic, Productive performance and carcass cut up.

The object of this research which it’s the first study of its kind is to produce a designer eggs through the use of different levels of two types of industrial flavors in the diet is vanilla and orange flavors as (powder) Spanish origin usad added improve the sensory qualities of produced eggs from Japanese quail birds. The females of the Japanese quail were reared at 30 days old. Animals were divided into five groups with two replicates for each treatment groups, First: control group (without addition), Second: add 1% of vanillas flavor, Third: Add %0.5 of vanillas flavor, Fourth: add 1% of oranges flavor, Fifth: Add 0.5% of oranges flavor. The results of the physical and senses evaluation showed no significant differences between all treatments groups in the first and second periods. In the third period , there were significant differences(P<0.01) for flavor characteristic ,where the second and fourth treatment groups exceeded all remaining treatments groups. In the fourth period of study, The results showed no significant differences between all the treatments for the appearance and general acceptance except for the flavor characteristics where there was a change in the flavor and color of the yolk. In the fifth and final period there was a significant difference (P <0.01) for general acceptance and flavor. The second group showed the best evaluation among all other groups for the feature of general acceptance, moreover, the second and fourth group exceeded all other groups for the flavor characteristic that coincided with appearance a positive change in flavor that distinguished clearly and very well where some evaluators pointed to the type of flavor in eggs according to its group. We concluded the possibility of producing table eggs from Japanese quail birds, vanilla or orange flavored, by adding 1% or 0.5% of the commercial food flavor to the bird diet..

Keywords: DESIGNER EGGS ,SENSORY EVALUATION, FLAVOR EGGS, JAPANESE QUAIL.

The aim of the present study is to know during the level of estrogen and progesterone the late- pregnancy phase (14, 16, 18) Week , and some blood parameters in Awassi sheep. Five ml of blood was collocted and put 2 ml for the measuring of blood values and 3 ml of seram taken for measuring progesterone and estrogen hormonal level for measuring biochemical values of blood. The results were as the follwing a significant increase (P <0.01) in progesterone at 14 week of pregnanat compared with other weeks which have adicrease in it . As for estrogen, there was a significant cant increase (P <0.01) at 18 week compared with other weeks. Red blood cells was found significantly increased (P <0.01) at 16 week compared with other weeks. Packed Cell volume was found to be significantly increased (P <0.01) compared to other weeks. A significant dicrease (P <0.01) was found for hemoglobin at 18 week compared with other weeks. Blood glucose concentration was significantly increased (P <0.01) at 14 week compared with other weeks. Blood cholesterol concentration Was significantly increased ( P <0.01) at 18 week compared to other weeks. Total blood protein concentration was significantly increased ( P <0.01) at 18 week compared to other weeks.

Chickens are classified as Class: Aves, Order: Galliformes, family: Phasianidae, genus: Gallus or bush species, which is distinguished from the rest of the family by the comb and its associates wattles. There are six indices that have been identified in chicken or fowl in Southeast Asia representing the typical traits which depend on the skin and its derivatives in the selection of both red chicken and hybrids with local chickens. The study included 83 adult birds as (26 males and 57 females) distributed in different areas within Babylon Province for a period of seven months from (15-Oct. 2016) to (1-May 2017). The surveyed area included nine major sites extending within geographical coordinates: 32 ° 21'- 32 ° 48 'N and 44 ° 18' - 44 ° 42 'E. Morphometric traits, included quantitative biometrics: metric and meristic characters. All birds were examined for different phenotypes, including feather distribution, presence or loss of some structures, shapes, and colors. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and multivariate analyses. The results of the hierarchical cluster statistical analysis showed three groups (clusters), homogeneous and separate from each other. The first group, consisting of (43 adult birds), with the following qualitative characteristics: Comb color: red and light red. Comb shape: single and pea, tarsus color: white, yellow, green, gray and black, eye color: yellow, brown, and orange, color of earlobe: red and white, and skin color: colored and non-colored. The second group consisted of 33 adult birds, which showed characters similar to most of the first group. However, they were unique in two characteristics: the color of tarsus, showing only gray and yellow, and with skin not colored. The third group consists of seven birds, characterized by yellow tarsus, the feathers of the neck is present in all members of the group, tarsus featherless, and skin in all individuals uncolored. The wide variation in the phenotypic characteristics of local chickens may be due to several factors, mainly the variability in the management of the living of birds under study and the effect of free breeding between breeds as well as the multiplicity of sources of nutrition.
Keywords: Local chickens, jungle fowl, morphometric traits, Babylon.

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Animal Production Dept., College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, during the period from 31/10/2016 to 12/12/2016 Study effect of adding two levels of turmeric powder and cloves to the broiler chicken on the production performance. By using 225 one-day-old broiler chickens of Ross-308 breed were randomly distributed on 15 cages. Each cage was 1.5 x 1 m2 with 5 experimental treatments 45 birds per treatment. Each treatment included 3 replicates, 15 birds per replication. T1 (Control), T2 (0.4% turmeric), T3 (0.6% turmeric ), T4 (0.4% cloves), T5 (0.6% cloves). The results revealed (T3 and T5) treatments significantly superiority (P< 0.01) on treatments (T1,T2 and T4) in the mean weight of the living bird , and (T3 and T5) treatments significantly superiority (P< 0.01) on treatments (T1,T2 and T4) in the total weight gain , and significantly superiority (P< 0.01) (T3 and T5) treatments on treatments (T2 and T4) in the total feed consumption , (T3 and T5) treatments significantly superiority (P< 0.01) on treatments (T1,T2 and T4) in the feed conversion efficiency , The control birds (T1) significantly superiority (P< 0.01) in the percentage of total mortality on birds (T5) .
Key Word: turmeric, cloves , Productive Performance , Broiler Chickens

A study carried out in Poultry farm, department of Animal production, Agriculture College-Tikrit University from 11/3 to 6/5 2014 (8 weeks). 180 laying hens used with (27 weeks of age) ISA Brown were divided to three groups each group divided with three replication (every replicate contained 20 birds). The first group was fed on ration without supplementation (T1) , but the second (T2) and third (T3) groups were fed on ration contained (250 and 500 mg Phytase /kg feed) respectively. The results showed significant (P<0.05) improve in Hen Day of eggs production (H.D%), cumulative eggs production, egg mass, feed efficiency, albumen height , albumen % and albumen index Haugh unit , for T2 and T3 compared with (T1) also significant improve (P<0.05) in shell egg thickness for T3 compared with T1 and T2 . T3 was lower significant in yolk% compared with T1 and T2 . Then there are no significant differ among treatments in eggs weight mean, egg shape index, shell%, albumin diameter,yolk height, yolk diameter and yolk index.
Key Words: laying hens, Phytase enzyme, Productive performance and Eggs qualities traits.

The current study aimed to determine the effect of lactoferrin use on the physiochemical , rheological and sensory properties of the functional yogurt by supporting whole-bovine milk with different concentrations 5, 10 and 20 mg / L of lactoferrin which were represented as Y1, Y2 and Y3 respectively , beside control treatment C , In which yogurt was made from whole-fat milk without addition of lactoferrin , Chemical tests were carried out determination percentage of moisture , protein , fat , carbohydrates , ash and NPN , Acid Degree Value ADV and Peroxide Number P.N and Physical tests were included total acidity , pH and Rheological tests involved water holding capacity and spontaneous whey separation , In addition to sensory evaluation after manufacturing and within Storage period at 5 ∓ 1 ° C for 14 days .The results showed that the treatment were retained LF with moisture content approximate to moisture content for control treatment during the early days of storage. A slight decrease in their values was observed for all treatments by the duration of storage. The percentage of protein has risen slightly in treatments of LF added after manufacturing because LF is a proteinous nature shares in high protein content. As the storage period progressed, the protein ratio increased. The fat ratio was close in all treatments after manufacturing and then increased within storage period. For the proportion of carbohydrates high carbohydrate content is observed in LF treatments. LF is a carbohydrate protein shares raised the proportion of carbohydrate content. It is also noted that there are no differences in the percentage of ash after manufacturing and increase in the duration of storage. Also got yogurt with LF added on the lowest NPN values during the comparative storage period with control treatment. Also marked by coefficients yogurt added LF with the lowest values of ADV and PN during the storage period. The LF parameters were characterized by improved sensory properties , rheological properties, viscosity, spontaneous whey separation and water holding capacity .
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Keywords: yogurt, lactoferrin, rheological properties .

This study aimed to isolated Rhodotorula mucilaginousa which produce carotenoides and identified by molecular identification method . 20 Isolates of yeast were obtaind from different sources, These isolates were subjected to quantitave screening to selection the most efficient isolates in carotenoids production , Z1 isolate was select for the present study. This isolate was subject to molecular identification, This isolate was almost genetically identical 86% with Rhodotorula mucilaginousa ID: KU609508.1 .
Keyword: Carotenoids, Rhodotorula, isolated, molecular identification

Madkoka is one of Iraqi famous homemade sweets , basically made from Zahdi dates and sesame, 9 points hedonic scale was used to determination best ratio for roasted sesame and inulin , which were found 5% sesame and 4% inulin. Probiotics starter culture 1 & 5% of Lactobacillus rahmnosus GG & Lactobacillus plantarum were added separately to the blend, probiotics Madkoka were molded in specific shapes " one bite " , and storage in refrigerator temperature. The results of all the treatments of probiotics Madkoka with and without inulin shown decreased in mold and yeasts during 6 months of storage comparing with the control treatment which shown increased for the same period. Total probiotics bacterial counts for all the treatments of probiotics Madkoka were decreased around 0.5 log cycle cfu / month , but these numbers where higher than the minimum of scientific scale for probiotics products 107 cfu / gm or ml after 6 months, which gave promising outlook for this unique sweets comparing with other probiotics dairy products which have short shelf life period. Also the sensory evaluation results shown the acceptability for all the treatments of probiotics Madkoka specially with inulin, and keep high quality in appearance , color , taste, texture and flavor comparing with the control .This simple delicious cheap synbiotic healthy product can be easily manufacture in mass production.
Keywords: probiotic , Zahdi dates , therapeutic candy