Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

Rotavirus is the main reason of acute gastroenteritis infections in children worldwide, it spread so fast and strong from the body to different sours of water in the environment which it will be hazard to human health ,and that might be return to virus stability duing water treatment.4 liter of pupms water, tanks water and tab wate were tested for rotavirus: 30% for the sources have positive results in all samples ,where 7% of pupms water ,10% of tanks water, and 13% of tab water contained rotavirus.

The study Carried out in the Azizya district eastern part of Iraq , in northern of Wasit Province located between latitude 32°36'14.50"N to33°13'56.99"N and longitude 44°52'01.65"E to 45°20'52.70"E . The main objective of this study of depth , salinity and Sodium adsorption ratio of shallow-Groundwater impact on salinity and sodium adsorption ratio of soil by using Ordinary Kriging and remote sensing data, through the application of Spherical Model predicted depths Ground water in the study area, it’s reaching an accurate representation of this model R^2=〖0.9177〗^(**) . And applying the Model exponential Exponential Model predicted salinity and sodium adsorption ratio of shallow-Groundwater in the study area, it’s reaching an accurate representation of this model R^2=〖0.8978〗^(**) and R^2=〖0.9998〗^(**) each ofproperties respectively. The diagnosis of salinity and the Sodium Adsorption Ratio in the soil have been using Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI) and vegetative Salinity Index (SI), as was predicted salinity and sodium adsorption ratio of the soil by multiple regression relationship amounted accuracy models resulting R^2=〖0.9600〗^(**) and R^2=〖0.9826〗^(**) for each of the salinity and sodium adsorption ratio in the soil, respectively.

A field experiment was conducted in spring and autumn season (2014) at farm of one farmer which located in Al-mihanawiyah area (21 Km north Babylon ) prurience 320.31 North and longitude 440.21 East in silty clay loam soil to know the effects of three plant density (44444 , 66666 , 133333 plant/h) and four planting methods on ( Row , Furowlng , Raised bed and Furowlng after row planting ) Coplet Randomize block design with three replicates was lay out in used as plot spilt arrangement . the plant density in a sub plot while the planting methods were in a main plots. growth and grain yield characteristics of Mays hybrid (Al-furat).the highest grain yield was obtained in Spring season (11.55 ton.h-1) compart with autumn season (10.92 ton/h) . the density (66666 plant/h) gave a highest grain yield (11.99 ton/h) in spring and (11.44 ton/h) in autumn . the furowlng after row planting method gave a highest grain yield (12.22 ton/h) in spring and (11.91 ton/h) in autumn . the furowlng after row planting method under density (44444 plant/h) gave a highest grain yield (12.13 ton/h) in spring while the same planting method gave a highest grain yield(12.25 ton/h) under (66666 plant/h) density in autumn .The furowlng after row planting method under density (133333 plant/h) gave a highest plant height (213.70 cm) in spring and (211.00 cm) in autumn , these treatment was a faster in evolution of leaf area The furowlng after row planting method gave a highest plant hight, relative growth rate , crop growth rate and these parameters reflected in increase the the number of ear grain for corn cop (747.59 grain/cob) in spring and (637.40 grain/ear) in autumn and 500 grains weight (182.47 gm) in spring and (205.41 gm) in autumn. .

This experiment was conducted in a private field in Al – Tohmazia village in Hilla – Babylon Provence during growing seasons of 2014-2015 to find out the influence of Mycorrhiza fungie (M ) (Glumus mosseae) in two levels ( 0 and 50 gm/tree ) , Spraying Putrescine ( P) ( 0, 200,300 ppm, and their interactions in growth and yield of 15 – years old local orange trees Factorial experiment in RCBD doign with three replicates was used in this study . Means were compared using LSD under 0.05 probability . Results can be summarized as follow :
Inclusion Mycorrhiza in treatments (M1 ) had a posative impact on all the vegetative trails under this study which resulted in higher means of leaf area , leaf chlorophyll content , leaf content of N . fruit weight , fruit size as well as fungie spores number in soil which gave (40.50cm2, 77.90 SPAD , 2.483 % 145.24 cm3 , 122.39 gm, 40.70 spore ) respectively, with significant different with control treatment (M0) which gave (26.41cm2, 60.12 SPAD, 2.013 %, 120.14 cm3, 113.71gm, 11.52 spore) respectively . Results indicated that the plant hormones treatments Putrescine at ( P2) was superior in most of the study fruits as leaf area , leaf chlorophyll content, leaf content of N , fruit size as well fungie spores number in soil which gave ( 38.28cm2 , 76.63 SPAD, 2.35% , 141.82cm3 ,32.17 spore) respectively compare to control treatment ( P0) which gave 25.77 cm2 , 61.29 SPAD , 2.101 % 121.00 cm3, 16.44 spore ) respectively . Treatment (P1) gave the highest rate of (fruit weight) which gave 120.43 gm compare with control treatment ( P0 ) which gave (114.11gm) .The interactions treatments between Mycorrhizae and Putrescine M1P1 gave significant effect in average leaf area and leaf nitrogen contain which equal to ( 46.29cm2 , 2.576% ) respectively compare with control treatment ( M0P0) which gave (20.75cm2, 1.876% ) respectively . M1P2 treatment cause increase in leaf chlorophyll contain , fruit weight , fruit size as well as spores fungie number which gave ( 83.51 unit SPAD , 152.95cm3, 123.92gm,50.33 spore ) compare with control treatment M0P0 which gave ( 49.93 unit SPAD , 106.61 cm3, 108.62 gm , 7.22 spore ) respectively .

This study was carried out at the biology science department/College of Education-girls/kufa university Genetic Laboratories during 2015. The objective was to investigate genetic diversity among six sunflower lines. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) based on PCR with 10 primers. Were used RAPD DNA markers were used to evaluate trends in genetic diversity among six of inbred line .All of the eleven RAPD primers produced 110 bands with average 11 bands for each primer. The number of amplified fragments produced per primer ranged from 8 for OPC-04 primer to 14 for OPA-17, primer with molecular size ranged from 123 to 1495 bp. The total number of polymorphic fragment and the percentage of polymorphism bands (50, 45.09 %) respectively. Maximum level of polymorphism was 63.64% 0bserved for the primer OPA-19 while Primer OPA-16 showed the lowest percentage of polymorphism reached 30% for OPA-19 and OPM-13 primers. Maximum level of primer efficiency for OPA-17 was 12.73% and were reached 14%. Based on the bivariate ( 1 - 0 ) data and genetic similarity with the use of UPGMA cluster method, the dendrogram separated the studied populations in to A and B. Cluster and secondary cluster analysis which compared between inbred lines in to dendrogram. Showed BK104 high genetic diversity was high genetic diversity between C and A . Genetic Distance that the highest estimate 0.74 was observed between line C , A . While, the lowest genetic Distance between inbred line I , E and Q , I (0.30, 0.32) respectively. Results indicated that RAPD markers were highly efficient in electing the genetic diversity among sunflower lines.
key words: RAPD, PCR, Homozygosity primers and Inbred lines.

Factorial field experiment was carried out during 2015 autumn season in a private farm located in Al-Hashemia (20 km south of Hilla city), to study the effect of phosphorus and potassium foliar fertilizer on vegetative growth Characteristics of maize. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used, which included four concentrations of potassium (K2O), control K0( spray only distilled water), K1, K2, and K3 (1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.l-1 respectively, and four concentrations of phosphorus (P2O5) , control P0 (spray only distilled water) , P1, P2 and P3 (1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.l-1 respectively. Maize seed (Buhooth 106) were seeded on ridges in 15/7/2015. Data were analyzed and the averages were compared according to less significant difference(LSD). The results showed that K2 (2000 mg K205.l-1) caused significant increasing in most vegetative growth traits ( plant height, ear height, leaf area, leaf area index). Spraying phosphorus concentration at 2000 mg P2O5.l-1 (P3) was superior by giving highest rate for most vegetative growth traits( plant height, ear height, leaf area, leaf area index). The interaction between the factors had a significant effect on plant height only.

The objective of this study is to determine the seasonality of birth and cyclic season in Arabian mares in Iraq depending on the database collected from Iraqi organization of Arabian horses registered in the International organization of Arabian Horses (UK), data of 410 Arabian horses were collected on this study.Results showed that the highest ratio of birth in the Arabian mares were in spring (55.3%) compared with the autumn, winter and summer, 18.2, 14.8 and 11.7% respectively. Results also showed the highest ratio of cyclic season in the Arabian mares were in spring (48.7%) compared with the summer, autumn and winter (23.6%, 13.9% ,13.6%) respectively ,while showed the highest birth rate (26.1%) in April and highest breeding month (26.1%) registered in May.
Key words: Arabian mares, breeding season, birth season, Iraq

This study was conducted in the animal from belanged to the college of Agriculture/University of Qadisiyah during the period from 18/11/2014 to 18/06/2015 using 57 goat kids divided in to four genetic groups (breed) the first group was (Afghan male × Afghan female) consists of 13 Billy gouts belonged to 9 female mother. The second group was (CY male × CY female) and consists of 12 Billy goats belonged to 8 female mother. Third group was (Local male × Local female) and consists of 16 Billy goats belonged to 9 female mother. Forth group was (Afghan male × Local female) and consists of 16 Billy goats belonged to 10 female mother. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of genetic group (breed) and some of non- genetic factors that represented by sex of the kids type of birth, mother age at birth In goat kids weight at birth and weaning, average increase of daily and total weight. Average goats kids weights at birth and weaning 3.28, 12.95 kg respectably , and the genetic group had highly sign. ficont (P <0.01), in these weights in Afghan group outperformed the rest groups at birth and weaning, The kids sex did not have significant effect in goat kids weight at birth but it had highly significant impact on the weight at weaning as the goats males outperformed on females on the group, as well as the type of birth had a highly significant effect in goat kids weight at birth and weaning by showing the superiority of the single goats group on twin while. The mother age did not have a significant effect on the goats weights, the overall average daily and total weight gain for goat kids from birth until weaning ware 107 g and 9.67 kg respectively. Genetic Group was significantly affected (P <0.01) in these characters, a the Afghan goats group showed significant superiority in the increase of daily and total weight compared with other groups, kid sex and type of birth had was highly significant impact high (P <0.01) in the average daily and total weight as showed suporioity of males goats group on the females and the individual on the twin. However, mother age had no significant effect on it.

This research was aimed to recognize the reality of government agricultural extension in the field of the farmer management for Maintaining Sustaining and Reclaimed lands in Babil province ,and defin the application level of farmers benefiteel from using and applying the recommended recent technology in the reclaimed lands ,such as (irrigation management , fertilization management and soil maintenance). The results revealed that all targeted farmers , who all stated that the highest description level for the extension activities was 33.84 degree. Accordingly , we refuse the assumption , which stated that there were a good quality of government extension services delivered during the past period and accept the alternative assumption stated that there are a poor government extension services delivered by the government in the field of reclaimed lands . The results also revealed that , the level of using and applying recommended recent technology in the field of managing , maintain, and sustaingahl reclaimed lands in Babil Province is generally low, while the level of application for new recommended recent technology to each topic of the management of reclaimed lands topics were as follws :- (Irrigation management was medium, fertilization management and soil maintenance were low.
The results also show that there were associative , insignificant , positive and poor relation shif of the government agricultural extension. In the light of the results and conclusions reached by the research , number of recommendations were presented to by pay more attention to educate and raise the awareness of farmers , who were benefited from the reclaimed lands through a series of specialized extension and training programs conducted by the extension apparatus on both levels the province and the center . The should be an integrated program to develop and improve the farmers ability to effectively manage their reclaimed lands , including best methods of using seeds , fertilizers and modern irrigation systems and applying and use of all recommendations and encouraging the farmers to use recent agricultural technologies .

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season (2014-2015) at one of the farmers field in Annana region / Hilla / Babil (Latitude N and Longitude East) The experiment was arranged with split plot in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Planting dates (D1, D2, D3) occupied the main plots, While, treatments of growth regulation (control (C0), clipping (C1), ethephon (C2), ethephon + clipping (C3)),occupied the sub plots. The result showed that Planting date in November 18(D3) had the superiority in grain yield amounted to 3.871 tons. ha-1 due to high values of grain yield components (i.e. number of spikes and the number of grain . spike-1 and weight of 1000 grain) which could be attributed to the increasing of the flag leaf area, dry leaf weight, spike length, compared with the Planting date in October 18 which gave (1.982 tons.ha-1) and the Planting date in November 3 when they gave the lowest values in all the aforesaid traits; however, both of them gave the highest hight of the plant . Application of ethephon (C3) caused a significant increase in grain yield (an average) of 3.774 tons. ha-1 compare to the control (3.435 tons.ha-1) due to its superiority in one of the main components (number spike.m-2) which amounted 328.25 spike.m-2. Application ethephon in November 18 gave highest grain yield.

This study was aimed to evaluate the affectivity ofchemicalfactorBION and biological factors of fungi (Beauveriabassiana,Trichodermaharzianum ) and singularly or collectively in reduce of plant tomato by diseasecalledfusarium wilt disease caused by Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici. Result of induce systemic resistance in tomato plant,that the B. bassiana showed increasing in phenoles reach 19.7 mg/g followed by T. harzianumwhen recording 17.9mg/g. Beauveriabassianaand Trichodermaharzianum together increas Peroxidase (PO) and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) enzymes amount, PO reached 29.9min/gfw and20.6 min/gfwrespectively,WhilPAL enzyme recored 28.5µg/hour/gfw and 22.7 cinnamicacid µg/hour/gfw respectively .Beauveriabassianaand Trichodermaharzianumshowedexcel in seeds treatments causing signficant reduction in infection percent ,disease severity ,disease index and disease coefficient , B. bassianarecor 9.3%, 0.5, 10.2% and 0.2 respectively,Trichodermaharzianumrecored 10.5%,0.6,12.2%and 0.2respectivty .This induceing resistance reflected positively on root volumfreash weight and dry weight of plant compeared with FOL treatment alone. BeauveriabassianaandTrichodermaharzianumsignificant increased in root volume at rate of 43.3cm3 and 40.7cm3 respectively ,recording 340g and 346g fresh weight of shootes, 34.6g,33.6g fresh weight of root respectively , these treatment record 110g and 97g shoot dry weight respectively and5.3 g 3.3g root dry weight respectively, compared with control treatment with fung.
*Part of M.Sc. thesis of the first auther.

This study was conducted to isolate and diagnose bacterial agents and studying the antibiotics sensitivity in gold fish (carassius auratus). 43 goldfish were tested from the fish market in Al-Kufa city . The results of macroscopic examination showed hemorrhagic skin lesion , brown to red spotted skin of a varying degree were found as well as observed darkens color and the presence of black color on the fin. Also, noted the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal (ascitis) with no damage to internal organs observed. Pseudomonas aruginosa was isolated and diagnosed from the skin and the fins, Biochemical tests were conducted to confirm the diagnosis. The antibiotic sensitivity was tested by using seven antibiotics clindamycin (2 mg), ceftriaxone (30 mg), amikacin (30 mg), Sevbaudoxim (10 mg), ampicillin (10 mg), cefotaxime (30 mg), and gentamicin (10 mg)). The results of the sensitivity test were showed that amikacin, clindamycin and ceftriaxone was influential on the growth of bacteria with a diameters Sense (30 ,25 and 20 mm) respectively, while remained antibiotics, the bacteria were resistant to them.

This study was carried out at nursery in Heet city (150 km western of Baghdad) from (1/4/2013) to (1/12/2013) the study was included of budding one year old apricot seedling by apricot scions cultivar Labeeb .to study the effect of budding date and scions soaking with growth regulators (BA and NAA) on success percentage of budding and vegetative growth characteristics. Scions soaking treatments were summarized as follows:(control , Treated by NAA at (50 mg .l-1, Treated by NAA at (100 mg .l-1, Treated by BA at (250 mg .l-1, Treated by NAA at (50 mg .l-1) with BA at (250 mg .l-1 and Treated by NAA at (100 mg .l-1) with BA at (250 mg .l-1 Scions were soaking for 10 minutes and budded on three budding date 24/3/2013, 24/5/2013, and 24/6/2013. The research was done in factorial experiments in two factors (6x3) (treatments × dates) with randomized complete block design with ten replicates The results of experiment were summarized as follows : budding date gave significant effected on budding success percentage and all Studied characteristics were first budding date gave best results comparing with second and third budding dates. Higher budding success percentage were obtained with treatment of buds by(BA) at (250 mg / l-1)which gave (92.50, 86.43, 81.57) % as compared with control at the first, second and third budding dates respectively. The treatment (BA at 250 mg /l-1) and (NAA at250 mg / l-1 ) showed significant increasing in most vegetative studied characteristics in all budding dates as comparing with control.
Key words: Apricot,plant growth regulators,budding date,number of ranches, leaf area

A field trial was conducted during winter sesons of 2008-2009 at experimental farm of the Department of Field Crop Science , College of Agriculture , Abu-Ghraib , University of Baghdad . The objectives of the study was to evaluate activity of Herbicides, Chevalier , Topic and Logron on weeds and grain yield of wheat var (lba99) , Chevalier reduced number of broad and narrow leaf after 30 , 60 , 90 days , after application of herbicides at both season by 88.3% , 92.2% , 88,3% , 92.3% , 86.1 and 90.6% respectively according to weedy treatment also gave lowest dry weight of weed , 16.6 , 10.5 , 17.6 and 9.6 gm.m-2 while the weedy treatment gave highest value of dry weight of weed , were 176.5 and 181.4 gm.m-2 so the chevalier reduced the dry weight of weeds at first season by 90.6% and 91.0% and second season by 90.3% and 92.2% respectively according the weedy treatment , The wheat positively respond and gave high value at both season as high plant 103.7 and 105.8 cm , number of spik per meter 403.4 and 429.2 and number grain per spike 57.6 , 58.2 respectively , therefore they caused increasing yield of grain at first season by 45.5% and second season 45.2%.

A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of compound alkaloid extract crude seed of black pepper Piper nigrum and fruit chili Capcicum annum mortality the non-matured phase of moth Ephestia cautella dates bug .where I found a direct correlation in the mortality rates in the eggs and the pupa stages virgins for aisterent insect by increasing the concentration of the extract. (77.6,76.67,90)% respectively at concentration 20mg/ml compared with (9.73, 16.3, 15.8)% in control tret ment . It was Isolation and identification of active compounds from the crude extract of alkaloid compounds of chili peppersu and found four effective compounds are: 4-o-4-m-2-pentanine, Nonivamide, Capsaicin, 2-dihdrocapsaicin.whichconstitute 25,10,25,25 respectivly.

Carried out tow field experiment in the territory of the county 28/ Alamadiyah / Elimintation of the Hashemiyah – Babylon province During the study season 2014-2013, 2015-2014. in order to know Response varieties of wheat Adna -99 and Abu Graib -3 to Bio- organic fertilization (organic fertilizer animal with EMa ) And (regetarian organic fertilizer with EMa ), and impact on the characheristics of yield and yield components splinter (spit- plot )- it served as varieties transaction (Adna -99 and Abo Graib -33) main plot , while preoccupied compost transaction (without fertilizer FO ) , (chemical fertilizer F1), ( organic fertilizer animal F2) (organic fertilizer plant F3) (organic fertilizer animal with Ema F4 ) and (organic fertilizer plant F5 ) Secondary plot .
statistical analysis showed the results of the following :
1-outweigh class wheat Adna -99 on class wheat Abu Graib -3 in reipes ( Number of spike / m2 , weight of 1000 grain , grain yield (ton/ H) and Biological yield (ton/H) for two seasons and gave the highest averages details values above a mount ( 269.64 , 258.46 spike ) , (42.52, 39.64 g ) , (5.472, 4.730 ton/h ) and ( 13.604, 12.742 ton / h ) .
2- The overlap between the varieties and fertilizer moral superiority found a combination of interfernce (Adna -99X organic fertilizer plant with EMa ) . Recipes in the Number of grain / spike , wheat of 1000 grain (g) , grain yield ton / h and biological yield ton /h and it gave the highest values reashed average values (53.85,51.11grain ) , ( 43.07, 40.32(g)) , (6. 354, 5.446 ton / h ) and ( 14.596, 13.521 ton /h ) for two seasons on a row , while outperformed handling manure (organic fertilizer animal with EMa) morally described in Number of spike / m2 and gave a higher value two the average of this triat ( 274.62, 261.67 spike ) , for tow seasons .
3- The overlap between the varieties and fertilizer moral superiority found a combination of interference (Adna-99 X organic fertilizer plant with EMa ) Recipes in the wheat of 1000 grain (g), grain yield ton/ h , biological yield ton /h and it gave the highest values reached averages (46.25, 43.25grain ) , ( 6.683, 5. 683 ton / h ) and ( 15. 108 , 14.117 ton /h ) for two seasons in a row . while outperformed synthesized overlap (Abu Graib-3 X organic moral qualities) ( Number of spike / m2 ) and it gave the highest averages the values of this triat reached (281.25, 268.83 spike ) for two seasons in a row .

Carried out tow field experiment in the territory of the county 28/ Alamadiyah / Elimintation of the Hashemiyah – Babylon province During the study season 2014-2013, 2015-2014. in order to know Response varieties of wheat Adna -99 and Abu Graib -3 to Bio- organic fertilization (organic fertilizer animal with EMa ) And (regetarian organic fertilizer with EMa ), and impact on the characheristics of panels splinter (spit- plot )- it served as varieties transaction (Adna -99 and Abo Graib -33) main plot , while preoccupied compost transaction (without fertilizer FO ) , (chemical fertilizer F1), ( organic fertilizer animal F2) (organic fertilizer plant F3) (organic fertilizer animal with Ema F4 ) and (organic fertilizer plant F5 ) Secondary plot . statistical analysis showed the results of the following
1- outweigh class wheat Adna -99 on class wheat Abu Graib -3 in reipes (spike lenth ( cm ) ,Number of taller / plant and leaf and (cm2) . and gave the Highest averages Details values aboveamount (13.558cm , 12.865cm ),(4.826,4.022 tiller ) and (42.44cm2 , 38.28cm2).
2- Excelleds handing manure (organic fertilizer plant with EMa) in moral qualities (plant heigh cm ), Number of tiller / plant , leaf area (cm2 and leaf area index and gave the highest averoges the values of these attributes (104.71cm , 103.36cm), (4.967 tiller , 4.237 tiller ), for tow seasons in a row . while outperformed handling manure( organic fertilizer animal with EMa ) marally described in spike lenth and gave the highest value of the averag . amount of this trait 13.546(cm) , 13.396(cm) for tow seasons in a row.
• 3- The overlap between the varieties and fertilizer moral superiority found a combination of interfernce (Adna -99X organic fertilizer plant with EMa ) Recipes in the number of tillers / plant and leaf area (cm2) and it gave the highest values reached averages (5.592 tiller , 4.717 tiller ) and (47.175cm2 , 42.292cm2 for tow seasons in a row . while outperformed synthesized overlap (Abu Graib0-3 X organic moral qualities plant height (cm) and leaf area index and it gave the highest averages the values of the amount of these qualities (106.742(cm), 105.108 (cm)) and (2.447, 1.987)for seasons in a row while he excelled in combination (Adna -99 X organic fertilizer animal with EMa) in moral character spike lenth (cm) and gave a higher value to the average of this triat (14.725, 14.167 cm )for two seasons in a row .

This experiment was carried out in Saddat – AL- Hindya / Babylon Province in the growing season of (2014 ) on grape vineyard cv. AL –France .The research was included two factors ; The first factor was represented The effect of organic fertilization in two levels ( 0 , 6) K g / tree and spraying with foliar application at( MICRO NATE 14 ) with four levels ( 0 , 12.5, 15 and 17.5) . g / lit , was the second factor and their interaction on vegetative, quantitative, and qualitative traits of grape . Results showed that adding ( 6)Kg of organic fertilization/vin led to significant increase in leaves area chlorophyll content, Yield content , berry weight , cluster number , cluster weight and percentage of T . S . S , on the other hand spraying with ( MICRO NATE 14) and the interaction between organic fertilization and ( MICRO NATE 14) solution showed significant superiority in all traits studied .
Keyword: organic fertilizer , foliar application, seed weight, cluster weight

Field experiment was carried out in Tekret Research Station/ Ministry Of Science and Technology in 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons to screen and select 13 chickpea genotypes. The results showed that genotype 71759 was superior in early flowering (119.33 and 94) days, early mature (169.67 and 132) days in both seasons respectively. Genotype 131985 was superior in number of seeds per plant (120, 110) seeds, plant yield (24.63, 23) gm and seed yield (3903.5, 3681.9) Kg/ha for both seasons respectively.

The study was conducted in one of Abu Khasib orchards in Basra governorate during the spring season of 2012 in silty soil mixture .the aim of this search to study the effecting of seed soaking by some growth regulators ethephon, naphthalene acetic acid, Salicylic acid and Ascorbic acid in addition to the control treatment of "Cucumis sativus" local variety by 100 mg / l for 10 hours a ،soaking with distilled water، on the physiological, growth and production characters and hormone content in the leaves of plants. The results showed there were a significant increase in all growth regulator treatments compeers with control in the vegetative growth, flowering and production. The ascorbic acid was recorded more influence on number of lateral branches, the number of total leaf, leaf area, number of flowers feminine, sex ratio, number of fruits and production of the plant in comparison with control wich reach ،16.004 and 3940 and 35.23 and 83.57 and 73.68 and 48.41 and 70.27،, respectively. The leaf hormonal content of IAA , GA3 and cy were recorded a significantly increased in plants soaked seeds for ascorbic acid in comparison with control treatment while content of ABA increased significantly in plants soaked seeds by ethephon compared with the control treatment.
Keyword: cucumbers, seed, growth regulator

The experiment carried out during the season of the years 2014-2015 in a private field in the village of Rashid Almlajawad / Diyala province. Included experience of 10 treatments is an overlap between the vernalizationa at a temperature at 10 ± 2 c º for two weeks and (without vernalization) on seedlings of five cultivars of onion is Mumtazez, Red Nice, Texas Early Grano 502, local white, and local Red. The treatments distributed in accordance with the design of randomized complete blocks Disighn RCBD with three replications and the averages were compared by Duncan's test at the level of 0.05 probability.
Results showed superiority vernalization treatment in the overall seed yield and it gave the sum total 691.93 kg.hectar -1 and control is the earlier in the flowers blooming at a rate of 153.27 days from sowing until the flowers blooming. The cultivar local Red was earlier in flowers Blooming during 148.17 days from sowing until the blooming flowers and holds the overall and winning by giving it holds the seeds of 29.26 gm.plant-1 and 1338.88 kg.hectar -1 and the cultivar local White makeup top in the number of flowers.umbel-1 by it's gave 587.82 flowers.umbel-1 and the cultivar Red Nice was the highest flowers Contracting which is 90.24% and the cultivar Mumtazez earlier in maturity seeds as seeds matured during 212.5 days from sowing seeds until maturity. And the treatment of vernalization with local Red give a higher seedyield a 1848.1 kgm.hectar -1.
Key words : vernalization, seed production, onion.

This study was conducted at the poultry farm -Animal Department of Resources College Agriculture -AlQasim Green University, from 17/10/2014 To 4/12/2014 to investigate the effect of supplement Betaine to the diet on Water Intake Pattern during entire day and 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks of Japanease quail that exposed to heat stress. The trial was started at the age of 8 days and three hundred unsexed birds were used . Birds were raised in cages and randomly distributed into 5 treatments with 3 riplicates for each treatment and , 20 birds each riplicate. Birds were exposed to the cyclic temperature (29-36.5-31.5)˚C . Treatments were as follows:
T1: Control treatment (without supplementation) T2 : Diet supplemented with 500 mg betaine /kg diet . T3 : Diet supplemented with 1000 mg betaine /kg diet .T4 : Diet supplemented with 1500 mg betaine /kg diet .T5 : Diet supplemented with 2000 mg betaine /kg diet .The results:showed that Water consumption for 24 hours by birds of T5 at 3rd and 4th weeks was significantly higher as compared with other treatments while at 5th and 6th weeks, birds of T5 were superior compared with those of T1 and T2 .

Key word: heat stress , Quail , betaine , Water Intake Pattern

A Field experiment was conducted during 2014-2015 season at the out in the experiment station of Horticulture Ministry of Agriculture to within latitudes 31 and 32 north and longitude 21 and 44 east for the agricultural season 2014-2015 to study the analysis of path coefficient for the yield and its components of five varieties of wheat bread as main plot (Abu Ghraib, IPA 99, Hashema, Al-Iraq and Tamoz-3) and effect seeding rates (80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg.h1-) were used as parameters main plots randomized complete bloke designed and three replicates. was used for this study following the characteristics spike length, number of spikelet/ spike, number of spikes .m2-, number of grains/ spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield ton. h -1, harvest index % and grain yield ton. h -1 .
The results of the analysis of path coefficient showed that harvest index had given direct effects in the grain yield at all seeding rates and also gave indirect effects in the grain yield by most other characteristics, The direct effects of 1000-grain weight was negative pill in all seeding rates also noted that the highest direct and indirect effect was found when the seeding rates 80 and 120 kg.h1- It can be conclude that harvesting guide can be used as selectivity marker to improve grain yield in breeding programs.

Studied the the effect of three concentrations of Al-nbar province isolation BtAN in concentrations (101 x7.35, 102 x7.35, 105 x7.35) and the al-Sulaymaniyah province isolation BtSU in concentrations (101 x5.6, 102 x5.6, 105 x5.6) ml / CFU and Baghdad province isolation BtBA in concentrations (101 x3.56, 102 x3.56, 105 x3.56) ml / CFU were studied and compared with universall standard isolation Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in concentrations (101 x4.85, 102 x4.85, 105 x4.85) ml / CFU on fourth instar larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens pipiens and the ratio of mortality was100% for all concentrations of standard Bti isolation while the mortality ratio was 65% in concentration 105 x7.35 ml / CFU in isolation of Anbar BtAN in addition mortality ratio in isolation of Sulaymaniyah was 50% in concentration 105 x5.6 ml / CFU while isolation BtBA did not give any rate of mortality.

The objectives of this study were evaluating some plant extracts as biotic inducers to induction systemic acquired resistance in the tomato plants against Whitefly Bemisia tabaci under greenhouse conditions .The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of some water plant extract ( Mirabilis jalapa , Eruca sativa & Rheum rhabarbarum) to find out the best way for their control. Condition of Water extract on eggs, nymphs and adults of Whitefly. The resulte show that Water extract had a high mortality percentage on adults of the Whitefly, by M. jalapa were the highest 78.00% , followed by E. sativa and R.. rhababarum the lowest with 62.33 and 39.33% respectively after one day of treatment .On nymphs M. jalapa give high mortality percentage so but after one day were 98%, while. E. sativa extract was mortality rate 90.67% , also the R.. rhababarum was gave less effective reaching mortality rate with 69.00% .The results also showed that the mortality rates of eggs was Increased after one day when the high mortality percentage of egg was 80.00 , 78.67 and 48.33 % for each of M. jalapa , E. sativa and R.. rhababarum respectively .While the incidence of white fly insect in the green house before treatment rate was 53.93%, but the maximum reduction in the incidence of white fly insect arrived when sprayed plant extract to the M. jalapa amounting to 12.53%.
Key ward : Mirabilis jalapa , Eruca sativa , Rheum rhabarbarum, Bemisia tabaci , plant extract

The present study was conducted to explore the protective effects of ginger on cadmium chloride induced reproductive toxicity in rats female .40 female adult rats 6-8 weeks old weighing (260 -300 gm.) was used for the study. Animals was divided into four (10 rats for each groups) groups: Animals in Groups I:served as control and were given distilled water. Group II :was given cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.008 mg/kg B.w once daily for two months by oral gavage tube .Group :III were given cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.008 mg/kg B.w once daily along with ginger extract 200 mg/kg B.w. through oral gavage tube once daily for two months .Group IV: were given ginger extract 200 mg/kg B.w. through oral gavage tube once daily for two months .At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken via cardiac puncture for follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) analysis .After dissection of animals ,uterui and ovaries were excised for histopathological examination .Results showed that cadmium chloride cause a significant decrease in the levels of sex hormones , and induce toxicopathological changes in genital organs these changes were ameliorated with extract of ginger. The results of the present study concluded that cadmium chloride -induce toxicopathological changes in uterui and ovaries of rats, which in turn many affected on the reproductive efficiency of animals, these changes were improved after co -giving ginger extract which provide a strong evidence for the beneficial role of antioxidants plants in improving the effect of cadmium chloride toxicity in rats female.
Key words: cadmium chloride, antioxidants, ginger, reproductive toxicity.

Holstein – Frisian (HF) cattle crossbred is the most important cattle breed in Iraq for both meat and milk production. The genetic studies of animal production related gene in this breed is very poor in this country. Therefore, a pair of specific primers was designed to amplify a highly polymorphic region in leptin gene, which is intron 1. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 60 randomly selected local HF cattle. One pair of specific primers was designed using primer BLAST online software. The optimum annealing temperature of primers was determined using a couple of gradient PCR reactions. It was found that the optimum annealing temperature to amplify this intron 1 fragment in leptin gone as 66.9°C. In conclusion, it was found that the intron 1 fragment is a successful genetic candidate that can be used in the subsequent selection of the best breed of HF cattle.
Keywords: Holstein Frisian cattle, PCR, intron 1, leptin gene, designing

The experiment was conducted in the lathhouse of Horticulture Department College of Agriculture / University of Kufa in fall season 2014 - 2015 to study the effect of spraying organic fertilizers Optimus Plus and bacteria Azotobacter on the growth and flowers of Mathiola incana L. The experiment carried out using randomized complete blocked design (RCBD) with three replicates and two factors. The first factor used three concentrations of organic fertilizer Optimus Plus which ( 0,1.5,3) ml.L-1 and the second three concentrations of bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum is (0, 25.50) ml.L-1 and the interaction between them in the indicators studied. Treatments mean compared by test averages less significant difference LSD and at the level of probability of 0.05. The results showed that spraying Organic fertilizers at the concentration 3 ml.L-1 with bacteria Azotobacter at concentration of 50 ml.L-1 the number of colonies 6 × 10-7 colony formation unit / ml was significantly increased from the shoot , root and flowers growth indicators as increased plant height, number of leaves , dry weight of shoots , leaves content of total chlorophyll, total carbohydrates, total soluble length of longer root dry weight of roots , flowering date, the number of inflorescences, number of florets, diameter of rosette and inflorescence holder was given . The flowering growth indicators reached 139.00 day, 10.67inflorescence.plant -1, 12.67 flower.plant -1, 2.87 m and 8.03 m compared to the contol treatment when reached 154.00day,5.67 inflorescence.plant-1, 5.33 flower.plant-1, 1.80 cm and 4.63 cm respectively.

Field experiment was conducted in AL-Amiria (60 KM) south west Baghdad to study the effected of different size of onion mother bulb (20g , 15g and 10g) at different dates viz ., 30 Nov , 15 Oct and 30 Oct observe their effect on growth , blub and seed yield of onion common red variety . The mother bulb size and planting time showed significant influence on growth bulb and seed yield of onion . The small mother bulb size (10g) and late planting time (30 Oct) gave the highest bulb yield (11.43ton.hac1) , and the large mother bulb size (20g) and the early planting time (30Nov) gave the best vegetative growth and highest seed yield (401.93Kg.hac1).

Research was Conducted in the lath house of Al– Mussayab Technical College during year 2014 which included two experiments: first was study the effect of four levels of DAP fertilizer (zero, 2, 4,6 g / plant ) in growth of apricot sapling (two month old ) and the second experience was study the influence of six levels of added DAP fertilizer (zero, 7, 9, 11, 13.15 g / plant) in growth of apricot sapling age two years old the experiment in complete design of randomization CRD was done with three replicates and five sapling for each treatment , we have got the following results :-
All young sapling was dead when it fertilized with 6g DAP /plant .young sapling that fertilized 4g DAP /plat show significant increase in all studied characteristics . all sapling that ( two years old) was dead when it fertilized with 15 g DAP / plant .two years old sapling that fertilized with 13 g DAP /plant show significant increase in all studied characteristics except leaves phosphorus percent content that show no significant increase .

Three different soils texture ( sandy loam , loamy and clay) fertilized with Urea and treated with four concentrations of Glyphosate herbicides (0 ,50 ,75 and 100 %) of recommended dose. Salinized level was modified using drainage water with three salinity levels 4 , 8 , and16 dS m-1. The soils were incubated for different periods to study the effect of soil salinity and Glyphosate herbicides on the number of Nitrifiers. Three replicates with completely randomized design were used. The soil samples were incubated for 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 and 15 days at 30°C to estimate the number of Nitrifiers (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter) . Nitrifiers number increased with increasing incubation period from 3 to 15 days in the clay soil as campared to loamy and sandy loamy soil while the number of nitrifiers decreased with increasing soil salinity. Nitrifiers number was(17.05 ×103 , 13.33 × 103 and 12.44× 103) cell.gm-1 soil at levels of 4 , 8 and 16 dSm-1 respectively.

This study was conducted to test the lethal effect of ethanol ,ethyl acetate, hexane and oil extracts of black pepper fruits Piper nigrum on the larval stage of cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis. In this study the second and sixth instar larvae were treated topically by using the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5% of each extract. The results of topically treatment for second larvae stage with different extracts showed a significant increase in the mortality , rates which ranged between 23.3% - 49.5% as in average of all used conc. while the rates ranged between 6.1%- 11.1% for the sixth larvae and the highest mortality percentage caused by ethanol extract, which reached to 59.2% and 13.3% for the second and sixth instar larvae respectively, when % 5 conc. was used, The results also pointed prolonged durations of both larval and pupal stages, depending on the conc. used in the test , ethyl acetate extract cause an increase in the longest period of growth both stage.
Key Word: Plant Extractions, Spodoptera littoralis, Percentages of Mortality