Psychological Science

: Abstract
The current research aims to identify: Community sefty as mentioned in the sermons, advice and rulings issued by Imam Mahdi (peace be upon him). To achieve the goal of the current research the content analysis method was used by constructing a pre-classification of community security, after collecting data from the literature and reviewing previous studies. The researcher used the for analysis in this research and extracted the validity and reliability of the classification, as the researcher used the Holsti equation to calculate the agreement coefficient. The agreement coefficient of identifying the idea in relation to the researcher’s two attempts with a time interval of (0.97), while it was between the researcher and the first analyst it was (0.96) and between the researcher and the second analyst (0.94), while the agreement coefficient of classifying the idea according to the community security classification between the researcher’s two attempts over time was (0.96) and between the researcher and the first analyst (0.94) and between her and the second analyst (0.92). Through arranging the areas of community security, it appeared that there are (212) ideas for analysis arranged according to the areas of community security according to what was mentioned in the material or the analyzed content of the sayings, messages and rulings about Imam Mahdi. Descendingly, the field of psychological security ranked first with a percentage of (38,679), while the field of political security ranked second with a percentage of (33,018), and the field of intellectual security and the field of economic security ranked third with a percentage of (14,150), which is the same rank. In light of the results, the researcher came up with some recommendations and suggestions

Abstract
The study aimed to identify cognitive communication competence among university students and find statistically significant differences in the cognitive communication competence according to gender (males, females). It also aimed to identify self-insight competence among university students and to identify statistically significant differences in self-insight according to the variable of gender (males, females). The final goal was to identify the correlation between cognitive communication competence and self-insight.
The researchers adopted two scales, one of which is the cognitive communication competence scale prepared by (Al-Yasiri, 2023) based on to Duran & Spitzberg’s cumulative performance theory, and the translation of McDowell’s cognitive communication competence scale (Mcdweli, 2000), which consisted of (26) items, the self-insight scale was also adopted by Muhammad, (2018), which consisted of (39) items.
The psychometric properties were reviewed and the two scales were applied to a sample of (175) male and female students (81 males, 94 females) who were selected by a stratified random method from 4 colleges at the University of Baghdad/Al-Jadriya Complex for the academic year 2023-2024. The results of the research showed the following:
1. The sample has cognitive communication competence.
2.There is no difference between males and females cognitive communication competence.
3. The sample does not have self-insight.
4. There is no difference between males and females in self- insight.
5. There is a correlation between the cognitive communication competence and self-insight.
The study came out with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract
Spiritual intelligence has a clear impact on students as they often possess a high level of spiritual intelligence, which enables them to solve problems they face at university and avoid negative attitudes in university life. The current research aims to identify spiritual intelligence among Tikrit University students and to identify statistically significant differences in spiritual intelligence according to the gender variable (males vs. females). The research sample consisted of (200) male and female students who were chosen randomly, distributed among four colleges, each college has (50) fourth year male and female students. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared a spiritual intelligence scale based on Emmons’ theory of spiritual intelligence (2000) (which in its final form consists of (25) items, distributed among four areas, namely: the capacity for transcendence, the ability to enter into heightened spiritual states of consciousness, the ability to invest everyday activities, events, and relationships with a sense of the sacred or divine, and the capacity to be virtuous.
After verifying the psychometric properties of the spiritual intelligence scale, and then applying it to the research sample for statistical analysis (discrimination) and the final application sample, each of which consisted of (200) male and female students. The researcher used a number of statistical methods to achieve the research objectives, namely (Chi-square test, T-test for one sample, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and T- test for two independent samples). The results of the study showed:

-The individuals in the current research sample, students from Tikrit University, possess spiritual intelligence at a significance level of (0.05).
-There are statistically significant differences in spiritual intelligence among Tikrit University students, according to the gender variable (males and females) at (0.005). In light of the results obtained, the researcher formulated a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract
The study aimed to identify negative and positive suicide Ideation among university students and whether there were statistically significant differences in negative and positive suicide Ideation s according to gender. It also aimed to identify rigid and narcissistic perfectionism, and self-critical perfectionism among the sample and to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in these variables according to gender. There was a correlation between the research variables mentioned above. The sample consisted of (148) university students (75) females and (73) males. The students responded to two scales:
-Negative and positive suicide Ideation scale by Aloba & et.al(2018)
-The Big Three Perfectionism Scale by Smith &et.al (2016)
One of the most prominent results of the study was that the study sample had a high degree of negative and positive suicide Ideation, and that there was a statistically significant difference in negative suicide Ideation by gender in favor of females, while that there were no differences in positive suicidal thoughts. The results also showed that the study sample had a low degree of rigid perfectionism and a medium degree of self-critical perfectionism and narcissistic perfectionism, while no significant differences appeared according to the gender variable and for all types of perfectionism. The results showed the presence of significant correlation between the research variables
Keyword: perfectionism, rigid perfectionism, narcissistic perfectionism, self-critical perfectionism, negative and positive suicidal Ideation

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the mental image of the martyr among the members of the Popular Mobilization Forces, To achieve the research objectives, a tool was required to measure the mental image of the martyr, Therefore, scale was developed for the mental image of the martyr based on Walter Lippmann’s (1922) theory of Public Opinion and Stereotypes, which consisted in its original form of (30) paragraphs, After extracting its psychometric properties, the scale in its final form consisted of (30) items with five-point responses (strongly agree - agree - neutral - disagree - strongly disagree),The researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the current research community was members of the Popular Mobilization Forces in,The researcher selected a sample of (400) members from the Popular Mobilization forces in Baghdad the study concluded that the research of the sample have a mental image of the martyr at a high level, and based on what the research results showed the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:
This research seeks to identify the following:
1. Emotional aggression in the children.
2. Emotional aggression according to (kindergarten, preparatory)
3. Emotional aggression according to gender (males, females)
This research was limited to kindergarten children for the academic year (2024-2025), To achieve the research objectives, the researcher constructed a scale for emotional aggression, with (20) terms, and its validity was verified by a group of experts, and its validity was proven, in addition to the researcher conducted a statistical analysis of the items which showed the items to be distinctive and statistically significant, and the final numbers of items was (18), with alternatives (agree, undecided, do not agree), and with degrees (1, 2, 3). The researcher also found a relationship between the items score and the total score, and the stability of the scale was confirmed by the re-test method, and the stability coefficient reached (0.81), which indicates a good stability coefficient. The scale was applied to a sample of (150) mothers of kindergarten children, They were selected randomly. the research reached the following results:
1- The sample showed a decrease in emotional aggression.
2- There were no differences between men and women in emotional aggression.
3- There were no differences between kindergarten and preparatory children in emotional aggression.

Abstract:
This research aims to study the Correlation between forecasting the future vision and achievement motivation among students of Samarra University in Salah al-Din Governorate. The descriptive analytical method was used to collect and analyze data. The research population consisted of (1.28) students from various academic disciplines, and a random sample of (173) students was chosen from four colleges: Engineering, Applied Sciences, Education, and Arts. The results indicated a moderate positive Correlation between forecasting the future motivation, reflecting the importance of developing future vision skills to enhance academic motivation. Evaluations also showed that students have a moderate view of forecasting levels, with variations in the evaluation of components, where skills and knowledge were rated the highest. External motivation demonstrated superiority compared to internal motivation, highlighting the need to focus on enhancing internal motivation for sustainable goal achievement.

Abstract:
The research aims to identify Social competence and The relationship with Academic achievement among university students,
tIn order to achieve the objectives of the current research. The researcher use the Social competence scale, which consists of (40) items, and the Academic achievementscale, which consists of (36) items in its final form, where the research verifies the psychometric properties such as scarcity and reliability for both scales.
Then the two scales were applied to a sample of (400) university students, from the research community In Al- Mustansriya University
The results of the current research indicated , based on the use A number of statistical methods In light of result indicated :
that The Social competence and Academic achievement were higher than average, Meaning the respondents had he Social competence and Academic achievement, There is a direct statistically significant relationship between The Social competence and Academic achievement among university students, That there is no difference in the relationship between Social competence and Academic achievement according to gender.
In light of the indicated results, a number of recommendations and proposals were made for subsequent researches

Abstract: The current research aims to identify:
1. The level of risk behavior among outstanding school students.
2. The level of overconfidence among outstanding school students.
3. The correlation between risk behavior and overconfidence among outstanding school students.
4.The differences in the relationship between risk behavior and overconfidence according to the variables: academics stage (intermediate, secondary) and gender (males, females ) .The current research community includes distinguished students in Baghdad in the two stages (intermediate and secondary) and of both sexes (males and females) for the Rusafa Education Directorates (first, second, and third) for the academic year (2023-2024). The research sample for statistical analysis consisted of (400) male and female students,. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers: construct the risk behavior scale of (Jessor, 1991) according to the problem behavior theory, consisting of (35) items in its final form distributed over six areas, in addition to developing the overconfidence scale of (Langer, 1975) consisting of (29) items in its final form distributed over three areas. The psychometric properties of the scales were extracted (validity and reliability)and after collecting the data and processing it statistically, the researchers reached the following results: Outstanding students have a low level of risk behavior, and a high level of overconfidence, There is a statistically significant inverse correlation between risk behavior and overconfidence. The study also showed that there a no statistically significant differences between risk behavior and overconfidence according to the gender variable (males , females)and no statistically significant differences between risk behavior and overconfidence according to the stage variable (intermediate - secondary). In light of the results, the researchers came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify compassion fatigue among social workers in college dormitories, the differences in compassion fatigue according to gender, and the differences in compassion fatigue according to age. To verify the research objectives, a compassion fatigue scale consisting of (13) items was adopted and applied to a sample of (100) social workers working in college dormitories at Iraqi universities, both males and females, who were intentionally selected. After statistical processing and data analysis, the results showed that the social workers experienced compassion fatigue, and there were differences in compassion fatigue according to gender, in favor of males, and differences in compassion fatigue according to age, in favor of the age group (20-29). In light of the results, the researcher reached a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:
The research problem is embodied in the rumination of individuals over event s, situations or feelings, and the research derived its importance from the low individual focus on reality and poor performance of tasks with rumination thoughts of negative feelings with low motivation to accomplish at work, as Because rumination is continuous negative thinking and is reinforced with negative feelings for previous experiences, the objectives of the research were determined as measuring rumination among higher education employees, identifying the differences in rumination according to age and gender variables, A Previous studies of rumination was a dopted to develop the scale, and the validity and stability of the scale were verified, then the scale was applied to a sample of higher education employees, the research results showed:
1.There is a very high rumination among higher education employees.
2. There are differences in rumination among higher education employees according to the gender variable (males, females), and there were no differences according to the age variable. The research concluded with a number of recommendations, including:
• Holding workshops on rumination of ideas and their negative impact on performance. The research ended with a number of suggestions:
• Conducting an experimental study on the effect of rumination ideas of adverse events on the health of cancer patients.

Abstract
The current research aims to identify the level of self-regulation among the research sample of Secondary school students in Sharqat district and to identify the statistically significant differences according to the gender and specialization variables for the academic year (2023-2024). The researcher built a tool to measure self-regulation. After extracting the psychometric properties (validity and reliability), the reliability coefficient alluring to the Cronbach’s alpha method reached was (0.75) and the retest was (0.79). Thus, the scale became in its final form included (36) items and it was applied to a random stratified sample consisting of (280) male and female students. For the purpose of processing the data statistically, the researcher used the Pearson correlation coefficient and the T-Test for one sample, and the T-Test for two independent samples. The results showed a high level of self-regulation among Secondary school students. There were no statistically significant differences in self-regulation based on gender (males - females), nor were there statistically significant differences in self-regulation based on specialization (science humanities). The study concluded with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Summary
This study aimed to assess the level of creative thinking among sixth-grade primary school students and to examine gender differences in creative thinking. To achieve these goais, the researcher developed a 14 item creative thinking scale based on Skinner's theory. The scale was administered to a random sample of 100 students. Data analysis revealed that sixth-grade students exhibited a high level of creative thinking. Furthermore, significant gender differences were found, with female students demonstrating higher levels of creative thinking than male students.

Abstract
This study aims to shed light on the nature of school violence and its impact on public schools through the following objectives: identifying the factors responsible for school violence among public school students, examining whether the curricula they study contribute to this issue, and assessing the effect of age group, academic level, number of students, educational stages, socioeconomic status, and preventive measures against school violence.
To achieve the study's objectives, we a sample of 300 male and female students from schools in Baghdad’s Rusafa district was selected. A questionnaire was designed specifically for this purpose, consisting of 40 items divided into two main sections. The first section (20 items) focused on the psychological aspect, providing initial data about the study sample. The second section (20 items) addressed the social aspect, also offering data about the sample. The study utilized a field survey methodology and included interviews with several university professors.
After statistically analyzing the data, the study reached a set of key findings, the most significant of which are
1.The results indicated that the age group of the participants ranged between 13 and 17 years.
2.The analysis of the questionnaire responses revealed that school violence and its impact on public schools, as perceived by high school students, is primarily due to psychological factors, with a mean score of 41.996 and a relative weight of 49.311. The researcher attributes this to the psychological conditions experienced by students in public high schools suchas stress,lade of control and psycholgiced disorders.
The T-value was 8.607, with a significance level of 0.000. 3.The results also showed that social conditions ranked second among the factors influencing school violence, with a mean score of 41.567 and a relative weight of 51.150. This suggests that students' social circumstances significantly impact school violence in public schools. The T-value was 6.921, with a significance level of 0.000.
These findings highlight the importance of addressing both psychological and
social factors when tackling school violence in public schools.

Abstract
The problem of the study revolved around identifying the attitudes of news editors in Iraqi satellite channels towards the use of artificial intelligence in order to enhance their professional skills, it study aimed to identify the most prominent skills that artificial intelligence enhanced among news editors, and to measure the level of the skills that artificial intelligence enhanced for them. This survey method was used and the research can be classified as descriptive research, because it describes the phenomenon with precise terms. The research sample consisted of (56) editors in Iraqi satellite channels, as they were selected by the non-probability purposive sampling method, and in order to achieve the research objectives the researcher drepared the measurement instrument, which consisted of (10) items, and then validity and reliability were extracted. The study reached some important results; that the most prominent skills that artificial intelligence enhanced among news editors are: detecting precise errors and enhancing review accuracy: The results also point to level of skills that artificial intelligence enhanced among news editors was high, but there was no statistically significant correlation between the skills that artificial intelligence enhanced among the news editors and the gender variable.