Misan Journal for Physical Education Sciences

The importance of the research lies in preparing exercises under time pressure to develop some offensive skills in handball. As for the problem of the research, there is a clear weakness in some offensive skills, which negatively affects the performance of players on the field. As for the objectives of the research, it is to prepare exercises under time pressure to develop some offensive skills for handball players aged 16-18 years and to identify the effect of exercises under time pressure in developing some offensive skills for handball players aged 16-18 years. The research methodology used the experimental method using the experimental design method from one experimental group. The research community was defined as junior players in the clubs of the Kurdistan Region, who are the players (juniors) of the clubs (Sulaymaniyah, Koya, Dohuk, Erbil, Solaf, Zanko). The number of players in the community was (90) players, 15 players for each club. The research sample was selected by simple random method (lottery) and was Erbil Club with ages (16-18) years (juniors). The final sample represented 14 players and 3 players were excluded from the goalkeeper position. Also, the exploratory sample was (6) players from Zanko Club. Some offensive skills were identified and tests were selected for them, as well as preparing exercises under time pressure and taking into account the methods of measuring, controlling and training them for the sample. The reality of performing these exercises was in 36 training units in three months. As for the research conclusions, they were that the time-pressure exercises carried out by the research group achieved development in some offensive skills (handling, tapping, shooting from a pivot (steady), shooting from a high jump) among players aged 16-18 years (juniors).

The research aims to prepare a guidance program to enhance the cooperative personality of fifth-year middle school students in the physical education lesson, and to identify the effect of the program in the desired relationship. The researchers assumed that there is a positive impact of the psychological guidance program in enhancing the cooperative personality of fifth-year middle school students in the physical education lesson. The researchers adopted the experimental approach, which is the closest to the research process, using the single-group method with pre- and post-tests. Therefore, the researchers determined the research community using the intentional method represented by fifth-year middle school students in Maysan Governorate, consisting of (941) students distributed over (9) middle schools. The main research group was determined at Mitham Al-Tammar Middle School, with (24) students. The researchers adopted the statistical package (SPSS) in collecting, analyzing and announcing the research results. The researchers recommended the need to intensify guidance programs aimed at enhancing the cooperative personality among students.

The game of boxing is characterized by strength and speed to reach the upper levels. The boxing game has several advantages, both in attack and defense. In a square shape, and that the performance of the boxing player is characterized by strength and speed of the punch, requiring the trainers and specialists to measure the strength and speed of the punch during the training seasons in order to ensure its continuous development, and this comes only through tests measuring the pace of punches for the tests that measure the strength and velocity of punches are general and not specialized in a particular game. The device is designed to measure the strength and speed of straight and lateral punching (simple and composite) in proportion to the boxer's performance. During the period of real downhill and even in the training, whether from motion or stability, the idea of invention came through the design of a device consisting of several parts linked to each other, including an electronic device measures the strength of the straight and lateral (in kilograms) and speed in units of the second and parts for the purpose Take advantage.
 Identify the amount of punch speed (per second) of the box.
 Identify the strength of the punching (kg) of the boxer.
 Determine the strengths and weaknesses of the boxer in terms of the strength of the punch and its speed to be handled by the coach based on the digital readings given by the device

This study aims to investigate the effects of two different methods of Fartlek training on the physical and functional adaptation of young football players, with a particular focus on improving cardiac muscle efficiency and its role in fatigue resistance during matches. The research examines physical and physiological differences before and after implementing the training program to determine the effectiveness of these methods in enhancing athletic performance. The sample was deliberately selected from the players of the Naft Al-Basra Football Club, participating in the Iraqi Professional League for the 2024–2025 season, with a total of 24 players. Specific tests and measurements related to the studied variables were utilized to assess the outcomes.

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between the scale of data and information collection and the scale of strategy design for administrators of administrative bodies participating in the Iraqi Premier League in football, as the researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships. The research sample included the administrative bodies of the Premier League football clubs in Iraq for the sports season (2023-2024), where the research community consisted of (191) and the research sample consisted of (191) administrators. As for the time frame, it was determined during the period from (12/21/2023 to 10/15/2024). The researcher will conclude through the results he reached that there is a significant correlation between the scale of data and information collection and the scale of strategy design for administrators of administrative bodies participating in the Iraqi Premier League in football. The researcher noted that the research sample has sufficient information that enables them to answer the phrases of the two scales. The researcher also recommended that there is an urgent need for the administrative bodies participating in the Iraqi Premier League in football to pay attention to collecting data and information for administrative bodies as well as designing the strategy.

An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone Research Summary: Achieving sports success depends on physical, skill and planning aspects through the use of different training plans during the preparation period for sports competitions. With the development in the field of training, it has become the duty of the coach not to neglect the psychological aspect represented in developing different principles, including motivational traits and emotional balance. Through the researcher’s review of scientific sources and references in the fields of sports psychology, he found a lack of psychological studies that addressed this topic. With the rapid progress of psychology in modern times, sports psychology has become an important branch of this science, as coaches believe that achieving sports success depends on physical, skill and tactical aspects through the use of different training plans during the preparation period for sports competitions. With the development in the field of training, it has become the duty of the coach not to neglect the psychological aspect represented in developing different principles, including motivational traits and emotional balance. Through the researcher's review of scientific sources and references in the fields of sports psychology, he found a lack of psychological studies that addressed this topic. Also, through the interviews conducted by the researcher with football coaches and some experts, he noted that there is a lack of interest by coaches in the aspects that concern the psychological preparation of advanced players. The research aims to (identify the variables of motivation and causal attribution among football players. Also, identify the correlation between motivational traits and causal attribution among football players.)
The researcher has imposed a correlation between the motivational variables and causal attribution among elite club football players for the
Research Summary: Achieving sports success depends on physical, skill and planning aspects through the use of different training plans during the preparation period for sports competitions. With the development in the field of training, it has become the duty of the coach not to neglect the psychological aspect represented in developing different principles, including motivational traits and emotional balance. Through the researcher’s review of scientific sources and references in the fields of sports psychology, he found a lack of psychological studies that addressed this topic. With the rapid progress of psychology in modern times, sports psychology has become an important branch of this science, as coaches believe that achieving sports success depends on physical, skill and tactical aspects through the use of different training plans during the preparation period for sports competitions. With the development in the field of training, it has become the duty of the coach not to neglect the psychological aspect represented in developing different principles, including motivational traits and emotional balance. Through the researcher's review of scientific sources and references in the fields of sports psychology, he found a lack of psychological studies that addressed this topic. Also, through the interviews conducted by the researcher with football coaches and some experts, he noted that there is a lack of interest by coaches in the aspects that concern the psychological preparation of advanced players. The research aims to (identify the variables of motivation and causal attribution among football players. Also, identify the correlation between motivational traits and causal attribution among football players.)
The researcher has imposed a correlation between the motivational variables and causal attribution among elite club football players for the

The aim of the research is to use the guided practice strategy in learning the blocking skill in volleyball for second-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Basic Education, University of Diyala. It also aims to examine the impact of using the guided practice strategy in learning the blocking skill in volleyball among the research sample. The researcher used an experimental method with two groups (experimental and control), along with pre- and post-tests, as the most suitable approach to address the research problem. The research sample was randomly selected by lottery from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Basic Education, University of Diyala, for the academic year 2023/2024, consisting of 50 students, with 25 students in each group. The experimental group was represented by Division (A), while the control group was represented by Division (B).
The researcher concluded that using the guided practice strategy significantly contributed to improving the blocking skill among students, as they were able to learn and perform the movement with greater accuracy and effectiveness. Direct guidance during the guided practice exercises positively impacted the students' ability to understand the technical fundamentals of the blocking skill, helping them develop more effective defensive strategies, It is recommended to continuously apply the guided practice strategy in volleyball training to improve the learning of defensive skills, especially blocking, with an emphasis on identifying and correcting errors during practice. Immediate feedback should be used during instruction to correct mistakes as they occur, which helps improve learning and motivates students to enhance their performance.

The research aimed to identify the levels of psychological stress among first division football players at Al-Bahri Sports Club. It also aimed to identify the levels of psychological differentiation among first division football players at Al-Bahri Sports Club. Research Methodology: The researchers used a descriptive survey approach for its suitability for solving the research problem and achieving its objectives. The research community included first division football players in Basra Governorate for the 2024 -2025 season. The sample was divided into a exploratory sample of (10) players, and a main application sample, using the deliberate method, from Al-Bahri Sports Club, of (25) players. After processing the data using the SPSS Ver. 29 statistical program, a set of conclusions were reached, including: There is a significant correlation between the psychological differentiation scale and psychological stress among first division football players. Football players are characterized by a high level of differentiation, which is positively reflected in the psychological stress among first division football players.

Sports training is a purposeful and directed educational process with scientific planning for the numbers of players at various levels of physical, skill, strategic, psychological and cognitive to reach the highest levels. The research problem was to note that most of the coaches overlook the use of ballistic training method, both in terms of skill and tactics within their training curricula and commensurate with the age group, which led to a weakness in their performance in terms of kinetic duties, skills and plans in the field of play, and the research aims to prepare exercises in the style of ballistic training on some skill and tactical variables to develop the offensive performance of football players and identify their impact on some skill and tactical variables to develop offensive performance, The researcher assumes that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-test of the experimental and control groups and in favor of the post-test there are statistically significant differences between the post-tests of the experimental and control groups In favor of the experimental group, the researcher used the experimental method, and the research sample consisted of (20) players from the Police Sports Club for the junior category were divided into two experimental and control groups, the researcher concluded the effect of exercises on some skill and tactical variables, so the researcher recommends the attention of trainers using ballistic training in Develop skill and tactical abilities in their training curricula.

The aim of the research is to prepare rehabilitation exercises associated with electrical stimulation according to the degree of pain for players of racket games with simple muscular rupture of the nearby muscles of the rounded palm, identifying the effect of the rehabilitative exercises associated with electrical stimulation according to the degree of pain in the strength of the shoulder muscles, the shoulder joint elasticity, the movement extent of the shoulder belt, the reduction of the level of pain V.A.S)) For the shoulder muscles for players of the racket games with simple muscle rupture of the nearby muscles of the rounded cuff, and I adopted the experimental research curriculum by designing one experimental group, and included the boundaries of the search community for the players of the racket games with simple muscle rupture of the nearby muscles of the rounded cuff who attended the Karkh General Hospital/Physiotherapy Division in Baghdad, whose total number (6) injured, All of them were chosen for the research sample in a comprehensive inventory by (100 %) of their community, and the tests were identified for seven dependent variables, and the preparation of (18) rehabilitation sessions and their application in the research experience, and after the end of the experimentation, the results of the tribal and dimensional tests were addressed by the SPSS system so that the conclusions and recommendations are that the qualified exercises accompanying electrical stimulation according to the degree of pain are appropriate for the sessions For players of rackets with simple muscle rupture of the nearby muscles of the rounded cuff, and applying them a positive effect on the strength of the shoulder muscles, and the elasticity of the shoulder joint, The motor range of the shoulder belt, and the reduction of the level of pain degree V.A.S) for the shoulder muscles of the racket games with simple muscle rupture of the nearby muscles of the rounded palm, and it is necessary to pay attention to the transitional rest between electrical stimulation and the application of rehabilitation exercises, and it is necessary to adopt the type of stream (T Simple).

The research aimed to prepare maximum load training in some of the physical abilities of young handball players and to identify some of the physical abilities of young handball players and also to identify the impact of maximum load training on some physical abilities of young handball players, As for the hypotheses of the research, the researchers imposed a statistically significant difference between the test (after - after), for the two groups (control - experimental), in some of the physical abilities of young players in handball, The researchers used the experimental approach with two experimental and control groups to suit the nature of the research problem, representing the research community with the players of Maysan Governorate youth handball clubs for the season (2023-2024), which numbered (7) clubs, namely (Maysan Oil, Tigris, Ahrar Maysan, Kahala, Sugar, Martyr Saad Khalaf Suef, Al-Maimouna) and registered with the lists of the sub-federation of handball for Maysan Governorate, numbering (104) players, The sample was deliberately selected and they are the players of the club (Martyr Saad Khalaf Soueif), who number (14) players, and their percentage represented (13.46%) of the research community, As for the most important conclusions of the study, the researchers concluded that the use of these exercises in the training curricula for handball, has an effective role in improving performance.

The goal of research is to study an evaluation of the most important physical and motor capabilities and the percentage of its contribution to performing the skills of dodging and scoring with football, The time field for the period is determined from (2/9/2024) to (10/30/2024). The researcher used the descriptive approach in the method of correlation, and the research sample consisted of (24) players of the Maysan Governorate clubs in the advanced football, and the researcher applied the test for the research and extracted the scientific foundations for it, and the SPSS system was used to obtain the research results, and the researcher concluded that the most important capabilitiesPhysical and special mobility contributed highly to the performance of my void skills and scoring with football.
The researcher used the descriptive approach using the method of correlation and predictive relations. The research sample consisted of (25) players from the junior football clubs of Maysan Governorate. The researcher applied the research test. And extracting its scientific foundations, and the (SPSS) system was used to obtain the research results, and the researcher concluded that the independent variables contributed a high percentage to the complex skill performance, as well as deriving a predictive equation through which the complex skill performance can be predicted in terms of the most important motor abilities in the research sample. Based on the results and conclusions he reached, the researcher recommended that coaches should pay attention to motor abilities, as they are one of the basic requirements that affect athletic skill performance, as well as adopting predictive equations as an indicator of players' condition in complex skill performance in the future. The researcher recommended according to the results and conclusions he reached; The coaches should be concerned with physical and motor capabilities, as they are one of the basic requirements that affect the skill performance, as well as adopting contribution rates as an indication of the training status of players in physical and motor capabilities by performing the dodging and scoring skills.

The research aimed to identify the effectiveness and impact of the frequency of feedback in learning the elevation of the niter for juniors, as the researcher used the experimental approach for the equivalent experimental groups and random control selection with pre- and post-tests in order to suit the nature of the research problem as the researcher identified the research community of the emerging lifters in Diyala province distributed over three clubs, namely (Diyala - Khalis - Muqdadiya) for the season2024, numbering (22) weightlifters, and the research sample was represented by the foursome of the Khalis Weightlifting Club, which numbered (10) lifters divided into two groups that were randomly selected by lottery, the experimental group consisted of (5) lifters, as well as the control group consisted of (5) lifters, two exploratory experiments were conducted on Saturday 11-1-2025 and the pre-test was conducted on Monday, 13-1-2025, Behind the main experience on Saturday, 18-1-2025 until 28-2-2025 for a period of (6) weeks, by (3) training units per week, as the total training units reached (18) training units, frequent feedback was applied within training units using diversity in providing them to the weightlifters and according to the performance errors for each quarter, and the post-test was conducted on Monday, 3/354 at exactly four o'clock in the afternoon After that, the evidence was distributed and processed statistically, and then presented, analyzed and discussed, and the most important conclusions were: Frequent feedback contributed to increasing the coach's options for correction and performance guidance, and the most important recommendations: Adopting the method of frequency of nutrition in correcting performance errors in raising the netter for juniors.

The research aims to: construct and apply a scale of the reality of the performance of administrative leaders in Iraqi sports clubs from the perspective of coaches and players, and to identify the reality of the performance of administrative leaders in Iraqi sports clubs from the perspective of coaches and players. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the problem. The research community consists of coaches and players of the Iraqi Premier League football clubs and their players for the sports season (2024-2025), numbering (560) individuals, representing (20) clubs, and the research sample consists of (200) individuals, i.e. (35.714%) of the research community. The researcher prepared a questionnaire form for the scale to identify valid statements, which included (24) statements. The researcher adopted the Liker method in constructing the scale questionnaire, and based on that, a five-point scale was used to express the degree of agreement with each statement, which are (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree). After that, the researcher conducted a pilot experiment before the final application of the study at an appropriate time on a sample consisting of (10) individuals. After that, the scale was applied to the construction sample numbering (100) individuals. To complete the steps of constructing the scale of this study, the researcher carried out a statistical analysis of the scale phrases. By means of the statistical process, the availability of the scientific conditions for the scale, namely validity and reliability, is confirmed. After that, the researcher applied the administrative leadership performance scale consisting of (24) phrases to the application sample numbering (90) individuals. The results were statistically processed and discussed.

This research highlights the importance of designing and standardizing a composite test that combines shooting skill and dynamic visual accuracy in futsal. The aim is to provide an objective and precise evaluation of players' performance. The problem stems from the reliance on general visual tests that do not reflect the specific skill demands of futsal, necessitating the development of a more relevant assessment tool. The study aimed to design a composite test and identify the performance levels of first division futsal players in Dhi Qar Province. The descriptive survey method was employed, with a sample of 77 players representing five clubs. Results showed the test's effectiveness in field evaluation, with performance levels mostly concentrated in the "very good" and "good" categories. The researcher recommends that coaches and specialists adopt the designed test for player assessment and use the results to identify strengths and weaknesses and develop appropriate training programs.

The importance of this study lies in the novelty of its topic and the need for further research. It addresses a topic that, to the researcher's knowledge, has not been addressed previously in Iraqi and Arab studies. The current study also provides the construction of two scales to measure both (educational engagement and teaching skills). This study then attempts to identify the relationship between these variables, considering that purposeful orientations play a mediating role between educational engagement and teaching skills, and attempts to uncover the relationship between the research variables. The research problem was defined in the following main question: What is the relationship between educational engagement and teaching skills in volleyball for departments and faculties of physical education and sports sciences at the universities of the Middle Euphrates? The most important objectives are to identify the relationship between educational engagement and teaching skills for volleyball instructors. The research methodology was to achieve the research objectives. The researcher used the descriptive method with the survey method, due to its suitability to the nature of the problem, objectives and procedures of the research. As for the research community and sample, the research community represents the fourth-year students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of (Kufa) for the academic year (2024-2025), whose number is (64). The research sample was divided into (exploratory, application) samples and selected randomly. The research procedures were to apply the scales of educational engagement and teaching skills among volleyball teachers from the students’ point of view. The most important conclusions were the existence of a significant relationship for each of the dimensions of educational engagement in the following order (behavioral, emotional, affective, cognitive) with the teaching skills of the research sample. The most important recommendations are the necessity of enhancing educational engagement and its dimensions (cognitive, behavioral, affective, affective) among volleyball teachers in particular and among teachers of colleges and departments of physical education and sports sciences at Iraqi universities, as this reflects positively on their teaching skills.

The study aimed to determine the effect of CrossFit training on developing physical abilities in handball. It also aimed to solve the problem and find appropriate exercises that can be used and implemented in a proposed training method, especially since the youth are particularly susceptible to these exercises. The importance of these CrossFit training exercises lies in developing some of the physical abilities in handball among youth, providing clubs and national teams with strong players who utilize all their physical and skill capabilities and integrate them to achieve victory and decide the set and match. The most important conclusions were:
1. CrossFit training had a positive impact on developing the physical attributes of the experimental sample.

The importance of the research is highlighted by finding exercises that enhance the level of development, especially in the physical aspect in terms of speed for volleyball players, as raising the physical level necessary for the game, especially in performing defensive skills, requires enduring speed to reach the ball and perform blocking, receiving, or other defensive skills that are developed correctly in the selected exercises, which are descending on short slopes. The research problem was: The performance of young volleyball players. I noticed a decline in speed endurance, which affected the defensive skill performance, which requires the use of speed for long periods in performing the skills of receiving the serve, defending the court, and the continuous blocking wall. Therefore, there are some points that take a long time, which requires quick movement over that long period. This is due to the training used and the exercises set, which requires the researcher to address them with more effective exercises, such as trying short slope descent exercises, to determine the extent of the ability of these exercises to develop speed endurance and raise the level of young volleyball players. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of short-distance hill descent exercises on speed endurance and some defensive skills in youth volleyball. The experimental method was used, and the research sample was volleyball players of the Gas Al-Janoub Volleyball Club. After applying the slope descent exercises, the most important conclusions were reached. Short-distance hill descent exercises are among the exercises used scientifically and helped develop speed endurance and some defensive skills in youth volleyball. It was recommended to adopt the short-distance hill descent exercises used in the research because they help develop speed endurance and some defensive skills in youth volleyball.