Baghdad Science Journal

This research includes synthesizing new bis-Schi
bases linked to“N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) methyl]-8-
methyl-(E)-6-nonenamide” derivatives. This work involved ring opening of phathalic anhydride by hydroxyl groups
in “N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) methyl]-8-methyl-(E)-6-nonenamide” then, they were reacted with thiourea to
synthesize Schi
bases by the reaction of di
erent aldehydes. The rst step involved the condensation reaction between
“N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-8-methyl-(E)-6-nonenamide” (H) and phthalic anhydride to produce(H1). In
the second step, compound H1 was reacted with one mol of thiourea to produce maliamic compound (H2). The third
step involved the preparing of Schi
bases derivatives, by the reaction of (H2) with di
erent aldehyde to produce
compounds (H3 and H4). These compounds were characterized depending on their FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and the biological
study. The newly synthesized target compounds are expected to be very active biologically since their molecules are
essential components of two active groups (imine and amide).

Complications of diabetes have become one of the main problems that diabetics su
er from, especially during long
periods. One of these complications is diabetic nephropathy, as both glomeruli and tubules are exposed to brosis due
to diabetes. Recent years have witnessed great interest by researchers regarding diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed
to determine the level of ATPase and some of the relevant biochemical factors in patients with diabetes and diabetic
nephropathy compared with healthy controls. The study included 120 male and female (60 male and 60 female) ranging
in age (30-65) years old. Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes are subdivided into three groups on the basis of ACR criteria
including normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria (30 patients for each group). A control group of 30
healthy people was included. This study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City and Al-Yarmouk
Teaching Hospital during the period between December 2021 and May 2022 ATPase levels were determined using
the ELISA technique, and HbA1c was assessed using the I- chroma device. ATPase levels were found to be signicantly
increased in patient groups than in healthy control. On the basis of the obtained results in this study, we can be concluded
that Na-K ATPase can be applied as a reliable prognosticated factor between disease and normal cases. Furthermore,
area under the curve (ROC) analysis data revealed that ATPase was found to be a perfect marker for follow-up diabetic
nephropathy disease.

This study, vanadium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using the biosynthesis method. The resulting VO2 NPs are characterized by their cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and safety. Vanadium Nano oxide was prepared from vanadium sulfate monohydrate with a plant extract of Vitex agnus castus at a sodium hydroxide concentration of 0.1M. The reaction was carried out in an alkaline medium at pH range of 8-12, which were characterized by using many techniques such as; Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction XRD, transmission electron microscopy TEM, scanning electron microscopy SEM and EDX pattern. The crystal size of nanoparticles, determined using Debye Scherer's equation in X-ray diffraction, was measured at 16.66 nm, while vanadium oxide nanoparticles size was calculated by using SEM and TEM. Antimicrobial activities of vanadium oxide nanoparticles were studied against four strains of bacteria, two types of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniaas gram positive, two types of Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli as gram negative and one type of fungal such as Candida albicans to test the antifungal properties. Vanadium oxide nanoparticles showed different efficacy against these antimicrobials. Furthermore, the study explored the anticancer potential of the synthesized vanadium oxide nanoparticles on the SW480 cell line for colorectal cancer using the MTT assay at different concentrations. The results indicated that an increase in concentration led to a corresponding increase in the percentage of inhibition. The calculated inhibition half of the cells (IC50) was found to be 53 mg/ml, suggesting that these nanoparticles could be potentially used for the selective treatment of colon cancer.

The new azo dye was prepared from the reaction of the diazonium salt derived from 3-aminophenol with 2-hydroxyquinoline, then it was used to prepare a series of complexes with the chlorides of cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, platinum, palladium and ammonium molybdate. The ligand was identified by a proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the compounds were collected. The prepared materials were subjected to infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and mass spectrometry, as well as thermogravimetric analysis, differential calorimetry, and elemental analysis. Conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, metal content, and chlorine content of the complexes were also measured. The results showed that the ligand behaves in a trigonal behavior, and the proposed formula for it was correct, and that the complexes gave tetrahedral and octahedral shapes, except for palladium, square planar shape was given. The results also showed that the complexes contain water within the coordination field and that all of them are non-electrolytes. The dyeused the complexes prepared from it to determine their ability to inhibit free radicals by measuring their ability as antioxidants using DPPH as a free radical and ascorbic acid as a standard substance, and determining the value of IC50, as it was found that the ligand had a high ability to inhibit free radicals, and the ability to inhibit the complexes varied according to the value of IC50. The results are as follows (H2L ˃ Ascorbic acid ˃Cu-complex ˃Mo-complex ˃ Pt-complex ˃Ni-complex ˃ Pd-complex).

The objective of this study is to describe surface morphology using Continuous Flow Injection Analysis CFIA, Atomic Force Microscopy AFM, and the homemade NAG-4(sources)x3 with three solar cell Analyzer NAG-4SX3-3D analyzer. Using a novel method for determining both drugs via reaction of both drugs, the study aims to determine the roughness parameters of (white precipitate of loratadine with sodium nitroprusside and yellow precipitate of cyproheptadine hydrochloride with 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid) for the AFM sample. The main advantage of the proposed technique is its ability to compute the amount of nanoparticles that can fill the empty surface area. Starting with the first ground, the monolayer calculates the free surface area and determines the concentration of the participating nanoparticles on the surface. A microfluidic flow system is thus proposed to produce nanoparticles on a continuous basis by means of a chemical reaction between precipitation reagents and medicinal active ingredients. The flow mechanism allows for the smooth and clog-free synthesis of the nanoparticles. Each and every chemical and physical flow injection conditions were examined and fixed. The average diameters of cyproheptadine hydrochloride for the surface area of a scanned section with dimensions of 20529961 nm2 and 1.6601x10-15 nmol/grain are 96.73 nm, Grain No. 547, surface area of a single granule 29380.015706 nm2, and number of layers 4; for loratadine, the average diameters are 88.87 nm, Grain No. 434, surface area of a single granule 24799.333466 nm2, and number of layers 1 for the scanned section whose dimensions are 10762910.72 nm2 and 1.3804x10-12 nmol/grain.

Image processing plays vital role in medical sciences. Medical image processing reduces diagnosis time and cost. Early detection of cancer may reduce life risk. Earlier works on cancer detection mostly focused on specific organs and imaging modalities. This work aims a generalized framework for detecting tumors in various organs by analyzing different imaging modalities. Here, Cellular Automata helps in image segmentation through region growing, and deep learning algorithms made performance analysis in terms of accuracy and loss. Analyzing CT-Scan, MRI images of brain, breast, lungs, the proposed framework may assist to detect the region of mass being developed. Proposed CA-based segmentation technique segregates the region of interest or tumor area from its background. Segmentation through region growing is performed using Moore neighborhood concept. First, noise has been reduced using filters. Then enhanced image is converted into image matrix, and CA rule is applied to it for segmentation. Generally, area of the tumor appears with high-intensity values. Here, segmentation is done by identifying the high-intensity pixel values of the image and then gradually performing region growth to include entire tumor area. Deep learning algorithms are applied to transformed image set of cancer. Finally, performance analysis is made. The parameters of performance analysis are compared between transformed and original image sets, and the results obtained with the transformed image set produced higher accuracy than the results produced from original image set of tumors. The proposed framework may help medical practitioners in detecting tumors in different organs efficiently.

No genomic data for Hydra vulgaris was recorded in Iraq. DNA barcoding is a modern technique used for accurate identification that is more important than previous studies utilizing morphology characters. This study aims to investigate the identification of H. vulgaris based on genomic analysis using the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and construct a phylogenetic tree as the first study in Iraq. In our current investigation, we found species of Hydra from the Greater Zab River during June–July 2022, with average Water temperatures (25.1-29.6 °C), Hydrogen potential (pH) 7.5-7.8, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6.3-7 mg/l. As a result, the acquired sequencing data for H. vulgaris was registered in the GenBank database (OP521891.1) for the first time. There were minimal genetic differences across the same strains (zero - 0.09); however, there was maximum divergence (0.424 - 0.508) to other species due to geographic distribution. Also, applying phylogenetic methods such as Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, and Neighbor-Joining, it was verified that the Hydra species belongs to the 'vulgaris' group. According to aquatic parameters, only water temperature shows no significant correlation according to months (P < 0.05). In contrast, pH and Dissolved oxygen show significant (P > 0.05) differences according to period studies and are correlated with species. Finally, it should be noted that this particular strain is used as a bioindicator for ecology, adapted to environmental assessment and geographical location.

Nanotechnology has significant advantages over traditional methods for degrading dyes. Plant-based nanoparticles were generated apart from other biomaterials. This work employed a green sol-gel approach to prepare titanium dioxide nanoparticles by using Petai (Parkia speciosa) peel extract. The produced TiO2 was analyzed by XRD, UV-DRS, FE-SEM, FTIR, Raman, zeta, and nanoparticle size analysis. PP-TiO2 nanoparticles having a tetragonal anatase phase, spherical, stable particles, and a small particle size (16-22 nm) were successfully produced. When exposed to UV light, the nanoparticles displayed strong photocatalytic activity, eliminating Acid Yellow 25 in less than 120 minutes. This work demonstrates a possible green option to sustainable wastewater treatment based on TiO2 NPs.

Obesity, characterized by the accumulation of adipocytes, is associated with complications such as fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatosis, which can be fatal. This research investigates the properties use of Anredera cordifolia ethanol extract in reducing steatosis through microscopic analysis of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores (NAS) and immunohistochemical examination (IRS) of PPARγ expression in hepatic cells and abdominal fat tissue in obese Wistar rats .Significant differences were observed in overall steatosis scores among groups (p < 0.005), with the control group (K1) exhibiting markedly higher scores compared to all treatment groups (P50, P100, P150; P < 0.005). Additionally, significant differences in NAS scores were found between the K1 and K2 groups (P < 0.05), as well as among the K0 and K1 groups (P < 0.05). A significant difference in PPARγ IRS was noted between K0 and K2 groups and all treatment groups (P50, P100, P150; P < 0.05). Similarly, a significant difference was observed among the K2 group and all treatment groups (P < 0.05), as well as among the K1 and a higher-dose treatment group (P100, P150). Beyond reducing abdominal circumference and adipose tissue in the abdomen, the anti-obesity effect of A. cordifolia extract was evident in reducing hepatic steatosis, potentially mediated through the downregulation of PPARγ expression

This work assessed the efficacy of A. donax L. (giant reed) in outdoor hybrid-built wetland (HCW) experiments for the removal of the Cr (VI), from KCPS refinery effluents (32 km southwest of Erbil, Iraq). Results showed that A. donax L. macrophyte experienced an excellent adaptation and tolerance of the highly polluted effluent by Cr (VI), based on their significant biomass output and perfect survival rate over the entire 91-day experiment. The Cr (VI) concentrations taken from the outlet samples of HCWs (planted with A. donax L.) ranged from (0.04 to 0.12 mg/l), with a mean value of (0.07 ± 0.057 mg/l), which approached the Cr (VI) safe limit set by international guidelines. The HCWs planted with A. donax L. showed a high Cr (VI) removal rate of (88.12%) with a removal capacity of (3.34 mg/day/g). The highest accumulated Cr (VI) concentration was (925.11 mg/plant) in roots, (193.71 mg/plant) in stems and (115.1 mg/plant) in leaves. The phytoextraction potential of A. donax L. by both bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) also underwent evaluation. Bioaccumulation factor values of (14.24), (8.46) and (68.02) were calculated for stems, leaves and roots, respectively, and the TF value was (0.33), proposing that A. donax L. has a good capacity of Cr (VI) phytostabilization from the KCPS refinery effluent, as revealed in elevated BAF (>1) and TF value (< 1) in plant parts, which showed that the A. donax L. is not a Cr-hyperaccumulator under these conditions of the experiment.

Duku, also known as Lancium domesticum Corr, is a plant native to Jambi Province, Indonesia, which is currently facing a sudden death disease. The plant generally grows in the alluvial of the Batanghari River, which is among the widest and longest rivers in Indonesia. Duku is consumed as a fresh fruit that tastes sweet and contains many antioxidants. The phenomenon of duku disease has the potential to cause scarcity, as its population continues to decline. The disease begins with root rot and is prevalent in areas that are often flooded due to the overflow of the Batanghari River. This study aimed to investigate the physiological aspects of sudden death in duku seedlings grown at different water levels. The study involved three treatments on seedlings, each repeated three times, using planting media with different water contents - Field Capacity (100% FC = control), 150% FC (flooded), and 50% FC (drought). Planting media were derived from heavily infested duku fields. This study suggests that sudden death syndrome is more likely to occur under drought and waterlogged conditions. The results showed that stomatal conductance decreased significantly under flooded and drought conditions. However, under drought stress conditions (50% FC), photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2, and respiration rate increased.

The method of thermal spraying with flame, which was used to conduct a coating consisting of a nickel base and additions of three groups—(C=Ni-WC-B4C), (B=Ni-B4C), and (A=Ni-WC)—and with different reinforcement ratios from these groups, forms the basis of cermet coating. The bases for thermal spraying were made by roughing up and cutting out-of-service turbine blades that were 1 cm square in shape. The spray angle 90°, spray distance of 15cm, thermal sintering temperature of 1050°C, and mixing ratio of type (C=50%Ni-25%WC-25%B4C) of the three mixes were at their ideal standard conditions. The results of the scanning electron microscope showed nearly good mechanical homogeneity and crosslinking at the same percentage above, especially after the thermal sintering process. It was discovered that the hardness is (240Hv), the adhesion strength is (39MPa), and the best coating thickness at each of the hardness and adhesion strength is (1.5mm). The (C) mixture, which had superior structural, physical, and mechanical capabilities compared to the (B) and (A) combinations, was also reported to have produced the best outcomes.

This article aims to investigate the effect of material surface stress on the propagation of Love waves in a rotating, homogeneous, initially stressed orthotropic elastic solid with impedance-type boundary conditions. For deriving Love waves, the basic equations are solved with the help of the traditional wave solution method. Secular equations about Love waves are computed as a function of surface stress, rotation, and initial stress. The effects of initial compression and surface stress have been discussed numerically using MATLAB for a particular model.

Using the well-known least-squares weighted residual method (LSM) in coupling with various degrees of Touchard polynomials (TPs), found the numerical solutions of Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations (VFIDEs) and mixed Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations (MIDEs) of the second kind. There exist many approaches that have evaluated the approximate solution of the integro-differential equations (VFIDEs (MIDEs)) like the Adomian decomposition method and modified Adomian decomposition method, Homotopy analysis method, Taylor polynomials, power series expansion and cubic Legendre spline collocation method. In this work, we presented a method based on combining LSM with TPs is an essential component of the suggested approach. By implementing such a method, a system of algebraic equations can be generated that can be solved by employing well-known linear algebraic methods.
Several VFIDEs (MIDEs) examples were solved with a comparatively minimal number of reiterations to show the accuracy and effectiveness of the presented approach when comparing the current method with other methods already accessible in the scientific literature, as well as from the approximate solutions of each of these situations, researchers found that there was an apparent agreement with the exact solutions for some examples. The applicability of the proposed method was proven and the convergence analysis was discussed.

The present paper investigates the role of fear and predator dependent refuge in the prey-predator system. The system describes the interaction between prey and a stage structure of predator that incorporates Holling II functional response. The predator splits into two compartments immature (juvenile) and mature (adult). The mature predators can hunt and reproduce but this capability is not found in the immature predators, the immature depend on their parents. The growth rate of prey decreases due to the existence of mature predators. The existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of the solution of the system are investigated. Three equilibrium points of the system are determined. The local stability of the system is studied. The global stability of the axial equilibrium point is discussed using the appropriate Lyapunov function, while the basin of attraction of the positive equilibrium point is investigated. The persistence constraints of the system are established. The local and Hopf bifurcation analyses of the system are examined. Lastly, numerical simulations are given to ensure the theoretical results with the help of Matlab program (version R2018b). It is found that the effect of fear plays a substantial role in the dynamic of the system. On the other hand, the refuge's coefficient continuously affects the system. Furthermore, the variation of the refuge's coefficient by utilizing different initial points leads to a change in the behavior of the system from stable to unstable and conversely.

This article introduces an integral representation formula to solve delay nonlinear ordinary differential equations (DDEs) as an improvment to the method proposed by Tyukin. I, at el. of solving a class of ordinary differential equations. The integral formula depends on the parameters of the systems explicitly as nonlinear parameterized computable functions. It features both linear and nonlinear equations and show an effective form for estimating unknown parameters. Solutions of DDEs are represented as sums of computable integrals which are implicitly dependent on the initial condition and the unknown parameters. This allows invoking parallel computational streams using Matlab tools of sums to increase the speed of calculations. On the other hand, reducing the dimension of the vector of the unknown parameters proposed by the integral representation method gives faster calculations and high accuracy in advance. Estimating the parameters appears in the model by using the least squares approach. It provides an observation model to determine the most informative data for a specific parameter, and find the best fit model. In the example of Morris-Lecar of neural cells model, the consistency of delay differential equations with the observers of cell’s activation is shown by fitting the observed data to the real data within the high accuracy of estimating the parameters.

In many studies, spectral methods based on one of the orthogonal polynomials and weighted residual methods (WRMs) have been used to convert the distributed-order fractional differential equation (DOFDEs) into a system of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations, and then solve this system to obtain the approximate solution. In this paper, a numerical method is presented for solving DOFDEs. The approximate solution is imposed as an orthogonal Chelyshkov polynomial with unknown coefficients. The required coefficients are obtained using WRMs, which transform the DOFDEs into a system of algebraic coefficients. The Mittag-Leffler function is proposed as a suitable weight function. The method has been applied to several numerical examples, such as oscillatory mathematical model, and the distributed order fractional Bagley-Torvik equation. Acceptable results were obtained in most tests. The proposed Mittag-Leffler weight method is compared with the WRMs such as Galerkin method, Petrov-Galerkin method and least square method, and the proposed weighted function showed more accurate results than the previous methods in most tests. The study showed that the effect of the test polynomials such as Chebyshev, Jacobi, Legendre, Gegenbauer, Hermite, Taylor, Mittag-Leffler, and Bernstein polynomials has a small impact on most tests. In addition, the impact of the distributed order on the accuracy of the solution was studied, and the results show that the distributed order has a strong impact on the accuracy of the solution, as its impact is direct on the non-homogeneous part, which leads to more complex equations than in cases where the orders are fixed.

This paper studies the oscillation properties and asymptotic behavior of all solutions of the 2×2 system of second-order half-linear neutral differential equations. Four results are obtained in this research. The first and second results are auxiliary results while the third and fourth results are main results. All possible cases of non-oscillating bounded solutions for this system are estimated and analyzed. It is noted that the parameters that affect the volatility of the solutions are Qi,Ri on the one hand and r1 and r2 on the other hand. For this purpose, and through investigation, it is shown that there are only fourteen possible cases of non-oscillating bounded solutions for this system, so all these cases must be treated, in the first result as well as the second, some new necessary and sufficient conditions were obtained to ensure that there are no non-oscillating bounded solutions in these cases, and thus all possible solutions for this system, if they exist, will be only oscillating solutions and there are no non-oscillating solutions for this type of equations. Some examples are included to illustrate all the results obtained.

This paper analyzes the M/G (P1, P2)/1 queue using a single server that provides essential services in both the first phase (FPS) and the second phase (SPS). It was assumed that the server undertakes unreliability due to starting failure (SF) during the beginning of the first phase with probability (α) or service begins by the idle server successfully with probability (1- α) for the arriving or retrial customer. Then immediately took the failed server for repair and launched the customer into orbit. Also, the server operates at varying rates instead of fully ceasing service during its vacation. After returning from vacation, the server resumes normal operations for the customers. It also discussed the system, orbit size, and other significant metrics, utilizing the supplementary variable technique (SVT) and the probability generating function (PGF). Applications for this retrial queueing system incorporating the model and a general decomposition law were discussed. Numerical analysis was established to examine the impact of different factors on the system's efficiency. MATLAB software was used to establish several impacts of the system's behavioral measures.

Suzuki used a brilliant strategy in his seminal publications to expand the Banach contraction theorem (BCT). This has undergone numerous intriguing generalizations and extensions during the past few decades and led to a new trend of coincidence and fixed points for countless Suzuki-type contractive and non-expansive maps in the various spaces. In this article, in the setup of ƀ-metric spaces, the aim is to produce a common fixed point of three mappings subjected to a generalized contraction of the Suzuki type. The present work generalizes well- known results of Suzuki, Chandra et al., Roshan et al. and several other results available in the literature. An applied illustration in which graphical and computational analysis has been performed accords the exploratory verification of the produced work making the results more adaptable by a wider class of researchers. The iterative analysis based on iterative methods in the illustration is also supported by an algorithm. Furthermore, an application of the present work to the system of functional equations in dynamic programming shows how the present results are usable. Finally, an example is given to justify the application of the present work.

The Golden Eagle Optimization (GEO) algorithm is another amazing nature inspired optimization algorithm based on the foraging behavior of the Golden Eagles. GEO is an excellent behavioral model of how Golden Eagles interact with one another while searching for prey, consisting of a population of virtual "eagles" that together represent potential solutions to the optimization problem. The "eagles" interact with one another and together communicate and move as a single unit towards something, in this case the optimal solution. In this paper, we expand upon this idea with a new version of the GEO algorithm, called Wavelet Mutation Golden Eagle Optimization (WMGEO). WMGEO introduces a wavelet mutation function into the GEO framework, which will allow the WMGEO algorithm to allow greater exploration and improved overall algorithm performance when solving difficult optimization problems. The WMGEO algorithm ultimately aims to resolve certain constraints exhibited in the GEO algorithm. WMGEO in particular aims to improve the quality of solution, speed of solution convergence, and stability of solution. A variety of benchmark test functions are used to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method. The benchmark functions are divided into several categories, which provide a variety of challenges for WMGEO. These test functions fall into different types, which means these tests represent a comprehensive and diverse set of challenges for WMGEO. The results of the experiments show a strong impression of the algorithm. There are significant advancements regarding solution quality and convergence speed and consequently solution stability compared to the traditional GEO algorithm. This reinforces the promise and potential for WMGEO as an optimization technique illustrating greater efficacy than its predecessor across multiple options.

The provision of feedback is an essential element in the process of enhancing the performance of an organization. With precise feedback, errors and possibilities for improvement can be determined. The purpose of every survey is to accurately capture individuals’ real feelings. Today, the majority of feedback data is stored in a database system, However, a lack of confidence in the database system results in inaccurate or partially compromised feedback. Blockchain is an innovative and promising technology that decreases security risks, eliminates fraud, and provides unprecedented levels of transparency to ensure feedback system efficiency. It is a decentralized ledger that has earned widespread attention in numerous industries. This paper investigates the use of a digital feedback management system based on blockchain technology in educational institutions that could be used to keep individual survey results safe and accurate. The proposed framework involves developing a suitable design for a feedback management system and verification of every feedback result. The system was implemented using the Java programming language. The performance of the proposed system was tested by using the number of transactions processed per second(throughput). Experimental results showed the system can verify 200 transactions in 3 seconds. In addition, the test demonstrated that the system retrieves 100–400 transactions in less than a second and 500–1000 transactions in less than 2 seconds. The throughput results were compared to the same metrics taken for several common applications. The suggested system achieved a high level of throughput when compared to several popular blockchain-based applications.

The idea of Blockchain has infused various fields of study, and its widespread adoption is projected to grow exponentially in the near future. By executing concise pre-defined code snippets known as smart contracts on the Blockchain, the need for intermediaries can be eliminated, and the number of contract executions can be significantly increased. The application of blockchain technology and smart contracts, in conjunction with machine learning methods, to IoMT-based e-healthcare is critically examined in this article. The goal of this project is to investigate how automation and decentralisation might improve healthcare. Integrating these components offers the chance to handle medical data securely, privately, and transparently while facilitating easy communication between patients, healthcare professionals, and insurers. A special architectural model designed for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in e-healthcare is suggested to illustrate the aforementioned problem. In order to improve effectiveness, dependability, and scalability in medical settings, this paradigm makes use of decentralisation and smart contracts. The paper also addresses the approach's possible advantages, difficulties, and upcoming developments. Empirical data highlights the potential of the suggested architecture to transform the delivery of medical services by demonstrating its superiority over conventional approaches, especially in terms of packet delivery, latency, and energy efficiency.

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is a processing technique that is widely-spread in di
erent biological and medical
application which stimulates or inhibits cellular processes through releasing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS
and RNS, respectively) in biological systems. In this study, it was investigated that the impact of NTP on oxidative stress
and antioxidant capacity markers, as well as the e
ect of NTP on the copy number of Hepatitis C virus (HCV RNA).
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was used to generate the NTP. The results showed that the exposure of HCV
specimen to NTP causes oxidative stress, RNA damage, Protein denaturation, decrease total antioxidant capacity, and
decreased copy numbers of HCV RNA in serum samples. In general, these results indicated that the NTP produced by
DBD clearly decreases the level of total antioxidant capacity which reects the total cooperative activities of antioxidants
found in the serum.

Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) is a promising step in expanding hard disk capacity. This technique
depends on the ultrafast laser to demagnetize the layer and record the data on a hard disk or any storage media. However,
the recipe for the layers is challenging and gives a space to explore. The investigation of the e
ects of temperature prole
and thermal gradient on the suggested sample FePt (8 nm)/MgO (8 nm)/SiO2 (58 nm)/Si (9.32 E-7 m) for HAMR use was
the focus of this study. The simulation of the multilayered gives a view of ultrafast laser behavior (power density 1.7923
E14 W/m2 with an 800 nm wavelength) inside the sample stack. The optical consideration is calculated depending on
the incident, reected, and transmitted light on the surface between layers. Sample layer thickness plays a crucial role
in reducing laser power. The temperature gradient inside the sample helps choose the appropriate laser power, which
is used with the HAMR technique. Results show the inuence of temperature on sample thickness and temperature as
laser power. Then, it is obvious which thickness and power laser can be used eciently.

In this study, new folic acid (B9) derivatives (a–d) were synthesized by reacting diazonium salt (of folic acid) with
di
erent aromatic compounds including 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, pyrocatechol, or resorcinol. One of Schi
bases (I)
was prepared by reacting folic acid with 4-amino benzaldehyde. Then, azo compound (e) was synthesized by coupling
Schi
base with 1-naphthol. The new azo compounds (a–e) were identied by FTIR, 1HNMR spectroscopy, and by
measurements of some physical properties. The current work investigated the physical characteristics of compounds
(a–e) in order to select the best corrosion inhibitor. 6-311G+/(d, p) base set and Density Functional Theory (DFT) were
employed to evaluate inhibition e
ectiveness. Physical features including ionization energy, dipole moment, softness,
and hardness were calculated for compounds occupied orbitals (energy gap). It is found that compound e is the most
e
ective corrosion inhibitor, followed by compounds c, and then d with medium eciency. The (HOMO-LUMO) state
was discussed. Also, antibacterial activity of compounds (a–e) against four kinds of bacteria including Escherichia coli,
Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. Compounds a and b were found highly active
against all these types of bacteria, whereas c and e were moderately active against bacteria.

We aimed to assess the e
ect of probiotic supplementation on type 2 diabetes (T2D) related variables. Randomized
controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically searched from PubMed, Springer-link and Scopus data bases published
between 2016 and 2020. Collected studies were independently assessed for eligibility, data extracted and evaluated for
risk of bias. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1. The e
ects of probiotics were assessed for: body
mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis, model assessment-estimated
insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). From 1702 identied studies, eight trials were eligible for systematic
review and six were included in the nal meta-analysis. Probiotic strain levels increased without any change on
microbiota diversity. Abundant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and
Cyanobacteria. Signicant e
ects were found for FBG (SMD –0.53) and HOMA-IR (SMD –0.61). No signicant e
ect
were found for BMI (MD –0.55 kg/m2), HbA1c (MD –0.13%), insulin (MD –1.77 U/mL), TG (SMD –0.17), TC (SMD
–0.13), LDL-C (SMD –0.09), HDL-C (SMD 0.21), SBP (MD –3.42 mmHg), DBP (MD –2.27 mmHg) and hs-CRP (SMD
–0.05). No serious adverse events were reported for eligible trials, no important heterogeneity for FBG and HOMA-IR
and no signicant publication bias were found. Our ndings indicate that the probiotic has a signicant e
ect on FBG
and HOMA-IR. Also, they improve BMI, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, HbA1c, insulin, hs-CRP, SBP and DBP

To prepare a new ligand, many compounds were used to synthesize Schi
-Mannich base, such as isatin, Para chloro
Aniline, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and indole. The resulting compound 1-((2-((1H-indol-1-ylthio)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-
1-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenylimino)indolin-2-one (L). (L) was used to create a series of metal ion complexes with Co
(II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Pd (II), Pt (IV), and Au (III). C.H.N.S., FTIR, mass spectra UV-ViS, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, magnetic
moment, and molar conductivity were used to characterize all of these compounds. Except for the palladium(II) and
gold(III) complexes, all of the produced complexes had an octahedral geometry, according to the data. The antibacterial
activity of the produced compounds was tested by using gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungi at a
concentration 0.02M. The study showed that cobalt and nickel complexes are the most e
ective among them. Theoretical
study was conducted using the Hyper-chem program to calculate the standard heat of formation and binding energy for
all prepared compounds, in addition to calculating the highest occupied molecular orbital by electrons and the lowest
unoccupied molecular orbital, in addition to calculating the vibration frequencies for ligand.

In this study, a novel series of compounds, derived from the drug naproxen, was synthesized, this series includes
carbamates, ureas, semicarbazides, and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, and the synthesis was achieved through a multi-step
synthetic approach. Initially, hydrazide (1) was prepared by reacting naproxen amino acid ester with hydrazine hydrate,
followed by its conversion to naproxen glycine azide (2) through treatment with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid.
Azide (2) was then subjected to thermal decomposition via Curtius rearrangement to yield isocyanate (3). Isocyanate
(3) was subsequently reacted with various reagents, such as water, alcohol, amine, concentrated hydrochloric acid,
hydrazine, and naproxen hydrazide, resulting in the formation of symmetrical urea (4), carbamates (5a-e), ureas (6a-d),
hydrochloride salt (7) semicarbazides (8), and (11). Furthermore, compound (9) was synthesized by reuxing semicarbazide
(8) with acetyl chloride, and both compounds (9 and 11) were subsequently converted into 1,2,4-triazol-5-one
derivatives (10 and 12) through a cyclization reaction. In a parallel line of research, nucleophilic substitution reactions
were performed on hydrazide (1) using acetyl chloride, aryl sulfonyl chloride (benzene or toluene), and terephthaloyl
chloride, yielding substituted hydrazide derivatives (13, 15a-b, and 16), respectively. Diamide compounds (13, 16) were
further cyclized with ammonium acetate to produce 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (14, 17). The progression of these chemical
reactions were monitored using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and synthesized compounds were identied using
IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant properties of these compounds were extensively assessed,
contributing to the development of novel derivatives with potential applications in pharmacology and medicinal
chemistry.

Modern machine-learning applications require GPUs, and modern platforms can leverage numerous GPUs on one or
more machines to increase performance. Contemporary deep-learning models are too huge for CPU or GPU training.
Training these models with many GPUs without performance degradation is necessary to train them rapidly and
maximize GPU consumption. Thus, training deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) with multiple GPUs has become
necessary for improving training. Therefore, we presented a parallel design and development of an ecient model for
enhancing face mask CNN performance and improving resource eciency. This DCNN model is a parallel training
system over multiple GPUs, a multi-core CPU, and a multi-process GPU platform with large batch size and learning rate
involvement to optimize resource use across storage, conguration and scaling using large datasets. the proposed model
contains two parts, the rst one is used for specifying and extracting the faces using the Haar Cascade classier, and the
second one considers the core part that extracts features from facial images for classication. As a result, the average
speed of a multi-GPU is about 2.7 times faster than the GPU and about 3.2 times faster than the CPU. Also, according
to our evaluation results, the training time obtained using multiple GPUs and multiple processes is much smaller than
that obtained using a single GPU single process. Parallel training on multiple GPUs improves GPU resource utilization
and training throughput. This model reects signicant accuracy compared to the other commonly used methods from
relevant articles by achieving an Accuracy score of 99.5%.