Wasit Journal for Human Sciences

ABSTRACT
The present study aims at the following :
1. Flexible thinking of the graduate students .
2. The significance of differences in flexible thinking according to the variables of (gender, specialty, and education).
To fulfil these aims, the researcher the researcher prepared a test to measure the flexible thinking according to the theory of Guilford (Guilford, 1973) and after the confirmation of the validity of the tool through the indicators of, honesty, fortitude the researcher applied the instruments on a sample of (216) of the graduate students, and after collecting the data and processing it statistically using the one-sample t test and the analysis of multilateral variance, , the results showed:
1. the graduate students enjoy flexible thinking.
2. There is no statistically significant difference in flexible thinking according to the variables of (gender, specialty, and certificate) .
In light of the results that have been reached and as a complement to the research, the researcher presented some of the recommendations and proposed a set of suggest

The research dealt with the problem of controlling children’s behavior by the parents, where the educators’ attitudes towards educational punishment are among the important problems in the conduct of the educational process inside and outside home. A. Degrees of educational punishment for middle school students’ b. The significance of the differences in the degrees of educational punishment for students of the secondary school c. Educators' attitudes to the use of punishment for middle school students One of the most important results of the research is summarized with four objectives, as a. identify ing the reality and use of school punishment by educators in the secondary school b. Identifying the positive and negative consequences of using school punishment methods c. Identifying the attitudes of educators (the principal, the assistant, the teacher, and the guide) and the students towards the methods of school punishment and its alternatives d. Identifying the differences between educators' and students' attitudes towards school punishment methods and their alternatives among the most important recommendations a. School administration and teachers avoid using negative punishment methods b. Diversification of classroom and extra-curricular activities c. Emphasis on the prevention of the use of physical punishment methods, whether inside or outside the classroom.

The research aims to study the geographical distribution of oil fields in Wasit Governorate and its future prospects, as Wasit Governorate possesses great oil wealth and is distributed throughout the governorate’s regions, as two crude oil producing fields are concentrated in it: Al-Ahdab and Badra fields, While there are other fields under development, represented in the fields of (Dhafiriya, Umm Al-Zarazir, Al-Dujayla, Al-Shihabi, Zorbatiyah). The producing oil fields are located on an area of (399) km2, and the area of Al-Ahdab field is about (303 km2), while the Badra field is located on an area of (96) km2, and the producing oil fields include (223) wells, distributed among (203) oil wells in the Ahdab field and (20) oil wells in Badra field, In 2020 the production capacity of the Ahdab field was about (170,000) barrels per day, and it possesses a quantity of oil reserves of (422) million barrels, while the production of Badra field was about (50,000) barrels per day, and it contains a quantity of oil reserves amounting to (178) million barrels.

Crisis management is a scientific method used to
deal with crises in order to avoid their occurrence and planning to manage situations that cannot be avoided, as well as to deal with emergency situations when they occur with the aim of controlling or mitigating the results and the negative repercussions that can result from them, especially the crises that occur in the Pedagogical institution after the spread of e-learning. This research paper aims to: Identify the meaning of organizational adaptation and its role in facing the educational crisis, and how to enhance its concept among the employees of the educational institution, and to develop a set of proposals that would help the workers in the educational institution in general to adapt to organizational adaptation during the educational crisis.

The research entitled with: (Anecdotes from the history of the Fatimid state) aims to show aspects of the anecdotes of the Fatimid Caliphate and its successors, and to the incidents of the media and the public, and to clarify part of its daily life and religious beliefs, by shedding light on these abnormal incidents in the Islamic sources that dated the Fatimid state .

Abstract:
Prof. Dr. Abed Kate smom , College of Human Education
Research Objectives: The research aims to identify the following:
1- What is the level of ethical leadership for the heads of scientific departments at Al-Mustansiriya University?
2- What is the level of administrative gossip for heads of scientific departments at Al-Mustansiriya University?
3- What is the level of job performance for heads of scientific departments at Al-Mustansiriya University?
4- What is the level of relationship between ethical leadership, job gossip and job performance.
5- Are there statistically significant differences between the three study variables according to (gender - male, female) years of service (5-10 years, more than 10 years)
The importance of the research lies in the extent of the commitment of the educational leader to the ethics of the profession is an important and main factor in educational institutions and enhance their productivity, if the ethics of the leader leads to making effort, performing work and taking responsibility. Through this, the formulation of a strong, sound scientific personality who enjoys the right morals and sublime values are rooted in him. Therefore, the head of the department has a great role in reforming or corrupting the scientific department (Al-Hindi, 2013: 27).
Conclusions: In light of the research results, the researcher can conclude the following:
1- The level of moral leadership of the heads of the scientific departments was at a good level, and this appreciation indicates the high values, culture and principles enjoyed by the heads of departments in the colleges of Al-Mustansiriya University.
2- There are no statistically significant differences depending on the variable years of service for the study sample, as the central system followed in unifying decisions and rewards and working together in achieving the goals of the scientific departments at Al-Mustansiriya University
Suggestions: In light of the research results, the researcher can suggest the following:
1- Conducting a study on ethical leadership and its relations with administrative work policy.
2- Conducting a study on ethical leadership and its relationship to managing career conflict.

ABSTRACT
Gifts and khul’ are the latest tools of communication between the Abbasid caliphate and its followers from the heads of the state, as well as with the general public, i.e. the subjects. The gifts and khul’ also included the political relationship with the kings and sultans of states and kingdoms as a tool for improving foreign relations.
The purpose of gifts and khul' was to win the affection of others, make them feel valued, ensure loyalty to the Caliphs, and carry out their orders in order to strengthen their political authority.
The research discusses the political function and social purposes of gifts and divorce from a historical approach during the Abbasid era, relying on the historical method, with the analysis and interpretation of historical information and linking it to the topic of research.
Keywords: gifts - khul' - Abbasid era - political functions - social
purposes:

: Nasir Khusraw is Abu Moeenuddin Nasir bin Khusraw bin Harith al-Qubadiani al-Balkhi al-Marwazi (394-481 A.H. / 1004-1088 A.D), born in Qabadian, one of Balkh provinces in Khorasan, who is a traveler, philosopher, and poet
He began his journey from Mero in the year 437 A.H. / 1045 A.D., and ended in the year 444 AH / 1052 A.D., leaving the life of supplication and comfort for the Seljuks, searching for the truth - as he sees it - and he passed through Egypt and stayed there for more than three years, and this was during the reign of the Al-Mustansir Caliph Al-Fatimid ( 427-487 A.H. / 1035-1094 A.D.), and he raised a state of prosperity and well-being, spreading justice throughout it, and admired him for what he achieved . The Fatimids Made urban achievements that included their palaces and streets in their Cairo metropolis, their busy markets, the high standard of living per capita income, and people's concern for the elegance of their role . Nasir Khusraw was on the doctrine of the Sunnis, and he changed his doctrine to the Ismaili Shiites, and he found the true doctrine in it, after he witnessed his successes on the ground in Egypt, and he found it the doctrine that they aspire to and serve Islam The importance of his trip (Safranameh) lies in the fact that he determined Egypt's geographical location in terms of the community surrounding Rad Sea (Alkalzam) and the Mediterranean Sea and the middle of the river (the Nile), and his interest in the social, agricultural and civilizational aspects that Egypt lived in the middle of the fifth A.H. / eleventh century A.D., and his journey enriched Islamic history with information rich and accurate from the Islamic world in the regions it passed through .

To reach an indicator of the level of government performance, it is possible to rely on international statistics and indicators that express the quality of what governments provide, through the formation of an indicator that integrates three indicators (Social progress, Infrastructure, The Good Governance), The indicator must also include the efficiency of governments about the exploitation of resources, so we include both public expenditure and debt but in the denominator, To indicate their negative effect.
Iraq ranks penultimately (14) in the Arab world and 123rd globally, due to its decline in the indicators of the government's achievement, especially in the indicator of good governance and infrastructure, and due to the high expenditures of the government in public expenditures and public debt.
Iraq and 32 countries, including eight Arab countries, are below the acceptable efficiency line, while the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait are among the top 16 countries in the index, and (81) countries, including five Arab countries are among the fall within the middle category.
Keywords: government performance - performance indicator - government efficiency - the Iraqi government

The conclusion of the most important business reported by the legislator is the operations of banks, which are based on the idea of speculation in order to achieve profits, as well as the idea of trading wealth and moving it from one place to another or from one place to another, as well as distinguishing it from secrecy, guarantee, speed and confidence that characterizes all these works. Such as the banking work specified by the law is the rental of iron coffers, which is based on the idea of keeping the money or collectibles that the client places inside a rental treasury set for this purpose within the bank and within a specified period and for an agreed fare, and this contract is based on the idea of maintaining the confidentiality of the content of the iron treasury and not being informed even by the bank until after the approval of the client or on the basis of a decision issued by a competent court With the exception of specific cases provided by law, the bank can open the iron beech after the customer is alerted to come and take court approval or even without them in cases of necessity.
Keywords: (iron cabinets, bank, confidentiality, legal nature, confidentiality obligation limits)

Taxes are a major financial resource that feeds the state treasury, as the basis for any government policy is the tool for regulating the financial and economic path of the majority of countries, and a tool that states use to reach their goal in various political, economic and social fields.
Tax policy in most countries has become consistent with the trends of contemporary economic thought, which now recognizes that countries must pursue tax policies that are more intrusive and penetrating into economic life in a way that modern tax policy has reached targets that did not exist before.
This development, which has led states to apply such policies, has achieved important objectives of protecting public health, protecting the environment, controlling offspring policy and protecting morals.
Today, the tax has become one of the most intrusive weapons because it exceeds the traditional goal and .goes on to achieve new targets.

The Arab conquest movement included all parts of the world, but it did not reach Balasagon, and Islam spread there late compared to other cities and regions.
The subject of the research was not touched upon by researchers and the lights were not shed on it except with the exception of some fragments, and this is what prompted us to search within it.
Bla Sagun differed in determining its location, and the fragments that we have before us did not indicate the existence of rivers, except that its proximity to the Sabhon River, as it provided it with water.

Writing about local history is a challenging and fascinating task since it requires the historian to search, inspect and judge people and events. This type of writing takes a lot of time as well as the scarcity of sources forcing the researcher to depend on the oral memory of those who lived in that era.
Jewish sect in Iraq faced prosperity due to peaceful tolerance and peaceful coexistence. Kut city was a a wonderful example for coexistence, recognizing the other and spirit of tolerance between different religions، nationalities and denominations. Kut city became a place for moderation and equilibrium with no hate. Jewish sect in Kut was distinguished by the Integration with Muslims and other religions to the point that they became an integral part and an influential factor in the society especially in industry and trade.
The research shed a light on the history of Jewish sect in Kut which was neglected by historians and researchers due to political, economical and social issues since Jews subject is a sensitive subject. The researcher during the process of writing, faced a lack in resources, documents about Jews in Kut and this required his an additional efforts to collect the data and redrafting it in a scientific and methodological ways.

In this study, an attempt is made to find out what the prose poem is and the position of literary criticism towards it. This poem has received what no other literary genre has had in terms of debates, discussions and differences, whether with regard to its name and the accuracy of what it discloses and what surrounds that label, or what is related to its affiliation or non-affiliation to The genre of poetry, in view of the most important opinions that were said about it, and this study also attempts to clarify the characteristics of this literary genre and the reasons for the limitation of its world; Therefore, it was divided into paragraphs or vocabulary, the first paragraph was the introduction as it showed the effect of the Arabic language in motivating, and provoking its owners to search in its space for everything new that could be included within its diverse and complex arts. The third paragraph foouseso the birth of this poemtouching upon its arigin whether Arnbic or Foreign., as for the characteristics of the poem, it was contained in the fourth paragraph, and the fifth paragraph dealt with the most important opinions that were said about the prose poem, its opponents and supporters, and those who held a neutral opinion. Then the study concluded with its seventh and final paragraph, which is the conclusion.
The study concluded that the prose poem is a literary type, whether it belongs to poetry or not. Its name and calligraphy have taken its place among the literary arts as a literary genre with amputated originality, fixed in ability and status, with an unknown future This result is far from the authority of the believers in the poem, or those who reject it

Legal responsibility for driving a motorcycle without a driver's license
The issue of the legal responsibility of driving without a driver’s license is one of the important topics worthy of research, because the driver’s license is the most important administrative means concerned with regulating the freedom of transportation. The requirements of the public interest, especially the lives of citizens, called for the legislature to regulate the procedures for granting driving licenses. As the number of motorcycles has recently increased in most of the governorates of Iraq, especially the capital, Baghdad, as it is a practical means of transportation that relieves them of the trouble of public transport in front of traffic congestion, in addition to its cheaper price compared to cars and less expensive in fuel consumption, But this method has become a danger to pedestrians and cars with the recklessness of young people who drive motorcycles very quickly without observing traffic laws and traffic signals, especially since most of them are under the legal age to drive a motorcycle.

The manner that Ali bin Al-Hussein (pbuh) has taken to raise the awareness of the nation to a level which makes people see what cannot be seen due to the influence of the darkness that exists as a result of the ruler's arrogance and greed as well as the ignorance and hypocrisy of the people and also due to the exclusion of Ahlul Bait whom Allah placed them to lead the nation. Even so, they did not give up the confrontation and sacrifice in the way of the divine theory, that is why they were the best implementation and substantiation of the verses of the holy Quran. Every one of them has taken a path that was illuminated by the Quran itself to take the nation’s hand to the right path. So, Imam Ali bin Al-Hussein (pbuh) created a path that penetrates all the restrictions and barriers which Banu Umayya established and placed. In fact, this path was a difficult challenge against Banu Umayya in how to meet and deal with it and at the same time it was able to raise the awareness of the nation and shut up all people who have deviant opinions. In addition to that, it has found a well treatment for all diseases of the nation.

The issue of selling blood plasma is one of the modern topics in the medical field, especially in recent times because of its great importance in treating many sick cases, including what medical experiments have proven to be successful in taking blood plasma from people recovering from the virus and using it to treat people infected with the Corona virus pandemic, which prompted some of the recovering from the weak-hearted to exploit the need of the injured for this plasma and sell it at very high prices, so that the price of a plasma bag in many Arab countries has reached nearly 2000 US dollars , which created another problem, that is the inability of the injured to buy it, so we have tried in this research to shed light to study the extent to which exploitation has been achieved or not in selling plasma in the light of the Corona pandemic and to clarify the position of Islamic Sharia regarding it, as well as the legal position on selling, and what is the ruling on selling in If the exploitation is realized, does the injured person or (the contractor) have the right to demand the revocation of the contract or its reduction in the event that the exploitation is proven, leading to a statement of the most important results and recommendations that we reached to address this phenomenon.
Keywords: exploitation, blood plasma, corona pandemic, selling

The current research aims to identify:
1- The extent to which e-learning platforms in institutions of higher education and scientific research have achieved their objectives from the viewpoint of university teachers.
2- Learning about electronic educational platforms, their advantages and objectives.
The researcher used the descriptive approach for its relevance due to the nature of the research and the questionnaire in obtaining data and information. The research community was determined from the teaching staff of Wasit University for both sexes (males and females) for the academic year 2020-2021, with total number of (951) male and female teachers. Each sample of the study consists of (367). Three- hundred and sixty three of them for both sexes (male and female) teachers have responded, that means 99% of the sample responded to the test.
The researcher has designed a questionnaire to identify the extent to which electronic educational platforms in institutions of higher education and scientific research achieve their goals as seen by the teachers, and the questionnaire is in its final form of (14) paragraphs in preparation for field application. The scale as a whole has been turned into an electronic version and sent to the research sample after designing the questionnaire in its final form (367).

Abstract
This research consists of four chapters, the first chapter contains the research problem which was identified through answering the following question: What are the aesthetics of animal shapes in Ottoman Iznik Ceramics? The importance of the research and the need for it.
The research aim is determined through identifying the aesthetics of animal shapes in Ottoman Iznik Ceramics. The researcher has determined the most important terms in this research.
The second chapter includes two topics:
- First topic is the animal shapes in Islamic arts.
- Second topic is the history of Ottoman Iznik Ceramics Industry.
The third chapter contains the research procedures including research community and selecting and analyzing the five samples.
The fourth chapter includes the most important findings and conclusions including:-
1- The products of Ottoman Iznik Ceramics have demonstrated a huge interest in picturing animal world in all its wild and marine animals and all birds as they have elements of aesthetics in creation, structure, movements and colors.
2- The Ottoman ceramists from Iznik achieved excellent work in picturing living organisms depending on the Islamic view which considers the animal as part of the kingdom of God and they showed respect to animals' beauty, power and benefits for nature and human.
The most important conclusion is:-
1- Ceramic formations surrounding the animal shapes represent aesthetic elements added to animal shapes. They are an integral part of the characteristics of art formations in Islamic Art in general and Iznik Ceramics in particular.
The research also includes recommendations, suggestions, references and an English abstract.

Abstract
The current research consists of four chapters. The first chapter includes the problem of research, which is summarized as follows: - What are the types of building techniques and decorations for pottery works in the students of the Institute of Fine Arts?
The importance of research and its need and the objective of the research is: to disclose the techniques of construction and decoration of pottery works in the output of students of the Institute of Fine Arts in Baghdad.
then the limits of temporal, spatial, objectivity and terminology
lhe second chapter included two topics: First: the types of building techniques in the art of pottery
The second topic: decorating and decoration of pottery works.
, Additionally the indicators that ended the theoretical framework.are also included The third chapter includes the research procedures represented by the research, the research sample, the research methodology, and the analysis of five models of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts. The fourth chapter included the results of the research
1-Most of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts build their works according to the traditional building techniques. The most important technique is construction with mud ropes as the easiest and most effective means of building the students.
2-Most students follow the methods of polishing by sharp tools and methods of water and sponge to soften the aesthetic appearance and softness on mud surfaces
The conclusions are:
1-Some of the work of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts accuracy and construction sober and techniques of decoration executed clearly
Finally recommendations, proposals, form appendix, abstract in English and index of research sources.

The current research touched upon an important problem, which is the extent of the feasibility and effectiveness of tribal government councils, and whether it is more appropriate to maintain and encourage them in light of the findings of conflict resolution and settlement and their positive effects on Iraqi society. The most important questions of the research, are: What is the social importance of tribal ruling councils to achieve social control in Iraq? What are the reasons that lead individuals to resort to tribal government councils without the judiciary as one of the mechanisms of social control in Iraq, The aim of the research is to identify the social importance, effectiveness and role of tribal ruling councils to achieve social control in Iraq, and to identify the reasons that lead individuals to resort to tribal government councils Without the judiciary as one of the mechanisms of social control in Iraq, The importance of research emerges as the Iraqi society suffers from increasing problems and issues, and also has its importance in the field of knowledge because it discusses the role of tribal government councils in social control, and the descriptive and analytical approach has been used in this research. The search is made by a group of judges, tribal sheikhs, gentlemen (whose lineage goes back to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)), notables and wise people of the elderly, who were deliberately chosen to know the researcher about them and their location and social participation in this field. As the sample amounted to (140) people. As for the spatial domain, it is the Governorate of Diwaniyah, and the measurement tool was prepared in the form of a questionnaire to be the main source for collecting information related to the topic of the research, and it came up with a number of conclusions, the most important of which are about the effect of tribal government councils on reconciliation and reconciliation in resolving disputes between individuals, some of whom believe that they work to settle disputes, as the majority agreed Opinions say that it worked to reduce the exorbitant expenses incurred by the courts and litigants, and also to settle disputes amicably between individuals in a more flexible and faster manner, and to settle disputes by amicable methods to some extent. As for the recommendations, the most important of them was the formation of reconciliation and reconciliation committees consisting of a judge and the membership of two or three tribal sheikhs, and of reasonable folk or privileged people and influencing other individuals because of their good reputation and experience in dealing in resolving and settling disputes, and they have a legal basis to be issued. Legislation to facilitate and facilitate compromise between litigants.

The study dealt with the subject of “Iraq in the journey of Abdullah bin Al-Sabah Al-Mudajjin the Andalusian in the eighth century AH - a study in the scientific and religious life,” which he wrote in a book called “The News tellers and the memory of the Good Ones” during his trip to Iraq in the second half of the eighth century AH. The researcher, however, tried during his reading of the trip, to find some scientific and religious pictures of Iraq, especially since the period in question still needs historical studies that show the nature of Iraq’s scientific and religious situation after the years he spent in the succession of multiple states in its occupation. That is where we see the importance after what is said and carried out through history and the historical period of Iraq and its various cities, following his stay there for several years, during which he lived the daily life of the Iraqis and its events

"The dispute between Egypt and Ethiopia regarding the Renaissance Dam is escalating to an unprecedented level in the history of relations between the Nile Basin countries, and with it it is feared that it will move from the level of a regular crisis to the level of a military conflict that will return again.
Instability to East Africa Perhaps the most prominent aspect of this crisis is the disintegration of the traditional system of water management between the countries of the Nile Basin, and the widening gap between the interests of the nine upstream countries and the two downstream countries, Egypt and Sudan. The absence of a decisive negotiating reference, and differing visions about the interests of the upstream and downstream countries, contributed, along with the sharp polarization factors, to fueling the crisis. It is clear that despite the efforts made between the three parties to the crisis since the start of official negotiations on the dam in 2013, and mediation attempts at the regional level and international mediation, All these efforts did not reach a settlement in the crisis.
While the previous US administration was more involved in the negotiations, including hosting the negotiations in 2019-2020, and former US President Donald Trump warned of the possibility of the Egyptians resorting to blowing up the dam in the end because Egypt "will not be able to live in this way," However, in mid-June, the commander of the US Central Command, General Kenneth McKenzie, expressed the United States' concern about developments in the file of the Renaissance Dam, saying: Ethiopia's behavior on the problem of the Renaissance Dam "worries us." Pointing out that "Egypt exercises a tremendous amount of self-restraint." "

The world is witnessing at the present time a tremendous development in the means of modern electronic communications, and the use of the Internet in many areas of life that has become an urgent necessity that cannot be dispensed with. One of the important economic tributaries that provides countries with financial resources that cannot be dispensed with, is the electronic commerce and its positive aspect on the global economy, There are some negative aspects that it suffers from, and these aspects are represented by cyber attacks that can affect that trade in several ways ، Despite the positive aspects of electronic commerce on the global economy, there are some negative aspects that it suffers from, and these aspects are represented by cyber attacks that can affect that commerce in several ways, and despite the enactment of the necessary legal legislation in most countries that ensure the regulation of electronic commerce as required, however, it suffers from a clear lack of providing the necessary means to protect it from the dangers of cyber-attacks, and for the purpose of explaining those means, the research department has two sections followed by a conclusion that includes the most important recommendations and results reached by the researcher .

The research aims to identify the dialogue imperative, which includes five principles: (cooperation, politeness or politeness, maximum politeness, confrontation, and ratification) to see the extent to which modern studies represented by pragmatics and their various topics are compatible with what exists in our Islamic heritage. And the infallible imams, peace be upon them, were analyzed to find out the phenomenon of dialogical implication and its principles in the texts that were selected

The Holy Quran opened several chapters and Qur’anic verses by addressing the Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family). The methods of discourse varied according to the context and the location. So, you will find that some chapters begin the address with a name, as at the beginning of the chapter (Taha) and the beginning of Surah (Ya-Seen). Likewise, we find that a discourse on the situation is one of how the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is addressed in the Holy Quran, as in the two chapters of Al-Muzammil and Al-Muddathir. We also find some Qur’anic verses addressing the Prophet (PBUH) with (Ya to call), in addition to his description as (Prophet) in more than one Qur’anic verse. His features as (messenger) are also used in Surat Al-Ma’idah. came on three axes and the importance of the subject in explaining the method of the Qur’anic discourse with the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in all situations and situations that occurred during the mission of the Prophet (PBUH), starting from the revelation of the revelation to the secret and public call, to the completion of the prophecy. With the verse of reporting. Therefore, this research came to clarify some of the nature of the Qur’anic discourse along the length of the Prophet’s mission, considering the progression of the research details in more than one Qur’anic surah.
We will confine the paper to the principal axes and leave the research on the various ways and methods of discourse by implication, the use of verbs, the construction of the known, and other methods and methods of Qur’anic expression that come according to the context.
Keywords: Discourse Style, Quranic Discourse, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

The political activity provided by the Irish Women’s Council had its impact on the political scene in light of the exceptional work it had accomplished. The Council was able to do it, and not only that, as it deliberately continued to reject the British measures that require the Irish community to send its sons to the battlefronts in the framework of forced conscription, in addition to those efforts, the Council was the main pillar on which the Republican Army relied in its election campaign in the year 1919, in which achieved a landslide victory, Ireland faced a dangerous turning point in its political history. The elected assembly declared independence, which led to the outbreak of war with Britain. The Women's Council had the most prominent impact in that war by helping the Republican Army to stand firm in front of the British, who tried in various ways to force them to surrender. The women of the movement were equal to the men in terms of cases of repression, but this did not last long, as the two parties reached an agreement The Women's Council announced its rejection of it because of the goals it carried that aborted the republican dream after it divided the Irish nation and worked to separate some of its parts. The Council returned to face these repercussions during the civil war1923-1922, so many of its women were subjected to exclusion and arrest in order to preserve the unity of Ireland.key words :lrish womens council the republican Army in dependence war civil war

The research aims to demonstrate the importance of government spending and its impact on the education sector in Iraq, with an indication of the role played by the sector after increasing government spending on it and the extent to which future goals are achieved in all economic and social aspects, and considering it the main tool for the advancement of reality and the future, as well as analyzing the relationship of government spending on education and its role in the sector indicators in Iraq . It was concluded that government spending on education in Iraq continued to increase, but the Iraqi government allocated a low percentage to this sector in its general budget, similar to the rest of the sectors, as the percentage of government spending on the education sector did not exceed ( 14.02) to the total government spending during the study period in Iraq Addionaiiy it highlights the impact of government spending on the education sector in Iraq during the period (2004-2020) using (moderation tests, the problem of autocorrelation and analysis of variance), where the differentiation tests indicated the need to rely on the (simple regression) model.

Rebellion and revolution both represent a rejection of things, and this rejection is based on a sudden change in any social system. This change aims to create a new system that will be effective through rebellion or revolution to obtain or reach what the individual wants, transform the world, renew the arts, replace the structure of ownership, eliminate the old style of governance, and create a different style of governance commensurate with the aspirations of the rising powers and the various segments of society in terms of justice, dignity, rights and freedoms. and equality.

The current research aims to: Identify the effectiveness of the instructional-learning design according to the concept-rich mathematics teaching model in the spatial ability of middle school students
To achieve this goal, an educational-learning design has been prepared according to the steps of the (ADDIE) model for building educational designs, which includes four stages: (analysis, preparation, design, development, implementation, evaluation) . To achieve the objectives of the research, the following null hypothesis were formulated:-
There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (05,0) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group who will study the material according to the instructional-learning design and the students of the control group who will study the same material according to the usual method in the spatial ability test . The researcher used the following statistical methods to reach the results of the research: T-test for two independent samples, the equation for the difficulty coefficient for the objective items, the equation for the power to distinguish the objective items, the equation for the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives, the equation for KR20, and it was reached The researcher leads to the following results :-
There is statistically significant difference at the significance level (05,0) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group who will study the material according to the instructional-learning design and the students of the control group who will study the same material according to the usual method in the spatial ability test for the benefit of the experimental group .

This paper is concerned with two questions: the first question focuses on the concept of (Taqweel of the speaker) in the grammatical lesson and it includes two parts. The first part (Taqueel) refers to one of the grammarians’ practices in analysing utterances, interpreting them and explaining them. The second part (Almutakalim) indicates one of the elements of the communication process, it stands for the creature of utterance. The second question, on the other hand, focuses on the limits of the practice. Since this term has not been mentioned in the grammatical record, so the second question asks about the reason behind its use because it is not found the record. This term has the ability to influence phrases in the mind like (as if he said). It has the ability to positively answer that question because of its accuracy and clarity. This term is not an adjective that has been put on this concept by coercion nor has been an addition that is derived from it, but this type of grammatical analysis is a process in which it is pretended that the speaker has said something which he did not actually say. This is not a form of distortion, but it refers to creating a kind of meaning that links between the speaker’s intention and the grammatical form of his utterance.

The study of conversational imperative here aims to apply one of the most important concepts of the deliberative lesson on a number of texts related to the phenomenon of (captivity and imprisonment) in the pre-Islamic era. Although they appear to be expressions of human feelings imposed by special circumstances, the dialogic feature is not absent from it. In many, but seldom, forms, they are directed towards an intended address. And then it includes conversational implications that carry non-explicit meanings by violating the rules of (cooperation) according to Grace's dialogical theory. The goal is to reveal those inferential meanings that may have been absent from accurate interpretation in the application of other methods
Key words: Conversational implicature, Poetry, Prison and captivity, the pre-Islamic, Pragmatic

The impact of monetary policy on economic activity is one of the important topics in macroeconomic analysis, about which there is still controversy. While the supporters of the monetary school see that monetary policy is the most effective, we find that the supporters of the Keynesian school stress the importance of fiscal policy in achieving economic growth. The measures taken by the state to influence the gross domestic product and achieve a number of economic goals, the most important of which are raising growth rates, achieving full employment and stabilizing prices. The importance of the research stems from an attempt to study the interaction between monetary and financial policy in terms of monetary and financial objectives, tools and means in both the money market and the commodity market and the extent of their impact on achieving economic growth by using the standard method. on the rate of economic growth, and therefore directing decision-makers to which component of monetary policy has the greatest impact on economic growth. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is showing that there is a direct and significant relationship in Iraq between the money supply and the growth rate, that is, increasing the money supply by one unit will increase economic growth by 153%. The research concluded with a set of recommendations, perhaps the most prominent of which is the need for monetary policy to work in controlling the large monetary mass by achieving a balanced proportion between the monetary mass and the Iraqi GDP to reach the balance of the real and monetary sectors.

Abstract:
The trend of countries around the world has shifted towards adopting a policy of financial liberalization, as many countries have tended to emphasize reforms in the financial and banking sector, and in light of this trend, competition is a condition for efficiency, and competition will not be achieved unless restrictions are lifted from the entry of new banks and financial institutions to the market, including: This includes foreign banks, as well as changing the legislation and regulations for licenses to ensure that. This study is concerned with analyzing the reality of indicators of financial liberalization in the Iraqi economy for the period (2004-2019), This research includes four main variables for financial liberalization in Iraq: liberalization of the interest rate, reduction of the legal reserve, freedom of entry of foreign banks into Iraq, and the abolition of credit controls during the study period, as the process of financial liberalization began in Iraq in 2004, after the issuance of the law The new Central Bank of Iraq No. (94) for the year 2004. Since then, financial liberalization measures have been implemented to broaden and deepen the financial system, With the aim of increasing competition, improving the efficiency of the financial sector, and maintaining the stability of the Iraqi financial system. All of these policy tools are expected to complement each other in achieving the overall objectives of competition and efficiency, the sound functioning of the financial system and capital markets, and the achievement of stability in the financial sector in Iraq.

There are many economic relations in the economic systems, including the relationship between foreign reserves and the net budget, especially in Iraq, as it suffers from an imbalance in the structure of budget financing from financial resources; As a result of dependence on oil revenues, which are characterized by instability due to the fluctuation of their prices, and this constitutes a restriction on the accumulation of foreign reserves in Iraq; The fact that foreign currencies derived from oil revenues constitute the main component in the formation of foreign reserves in Iraq.
Therefore, the premise of the study hypothesis was that foreign reserves are linked to the net budget, so it is necessary to determine the optimal level of the net budget to maintain a cumulative pattern of reserves to enhance economic stability, and in order to test this hypothesis and reach the objectives of the study, the study was divided into three demands. The second requirement is the theoretical framework of the net budget and its impact on determining foreign reserves, while the third requirement dealt with analyzing the relationship between foreign reserves and the net budget in Iraq during the years of study, and the study concluded with a set of conclusions and recommendations that were drawn from the theoretical and quantitative aspects of the study.