Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

The current study aims to explore the theoretical approach of language socialization and its impact on students' competence, focusing on their ability to navigate diverse social and cultural contexts. The sample of this study includes ten EFL Preparatory school, for boys and for girls, in which they are forty students from the fourth grade in the selected schools during the academic year 2023-2024 in the city of Kirkuk.
A questionnaire has been conducted and applied to the selected sample. The required data are collected and analyzed statistically. The study reach to results such as theoretical approach of language socialization plays a significant role in shaping students' competence. It also indicate that EFL students who engage in perspective-taking, respect cultural diversity, and participate in activities promoting equality and environmental protection demonstrate higher levels of social and intercultural competence

Vocabulary knowledge and cognitive linguistic abilities are pivotal elements of oral communicative competence in English as a Foreign Language (Henceforth, EFL) setting. This correlational study aims to examine the interrelationship between vocabulary knowledge assessed through both breadth (the extent of vocabulary size) and depth (the richness and quality of word knowledge)-and cognitive linguistic skills, including working memory, attention control, and metacognitive awareness, in relation to speaking proficiency among Iraqi EFL learners. The study sample consists of 180 second -year undergraduate students from the College of Education for Humanities at the University of Tikrit during the academic year (2024–2025). Stratified random sampling is employed to ensure gender representation in the sample. A comprehensive set of instruments is utilized to measure the target constructs: a vocabulary test (evaluating both breadth and depth), a cognitive skills questionnaire, and a structured speaking interview based on an IELTS-inspired rubric that assessed fluency, accuracy, lexical diversity, and coherence. The findings reveals that vocabulary depth was a significant predictor of speaking proficiency (r = 0.72, p < 0.01), highlighting the critical role of collocations, word associations, and semantic richness in facilitating oral fluency. Vocabulary breadth was moderately correlated with speaking proficiency (r = 0.54, p < 0.01), indicating its complementary influence on oral expression. Among the cognitive variables, working memory (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) and attention control (r = 0.58, p < 0.01) demonstrated significant correlations with speaking performance, suggesting that cognitive processing efficiency is essential for real-time language production.

This paper discusses how effectively implementing formative assessment strategies empowers English learners in their studies. The study looks into various assessment tools to be tried on respondents, including Kahoot, group discussion, and an online assessment tool. There were 10 EFL instructors and 50 students from two different universities in Erbil, Iraq who participated in the study. Student responses appear to indicate that the implementation of formative assessments is positively related to enhanced learning gains. The interviews with the instructors described various forms of formative assessment applied in an English language classroom currently. Whereas there are areas where shortcomings exist such as lack of time and alignment between assessments and curriculum standards, challenges are presented by formative assessments. In light of this, therefore, educators shall be provided with resources in incorporating the use of formative assessments into their teaching. Formative assessment proves to be efficient in enhancing confidence among learners enabling learners to make sense of main ideas or concepts and academically better performances among students, as has been shown in this paper. Yet, the reluctance of student participation still prevails. This research adopted mixed-methods approaches by way of interviews and questionnaires in the collection of data and test attitudes toward formative assessment. It would seem that one of the positive impacts brought about by formative assessment is student engagement and academic achievement in learning the English language.

This research sheds light on the sectorial and spatial trends of small industries and ways of developing them in Salah AL- Din Governorate. Analysis and its variables at the sectorial (structural) and palatial levels. Depending on what the governorate owns of small industrial establishments and development potentials. After applying the rate of industrial importance at the sectorial (structural) level, it was found that AL- Sabr branch of food industries recorded the highest rate of industrial importance with a relative importance of (69.9%). It is followed by the wooden construction and textile industries, at rates of (21.7%, 11,1%, 1.4%) of the total small industries in the governorate, respectively. As for the spatial level, the industrial importance rate included three levels: the low level includes the districts whose rate ranges between (1.5% - 8.2%), which are Amerli, Ad-Dour, Dujail, Duluiya and AL- Alam, respectively. And an average that ranges between (8.3% - 15%) includes the districts of Shirqat, Al- Touz, Baiji, Ballad, and Tikrit, respectively, as for the high level, it ranges between (15.1% - or more) and is concentrated in Samarra district only, at a rate of (21.7%) of the total importance in the governorate.