Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences

The study discusses the policy of the Central Bank of Iraq in the management of the exchange rate and its impact on some financial and economic indicators, as an analytical study for the period 2009-2015. The researcher's motivation to address this issue is the importance of exchange rates in the study and analysis of the economy of any country.
The research problem can be framed by the following question:
Do the US dollar exchange rates affect economic and financial indicators in Iraq by the Central Bank of Iraq?
The study is based on the main hypothesis that fluctuations in the exchange rate of the US dollar affect some of the financial and economic indicators (for cash reserve, GDP, budget allocations).
The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is the widening gap between the selling prices of the dollar in the parallel markets compared to the nominal prices at the Central Bank auction, which allowed the private banks and exchange companies dealing with the Central Bank to achieve very large profits unjustified and not commensurate with the risk of buying the dollar from Central Bank and sell it to the public.
The research came out with several recommendations, the most important of which is the need to gradually abandon the adoption of the auction strategy for the foreign currency (the dollar), because it costs the state huge amounts of hard currency annually.

This study examines the role of incentives in improving employee performance.
The incentives were measured as an independent variable through three sub-dimensions, namely (incentive system, equity in incentives, and moral incentives)
The dependent variable represents the improvement of the performance of the employees, which included a set of sub-paragraphs in which the performance of the employees can be measured in terms of the speed of achievement, the size of the performance, the quality of the performance and the knowledge of the workers about the requirements of work and their perseverance and reliability.
The problem of research was determined by a set of questions aimed at identifying the relationship and the effect of incentives on improving the performance of employees. In light of these questions, a number of hypotheses were formulated to diagnose the reality of the incentive system and its impact on the performance of employees.
The researcher chose the Middle East Bank for Investment in Baghdad City as a field for applying the research. A sample questionnaire was used to obtain the data, which was distributed to a random sample of the employees of the bank, which amounted to (50) workers out of the total number of workers (200) workers and were analyzed using the (SPSS) program.
The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is the acceptance of the hypotheses of the study that confirm the relationship and effect of incentives on improving the performance of employees. In addition to a set of results that identify the reality of the system and the obstacles that serve as obstacles to work to overcome them to increase the role of the contribution of the incentive system in improving the performance of employees in the bank.

The aim of the research is to build and test a model explains the organizational politics and its role in preparing the organizational capabilities in light of the literature review related to the study variables.
The study dealt with two variables within a research problem, which was dominated by a main question: "Does the organizational politics, in its dimensions, contribute to preparing The organizational capabilities of the studied university (Gihan Private University– Erbil)?
The study aims to test several hypotheses of the main and sub-hypotheses arising from the model of the research hypothesis, which confirms the existence of correlation and significant impact between the two variables of research in terms of dimensions (combined and individual).
A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 75 employees (faculty and staff) at the studied university. In light of the data analysis, the research reached a set of conclusions that confirm the existence of significant correlation and influence between the dimensions of organizational politeness (combined and individual) As well as making some of the necessary proposals for universities in general and especially for the studied university.

The rapid development in the field of information and communication technology and its involvement in all aspects of life and in all institutions and businesses, particularly in the health field; has led to the emergence of many problems, especially in developing countries that lack the strong technical infrastructure; for this reason there was a need to the use of cloud computing, which helps to take advantage of the software, infrastructure and platforms that provided through a third party and via the internet, without the need for big money and expertise in the beneficiary institution.
After emergence and spread of the use of mobile technology, especially smartphones and their employment in the health sector, and the emergence of the concept of mobile health, the need for the use of so-called mobile cloud computing emerged.
The study has focused on determine the theoretical framework of the concept of cloud computing and mobile cloud computing - which is one of the very modern concepts - and the concept of mobile health applications and the requirements of their Implement, specifying the relationship between mobile health and mobile cloud computing through employment The mobile cloud computing to the implement of mobile health systems, through a special specimen based on Cloud firebase service that produced by Google, and for the purpose of answering the problem of the possibility of using mobile cloud computing to save the health information and service delivery.
This technology is very useful, especially in developing countries as a result of lack of strong infrastructure, provide adequate financial support. The conclusion to it can be applied these systems in Iraqi hospitals in theoretical, but this needs to be more practical studies in hospitals, and in this study, has been developed a simple prototype for mobile application based on cloud computing.

The success of planning and financial expenditure on human capital (human resources) in the education sector is measured by its results (and outcomes). Efficiency is the yardstick for using inputs well when educational institutions achieve their goals.
This paper dealt with the efficiency of the educational process when using the available resources to achieve it, using the method of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on various schools vocational education( education of industrial schools in salahuddin governorate ).

The study used the inputs of the educational process for 2010 and its outputs for the year 2013.
The objective of this paper is to measure the efficiency of the induction of th0ese schools. The model of fixed-size returns and the variable size model for evaluating the efficiency of these schools were used when using the input resources of the number of teaching staff (teachers, teachers, technicians) Training workshops, and its output group of graduates and students admitted to higher levels (in institutes, civil, military and security colleges).

The present research deal with one of Contemporary themes in production and logistic field on which is presented by lean supply chain.
To evaluate the actual reality of the characteristics of the chain, the researcher conducted a survey of the views of a sample of ( 33) administrative leaders in the company, using a checklist prepared for this purpose, which was distributed to that sample and was completely returned.
Some appropriate statistical means were used to process and analyze the data. In light of the results of the analysis ,the research reach a number of conclusions, the most important was, there is an interest of the surveyed company's management in applying the characteristics of the lean supply chain adopted by the research.
The research also introduced a number of suggestions on this matter, including the need to strengthen the management efforts of the company towards cultural change, as the basis for each process of change and renewal, specifically its lean supply chain.

The research shed light on the implications of viral marketing tools to build a clear and mature idea of its concepts and philosophy in order to answer the question of (the dimensions of viral marketing in terms of its tools are not available in the surveyed companies).
A hypothesis is developed as a model for testing (78) individual. A set of tools was used to verify the hypotheses in the light of the analysis of the data and information collected and analyzed by the Statistical Program SPSS.
A number of conclusions were found, the most important of which were the availability of viral marketing in terms of its tools in the surveyed companies, as well as a discrepancy in the level of importance in the surveyed companies, and based on the conclusions reached a set of proposals were developed, the most important of which is the diversification of viral marketing tools to determine the best Tools to promote them and exclude inefficient tools in achieving the promotion objectives consistent with the objectives of the marketing activities of companies.

The aim of the research is to analyze the role of the requirements of the ISO 50001 energy management system (general requirements, energy policy, energy planning, implementation and operation, inspection, management review) in achieving cost reduction in the North Oil Company.
The sample consisted of (42) individuals. The research was based on two main hypotheses (the existence of a correlation between the requirements of the energy management system and the cost reduction).
In order to test the two hypotheses, the data were collected using the questionnaire as a main data collection tool, and were analyzed statistically using the SPSS program,to know the computational and standard deviations, and the correlation and effect factors to reach the search results.
The results of the research were a set of conclusions that confirmed the validity of the research hypotheses. In the light of the conclusions, a number of proposals were presented to increase the company's interest in the requirements of the energy management system as it reduces the cost and thus enhances its competitive position.

This study aimed to identify the impact of expert systems on improving the financial performance of Iraqi industrial companies,
In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive and analytical methods were followed. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to the sample of (129) accountants, internal auditors and programmers working in the Iraqi industrial companies participating in the study.
After the statistical analysis, there was a statistically significant effect at the level of (0.05 α) of the expert systems in improving the financial performance of Iraqi industrial companies.

The importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased globally, especially for developing countries. Many of the evidence indicates its effective contribution and the medium- and long-term cycle of sustainable and sustainable development through raising GDP growth rates, job creation and transfer of modern technology, Stimulate export activity and support competitiveness.
The research aims at identifying the role that foreign direct investment plays in achieving sustainable development in Singapore for the period 2005-2015 through the use of standard analytical tools to understand the relationship between FDI and sustainable development.
The research started from the premise that FDI has an effective role in achieving sustainable development according to the Pearson correlation coefficient test. The positive correlation between foreign direct investment and per capita GDP, urban dwellers and internet users indicates the positive relationship between them. While there was a negative correlation between foreign direct investment and forest area. This indicates the inverse relationship between them.
The increase in foreign direct investment in one unit, with the stability of other factors as it is, will contribute to an increase of per capita GDP by $ 0.007, increase the urban population by 0.016 million, and contribute to a decrease in forest area by 0%. 010), and contributes to the increase of Internet users by 0.277 per 100 persons.
The study recommended that more work should be done to open the way for foreign direct investment in the sectors that contribute to protecting the environment and sustainable development, enhancing the foreign direct investment environment and the business environment, introducing the investment opportunities and investment qualifications in these countries and the need to pay attention to the human element as the main axis of sustainable development.

The problem that was discussed in this paper is the analysis of the relationship between the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar and inflation rates in the Iraqi economy for the period 1990-2016 using the modern quantitative methods used in economic measurement, starting from the stability tests time series of tests of self-correlation function (ACF) , The unit root test (ADF), the Phelps-Peron test (PP), and the search for a long-term equilibrium relationship.
The Juselius-Johansen integration test was used, and to detect the causal relationship, the Granger test was used. Through the Economic measurement In all silence tests, the study reached the stability of the time series after taking the first difference. The causal test revealed a mutual effect between the variables in both directions. In the joint integration test, the results were not determined. The impact test was significant, This is explained by structural distortions in the Iraqi economy during the study period.

The Financial Inclusion represents one of the vital goals that all countries works to achieve it in the twenty one century; because its importance in achieving the social and economical development, add big participants in achieving the sustainable development.
This research aims to analyze of financial inclusion indicators in the Arabic banking sectors and compare it's with each others, and classified the Arabic banking sectors according to financial inclusion indicators based on cluster analysis, and advancement suggested model for developing the financial inclusion in the Arabic countries.
The research conclude that the financial inclusion indicator is high in the Arabian gulf countries and it is low in other group of Arabic countries, this case exigency search of new methods to quittance the banking services to all community groups in the Arab countries and develop it to achieve the financial inclusion goals.

Egypt has worked to narrow the gap between it and developed countries by borrowing from international financial institutions. Egypt was concerned with the development process as a goal to get rid of underdevelopment and accelerate economic development.
However, the inability to repay debt impedes Egypt's march towards progress and economic growth, Therefore, Egypt has made a lot of efforts to alleviate the effects of external debt burdens.

This paper aims to investigate human development that has been impacted by terrorism in Iraq. Iraq has a high level of corruption making it one from the eighth most corrupt country in the world. It has failed to pass effective investment, tax, and property laws to secure both domestic and foreign investment as well as to create effective security forces to protect its infrastructure and businesses. The large disparities in living standards, development failures, high unemployment rates and low standards of living are among the reasons that contributed to encourage terrorism in Iraq.
In the light of this problem the study hypothesis represent with " empower people and expand their choices will be an important factor in reducing terrorism and this will make people eager to maintain economic and social investments", the decline in human development indices was an important factor that helped produce terrorism through pressing social structures such as poverty, unemployment, corruption and the spread of a culture of violence.
The aim of the study was shedding light on the phenomenon of terrorism and its negative impact on human development. The study found among the most important results of the important impact of terrorism on human development remains low and declining Iraq sequence in the human development index. In the light of the findings above, the recommendations focused on the need to address the economic, social and political reasons behind terroris

The main objective of the research is to test the impact of the liquidity risk indicators of the banking sector (the index of trading, the index of investments to deposits, the index of cash and investment to assets, loans to deposits) in the profitability indicators of (rate of return on assets, rate of return on deposits, The right of ownership, the rate of return on available funds).
The research problem was formulated as follows: "The ability of the bank to maintain a certain amount of liquidity during its business leads to the effect of profitability", which reflects the reputation of the bank and the confidence of its clients in the face of their financial obligations.
Accordingly, the research focused on a number of objectives, including: (highlighting the role of the risks facing the bank in obtaining its liquidity and its impact on profitability through the use of a number of financial instruments), during the use of the ANOVA, for the period (2011-2015).
The most important conclusion is (the ratio of the effect of liquidity risk on profitability was high and moral in the banks sample research), The most important recommendation of the research is (the need to achieve returns from the funds accumulated in the studied banks through employment in the Islamic Sukuk shift to assets, which reflected on profitability positively).