Philosophical Studies

For nations to fulfil their mission of development, progress, and dignified living, cooperation and support are essential among their citizens. No member should view him/herself as anything other than a member of this system, whose goal is not limited to their own personal gain, but rather the common good. In achieving the common good lies his/her own interest, while self-centeredness and the pursuit of private interests harm the system to which they belong, and their common interest is not achieved.

It is well known that identity is a philosophy stemming from the reality of life، underpinned by the prevailing culture in its various forms and influenced by the policy adopted to view components. The prevailing political philosophy also has an impact on coexistence among components.

Today، the Iraqi individual lives in a world of multiple identities. There is no doubt that this individual carries more than one identity، and has multiple affiliations and loyalties. He says: I am an Arab، a Turkmen، or a Kurd، and at the same time he says: I am a Muslim، a Christian، a Mandaean، or something else. Despite this multiplicity and diversity، he must not forget or ignore his authentic identity، which explains to him the meaning of his true existence in belonging to one nation، one land، and one homeland in which he lived and was raised. This is his identity، the “Iraqi national identity،” which gives him the right to say with pride: I am Iraqi. This is the basic goal that the conscious intellectual or the enlightened rational cultural elites wanted to establish in the minds of the individuals of Iraqi society، by raising the issue of how to recognize، belong to، and be loyal to the Iraqi national identity، and how to give it priority and sovereignty over its own sub-identities، and defend it against the aggressive، alien، unscrupulous forces and policies that strive to fragment it and usurp its legitimate right to sovereignty، and aim to violate its sanctity and even marginalize it by spreading all kinds of hatred، animosity، sectarianism، and violence in the heart of this people with its many spectra، components، and loyalties.

I will attempt to define the concept of national identity and to clarify the different notions associated with it, as well as the intersections among them. This includes analyzing the elements and concepts of such influences on identity, and how they contribute to shaping the identity of individuals and societies.

Identity is formed through the self,that is ,through the harmony of the self with the mind. The self carries feeling and thinking, so it stands on reality, accepts desires and demands, unifies mental images, and confronts, the outside world

Identity is born from the interaction of memory and ideology, where media and literature fuel nostalgia for the past to construct a collective imagination that serves power. Ideology unifies communities but may drift toward totalitarianism, while memory becomes an instrument of domination and the rewriting of history. The modern state exploits heritage and the collective psyche to entrench obedience through the aura of the leader and the media, producing a consciousness subject to political influence. Thus, sectarianism and nationalism are reproduced, minds are conditioned to justify violence at the expense of plurality and citizenship, and freedom becomes captive to a unified thought.

National identity is the primary component of the conscience and culture of any nation. Accordingly, national identity includes and carries the basic and primary starting points and drivers of people's opinions and orientations towards their homelands, in light of the brutality, increase,

This research paper discusses the concept of citizenship from the perspective of the most moderate feminist movements, through its stand on the identity crisis and its political repercussions and its impact on national identity. The question of citizenship revolves around achieving social justice in countries that adopt democratic systems,

During the second half of the 1970s, Tunisia experienced multiple and complex political, social, and educational crises. Nonetheless, the Tunisian society at that period was unified thanks to the cohesion of its social fabric, the vitality of its cultural life, the solidity of its civic education, its deeply entrenched nationalsense of identity, and its elites’ commitment to the demands of democracy and citizenship. Tunisia’s civil organizations, especially the Tunisian General Labor Union,contributed to overcoming these crises which oftentimes threatened to unsettle national cohesion and disturb social peace. By assuming the role of active mediators between the government and the citizens, the different bodies that constituted the civil society in Tunisia helped prevent social violence and chaos. This article aims then to show how the philosophical movement, active in Tunisia at that time, had a significant impact in healing societal fractures, strengthening citizens\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' confidence, preserving cohesion among Tunisians, defending the idea of the rule of law and institutions, and the inevitability of social dialogue to preserve the national interests.

This paper seeks to shed light on the concept of the human constitution within the framework of the New Understanding of Islam proposed by the Sudanese thinker Mahmoud Mohamed Taha (1909–1985). Taha’s approach is grounded in the Qur'an, specifically the Meccan verses (the verses of principles). His project addresses building confidence and strengthening national identity in multicultural environments, such as the case of Iraq.

Identity is the constitution of belonging and the guide to the homeland. Iraq is nothing but diverse races, but what differs is ideology. They are intellectual mentalities and cultural affiliations that pour into one affiliation mold and aspire to establish a constructive constitution that develops identity with the educated Iraqi self in a fast-paced era known for modernization and technological developments that minds have favored and that conscious brains and ideas have adopted in a desire to develop Iraq and its educational and awareness-raising software that serves the consolidation of national and cultural identity in the midst of digital transformations. Accordingly, what cultural and national identity do we want in the midst of digital development that is increasing day by day?

Ibn Bajja was the first to call for a distinct epistemological understanding of spiritual forms and the realms of intellection. He emerged in an era marked by intense debates on the issues of reason, society, and religion.

Since God Almighty created mankind، they have been in constant search for what lies behind things and matters. Searching for the hidden truths and trying to philosophize matters in search of their truth in attempts to use the mind to think، ponder، and analyze in order to arrive at their wisdom is an integral part of this human makeup. It is that intersecting space between religion and philosophy،

Since the economy is the backbone of social life, it must have a deep knowledge of the governmental and cultural aspects. The political authority in the Islamic society must program and use all the tools and capabilities available in all fields to develop the livelihood of the society and raise the level of its welfare in distributing opportunities and opening the field for everyone who has an economic idea according to social justice. It is also the duty of every Muslim according to the rule of reason and Sharia to pay full attention to his livelihood and raise the level of his welfare according to the directives of the divine Sharia, so that he may benefit from it in his worldly affairs and his happiness in the afterlife. The Muslim must know that any effort in the way of raising the level of welfare for his family or his society is one of the best divine acts of worship. The face of the Islamic society should not be a face from which poverty and backwardness appear, just as a Muslim family should not show poverty and backwardness. This progress requires a comprehensive social culture in the arena of thought and belief, then in the arena of work, behavior, and individual and social activities.

Since prehistoric times, a social unity was formed in Iraq within its geographical borders, which came very close to the international formation with its ethnic diversity. During different eras, these ethnicities were able to create successive civilizations that gave Mesopotamia its national identity. Just as this diversity was comprehensive in its social and cultural variables and had aesthetic connotations for this country

The national identity began to take shape in the late Ottoman era, and the idea of Iraqi citizenship was born with the British occupation and the establishment of the Iraqi state. The first tasks of King Faisal I were to create a common Iraqi identity and enhance the sense of citizenship. The topic has occupied researchers and intellectuals since the establishment of the modern Iraqi state, due to crises, social fluctuations and wars, and due to his major Arab and regional role in the events that the region has been experiencing for a century.

While we do not deny the right of sub-identities, these identities have sometimes adopted the concepts of superiority, in addition to practicing isolation and relying on claims of exclusion, denial, oppression and marginalization. This is what we seek in this research; that is, to reveal it by examining the discourse of sub-identities in the philosophical blog, the autobiographical blog and the fictional novel, in addition to proposing methods of coexistence as presented by these blogs and in addition to our proposals, in order to find methods of coexistence in a world that is spacious for everyone and enjoys the same rights and duties.

Research into the project of empowering and strengthening national identity requires research into the distant stakes of the religious issue and issues of historical memory. Since human consciousness in its deep structure is a religious consciousness in various ways, and since man as man is a historical being, this inevitably calls for contemplation and theorizing about the extent of the interrelationship of the foundational dimensions of the human being along the path of thinking about empowering the creative national identity. From this perspective, we find that philosophical hermeneutics has provided the philosophy of religion with sufficient tools to open up horizons of dialogue between multiple local cultures, reaching the universal. In a related context, contemporary philosophical interests in issues of memory and history have clearly demonstrated the possibilities of establishing a critical historical memory that paves the way, beyond doubt, for the project of happy memory, and its repercussions on all levels, including the political.

This research paper discusses the concept of citizenship from the perspective of the most moderate feminist movements, through its stand on the identity crisis and its political repercussions and its impact on national identity. The question of citizenship revolves around achieving social justice in countries that adopt democratic systems, as it takes political modernity as an organizational basis and political legitimacy in establishing citizenship as a social and legal recognition in representing the free will of man. Citizenship is essentially difference and is a collective identity for individuals who fall under a specific geographical area that shares common features in culture and history. Especially since identity is not the product of a given prior to human existence; Rather, it is a political conception whose goal is to preserve the sovereignty of the state and the rights of individuals. Based on this, citizenship transcends national, racial and ethnic concepts. Citizenship is inseparable from feminism, as feminist discourse in its philosophical and political depth begins with the demand for rights, equality, justice and freedom. The essence of citizenship is formed in feminist expression through liberal democratic systems that bear the characteristic of cultural pluralism in the importance of empowering women as citizens equal to men in rights and duties. This is achieved through women’s contribution to political representation as a result of their social and economic empowerment, thus revealing their national and political identity and their role in building society and the state.