Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

The study aims to unveil the status of the addressee through their linguistic competence and its syntactic representation in their interpretations, in its various forms and manifestations. The research constitutes an approach that connects the grammatical heritage with the outcomes of linguistic theories, drawing on their concepts, perspectives, and analytical mechanisms in linguistic analysis. The study proceeds from a hypothesis that posits that the syntactic representations of the addressee function as a mirror of their linguistic competence, which is disclosed by the communicative context.
Adrawing on their concepts, perspectives, and analytical mechanisms in linguistic analysis. The study proceeds from a hypothesis that posits that the syntactic representations of the addressee function as a mirror of the addressee through their linguistic competence and its syntactic representation in their interpretations heritage with the outcomes of linguistic theories The research constitutes an approach that connects the grammatical to unveil the status.

Although the Holy Qur’an is a comprehensive rhetorical miracle, rhetorical studies have often focused on imagery and meaning while neglecting the auditory beauty of words and the harmony of sounds with their significance. This study seeks to reveal the role of auditory elements in achieving the psychological and aesthetic impact of the Qur’anic text. The Qur’an is not merely a written text carrying meanings; rather, it is a living discourse that is recited and heard, producing a direct effect on the listener. Hence emerges the concept of auditory rhetoric, which is concerned with studying the sounds and rhythms of the Qur’anic text, and how they influence the recipient both psychologically and aesthetically, while also reinforcing meaning. Throughout the centuries, rhetoricians and critics have paid great attention to this aspect, emphasizing that sound in the Qur’an is an inseparable part of its miraculous nature. From this perspective, my research addresses the topic: “Auditory Rhetoric in the Holy Qur’an: Surat Al-Shams as a Model.”The study is divided into three sections, I don’t claim perfection in my work.

The narrative character is one of the most important narrative structures in literary texts. It is not merely an artistic element but goes beyond that to become a means of revealing the social, cultural, and historical tensions surrounding human beings.However, the development of literary studies along with cultural criticism has shown that the narrative character is not only an artistic function but also a cultural representation reflecting the cultural systems in society. Cultural representation is understood as the process through which meaning is constructed within both social and literary discourse.Accordingly, studying the narrative character from its cultural dimension reveals multiple levels of reading. On the one hand, as a narrative structure, it contributes to the progression of events; on the other hand, it is a cultural-historical discourse that reshapes collective consciousness through literature.
In this context, the characters in Suleiman Al-Suddi’s novel (Seventeen Evenings) become fertile ground for analyzing the social and historical systems that govern human behavior and frame cultural identity.

This research explores the concept of union with the beloved, comparing the experiences of two poets from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds: Al-Husayn ibn Mansur al-Hallaj and the English poet Richard Broughton in his poem "Romeo and Juliet," which bears a striking resemblance to William Shakespeare's poetic drama of the same name. The idea of union with the beloved is clearly evident in the works of both poets.The introduction defines union with the beloved as the lover and their beloved becoming one, representing the culmination of love's purpose. The introduction also discusses the relationship between love and other poetic themes, such as praise, love poetry, pride, elegy, and others.Both poets employed different techniques to express the idea of union with the beloved, including the use of conditional clauses and the prominent use of repetition in their texts. The connotations of the vocabulary employed in the texts of the two poets contributed to enriching and reinforcing the idea of union with the beloved, such as the connotations of spirit, mountain, blending, mingling, and companionship, among others. The research also explored the relationship between love and death in human thought

One of the most prominent features of Abū Ḥayyān’s scholarly character is his independence in weighing and scrutinizing opinions. He does not suffice with reporting the views of different schools but subjects them to clear criteria of consistent analogy, authentic linguistic transmission, the aims of usage, and the context of recitation. Then, he weakens whatever lacks solid evidence. These “weakened causes” reveal much about his methodology: When does he accept grammatical reasoning, and when does he reject it? How does he give precedence to transmission over analogy, to analogy over mere assumption, or to Qurʾānic readings over the ijtihād of grammarians? From this arose the idea of the present study. It focuses specifically on instances of weakening, regarding them as a mirror of a precise critical method no less important than his instances of acceptance and preference.
According to the research plan, the study is divided into two sections. The first section provides a brief account of the life of Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalusī, while the second examines selected examples of Abū Ḥayyān’s weakening of grammatical explanations in relation to nouns.

Islam brought about significant changes in poetic texts, which became clearly evident in the works of poets—most notably Mutammim ibn Nuwayrah al-Yarbuʿī. Poets sought to establish a defined musical structure for poetry and used it as a tool to express their emotions and their stance toward life and the universe. Through poetry, one can unveil the innermost feelings of the human soul and the sources of its sorrow and joy, transporting us to realms broader than our external world. The Arabic qaṣīdah has undergone several transformations since ancient times. As pre-Islamic life changed, attempts at innovation began to emerge from within the very core of traditional poetic form. Signs of these changes appeared in poetry as early as the Umayyad era, due to the evolving religious and social life of Arab society. These changes also revealed the objective and emotional dimensions that contributed to shaping the elegy and from which its ideas were drawn.

The word “bi’sa” (wretched) appears in thirty-eight places in the verses of the Holy Quran, carrying different connotations according to the context in which it is used, distributed across different rhetorical contexts in the Quranic narratives. It appears in different contexts to describe the bad end, bad deeds, or arrogant and disbelieving people. “Bi’sa” is a past tense verb, invariable, yet it carries rhetorical connotations in the contexts of the miraculous verses of the Quran. These connotations are distributed among meanings including: contempt, rebuke, and indicating the bad end. It also aims to show the rhetorical function of the context in achieving an educational impact on the human soul, and how to positively charge the listener and achieve a persuasive and legal impact, and then to learn a lesson and take heed from what happened to previous nations by reflecting on the connotations of “bi’sa” in the contexts of the Quranic narratives, the rules of faith, as well as the context of guidance and warning, which contributes to deepening the understanding of Quranic rhetoric and demonstrating the Quranic miracle.

This study provides an analytical overview of Iraq’s environmental reality and the growing risks it poses to human security, as well as its implications for geopolitical dynamics and decision-making trends. It examines escalating challenges, including water scarcity, desertification, air and water pollution, and climate change, and shows how these pressures have evolved into direct threats to internal stability. Particular attention is given to transboundary water disputes and environmentally driven migration. The study also explains how environmental degradation intensifies economic and social fragility by undermining livelihoods and increasing poverty and unemployment. It argues that weak environmental governance amplifies future risks and limits prospects for sustainable development. The findings indicate that human security in Iraq is no longer confined to traditional security concerns, but is increasingly dependent on integrating environmental policies with geographic and political strategies. Strengthening state capacity to manage resources, prevent crises, and promote long-term stability is essential nationwide efforts

Ancient societies were concerned with population issues, a concern evident in the ideas of Greek philosophers and later developed in subsequent civilizations. Ibn Khaldun presented an advanced analytical perspective, linking population density to economic prosperity and state power. This study examines Ibn Khaldun's philosophy of population by analyzing his view of the relationship between population growth and human development, considering it an integrated relationship that influences the strength, continuity, and evolution of the state over time. The study begins with a central problem: understanding Ibn Khaldun's geographical philosophy of population growth, the extent to which the geographical environment influences population distribution, and how his ideas evolved into the features of an early population theory. The study posits that Ibn Khaldun linked large populations to urban development, and that the environment plays a significant role in population growth. His thought represents an early precursor to population theory. The study's importance lies in demonstrating his contribution to establishing a foundational vision for demography and human geography. The study employs a historical approach to analyze his ideas within their civilizational context and a functional approach to understand the relationship between population and the social system. The study was also defined thematically by analyzing his demographic thought, spatially by the Islamic world, especially the Maghreb, and temporally between (1377–1406 AD) related to the writing of the introduction.

This study examines the spatial distribution of gravel and sand quarries in Balad and Al-Dhuluiya districts by employing Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It seeks to identify the prevailing distribution pattern, the geographical factors affecting quarry locations, and the degree to which these locations correspond with environmental and regulatory criteria. Spatial data were compiled from satellite images, topographic maps, and field observations, then processed in a GIS environment to prepare digital maps showing quarry locations and density. The findings indicate that most quarries are concentrated close to river channels and within recent sedimentary deposits, which reflects the role of geomorphological and structural conditions in site selection. The results also reveal spatial variation in quarry density between the two districts according to geological conditions and local demand for construction materials.

This study aims to analyze the geographical distribution of oil companies in Kirkuk Governorate within the framework of industrial geography and to identify the natural and human factors influencing their location and role in supporting economic activity in the region. The research adopted the descriptive–analytical and spatial approaches, in addition to quantitative methods and the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze spatial data and produce maps showing the distribution of oil fields and operating companies. The results indicate that oil activity in Kirkuk is mainly concentrated within the Zagros Fold Belt, particularly in the major fields of Baba Kirkuk, Avana, Bai Hassan, Jambur, and Khabbaz. These fields are closely related to geological structures such as anticlines and sedimentary formations, including the Fatha, Injana, and Bai Hassan formations, which create suitable petroleum traps for hydrocarbon accumulation. The study also reveals a clear variation in daily oil production and the number of wells among the fields, with Baba Kirkuk field representing the highest production level. Several national and international oil companies operate in these fields, including the North Oil Company, BP, Schlumberger, and Halliburton, contributing to field development and oil production. The study highlights the importance of geological structures and infrastructure in determining the spatial distribution of oil activities in Kirkuk.

diseases in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. It explores the relationship between key climatic elements—solar radiation, temperature, heat waves, relative humidity, wind speed, and dust phenomena—and their effects on skin health. A field-based approach was adopted using a questionnaire distributed to 2,889 patients across Kirkuk, Dibis, Daquq, and Hawija districts. The data were analyzed using statistical methods, graphical tools, and thematic maps generated with ArcGIS 10.8 to identify spatial variations.
The findings indicate that most respondents reported a significant influence of climatic factors on disease aggravation. Heat waves showed the highest impact (82%), followed by high temperatures and solar radiation (over 76%). Relative humidity and dust phenomena also contributed notably to skin irritation, especially in open and agricultural areas. High temperatures and dust storms were the most aggravating conditions, while rainy weather was considered most favorable for recovery, highlighting the need to integrate climatic factors into public health planning.

This research addresses the topic of settlement in Yemen before Islam as a central issue in the study of the history of the Arabian Peninsula, as it represents a fundamental basis for understanding the development of human societies in the region across different historical periods. Yemen was characterized by unique geographical and natural features that contributed to attracting populations to settle there. Among the most prominent of these factors were the abundance of water resulting from seasonal rainfall, the presence of valleys and springs, and the fertility of agricultural lands, all of which supported the establishment of stable and sustainable agricultural activity. In addition, environmental diversity between highlands, coastal areas, and plains played an important role in shaping
The importance of Yemen was not limited to its natural resources, but was also reinforced by its strategic geographical location, which made it a vital link between East and West and a major corridor for ancient trade routes, particularly the trade in incense and frankincense. This contributed to the prosperity of commercial activity and the integration of the local

This research provides a historical and structural study of the "Mhalla" institution as the primary military, financial, and political tool for consolidating the authority of the Beys (Muradids and Husainids) in Tunisia during the modern era The study aims to trace this institution as a mobile governmental and administrative apparatus that embodied the relationship between central authority and tribal society The paper highlights the multifaceted roles of the Mhalla, ranging from its military functions in maintaining internal security, settling inter-tribal conflicts, and securing land borders, to its political role in establishing the Bey’s legitimacy and preparing the crown prince (Bey al-Mhalla) for governance Furthermore, the study examines the economic and social dimensions of the Mhalla as a mechanism for tax collection and extracting the "Lizma", tracing its negative impacts on rural agricultural production and its representation in popular memory Finally, the research analyzes the factors behind the decline and eventual obsolescence of this institution during the period (1814-1837), driven by demographic crises, epidemics, European consular pressure, and the emergence of the modern regular army.

The current research aimed to explore Self-Protection Behavior and Academic Well-being among students at Tikrit University, and to identify statistical differences in these two variables according to gender (male, female), as well as to investigate the nature of the correlation between them. To achieve these objectives, the researcher developed a "Self-Protection Behavior" scale consisting of (25) items and adopted the "Academic Well-being" scale by (Al-Tikriti, 2025), which consists of (38) items. The tools were applied to a random sample of (300) male and female students.
The statistical analysis yielded the following results:
The findings showed that the sample members possessed statistically significant levels of self-protection behavior and academic well-being. The results also revealed statistically significant differences in self-protection behavior in favor of females, while no significant differences were found in the level of academic well-being attributable to gender. Finally, the research found a statistically significant positive correlation between the practice of self-protection behavior and the enhancement of academic well-being among students, indicating the protective role this behavior plays in a student's psychological stability. Based on these findings, the researcher formulated a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract Civilizational communication values are fundamental values that should be instilled in learners, especially in history, which abounds in situations. This study aimed to identify effectiveness of the humanistic approach in teaching history to develop those values among fourth-grade literary students. To achieve this aim, research adopted the experimental method, and measurement tool was a scale of civilizational communication values situations. This tool was applied to a research sample of sixty-four fourth-grade literary students, divided into two groups: experimental group of thirty-one students and the control group of thirty-three students. Equivalence of two groups was verified before experiment. After conducting experiment, results showed effectiveness of humanistic approach in teaching history to develop civilizational communication values in favor of experimental group. In light of these results, research recommends revising and developing history curricula, emphasizing that educational objectives should include civilizational communication values, and focusing on them in the teacher's guide .

This study aimed to identify the effect of a strategy based on lateral thinking skills on acquiring grammatical concepts and developing grammatical analysis skills among fourth-grade preparatory school students in Arabic language. The researcher formulated three null hypotheses and conducted the experiment with fourth-grade preparatory school students during the first semester of the 2025-2026 academic year. The researcher then prepared the necessary research materials, namely a test for acquiring grammatical concepts and a grammatical analysis scale After conducting the experiment and administering the post-tests, the researcher quantified the results and found a statistically significant difference favoring the experimental group on the grammatical concepts test and the grammatical analysis scale. The researcher then proposed several suggestions, including conducting similar studies at different educational levels involving both genders to determine the impact of this strategy on acquiring grammatical concepts and developing grammatical analysis skills. The researcher recommended conducting similar studies with other variables and at different educational levels to assess its impact and effectiveness with other variables. The researcher also suggested several recommendations, including offering professional development courses to familiarize trainees with the key steps of this procedural strategy, with the aim of generalizing this experience to other levels within our educational institution that adopt this type of teaching.

The current research aimed to identify the level of professional courage among educational counselors and to examine the impact of a counseling program based on positive interventions in developing this courage. To achieve this, the researcher adopted the experimental method as the most appropriate approach for studying the effect of the independent variable (the counseling program) on the dependent variable (professional courage), employing an experimental design with two groups (experimental and control) and pre- and post-testing, based on the theory of Pury & Saylors (2017). The research population consisted of (460) male and female counselors in the General Directorate of Education in Saladin for the academic year (2025–2026). The research sample comprised (200) male and female educational counselors, selected via a random sampling method. The researcher developed a professional courage scale consisting of (30) items as the primary data collection tool, in addition to designing a counseling program of (10) sessions based on positive intervention techniques such as: developing strengths, gratitude, forgiveness, and hope. The results revealed statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the pre- and post-tests for the experimental group, favoring the post-test, indicating that the counseling program was effective in developing professional courage. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated a significant impact of positive interventions in enhancing the ability of educational counselors to face professional challenges.

This research aims to study digital addiction and its relationship to job performance among Diyala health workers. The researcher constructed a digital addiction scale consisting of (28) items. He also adopted the Qadouri scale (2021), which consisted of (22) items. After verifying their psychometric properties, these two research tools were applied to a sample of (100) A health employee at Al-Batoul Teaching Hospital (2024-2025). After collecting and correcting the responses, they were statistically processed using appropriate statistical methods (one-sample t-test, t-test for two independent samples, and Pearson's test) using the statistical package (SPSS). The results indicated a relationship between digital addiction and job performance. In light of the results, the researcher reached several recommendations and proposals.
2- The degree of digital addiction among healthcare workers was moderate.
4- There is a statistically significant relationship between digital addiction and job performance. The higher the digital addiction, the lower the job performance
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