DIRASAT TARBAWIYA

This study aimed to identify the impact of digital technology on the education system, particularly in accelerated learning schools. The research problem centered on identifying the gaps needed to address the challenges of digital technology and knowledge building in accelerated education. The study aimed to highlight these challenges and pose a set of questions about the implications of digital technology and knowledge building for educational staff in accelerated learning schools. The research problem also included understanding the relationship and impact of digital technology on knowledge building within these schools.

This research aims to present the jurisprudential issue and clarify the most preponderant opinion regarding fasting on Saturdays, drawing upon jurisprudential sources. It presents the evidence and opinions of jurists on the matter, along with a discussion of the arguments of those who permit and those who prohibit it.

This study investigates the nuture of the relationship between personality characteristics and transformational leadership among track and field coaches, based on the perspectives of track and field. It also examines potential differences in these attributes across different coaches. A descriptive-analytical approach was used to suit the research objectives.
The study sample consisted of 40 male and female athletes engaged in various track and field events from multiple Iraqi sports clubs. Two instruments were utilized for data collection: the first measured coaches’ personality traits, covering areas such as self-confidence, emotional regulation, creativity, responsibility, self-awareness, leadership, and decision-making. The second assessed transformational leadership, evaluating how coaches influence their athletes through motivation, emotional support, personal engagement, technical expertise, and reinforcement strategies. Both tools employed a five-point Likert scale (very high, high, moderate, low, very low) and accounted for both positive and negative item phrasing.
Results revealed that coaches generally exhibited strong positive personality traits, which significantly impacted athletes’ motivation and individual performance. A meaningful correlation was observed between personality traits and transformational leadership, highlighting the importance of personal characteristics in promoting effective coaching behavior. While no significant differences were found in overall transformational leadership
The study concludes that fostering positive personality traits in coaches can directly enhance athletic performance, particularly in individual track and field events requiring focus and discipline. Effective transformational leadership depends on a balanced combination of cognitive, technical, and psychological competencies. Recommendations include developing these personality traits in coaches, strengthening transformational leadership practices tailored to individual events, and conducting further research on additional psychological and training-related factors in track and field.

This research is concerned with innovative design of the name of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Arabic calligraphy. Chapter One outlines the research problem, its objectives, significance, scope, and definitions of key terms. Chapter Two presents the theoretical framework, with the first section addressing the concept of innovation in Arabic calligraphy compositions, and the second section exploring the design elements and principles of Arabic calligraphy. This is followed by the indicators of the theoretical framework. Chapter Three details the research methodology, employing a descriptive approach (content analysis). Chapter Four analyzes the samples, presents the results and conclusions, offers recommendations and suggestions, and lists the references used in this study.

The raw score based on the statistical procedures followed lay the researcher ,the raw were calculated for a sample of (100) male and female teachers from secondary schools, and the t-test was used for one sample to identify the statistical differences between the sample mean and the hypothetical mean, where the arithmetic mean of the sample was (38.5000), with a standard deviation of (4.37971), while the hypothetical mean was (32), and the calculated t-value appeared at a value of (11.694), which is greater than the table value of (1.99) at a significance level of (0.05) and a degree of freedom of (99).

This study aimed to examine the effect of immediate video feedback on short passing accuracy and psychological perception among youth soccer players aged (14–16) years It also seeks to measure the impact of immediate video feedback on kinesthetic perception related. An experimental design was employed, including an experimental group that received immediate video feedback and a control group that followed traditional training methods. The study sought to identify differences between pre- and post-test results, compare the performance of both groups, and determine the percentage of improvement in short passing accuracy and psychological perception. The findings indicated statistically significant improvements in favor of the experimental group in both variables, while no significant differences were found in the control group between pre- and post-tests. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the post-test results between the two groups in favor of the experimental group. The results suggest that immediate video feedback is an effective method for enhancing skill performance and psychological perception among youth soccer players. Therefore, it can be adopted as a complementary tool in training and skill assessment.

Many Palestinians were displaced as a result of the 1948 Nakba and the 1967 Six- day war. fleeing to Jordan, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and Lebanon. A large number settled in refugee camps. the Palestine Liberation Organization(PLO) Under the leadership of Yasser Arafat, Succumbed to immense pressures and agreed to peace negotiations.leading to return of many refugees to the Palestinian territories, Successive Palestinian governments absorbed them providing employment opportunities., and they integrated into society. provided leading normal lives in Palestine.
The Nahr al-Bared camp serves as a stark axample of the lives of Palestinians refugees in Lebanon. They exploited international aid to form armed groups against the Lebanon army , which strained Syria- Lebanon relations and prompted Lebanon to curtail the activities of these armed groups.

This study aims to analyze and measure the impact of operational efficiency on the profitability of local Iraqi banks during the period from 2018 to 2024. To achieve this objective, the research employs a descriptive-analytical approach utilizing panel data for a sample of 14 commercial and Islamic banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. Operational efficiency is operationalized through the Cost-to-Income Ratio (CIR), while profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), with the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards as a newly added independent variable. The advanced econometric analysis was estimated using EViews and Stata software.
The empirical results indicate a statistically significant inverse relationship between the cost-to-income ratio and bank profitability, confirming that banks maintaining a CIR below 50% exhibit superior financial performance. Furthermore, the study reveals that financial innovation and digital transformation significantly reduce transaction costs and enhance non-interest income. Conversely, macroeconomic instability, particularly inflation and exchange rate fluctuations, exerts negative pressure on the return on assets in the Iraqi banking environment.

The current study investigates social intelligence and its relationship to self-expression among art education students. The current research aims to (reveal the relationship between social intelligence and self-expression among art education students). The researchers adopted the descriptive method as it is the most suitable method to achieve the research goal. The research population included (93) male and female students, and (20) of them were chosen as a sample. The researchers develoed instrument, and they obtained its validity and reliability. One of the most prominent results of the research is that there is a researcher moderate positive correlation between the two variables, i.e., between social intelligence and self-expression among art education students. In light of this, the researchers reached a number of recommendations and suggestions.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a training program designed to develop rapid leg muscle strength through varied body positioning during resistance exercises, and to examine its impact on vertical and horizontal jump performance among basketball players. A two-group experimental design was adopted. The sample consisted of 16 players purposively selected from the first team of Al-Karkh Sports Club during the 2025 season, randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group of eight players each with group. The experimental group underwent a ten-week training program emphasizing body position variation during resistance exercises, while the control group continued their regular training without modification. A battery of field tests was applied, including: maximum leg strength via dynamometer, standing vertical jump, standing long jump, and a combined vertical-horizontal jump test with a barrier. Results of the t-tests revealed statistically significant differences at the (0.05) level favoring the experimental group in the post-test across most jump variables, whereas the control group's improvements did not reach statistical significance. The study concluded that incorporating varied body positions into resistance training significantly enhances explosive leg strength and improves both vertical and horizontal jump performance in basketball players.

This study examines the impact of high temperatures on beekeeping practices and honey production in Najaf Governorate. The findings indicate a statistically significant upward trend in temperature over time. To assess this trend, the study period was divided into three climatic cycles, each spanning 11 years. The average minimum temperatures across these cycles were 18.0°C, 18.4°C, and 19.9°C, respectively, while the average maximum temperatures were 31.3°C, 32.7°C, and 33.2°C, demonstrating a clear and continuous increase. This increase has had both direct and indirect effects on honeybee life, behavior, and productivity. Statistical analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient to examine the relationship between average temperatures (minimum and maximum) and honey production in 2024 revealed a weak, negative, and statistically insignificant inverse correlation (r = -0.333; p = 0.347). This suggests that as temperatures increase, honey production tends to decline.
Honey production decreased markedly from 23,348 kg in 2014 to 11,908 kg in 2024. Additionally, rising temperatures have contributed to the reduction of nectar-rich vegetation cover, the primary food source for honeybees. This has compelled beekeepers to adopt migratory practices during flowering seasons, relocating hives to northern regions of Iraq to sustain colony populations and maintain honey yields, despite the logistical and financial challenges involved. This shift is reflected in the observed decline in overall honey production.

This study explores the significance of the contextual evidence in the Qur’anic text in favoring interpretative opinions, especially in the verses related to rulings that govern acts of worship and transactions. It highlights the differences among scholars in their interpretation of meanings due to variations in interpretative approaches, linguistic and jurisprudential perceptions, and the multitude of surrounding evidence. The study emphasizes that the Qur’anic context, at its various levels—from the context of the verse and passage to the context of the surah and the overall purpose—serves as one of the strongest tools for uncovering the intended meaning and determining the most probable opinion when disputes arise. This is because the Qur’an interprets itself, and its indications are built on a coherent structure linking words, systems, and objectives. The necessity of studying the role of context in interpretation and preference is underscored, given the impact of misinterpretations on establishing Islamic rulings. This necessitates reliance in methodological criteria that ensure proper utilization of context and balance between the apparent meaning of expressions and supporting textual evidence.
Hence, the study aims to establish the concept of context, its types, and the conditions for its use as an evidentiary tool, along with practical applications to model verses of rulings, to demonstrate its role in constructing accurate interpretative and jurisprudential understanding.
The objectives include clarifying the legitimacy of context as a valid evidence and guiding interpretative and jurisprudential disagreements through objective standards based on the arrangement of verses and the aims of the discourse.

This study aimed to identify the effect of graded intensity physical exertion on blood glucose levels among female athletes. It tracked changes in glucose levels across successive stages of effort, from a resting state to maximum individual capacity. The research sample consisted of (10) female athletes from Al-Salam Sports Club, selected purposively. Blood glucose levels (mg/dL) were measured across six performance stages on a treadmill (rest, after 10 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, and 4 minutes) at individual speeds corresponding to each athlete’s heart rate. Data were statistically analyzed using the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, skewness coefficient, Repeated Measures ANOVA, and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, in addition to calculating the effect size using partial eta squared.
The results showed statistically significant differences between the different stages of exertion (F = 633.304, ηp² = 0.986). A slight but significant decrease was recorded during the first ten seconds, reflecting the onset of muscular glucose consumption, followed by a gradual rise in blood glucose as intensity increased. This rise is attributed to increased hepatic glucose production through liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in response to elevated stress hormones. The researchers recommended utilizing these results in designing standardized training programs for female athletes and in therapeutic programs for glucose disorders, while conducting complementary research on recovery and the impact of carbohydrate intake before and during physical exertion.

This research investigates the concept of transmutation, perceptions of meaning, and the possibility of interpreting this duality within decorative achievements. It focuses on the mechanisms of transformation and variation that elevate a work from simplicity of meaning to an exceptional state, leading to a deeper understanding of the emergent relationships and the formulation of the visual identity of decorative patterns. The researcher addressed this inquiry through a central question regarding transmutation and its aesthetic manifestations in decorative ornamentation, aiming to uncover these manifestations within the temporal succession and functional diversity of decorative production. Given that these works are inexhaustible by time or place, they allow for rich interpretations within the design structure, This positions this study as a foundation for broader research that enhances this analytical approach.
The theoretical framework is divided into two sections, the first exploring the meaning of transmutation and the second examining decorative representation and its formal structure in Islamic art. To reach these objectives, the researcher followed a descriptive-analytical methodology, where four models were selected from a total research population of forty-four, representing a ten percent sample. A specialized analysis tool was designed and validity for reliability and stability after being reviewed by expert referees to ensure its scientific suitability.
The study concluded with several key results, most notably that formal composition leads to a variable triad involving organization and its transformation, as well as dual geometric occupancy based on radial division and the expressive dimension embodied through textual meanings. The conclusions suggest that transformations in decorative art have produced a conceptual awareness that provides the artist with numerous options for new modes of appearance, aiming to transcend traditionalism while maintaining artistic origins as an active anchor within the work. Finally, the research proposes further exploration into heterogeneous dualities, specifically the relationship between calligraphic text and decorative composition and their combined expressive role in decorative achievements

Miniatures are not merely illustrations of texts, rather they transcend the limits of direct narration, to produce a complex artistic discourse in which the elements of the subject intertwine. From this standpoint, the researcher formulated the research problem through the following question: What is the expressive theme and its manifestations in the art of Islamic miniatures? The current research aims to reveal the expressive theme and its manifestations in the art of Islamic miniatures. The researchers did not specify (temporal and spatial boundaries) because the research adobts an openeded approach that seeks to provide convincing interpretations of a conceptual nature within the general structure of Islamic miniatures across multiple cultural contexts. The second chapter included the first section on the concept of the subject. The second section deals with the representations and embodiment of the expressive idea in Islamic miniatures, while the third section deals with the foundations of the structural map in Islamic miniatures. The third chapter included the research procedures following the descriptive analytical method, and the samples were chosen in a non-probability intentional way from the total research population of (30), and (3) samples were chosen from them. Then the questionnaire tool was designed to obtain validity and reliability, presented to the experts, and then the results and conclusions. The researchers recommended futther studies (representation and abstraction in Islamic miniatures and their role in building meaning), and after that the list of sources.

Beach soccer is considered a highly specialized sport due to the unique nature of its sandy playing surface and its complex physical and technical skills. This research sought to formulate a proposed strategy for the training and development of beach soccer in Iraq, in response to the urgent need to bridge the gap between the local reality and global advancements in the sport. The researcher adopted a descriptive utilizing a survey method, and applied to a sample comprising 30 youth-category players representing the clubs of Al-Nil, Al-Hashimiyya, Al-Mahawil, Jabala, and Al-Hilla during the 2025/2026 sports season. Furthermore, the study addressed the diagnosis of technical, administrative, and infrastructural obstacles facing the sport, while identifying the most pertinent physical and technical tests suited to the specific demands of performance on sand. The proposed strategy focused on establishing an integrated system that includes the standardization of training curricula and the enhancement of infrastructure, as well as the revitalization of age-group leagues. The study presents practical recommendations urging sports institutions—specifically the Iraqi Football Association—to adopt this scientific vision as a roadmap for elevating the standard of the sport and enhancing the competitive capabilities of national teams in international arenas.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic and anaerobic endurance training on selected physical variables among senior football players. The researcher employed the experimental method as it suits the nature of the research problem. The research population consisted of (24) senior players from Al-Fallujah Sports Club, selected through a purposive sampling technique. Four players were excluded due to absence during the main test, resulting in a final sample of (20) players who formed a single experimental group. Sample homogeneity was verified in age, height, weight, and training age, and skewness coefficients confirmed a normal distribution of data. The researcher designed a training program based on aerobic and anaerobic endurance exercises, which was reviewed and validated by specialists in sports training and football. The program comprised (24) training units delivered three times per week over a period of eight weeks. Statistical analysis indicated significant positive effects of the program on both aerobic endurance (2400 m) and anaerobic endurance (200 m), with aerobic endurance showing the greater improvement. Based on these findings, the researcher presented several recommendations relevant to the practical and training fields in football.

Unemployment is considend one of the most serious demographic problems plaguing most countries worldwide, and Iraq in particular. This study aims to define the nature and concept of unemployment by expanding its theoretical framework, addressing its types and methods of measurement, and attempting to identify the most important economic, social, and political factors that lead to its spread in societies. It also highlights the most significant negative consequences resulting from unemployment. The researcher adopted a descriptive and analytical approach, which established the spatial relationship between the phenomenon of unemployment and its negative effects in Al-Suwaira district, while identifying the factors influencing it. The SPSS (23) statistical software was used to conduct the investigation and arrive at accurate results regarding the phenomenon under study, as well as to determine its frequency and potential spread. ArcGIS 10.7.1 was used to represent the phenomenon in all its forms with great accuracy. The study revealed a high number of unemployed individuals in Al-Suwaira district in 2025, reaching 2,328, with the Al-Suwaira Space Center ranking first at 2,113. (10.7%) of the total unemployed in the second rank of unemployed in Al-Suwaira district., while Al-Tashimiya sub-district recorded (215) unemployed, representing (2.3%), ranking second among the unemployed in Suwayra District.

We must understand the role that physical expression plays within human psychology by examining its roots, and by referring to the instinctive and anthropological foundations and motivations for human physical movement, which, within a set of semantic systems, form a complete physical expression that, in turn, conveys specific signals and connotations. This is because drama originated with humanity itself, and physical expression was the primary form of social expression and communication. There were imitation dances, magic rituals, fertility dances, and religious rituals, each of which had a specific style and specific movements through which humans expressed specific intellectual content depending on the event and occasion. Therefore, the research problem stems from this question: (The effectiveness of physical expression and actor performance in Iraqi theater...?)
The researcher defined the scientific paths of the current research in four chapters: Chapter One: This included the methodological framework, encompassing the research problem and the need for it, defined by the following question: "How does the Iraqi actor deal with the effectiveness of physical expression and the actor's performance in theater...?"
The methodological framework also included the importance of the research, the need for it, the objectives, the temporal, spatial, and objective boundaries, and the definition of terms (effectiveness / physical expression / performance).
Chapter Two: This included the theoretical framework, which included two sections: Section One: Physical Expression Throughout the Ages. Section Two: The Effectiveness of Physical Expression in Theatrical Performance. This chapter also included the indicators of the theoretical framework.
Chapter Three: The procedural framework, its composition, tools, and selection of research samples.
It concluded with the results, including:
1. The circle of relationships through which the characters were governed was drawn through movement and gesture and did not require dialogue. Through movement, the actor was able to establish a mutually communicative relationship
2. The actor's performance was externally constructed, relying on physical prowess in embodying the character, which is consistent with indicators). According to the researcher's conclusions, including:
1. Modern theater has focused on the body in particular, considering it the primary starting point for reviving the elements of ritual, play, and spectacle, which constitute the essence of theater.

This study aims to examine the critiques directed by Orientalists toward the primary sources of Islamic history, particularly the Holy Qur’an, the Prophetic Sunnah, and historical writings. It also seeks to analyze the methodological foundations upon which these critiques are based and to evaluate them in light of the Islamic methodology of documentation and criticism.
The study adopts a critical analytical approach by tracing major Orientalist arguments, especially those related to the compilation of the Qur’an, the recording of the Sunnah, and the multiplicity of narratives in historical sources. It further presents the responses offered by both classical and contemporary Muslim scholars, which are grounded in the system of isnād (chain of transmission), the principles of al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl (evaluation of narrators), and the internal criticism of narroitions.
Moreover, the study seeks to highlight the distinctiveness of the Islamic methodology in writing history and to demonstrate its differences from Western approaches. It also calls for the development of a balanced scientific perspective that benefits from modern research tools without compromising the methodological foundations of the Islamic intellectual tradition.
The study concludes that Orientalist critiques are not of equal scientific value, and that many of them require methodological reconsideration. At the same time, the Islamic methodology possesses advanced critical tools that enable it to deal with historical narratives with a high degree of accuracy.

The current study, "The Use of Jute in Contemporary Iraqi Sculpture," is unique in introducing a new raw material and integrating it into the fundamental unit of sculptural work. This raises the question: To what extent is jute used in contemporary Iraqi sculpture in particular? . It represents a technical development that contributes to the composition of sculptural works within contemporary visual arts. The researcher found no comparable study on this topic. The current study comprises four chapters. The first chapter outlines the research problem, its significance, objectives, and limitations, as well as defining key terms .The current research aims to intentionally reveal the artistic characteristics employed in utilizing jute in the production of sculptural works within contemporary visual arts and to highlight the creative values involved in this process. The research problem: While visual artists have successfully incorporated many materials found in nature into their sculptural work, jute, a primary material in the construction of the sculptural structure, has emerged as the fundamental material for both production and encasing the sculpture. The researcher believes it is necessary to focus specifically on the use of jute yarn in contemporary sculpture. Furthermore, the researcher believes a serious study is needed to explore the broad range of applications this material offers within the fine arts. The research aims to reveal the use of jute in contemporary Iraqi sculpture. The temporal and spatial scope of the study is Iraq between 1970 and 2025. The thematic scope is to identify and demonstrate the potential and aesthetic value of using jute. As for the most important results: The Iraqi sculptor was able to present unique sculptural works through his boldness in employing a simple local raw material in a sculptural and formative artwork. Choosing a raw material such as (jute) gives the artist (sculptor) the objective uniqueness of originality in his choice of such a material within the environment of social heritage.

The current study examines "Cultural Marketing in Contemporary Plastic Arts and its Role in Art Education Students' Productions,". It aims to uncover the mechanisms by which marketing concepts are reflected in students' visual output. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a purposive sample of (3) artworks selected from a total research population of (86) projects. The theoretical framework consisted of two sections focusing on cultural marketing and contemporary plastic arts, deriving indicators that emphasize the cultural dimension in marketing social, political, and protest-related ideas. The results revealed a high utilization of civilizational themes, achieving a weighted mean of (2.3) and a percentage weight of (76.66%). The study concluded that cultural marketing contributes to enhancing the interaction between the artwork and the audience, and opening new conceptual horizons

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of employing the aesthetic approach on developing art appreciation among female students at the Institute of Fine Arts. To achieve the objective of the study, one null hypothesis was formulated and tested using a post-cognitive achievement test.
The study was limited to second- grade female students at the Institute of Fine Arts for Girls (Morning Study) in Baghdad Governorate during the academic year 2026-2027. The study focused on the subject of Art Appreciation taught to second- grade students. The research population consisted of 50 students, from which a sample of 30 students was selected.
An experimental design with two groups-an experimental group and a control group-was adopted. Each group consisted of 15 students. Teaching plans based on the aesthetic approach were prepared for the Art Appreciation course, and a cognitive achievement test was developed to measure students\' learning outcomes.
The collected data were analyzed using several statistical methods, including the independent-samples t-test and Pearson\'s correlation coefficient. The results indicated that the students in the experimental group who studied Art Appreciation through the aesthetic approach significan tly outperformed their counterparts in the control group who studied the same subject using the conventional teaching method.

The current study aims to identify the visual messages of contemporary technology in contemporary artworks and to reveal the most prominent formal, expressive, and aesthetic aspects associated with them. The importance of the research stems from the growing importance of digital technology and the transformations it has brought about in the visual and intellectual structure of contemporary art, as Digital media and modern technologies have become an essential part of contemporary artistic discourse.
The researcher adopted the descriptive approach using the content analysis method due to its suitability to the nature of the research. An analysis form was developed consisting of four main dimensions: the visual messages of contemporary technology, formal aspects, expressive and intellectual aspects, and aesthetic aspects. The form was applied to a purposive sample of (12) contemporary artworks produced in the year (2025).
The results of the research revealed a high presence of digital and technological symbols and modern visual effects within the artworks, in addition to the artists’ reliance on digital media and compositions inspired by the digital environment in constructing their artworks. The findings also showed a clear interest in formal aspects, particularly color relationships, formal organization, and modern technical treatments.
Furthermore, the results demonstrated the presence of intellectual themes related to technology and the expression of contemporary reality. The artworks were also characterized by a contemporary aesthetic nature based on unity, harmony, diversity, and visual stimulation, as well as the presence of innovative and experimental values in the artistic productions.
The research reached a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions that emphasized the importance of digital technology in the development of contemporary art and the necessity of benefiting from modern technologies and digital media in artistic practices and future academic studies

Internal conflict and the dominance of certain emotions may be among the most important motives driving poets to translate psychological reactions and feelings resulting from life experiences.
As poetry, is linked to emotions,It has been a medium for many poets, including Arif al-Saadi, to express their innermost feelings and reveal their struggles. Al-Saadi’s poetic discourse is sometimes direct and declarative, and at other times rich with artistic symbolism particulary. Al-Saadi, as a contemporary poet, suffered the loss of family and loved ones early in life, in addition to the hardships inflicted by a political system and the various wars that ravaged the country. These experiences left deep psychological and emotional scars, compounded by societal events, life's trials, and other conflicts that pained him. He expressed these struggles within the poems of his "Family" collection, which manifest as psychological impulses filled with pain and the internal conflict between desire and rejection. These crises and internal conflicts are not moments of weakness for the poet, but rather emotions that crowd his memory, giving birth to this creative expression. He crafts these emotions into structured linguistic forms imbued with poetic meanings that reveal the poet's suffering and pain.

This study adopted an advanced contextual analysis methodology to explore artificial intelligence strategies for improving software development processes within the Iraqi tech ecosystem, focusing on four key sectors: telecommunications (Asiacell), financial services (Zain Cash), e-government (the “Or” platform), and technology entrepreneurship (“The Station” incubator). The study utilized predictive modeling (linear regression), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), reliability growth models (NHPP), and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 4 software. The results showed that AI reduced the time required to complete each task in the telecommunications sector by 107 minutes (more than 55%) and increased productivity by 10.6%, while MANOVA analyses in the financial sector revealed that automatically generated code contains 2.74 times more security vulnerabilities than human-written code, with a 50% decrease in exception handling efficiency. In the government sector, NHPP models successfully predicted 453 latent defects in the “Or” platform, raising operational reliability to 92.1%, reducing downtime by 50%, and lowering maintenance costs by 25%. SEM results also showed that enabling factors (infrastructure and training) account for 58.4% of startups’ adoption of AI, with a negative barrier to low performance expectations (β = -0.115), while developers’ levels of distrust in AI outputs stood at 46%, and 56% of them confirmed their refusal to use generated code without manual modification, which calls for the adoption of strict national and security regulatory frameworks to balance productivity, reliability, and cybersecurity within the context of Iraqi digital sovereignty.

This paper will discuss the formation of identity in “Mud” (1986) through Maria Irene Fornes by exploring the relationship between knowledge, language, and social power in poverty and structural inequality. The play focuses on a woman, Mae, who believes that education is the way understanding and the surrounding world. Her wish to study triggers a process of intellectual awakening which slowly transforms her identity and disrupts boundaries that ignorance and social deprivation had placed on her. This paper uses an interdisciplinary approach that integrates identity theory, feminist theory and critical discourse analysis in examining how education, gender relations and language have a role to play in identity formation in the play. By means of close textual analysis, the study proves that the quest of knowledge among Mae makes her more conscious of social construct and leads for to challenge the authority systems. Simultaneously, her mental autonomy leads to the conflict in the relations she has with Lloyd and Henry who demonstrate the attitude of resistance and domination towards knowledge. The results indicate that education, social conflict and relations of power interact to form identity in “Mud”. Finally, the play defines intellectual awakening as empowering and isolating and shows the ambivalent character of the role of education in identity formation in a marginalized environment.

This study investigates generic references as a genuine manifestation of generality, arguing that the understanding of a type is fundamentally based on the notion of a prototypical instance representing that type. The study also adopts the cognitive mechanism of “INSTANCE FOR TYPE” as an important process contributing to the formation of generic meaning. The use of generic type is relatively restricted because it is associated with socially recognized classifications. Within hierarchical classification systems, these categories are mainly linked to the level of animals, whereas humans are rarely perceived as constituting a single generic type due to their uniqueness and diversity.

The study further demonstrates that generic references are influenced by four major determinants: the notions of uniqueness and inclusivity, the mechanism of “INSTANCE FOR TYPE,” the metonymy “TYPE FOR SUBTYPE,” and the conceptual blending between instance and type. These determinants help explain the distinction between definite and indefinite generic references and clarify why generic statements often allow irregularities and exceptions.

This study examines modernist objections to Qur’anic interpretation and clarification, focusing on Mustafa Bouhandi as a critical model. It revisits the conventional concept of tafsīr, its sources, and its scholarly conditions. The research problem lies in the confusion between the Qur’an’s clarity as a book of guidance and the need for scientific tools to understand it properly. Some modernist views replace disciplined interpretation with individual contemplation. They also regard the qualifications of the exegete as barriers to direct engagement with the Qur’an. The study adopts a descriptive, analytical, and critical methodology. It discusses Bouhandi’s claims in light of Qur’anic sciences, principles of interpretation, the Prophetic Sunnah, and the Arabic language

Islamic ornamentation is considerd one of the most prominent artistic achievements that embodied spiritual and aesthetic values, expressed cultural identity, and demonstrated the capacity for artistic innovation. It is distinguished by the diversity of its forms and the multiplicity of its applications. The research problem is posed by the following question: What is the representational dimension and its manifestations in decorative art? The research aims to uncover the representational dimension and its manifestations in decorative art within the thematic scope of studying the representational dimension and its manifestations in all types of decorative art. The spatial scope encompasses the Iranian and Turkish schools, and the temporal scope extends from 1370 AH (1950 CE) to 1446 AH (2024 CE). The second chapter presents the theoretical framework, including the nature of representation, its manifestations in decorative art, and the structure of decorative art in Islamic art. The third chapter details the research procedures, employing a descriptive-analytical approach. Samples were selected purposively from a total research population of 20, from which 3 samples were chosen. A questionnaire was then designed to ensure validity and reliability. The researcher presented it to the experts, then the results, discussions, and conclusions, and suggested a study on (The Functional Dimension of Figurative Decorations in Contemporary Islamic Painting), followed by a list of sources.