journal of Basic Sciences

Oversight is of great importance in organizing the affairs of society and the state and limiting financial, administrative and political corruption. Therefore, there must be legal frameworks that supervisory bodies depends on it and commit on it to achieve the best results.
Oversight is defined as: ((a process of monitoring, supervising and following up on the performance of individuals and institutions to ensure the implementation of plans, programs and legislation, and then followed by a process of evaluating and correction this performance in the event of any defect through guidance or accounting)).
The constitutional and legal frameworks for oversight mechanisms of all types have been defined in Iraq in accordance with the 2005 Constitution, but at the level of political reality, this oversight has not achieved meaningful results in combating corruption through the policy of quotas, bargaining, and pain Political compliments that disrupted the supervisory role in all aspects of the state, and thus the spread of corruption in all its forms. Embezzlement, bribery, theft of all kinds, money and drug laundering, and the spread of theft gangs and terrorist groups.

Reference is of great importance in the production of poets, as it is the basis on which they rely to discover new meanings, words, and ideas, it is the source from which the poet cannot control and does not run dry, from which he can illuminate the wonderful symbolism and credibility to reveal his experiences by biting them with different facts and facts. Literature is humane and humane, to which the poet resorts in every state of hunger that befalls him, such as joy, sadness, or love. Poetry is the outlet for this logic. We have drawn upon the work of Muttam bin Nuwayra based on the references from which he draws his texts. Through it, he expressed the events and circumstances he went through due to the death of his brother Malik and the anguish that accompanied it in the separation, the pain that made him cry. The poet knew the art of lamentation, from which he reaped nothing but the anguish of separation and diaspora that delivered him to another diaspora. From this vision, we trace the linguistic roots. For the term and what linguistic books and dictionaries contain about this origin of vocabulary, in addition to the terminological aspect that we approached from the definitions that critics have provided about this term and standing on these definitions, and from there we trace the references in poet’s texts from a historical reference in which we find out about the facts and incidents that he or she experienced.

We can express green areas as lands covered with vegetation, such as plantings of trees and shrubs, areas covered with grass, parks, playgrounds, game parks, electronic halls, public seating areas, and central islands, as green areas represent an important element inside and outside the city because of their aesthetic value and clear health effects on the city. It is important to educate city residents about the importance of green areas and how to preserve them as they are an important part of land use within the city .
This study aimed to determine the extent of consistency between the population of the city of Al-Aziziyah, which is part of Wasit Governorate, and the basic design area of the city, which amounts to (4.62 km2), in addition to reviewing the geographical distribution of the green and recreational areas in the city of Al-Aziziyah, which are represented by parks, amusement parks, swimming pools, youth centers, cafes, and public libraries. And football fields. The study came up with a set of proposals, the most important of which is that green and recreational spaces be commensurate with the city’s area and size, taking into account activities for females and males and according to age groups, as well as removing all encroachments on the spaces allocated to green areas within the basic design of the city.

through the study it was found that the problem of desertification has become prominent in the study area through the applying models that cause desertification and integrating them to explain the risks of desertification, It also became clear that the degrees of risk of desertification and its impact on vegetation cover were concentrated in the northern and northeastern sections of the region far from the tigris river, and identifying humid, semi-arid and dry areas through indicators of drought and soil degradation, It also showed the extent of the negative impacts on agricultural and pastoral among the most important of these effects is the spread of sand dunes and the decline in the productivity of one dunum of agricuItural crops in the study area, and investing in some less important agricultural crops that have a high ability to withstand drought conditions in addition to urban sprawl towards agricultural areas, this is reflected in the lack of economic development in those lands, the effects on agricultural lands were also represented by a gradual decrease in the depth of the surface layer of the soil, which is accompanied by the loss of nutrients necessary for pIant growth and a change in some of the physical and chemical properties of that layer, which negatively affects its fertility and production.

Life in Arab society in general changed after the Arab Spring revolutions, and in Iraqi society in particular
After the change, I took a step towards violence, murder, terrorism.
This change has not been far from the novel and its writers. Their writing has changed according to this change, including our writer. This study aims to familiarize itself with the images of death contained in the novel "The Triangle of Death", and how it has been dealt with by the writer.

The October speech was made up of a number of parties that were helped by the social and political context to be a part of it. These parties were divided between a producer of the speech and a recipient of it. There was a third party that was prevented by the protest circumstances from issuing a speech, so it waited for a period of time. To create his own speech for the demonstrations, and on this basis, the protest speech may be divided into four sections:
1- Protesters’ speech.
2- Government speech.
3- Letter of reference.
The process begins with the protesters’ speech, followed by the government’s speech, organized by the discourse of authority, while the speech of the political forces was late in producing an explicit speech, so they turned to a punitive speech that presents general principles. To wait for another stage and turn to frank discourse, and indeed, after the peak of the protest subsided, the features of the discourse of the political forces regarding the demonstrations became clear.
The study discusses the differences between the two generations (2011-2019) in terms of confronting discourse. The generation (2011) faced authority with dominant symbolisms represented by the symbolism of the “cleric,” which differs from what the protests of (2019) faced, represented by the symbolism of the “warrior.” This necessitates a change in the slogans and protest and rhetorical style of the protesters according to different contexts.

The research aimed to know the effect of using an information processing strategy on the metacognitive thinking of students of the Science Department at the College of Basic Education - Wasit University. In order to verify the goal, the research hypothesis was formulated, as the researcher used the experimental method, and the research community included third-year students in the Science Department, Branch Biology - College of Basic Education - Wasit University. The research community was adopted as a sample, as it consisted of (26) for the experimental group and (26) male and female students for the control group. The researcher carried out control procedures to verify the internal soundness of the experimental design, and the research tool was prepared, which is a measure of thinking about what Metacognitive, as it included (38) items distributed over three areas (planning, monitoring and control, and evaluation). The validity and relationship of the item to the total score of the scale were extracted, as well as the reliability was extracted. After applying the final scale to the research sample, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. ) to extract the results, as it showed the superiority of the experimental group that studied with the information processing strategy over the control group that studied with the traditional method, and in light of this result we conclude that there is a positive effect of the information processing strategy on metacognitive thinking compared to the traditional method for third-year students in the Science Department, Biology Branch, The researcher also came up with a set of recommendations, including paying attention to modern teaching strategies, including the information processing strategy .

Language scholars parsing the Quran in the late second century of the Hijra; fortifying the Book of God from any deviation. However, some grammarians and linguists delved into presenting more than one aspect of some Quranic resources, striving the noble text through the multiplicity of grammatical aspects, as well as distorting the noble verse from its intended meaning and significance. At the same time, they presented a singular interpretation of that resource, interpreting the grammar away from the meaning, while grammar is closely tied to meaning. It would have been preferable for them to suffice with a grammatical aspect that aligns with the intended semantic purpose for which the noble verse was revealed.

This research sheds light on the morphological issues where there is disagreement among scholars, as highlighted by Ash-Shanqiti in his interpretation "Adwa' Al-Bayan in Clarifying the Quran with the Quran". In his interpretation of certain morphological structures, he presents more than one opinion on the same issue, sometimes favoring a specific opinion and other times simply presenting the morphological disagreement without favoring one opinion over another.
Through our search in his interpretation, it was clear that his breadth of knowledge and linguistic richness, as well as his morphological expertise, led us to choose his work as the subject of our research due to the linguistic wealth we found in supporting his argument for the verse in its interpretation, especially in the morphological structure.

This study included estimation of some biochemical parameters GOT, GPT . Take (47) samples of diabetic patients serum type II(20) male and (27)fmale which in chided chemical treatment (drugs), (30) samples from health person as control group. From this study , the results Shows that is an increase in the value of the following parameters befor the treatment serum biochemical parameters such as glucose GOT, GPT . At the same time , the results before treatment of these patients and an in creasing after treatment but decreasing was noticed at stopping of the treatment. On the other hand , the results shows a sigmificant increase for free radicals during the measurement of for diabetic type II patients which was compared to control group (healthy persons)

The noble verses clarify the covering dress of women along with the behavior and actions that they must follow in order to preserve her chastity and religion with the aim of achieving the goals of Sharia by the impose of hijab on women. With the passage of time, girls move away from Sharia and thus, hijab has been influenced by Western fashion. It was overshadowed by the adornment of Jahiliah (the early pre-Islamic times) which has become considered a development and sophistication for girls as a result of their ignorance of the legal dress code that Islam has determined for them. Caustically, I viewed to collect and study the verses that deal with chastity and hijab involved in one of the contemporary exegeses, namely (Al amthal fi tafseer kitab Allah almunsal)- (alamthal in the exegesis of the revealed book of Allah) by Ayatollah Nasser Makarem Al-Shirazi to clarify the regulations of the complete -hijab-veil that Islam has prescribed for women.
From the results that achieved are:
The adornments which is permissible for a woman to reveal are her face, hands, rings, and kohl. Things that are not permissible to be uncovered are the necklace, bracelet, and anklets, along with their locations on the body. The spread of immorality, the increase of divorce, and corruption are among the results of canceling of the hijab. Moreover, the girl who is characterized by chastity, modesty, and the covering clothes attracts the attention of young men to be related with her.
There are other results that will be found in the conclusion of the research.

The changes that occurred in the waters of the Shatt al-Arab stream today necessitated the need to determine the concentration of the ammonia element in the waters of the Shatt al-Arab along the northern half, which is 70 km long out of a longitudinal section of 200 km, as geographic factors played a role in the locational and seasonal variation in the concentrations of the ammonia element in the water. As it results from the decomposition of household waste, civil waste, sewage and industrial waste, and urea fertilizers, high concentrations were also recorded in the wet season compared to the dry season due to rainfall that washes and transports the ammonia element from agricultural lands to the Shatt stream. High concentrations were also recorded in the fifth station, which is the mouth of the Karma Ali stream, compared to the rest of the stations. The phenomena of tides and rain, the amount of discharge, high temperatures, and increased evaporation also contributed to the variation in the concentration of the ammonia element in the longitudinal section studied.

The research aims to reveal the reality of the spatial distribution of primary education services in the Qurna district for the academic year (2022-2023 AD), the level of their functional efficiency, and their geographical distribution in relation to the population size of each residential neighborhood according to the planning standards in force locally. The study included two aspects: first, the spatial distribution of primary education institutions in the city of Qurna, It was shown through the study that the geographical distribution of primary education schools according to the average population size of each residential neighborhood is unplanned and unfair, while the second dealt with the level of efficiency of these institutions and the services they provide to their students according to demographic and educational indicators. We notice in general that the school/division indicator, Student/class is one of the most specific criteria. The research indicated that the number of primary schools in the city of Qurna is (39) schools occupying (19) buildings. Therefore, primary education suffers from double shifts, lack of school buildings, and high numerical density in the classroom causes confusion in the classroom, which is reflected in The scientific material is not delivered to students effectively as required, and the city needs (4) schools to achieve the ideal distribution of schools.

The current research aims to identify (the effectiveness of the (4 ES) strategy in acquiring grammatical concepts among Preparatory school students). To achieve this, the researcher followed the experimental method procedures which appropriate to the title of the research and he chosen an experimental design with a penalty control and a final test (post-test only) for two groups, the first group is experimental and the second group is the control.
The researcher set a single null hypothesis to achieve the research goal, and he randomly chose the research sample, which is (Al-Suwairah Preparatory School for Boys) in the north of Wasit Governorate. It reached (67)students, with (34) students for the experimental group who studied with the (4ES) strategy, and (33) students for the control group who was studied in the usual way.
The researcher also randomly chose Section (B) for the experimental group and Section (A) for the control group. The researcher balanced the students of the two research lists on the following variables (chronological age calculated in months, the academic achievement of the parents, the previous achievement of the individuals, and the intelligence test (Henmon Nelson’s mental ability). .
The researcher formulated (62) behavioral goals for the topics identified in the Arabic language book for the fifth scientific grade (Part One) and prepared typical plans for each group.
The researcher prepared the research tool, which is a posttest for the acquisition of grammatical concepts, as it included (21) items.
The researcher verified the validity and stability of the test, and extracted the difficulty factor, discriminatory power, and effectiveness of the false alternatives.
The researcher taught the students of both groups the same research during the experiment, which lasted a full semester for the academic year (2023-2024).
The researcher applied the tool - (the posttest for the acquisition of grammatical concepts) - after the end of the experiment period on Thursday (1/11/2024).
The researcher used the following statistical methods (t.test - chi-square - difficulty coefficient - discriminatory power - effectiveness of the false

Recently, electric generators are considered one of the most important basic the Iraqi people’s life means. Generators have been spread in Iraq and in the study area in particular. The electrical generators affect human health, because the noise sounds and polluting gases emitted from them spread over long distances and cannot be avoided. This research addresses the problem of generator noise and its pollutants in the study area and determines the extent of the problem on human health, as it took it upon itself to study and analyze this problem.
This research problem is the impact of the noise of electric generators and their pollutants on human health. This research aims to measure the level of noise of electric generators and examine the concentration of gases emitted from them that pollute the study area air taking various samples from the electric generators and comparing their results with the standards set by the global environmental organizations.
This research came out with a set of conclusions. The most important conclusions that the study area suffers from noise and air pollution due to frequent power outages forcing residents to use generators. Using generators cause noise pollution and pollute the atmosphere with harmful gases emitted from them. The research emphasizes activating the role of government agencies related to the noise and air pollution of electric generators, such as the Environment and Municipal Departments. Both departments determine the appropriate location and distance of all electric generators’ types. Through field inspection of the study area, we recommend that generator owners use generators with a silencer to reduce the generator’s noise. Also, we recommend to use high-quality fuel to reduce the generator’s harmful emission. After that, the areas that suffer from the noise and pollutants of electrical generators should be identified to find appropriate solutions to limit this problem spread.

The desired goal of that research is to investigate the numerical calculations of the impacts of the inclined magnetic field a cross the peristalsis influx of non- Newtonian hyperbolic tangent fluid at a porous medium and an asymmetric sinusoidal channel. The work was done by applying the numerical uniform perturbation method with assumptions based on the length of the longitudinal wave and adding to the small Reynolds number for the purpose of solving non-linear constitutive equations in two dimensions and in the Cartesian form of continuity, motion and energy. In addition to the concentration equations, for small Wiesenberg number, the solution was found for both the stream function and the temperature distribution as well as the concentration equation. They were discussed and a graphic using the mathematical program "Mathematica" soft wire.

A individually turbulent parabola problem of convective diffusion type with a discontinuous initial state is investigated. A certain free error function corresponding to the discontinuity in the initial state is determined. The difference between this analytical function and the solution of the parabola problem is approximated numerically. A coordinate transformation is used so that the layer-adapted mesh can be aligned with the inner layer in the solution. Numerical analysis of the associated numerical method is presented, which proves that the numerical method is a unified numerical method. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the point error limits determined in the research .

A individually turbulent parabola problem of convective diffusion type with a discontinuous initial state is investigated. A certain free error function corresponding to the discontinuity in the initial state is determined. The difference between this analytical function and the solution of the parabola problem is approximated numerically. A coordinate transformation is used so that the layer-adapted mesh can be aligned with the inner layer in the solution. Numerical analysis of the associated numerical method is presented, which proves that the numerical method is a unified numerical method. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the point error limits determined in the research .

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections, so our study has been aimed to determine the commonness of E.coli bacteria in patients with urinary tract infections, to study the sensitivity of the bacteria to antibiotics on 50 urine samples, collected from 50 patients in different age groups, They visited the Essaouira General Hospital in Wasit for the period from October 2023 to February 2024, where 14 (28%) isolates of E.coli bacteria were obtained from the total number of bacterial isolates that were isolated and diagnosed based on bacterial culture and the VITEK2 System.
Isolates of E.coli bacteria showed different sensitivity against (5) common antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Detection of the virulence factors associated with the E.coli showed that all of them were 100% capable of producing the enzyme catalase, and most of the isolates were characterized by multiple resistance to antibiotics, in addition to that all of the isolates of these bacteria were resistant to (Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin) While it was sensitive against (Amikacin , Ciprofloxacin , Cefepime ) .