Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences

The working class all over the world was subjected to persecution, and suffered deprivation, misery and exploitation from employers, administrations and states, and this constituted a fertile source for the history of human struggle against injustice and tyranny, leading to the achievement of social justice that was reached through social dialogue adopted by workers and employer organizations Or their organizations and government representatives, and each of these parties has reached an advanced degree of belief that it is working hard to achieve a balance between the interest of society and the interest of the parties in the work relationship. The International Labor Organization (ILO) in this regard, since its foundation in 1919, has played a major role in adopting social dialogue, which it considered the basis on which it built its approach. This led to workers’ participation in the management of the projects in which they work. Through effective social dialogue, understanding with employers, stability at work, sustainable development, equality and decent work for all are achieved. The parties to the work have come to believe that this approach is correct, as the collective and organizational concept has been resolved instead of the individual and contractual concept, and workers have become working in the project with employers or management for the development of joint work, and the concept of the project has become in the general sense means the economic unit of production, and in The labor law framework requires three elements to define the project, the first of which is a work that requires completion, the second is an authority that manages and supervises the implementation of the work, and the third is people who undertake the task of executing the work.

The main goal of using multivariate analysis method is to summarize the large number of data whose explanatory variables are correlated with each other by strong and complex relationships, i.e. most of them are simplistic methods that help the researcher form an idea and conclusion about these overlapping groups. The classical principal component analysis method is used to turn a set of related variables into orthogonal components called principal components, but it is difficult to deal with this data in the principal component method if the data matrix is nonlinear. We used (18) variables representing the governorates of Iraq and data about the number of people infected with the new Coronavirus, based on the daily epidemiological situation of the Public Health Department of the Iraqi Ministry of Health
This research aims to use Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) to deal with the Non-linear data set. It is similar to Principal Component Analysis but it's mapping the data in high dimensional space called feature space. The results show that the problem of linear multiplicity can be addressed by using principal component analysis method, where the correlated variables represented with a smaller number of orthogonal components, which amounted to (14) principal component that explained a percentage (84%) of the total variance.

The research seeks to highlight the importance of the organization's layout in creating a dynamic environment that interacts with surrounding situations and conditions to maintain high levels of productivity. The best or good layout ensures a high flow of information between offices and departments of the employees. The reasonable layout prevents cases of bottlenecks and delays in the departments that require physical proximity to each other regarding to their close administrative and functional connections. The research problem includes the delay in completing transactions in the studied departments and the bottlenecks that occur in some phases of the transactions during the procedures chain. The importance of the research relies on highlighting the positive effects that result from the application of the layout dimensions of the organization in the workplace, especially in an administrative work. The checklist was used as a research tool in order to verify the extent to which the layout dimensions of the organization are applied in some departments, which represented the research sample, within the Presidency of the University of Baghdad as a research community. The results showed that the layout of the examined departments of the presidency of the University of Baghdad, does not achieve the required convergence between departments to complete their daily tasks and assignments in a timely manner and to decrease employees' efforts and the overall costs incurred by the presidency of the University of Baghdad. The most essential recommendation is that the examined organization ought to pay enough attention to the dimensions of the organization’s layout, visibility and accessibility, by dealing with some issues related to employee productivity and quality of their outputs.

E-learning has become common and widespread at the present time, and for the success of any educational system, standards of quality that are agreed upon globally must be applied. Despite the importance of e-learning, there are no standards applied to measure the quality of e-learning in Iraqi universities. This study seeks to identify the level of application of quality standards for e-learning in the Technical College of Management / Baghdad from the teaching staff point of view, and in order to achieve the objective of this study, the descriptive and analytical approach was adopted, and an electronic questionnaire form consisting of (3) themes containing (29) questions. It embodied quality standards of e-learning, and was distributed to a random sample of teachers to reach a clear and comprehensive vision to know best practices related to meeting the quality requirements of e-learning and leveraging the level of educational process. A general analysis was adopted using the SPSS(23) program with the aim of explaining the extracted factors as expressing the reality of the level of application of quality standards for e-learning in the research sample, in addition to relying on a few other statistical methods to reach an integrated picture that contributes to explaining the studied reality. One of the most important conclusions of the research is that the e-learning system adopted in the college under study was of a high standard, which indicates the college's interest in the e-learning system according to quality standards, And, the most important recommendations of the research is the need to increase attention to the quality of the e-learning system by providing equipment and supplies, including necessary infrastructure to support and improve the quality of the e-learning system and academic programs.

This research aims to measure levels of organizational flexibility in the Ministry of Housing, Business, Municipalities and Public Works, and to indicate their impact in improving performance and achieving its goals. Analytical research was used and applied to a sample of directors, their assistants and heads of departments in four directorates of the Ministry: The General Directorate of Sewage, the General Directorate of Water, the General Directorate of Urban Planning, and the number of individuals in the sample is (119) individuals, and data were collected through a questionnaire, and a number of statistical methods were used to process the data, including arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos statistical programs. Most prominent conclusions of the study are good presence of flexibility in operations within the ministry and there is a follow-up to the processes and procedures that take place within the ministry in order to evaluate them, and in case of deviations, they are addressed and amended in a timely manner. The research recommends developing awareness among senior management and employees about the importance of organizational flexibility and the focusing on its application within the ministry to leverage the level of the administrative process in the ministry.

The main purpose of the research is to diagnose the role of transformational leadership in supporting the management of Ghazi Hariri Hospital in managing the crises it faces, especially after the outbreak of (Covid-19), as the research problem indicated weak interest in employing dimensions of transformational leadership represented by (ideal influence, motivation, inspiration, intellectual arousal, individual consideration, empowerment) when dealing with crises, and therefore the importance of the research is represented in the researchers’ attempt to propose a set of solutions that would reduce or treat this problem, and then the research objectives sought to conduct a descriptive analysis of the research variables and then test the correlation and influence among them. In order to achieve these goals, the descriptive analytical approach was used, as a questionnaire was designed using a number of ready-made indicators and measures after adapting it to suit the purposes of the current research. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of (56) hospital workers represented by directors of departments, divisions, and medical, nursing, technical and administrative units. After processing the data using tested non-parametric statistical tools such as the median, range and relative importance, as well as the simple linear regression analysis available in the statistical program (SPSS), and then coming up with a set of results that confirmed the validity of the main and subsidiary hypotheses of the research, and then the research recommended that the studied organization should be made aware of the successful experience of countries in the field of transformational leadership and investing their results in enhancing the enthusiasm of its human resources when carrying out the tasks and duties entrusted to them, which has a prominent role in crisis management.

This research aims to diagnose the nature of the joint impact of human and cognitive in building learning organizations within the framework of a dynamic and highly volatile and complex environment, and has raised questions about the problem of the research to whether learning organizations depend on human and cognitive resources available to achieve their success, in addition to the extent to which higher education organizations are interested in human and cognitive resources in general, and the College of Management and Economics in particular. The importance of research appeared in providing necessary solutions to enhance the role of human and cognitive capital in strengthening educated organizations and transfer them to advanced organizations based on knowledge, as for the most important objectives of the research is to show the correlation and impact between the variables researched. The society and the sample of the research are selected intentionally from the College of Management and Economics at Al-Mustansiriya University, and the size of the sample is (30) faculty members and statistical analysis methods are used, represented by correlation coefficient and simple regression analysis and the most important results is the existence of relationship and in pact between human capital and knowledge in the building of educated organizations, which indicates the potential and effectiveness of faculty members, yet they lack technical and technological tools and requirements to help them make an impact in the development of education. The most important recommendation of the research is to increase attention towards the process of training of college management to develop educational capabilities on modern technological means through which the college can move towards building and achieving and increasing learning.

Production companies fall under two opposite types of pressures, as they seek to store large quantities of products to cover the demand and to obtain customers satisfaction to increase profits, from one side, and to store the least possible quantity of products to reduce costs and reduce customers’ waiting time from the other side. An inventory composite model with continuous review based on the queue type (M/M/1: FCFS/∞/∞) is used. Studying the waiting queue by (WINQSB) program, it was found that the system occupancy rate was (97.9%) and the unoccupied rate was (2.09) and by solving the composite model using (LINGO Software), it was found that the costs of mineral water bottles of the three sizes produced are different, and for the purpose of reducing costs of the products an algorithms should be used to solve the composite model and compare its results with the results of the traditional method for choosing the lowest costs through the model.

The financial markets are considered to be of continuous, dynamic and accelerating movement, which leads to the need for techniques methods and means for analysis and decision-making, which push investors and analysts in the financial markets to use various analysis methods and forecasting approaches for the direction of the financial market movement to make decisions for different investments in order to determine the direction of the stock movement, thus the Support Vector Machine method (SVM) is used to classify financial stock data to determine the direction of the stock, whether it is in an upward or downward trend. The aim of the research is to classify the financial stock data using five variables, where data from The Iraqi Islamic Bank for Investment and Development is used to clarify the method of the Support Vector Machine. The results showed accuracy of this technique and the performance of the Support Vector Machine is good.

Commercial banks are considered as one of the pillars of the economic structure and one of the important tracks approved in the development of various economic sectors. Accordingly, the research dealt with the issue of the role of cash flows in the profitability of the bank and it sought to achieve a set of cognitive and applied goals, including theoretical and applied scientific investigation of cash flows through selecting (4) Iraqi private banks for the period (2009-2018). The problem of the research lies in the dialectic of the relationship between cash flows and the profitability of the bank, therefore a set of questions and two main hypotheses that reflect the link and the effect between the variables that are the subject of the research have been formulated to achieve the goal of the research and the mutual relationship between the variables of the research and to show the most important and necessary relationships and morale to get to the results of the impact of the independent variable in the dependent variable according to statistical tests used for this purpose. The (cash flows) have proven insignificant correlation with the profitability of the bank, which means the poor awareness of the banks for the importance of cash flows in the profitability of the bank, and this was confirmed by the first main hypothesis. Financial indicators were used for the analysis that express the cash flows and profitability of the bank for the research. Also (cash flows) proved an insignificant effect on the bank’s profitability.

Continuous and accelerating developments and changes facing Iraqi tourism environment, especially under the circumstances of competition locally, regionally and internationally, have led museums to adopt modern management concepts such as talent management in order to face these challenges, especially when most Iraqi museums lack many functional processes that are represented in attracting and selecting the best skills and experiences of talented individuals and their preservation in order to manage work in line with the organizational needs, which require the provision of high creative capabilities in order to meet these challenges quickly and efficiently. As the problem of the study indicated an effect of talent management strategies in achieving creativity in Iraqi museums, the research is to propose treatments and proposals for Iraqi museums and to put them into practice to provide talented human resources that have talents management with high capabilities and superior skills, as it is considered capable resources of creativity and innovation in those museums. The importance of the practical research is reflected in the rareness of studies dealing with the subject of this study in Iraq. The research attempts to measure the impact of talent management in achieving creativity in the Iraqi museums and the use of statistical tool in analyzing the data that works with opinion polls for a group of Iraqi antiquities specialists and analyzing them using non parametric measurement method, so that the study is more accurate.

The research aims mainly to show the most important internal environment factors that contribute to the application of cloud accounting services, and in order to achieve this goal, the descriptive analytical approach was used to analyze the opinion of the research sample. A questionnaire form was distributed to faculty members and the results showed that the internal environment factors (human resources, resources Financial, efficiency and effectiveness, security and protection of financial information) affect the application of cloud accounting, and one of the most important obstacles facing the application of cloud accounting are: poor internet availability, anxiety about extortion and the possibility of hacking the servers of service providers and hacking financial information, and in light of the above, the research emphasized the importance of cloud accounting and recommended benefiting from the experiences of training, developing and preparing qualified cadres in to use cloud accounting software in the countries that have previously implemented cloud accounting, setting security policies and penalties to limit server penetration and developing encryption tools to maintain the privacy and confidentiality of financial data.

The research aims to study and analyze the relationship between listening to the customer’s voice and entrepreneurial marketing. The research problem is about listening to the customer’s voice and using it in marketing their services, and the level of interest in the voice of the customer and the entrepreneurial marketing. As the most prominent telecommunications companies in Iraq (Zain Iraq - Asia Cell - Cork Telecom) were chosen as the research community. The customers using these networks were randomly selected as a sample for the research and an electronic questionnaire was used to collect data from those customers and the number of respondents were (253) answers. To analyze the data, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted and the advanced statistical program (SmartPLS) was used. The most important conclusion is the existence of an influence relationship between listening to voice of the customer in entrepreneurial marketing, in which Asiacell obtained the highest level of influence among the rest of the companies. The research focused its recommendations on the necessity of listening to the customer's voice and taking seriously the opinions and suggestions of customers, so their voice is the true measure of the service provided, and the necessity of applying the customer's voice program in its operations and paying attention to the application of entrepreneurial marketing practices as an alternative to traditional marketing.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants of organizational culture that stimulate innovation and the strength of their effect and to provide more methodological evidences that are addressing organizational cultural determinants, which stimulate or imped innovation in Commercial Companies. Based on the responses of the study sample that included 397 employees in (11) Palestinian companies, their age varied from 25 to more than 50 years old with administrative and executive positions, the results highlighted the role of organizational culture in stimulating innovation, thus helping the organization to achieve innovation. The study showed that there was a significant effect of organizational culture dimensions on innovation. Therefore, large- and medium commercial companies must take general, clear, and time-scheduled strategic and structural actions to promote and address the shortcoming in their customer focus levels, continued organizational learning, empowerment and clarity of changing work environment to enhance sharing knowledge to ensure an effective balance. In addition, it is necessary to emphasize interest in the development programs to gather and attract innovative workers.

Among possible solutions for a cleaner environment is reduction of using non-biodegradable materials to reduce the waste. Solid plastic waste is considered the most important kind of waste in the world, due to its non-decadence and its low organic decomposability. Therefore, it was advised to use this waste as reinforcing materials for concrete units, as it was used as a substitute for moraine in certain proportions and also as reinforcing fibers for concrete. This paper is a review of research investigations that focused on and highlighted the improvement of concrete by recycling waste-plastic food-package and using them as reinforcing fibers for concrete specimens. The impact of plastic waste fibers (PWFs) on workability, compressibility resistance, tensibility resistance, bending resistance, and elastic modulus are demonstrated. It has been noted that the fresh characteristics of concrete decline when mixing plastic fibers with concrete mixtures, while hardened characteristics could be improved by utilizing specific proportion of these fibers.

This study aims to examine some of the different methods used in measuring the quality of accounting information, where these methods use different approaches and classified according to these approaches. Each approach consists of different methods, and each method gives different result to the quality of accounting information in order to find the most suitable method to measure the accounting information in the Iraqi environment. By using a time series from 2005 to 2016 for 7 industrial companies listed in the Iraqi stock market. The study found that both of Francis et al. (2004) model and Kormendi and Lipe (1997) model are suitable for the Iraqi environment.

The present cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the perception of child maltreatment, knowledge of its predictors, and the ability to identify indicators of abuse and neglect by a sample of professionals working with children in Baghdad. The study group consisted of 90 doctors working in primary health care centers, 75 primary school teachers and 35 kindergartners. Total of 200 interviewees 90were present at the time of the interview, with a response rate of 84.4%. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used as the study instrument and the professionals were requested to complete this questionnaire. It consisted of demographic and professional data about participants and questions about their perception and recognition of child abuse and neglect. The study was carried out during the period from 15th of January through May 31st 2019, and was conducted in nineteen primary health care centers as well as eight primary schools and four kindergartens in Baghdad, which were all selected by the Simple Random Technique. The results show that primary health care doctors had a significantly higher perception with the highest being for ″severe beating that leaves marks″. 57.8% for abuse situations and ″inattention to child’s cleanliness". 84.4% for neglect situations. They showed greater capability of identifying indicators of child maltreatment, with the highest being for "stuttering″ and "thumb sucking″ 90% for both and the "child is very shy″ which is recognized by more than 80% for the three study groups. Only one factor as a predictor of child maltreatment was recognized by more than 80% of the three study groups which is ″marital and family problems″. The present study may reflect a weakness in the area of child mental health care by professionals working with children which calls for the introduction of mental health training programs to professional working with children.

Over the last few years, data mining makes a transition to new applications in medicine. Many people suffer from mental disorders because of absence of care in the health care sector, especially in the mental care. Lack of health records for patients of mental health, has been caused by many reasons, for example, patients’ hesitation to go the psychiatrist to follow-up their condition due high cost of examination fee, waiting time for their turn, and diagnosis inaccuracy. Classifiers are used to predict normal, addiction without disorder, addiction with disorder, or disorder without addiction patients’ cases. However, a rise in the cases of personality disorder and substance abuse. We used Naive Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor classification technique on dataset consists of opioid addicts patients derived from the United States of America to obtain high accuracy of mental disorder prediction. The precision of the NB classifier is (87%), and the precision of KNN classifier is (92%). This paper presents a new method for diagnosing mental disorders through data mining.

The estimation of the parameters of linear regression is based on the usual Least Square method, as this method is based on the estimation of several basic assumptions. Therefore, the accuracy of estimating the parameters of the model depends on the validity of these hypotheses. The most successful technique was the robust estimation method which is minimizing maximum likelihood estimator (MM-estimator) that proved its efficiency in this purpose. However, the use of the model becomes unrealistic and one of these assumptions is the uniformity of the variance and the normal distribution of the error. These assumptions are not achievable in the case of studying a specific problem that may include complex data of more than one model. To deal with this type of problem, a mixture of linear regression is used to model such data. In this article, we propose a genetic algorithm-based method combined with (MM-estimator), which is called in this article (RobGA), to improve the accuracy of the estimation in the final stage. We compare the suggested method with robust bi-square (MixBi) in terms of their application to real data representing blood sample. The results showed that RobGA is more efficient in estimating the parameters of the model than the MixBi method with respect to mean square error (MSE) and classification error (CE).