Kerbala International Journal of Management and Economics

This research aims to demonstrate the effect of servant leadership in improving job performance at the level of a sample of private secondary schools in Babil governorate , and in order to achieve this , the servant leadership variable was measured with five sub-dimensions (moral affection , empowerment, vision, humility, trust).Measuring job performance with three dimensions (task performance, creative performance, and organizational citizenship behavior). The research started with a major problem that included many questions revolving around the nature of the relationship between its variables in the field, the most important of which was ( What is the level of influence of servant leadership in its dimensions on job performance from the viewpoint of the research sample? ) . The research community included (21) private schools in Babel governorate, and the research sample reached (146) members of the teaching staff in those schools. The questionnaire was used as a main tool in collecting data and information needed for the research. For the purpose of analyzing and treating the data statistically, the research relied on a set of statistical methods available in the two programs (SPSS V.24; Amos V.23. Conclusions A set of recommendations have been formulated, the most prominent of which is the need to develop the level of awareness of principals in private schools of the concept of servant leadership, which is positively reflected in the creation of a work environment that enhances the self-motivation of individuals and contributes to improving their job performance.

This research aims to identify the role that the leaders of opinion and viral marketing play in enhancing the market share of the assets in order to achieve communication and success, and this requires them to have individuals who have the ability to influence customers as they are a source of information for their followers, and customers are motivated to share information through the use of viral marketing. Which leads them to increase their market share and achieve distinction in the markets in which they compete.
The research problem was identified based on an extrapolation of the reality of the researched assets and through the field study carried out by the researcher, where the researcher found a marked weakness in the practices of using opinion leaders and viral marketing, which was reflected in enhancing the market share.
(The private stores in the city of Mosul) were selected as a research community, and a group of workers was randomly selected as a sample for the research.
The researcher approved the questionnaire form after ensuring its validity and stability as a main tool for collecting field side data, and the five-point Likert scale was used to measure the research variables, and the primary data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Applications (SPSS) and the following statistical methods were used (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and weighted mean And multiple simple correlation coefficient and simple and multiple regression).
The study was reinforced by a set of hypotheses that were tested through a set of statistical analyzes that reflected the reality of those hypotheses, in the affirmative or negative, to arrive at a conclusion that supports the main hypotheses of the research.
The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was the weakness of the relative direction of communication between the administrative leadership in the stores with the opinion leaders.
Consistent with the content of the conclusions, the researcher came up with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is, the store must strengthen the process of communication with opinion leaders in order to increase its market share and maintain it in the markets in which it competes.

This study aimed to test the relationship of the impact of strategic agility on sustainable performance as a variable in the General Company for Grain Trading, based on the importance of the subject of study in public organizations and the role that those organizations have in society, the researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach in achieving this thesis, through data collection From a sample of director of departments, divisions and units, the number reached (269) respondents, based on the questionnaire form that included (21) items prepared according to ready-made standards for foreign and Arab studies, supported by personal interviews and field observations as tools to assist in their collection.
The study started from a purely problem represented by the main question: What is the role of strategic agility in the sustainable organizational performance of the General Company for Grain Trade? The researcher relied on the appropriate statistical analysis tools available in the SPSS and Amos programs to test the main study hypotheses.
The study came out with a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the magnitude of the impact of strategic agility on sustainable performance. The study recommended the necessity of enhancing strategic agility in the researched company.

" The current research aims to know the effect of Organizational Ambidexterity in promoting organizational health and to know the level of availability of research variables from the point of view of the surveyed sample, as the term organizational health is considered one of the modern terms that have dealt with the administrative and behavioral arena, which indicates the status of the organization. Healthy Organization, or the opposite, and then it is called (Unhealthy Organization), in addition to measuring the level of Organizational Ambidexterity at the researched company, and testing the nature of the relationship and impact between the two research variables, the research relied on the descriptive and analytical approach in presenting and discussing data, as the approach works In conjunction with the description of the case with its analysis and drawing of its conclusions, and by using a set of statistical methods in the (Spss) program, the data of the practical side were analyzed by collecting data by distributing (60) questionnaires to a sample of the investigated field members from which (45) questionnaires were retrieved from which they could be analyzed. A set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is achieving a significant impact of Organizational Ambidexterity in organizational health. The research recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: Increasing the preparation and implementation of plans to improve and develop performance through the practical scientific application of the philosophy of organizational prowess and attention to skills that aim to exploit existing opportunities and explore the future to achieve Meaningful and productive performance.

The importance of research appears through the growing interest in electoral work in Iraq, as well as the international interest in quality, which calls on electoral organizations to pay attention to the requirements for obtaining ISO/ TS 54001: 2019 to ensure their development, continuity, and keeping pace with the latest systems and technologies in the field of elections, and thus the sobriety of the electoral organization. The research aims to know the role of the quality management system in the work of electoral organizations, and the possibility of applying the main processes according to the international standard ISO/TS 54001: 2019. The research starts from the problem of limited application of quality and transparency standards in electoral processes, in addition to the need to raise the quality of operations and services provided by electoral organizations to electoral process partners. One of the most important recommendations of the research is the call to adopt a quality management system for electoral organizations according to the international standard ISO/TS 54001: 2019, and to promote a culture of quality and the philosophy of continuous development in the organizations, as well as work to create the capabilities and resources available to provide the best service to the beneficiaries, and to enhance the satisfaction of partners, leading to improvement. And the continuous development of the electoral process.

The Iraqi economy has suffered since the past decades and is still suffering from structural imbalances, being a rentier economy, as oil constitutes 90% of the state’s general revenues, as well as improper economic policies, including monetary policy with its qualitative and quantitative tools. The research is important from the importance of the investigated variables represented in interest rates and inflation rates as they are important indicators for any economy, and it also aims to show the impact of interest rates on inflation rates during the research period and in light of this, the research concluded that interest rates contribute to affecting inflation rates in Iraq.

The research aims to analyze the internal public debt and its effect on interest rates on loans and deposits for commercial banks and to find out the extent of the impact of this debt on interest rates for loans and deposits as well as diagnosing the financial policy in terms of strengths and weaknesses in Iraq, especially the management of public debt on the one hand and the ability of the banking sector in Supporting the government to face the financial crises it is exposed to. The research started from the problem of the worsening deficit of the government budget and resorting to internal borrowing and the extent of its impact on the interest rates of commercial banks. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the increase in the internal debt ratio from 13% of total public debt to 2010 To 33.6% of the total public debt for the year 2015 and is still increasing continuously, reaching 66.5 of the total public debt for the year 2020, and that interest rates on fixed and savings bank deposits are moving in a downward direction and continuously from 2007 to 2020. The research recommended the need to properly manage the public debt and set plans In the medium term, to address crises and work to monitor interest rate movements periodically and determine their impact on the elements of investment banking, especially a To invest in a cash credit portfolio and reduce the margin between interest paid on deposits and received from borrowers.

The study aims to shed light on commercial banks that suffer from the economic pressures experienced by the Iraqi economy in the field of money investment and loan portfolio management, which is reflected in the funding gap and financial performance of the banking sector. And how to deal with this type of variables in order to improve the performance of the bank. In its theoretical aspect, the study was based on Arab and foreign sources related to the subject of the study, and in its practical aspect, it relied on the data in the financial reports published for the Iraq Stock Exchange for banks, the study sample for the period (2005-2019). The study used a set of indicators represented by the financing gap indicator (the financing gap ratio) and the financial performance indicators (the rate of return on equity, the rate of return on assets, the rate of return on deposits). After analyzing the data using Excel and Eviews v.9, the study reached a set of conclusions The most important of them was: there is no significant causal relationship between the financing gap and the financing gap ratio and the financial performance indicators represented by (return on equity, return on assets and return on deposits).
The study recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which were: The bank’s management should seek to achieve a balance between adopting a conservative investment policy and avoiding liquidity risks and keeping money and between adopting a risky policy and investing money to achieve profits, which is the main objective of banks and exposing them to liquidity risks

The research sought to demonstrate the role of social media with its dimensions that include (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube) in promoting banking services with its dimensions that include (advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing), as an exploratory study in a sample of private commercial banks In the holy province of Karbala, which is (Baghdad Bank, National Bank of Iraq, Iraqi Credit Bank, Babel Bank, and Iraqi Union Bank).The sample included (30) individuals from managers and their assistants, divisional and units directors to whom the questionnaire was distributed in the research sample banks. The research data were analyzed using multiple statistical methods and using the statistical analysis program (SPSS). According to the results of the research, a set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that there is an important role for social media in promoting banking services provided by research sample banks. In light of the conclusions reached, the research was concluded with several recommendations, the most prominent of which are the need to enhance interest in social media with its dimensions because of this of great importance in promoting banking services, especially at the present time, and what is happening in terms of imposing a curfew and recommending social distancing due to the Corona pandemic, which imposed on institutions in the whole world to deal electronically instead of physical dealings.

The main objective of the research is to introduce the conceptual and applied framework of momentum indicators in the foreign exchange market, or what is known as the forex market, and the trading mechanisms and procedures used in it, and then shed light on some of the methods that traders use to predict the direction of foreign exchange rates in circulation.
After reviewing the various theoretical aspects related to the foreign exchange market, the research worked on the practical side to try to uncover some trend indicators in technical analysis to forecast foreign exchange rates in circulation, by studying the indicators and applying them to the foreign exchange rate. The US dollar against the Iraqi dinar for the period 2010-2020 The research found results indicating the effectiveness of momentum indicators in the forex market and the speculation based on them, which contribute to neutralizing the times of execution of buy and sell orders, as it gives many signals, the most important of which is warning traders of a reversal of the price trend. The research ended with recommendations, the most important of which is that the trader who wants to maximize his returns and profits and rationalize his investment decisions in the forex market should use technical analysis indicators after he has finished knowing the basics of trading in the currency market. .

The aim of the research is to show the extent of the bank’s interest in developing its internal information systems based on potential problems and opportunities and by identifying strengths and weaknesses in order to design an information system that takes the opinions of employees and customers into consideration and suits their aspirations in light of the fierce competition environment, and then knowing the extent of its impact on the dimensions of banking reputation. For this reason, the National Bank of Iraq was chosen, which relied on modern information systems and completed an electronic application on the phone that provides customers with many banking services. For this, an electronic questionnaire form was distributed to a sample of (44) bank employees, and then using the spssv23 statistical program to test Assumptions according to the simple linear regression model as well as the Excel program to determine the relative importance of the answers of the research sample, and the research showed that the bank management provides an integrated information system that helps employees perform their tasks and helps them to be creative. internally, which contributes to enhancing its reputation with customers.

There is agreement on the lack of awareness of the management of Iraqi economic units, due to the importance of observing sustainability standards and simultaneous engineering tools in an integrated manner, in addition to the weakness of its accounting system in providing the detailed accounting information necessary for product development, and in order to address this problem, the research aims mainly to study and analyze aspects of The integration between the tool of deploying the quality function, one of the tools of concurrent engineering and sustainability standards, and its reflection in improving product quality, In order to achieve the goal of the research, the Qudayfa laboratory in Babil Governorate was chosen as a research community, and in the sewing workshop as the research sample. The most important conclusions are that the economic unit of the research community did not take into account, especially the standard CN0603 (building products and furnishings), which is concerned with identifying sustainability indicators in similar industries, as well as not classifying concurrent engineering mechanisms, This paved the way for the implementation of this integrated framework, as it contributes to achieving a wide range of competitive advantages for the economic unit of the research sample, as represented by reducing manufacturing costs, reducing the time for the product to reach the market, and increasing the customer’s interest in the product as it bears with the quality standards and measures assumed.

The research aims to demonstrate the role of resource consumption accounting in achieving competitive precedents of cost, quality, time, innovation and flexibility and trying to apply it in Iraqi industrial and economic units, by making use of resource consumption accounting as one of the most important strategic cost management techniques in the field of cost accounting and managerial accounting Provides more accurate and appropriate information on resources and reveals idle energy that cannot be provided by traditional cost-effective systems, and to achieve the goal of this research, the descriptive approach was used by designing a questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data and information and distributed to workers in a group of industrial companies operating in the city of Diwaniyah. Analyzing the data using the statistical program SPSS and the research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a positive correlation and a strong and significant influence for accounting for resource consumption in achieving the precedence of competitive advantage individually and collectively in the factories. The research sample This indicates the possibility of the impact of resource consumption accounting on precedence Competitiveness in the factories surveyed. Which came in line with the recommendations, including the need to apply contemporary cost-effective techniques, including the technique of accounting for resource consumption, because of its clear role in achieving the precedents of competitive advantage. The cost of theproduct.