Kerbala International Journal of Management and Economics

Abstract :
The current research is based on showing the importance of using reverse marketing strategies to control or limit the process of random and non-consumption of products. The study dealt with an important and vital topic that focuses on the diagnosis of the role of reverse marketing strategies in the factors affecting consumer behavior, In particular, which dealt with clarifying the reality and nature of this concept ,The problem of the study was reflected in the main question: Do reverse marketing strategies play a role in factors influencing consumer behavior in restaurants surveyed , The aim of the study is to shed light on what reverse marketing strategies are and how they affect the behavior of the consumer and the extent to which restaurants adopt the research society for these strategies and the behavior of the consumer in its dimensions, The questionnaire was used as a primary tool for collecting data from the sample , While the responses were analyzed using the weighted mean and standard deviation, as well as the test (F, T) and the interpretation factor (R2).
The study reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which are: Reverse marketing strategies have a role in rationalizing consumer behavior on which they are based to make consistent recommendations .

The Research Objective Of Main Is To Determine The Nature Of The Relationship Between The Work Ethics And Emotional Exhaustion , Based On A Basic Problem Identified By Several Questions Including The Extent Of Understanding The Influential Relationships Between The Variables At The Field Level, The Work Ethics Variable Was Measured Based On The Model (Abraheem, 2010) Which Consists Of Four Dimensions (Activities Ethics, Individual Ethics, Leadership Ethics, Organizational Infrastructure Ethics), The Adoption Of A Model (Demerouti et al. ,2010) To Measure The Emotional Exhaustion, A One-Dimensional Variabl, Some Private Schools In Karbala Governorate Were Chosen As Research Fields Through A Questionnaire Distributed To (210) Members Of Their Teaching Staff, Was Done Use Of Confirmatory Factor Analysis , A Set Of Measures Of Statistical Descriptive , Rank Correlation Coefficient (Spearman), Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) , , These Methods Have Been Used By Statistical Software (SPSS ; Amos), The Research Has Reached Several Conclusions, The Most Important Of Which Is That Work Ethics Has An Effective Role In Reducing The Emotional Exhaustion Of Teaching Staff In The Schools Searched. The Research Concluded With A Number Of Appropriate Recommendations.

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of green intellectual capital In order to achieve this, the study adopted Hughes & Morgan 2007 dimensions of entrepreneur approach (risk taking, creativity, proactive, aggressive competitiveness, independence), and adopted Chen, 2008 dimensions of the green intellectual capital (green human capital, capital Green structure, green social capital). The study population was represented by the University of Wareth Al- anbia. A questionnaire was used to measure the study variable . 120 questionnaires were distributed, 94 of which were analyzed.
The study has reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a strong positive relationship between green intellectual capital and entrepreneurial orientation. The study concluded with a set of recommendations and was among the most important recommendations is To take care of the subject of knowledge and green intellectual assets and to expand studies and researches related to them in such a way that investment of these assets can be an investment that contributes to maximizing physical

Abstract:

The research aims at identifying the impact of Supply strategies (vertical integration strategy and external supply strategy) in customer satisfaction , In the industrial sector represented by the General Company for Battery Industry, which is one of the productive companies that contribute to the development of the national economy as a research community, the questionair was used as a tool for collection the data that was distributed to the research sample which included (45) respondents, has be used a set of statistical methods to test the hypothesis of research through the adoption of the statistical program (SPSS).
The research ers reached a set of conclusions , the most important of them was : all independent variables have a significant impact on achieving customer satisfaction and the management of the company is highly dependent on the strategy of the single supplier, while the most important recommendations was : that the management of the company should adopt the strategy of vertical integration (front and back) for the manufacture of modern SMF batteries in the near future to meet the needs and desires of customers .
Keywords: Vertical integration strategy , External supply strategy, customer satisfaction.

The purpose of the current research is to know the effect of green marketing, And represented by (eliminating or minimizing the concept of waste , restructuring the concept of the product , clarity of the relation between price and cost , and making the environmental orientation profitable) owned by the investigated sample , in the purchasing behavior of consumers , As a key tool for gathering the necessary data needed to achieve its goal . A total of (110) forms were used to determine the level of availability of green marketing and purchasing behavior of consumers. A total of 100 forms were retrieved, and a number of statistical methods were used, such as arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficients, and simple and multiple regression coefficients. The results of the study showed that there is a significant positive correlation between green marketing and the consumer behavior of the sample. In addition, the research showed that there is a direct correlation between green marketing and its dimensions in the consumer behavior of the sample. The research reached a number of important recommendations, perhaps the most prominent of which is the sample to be confirmed to emphasize the use of technology and modern methods in the production of products in order to get rid of mistakes.

Abstract
This research seeks to test the relationship between perceived organizational justice and
Job Embeddedness through the existence of organizational confidence as an intermediary
variable between the employees of the Department of Education of Karbala governorate.
The data and information related to the research were collected through the design of a
questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 91 employees In order to explore the
availability of research variables, the dimensions of the perceived organizational justice
variable (distributive justice, procedural justice and interactive justice) were adopted as an
independent variable Based on (Kaur: 2016, 2), the organizational confidence dimensions
of (trust in senior management, trust in supervisors and trust in co-workers) were
adopted as an intermediary variable based on (porumbescu; etal: 2013,159) As well as
adoption of Job Embeddedness dimensions of (fit, linkages and sacrifice) as a dependent
variable based on (Mallol and Holtom, 2007: 36) In order to achieve the objective of the
research, the main and secondary hypotheses that reflect the relationship between
perceived organizational justice and Job Embeddedness were adopted through
organizational confidence as an intermediary variable between them. To calculate the
persistence coefficient, researchers used the Alpha Kronbach method to measure the
stability of the resolution by adopting Spss outputs. V.23 In this study, the simple
correlation coefficient (Person) In order to test the hypotheses of the research and to test
the intermediate role of the organizational confidence variable between perceived
organizational justice and the functional induction variable, the (Amos V.20) program was
used The research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is that the
perceived organizational justice in general is of a good level, especially after the
distributive justice, that is, the behavior of some managers is fair in dealing with
subordinates, and the feeling of a large proportion of the sample is equal to what they
receive The most important recommendations recommended by the research is the need
to increase the knowledge of the Department investigated the concepts of organizational
justice perception and organizational confidence as well as career induction that
contributes to enhancing the capabilities of its staff .

Abstract:
This study sought to focus on the most important modern methods used to limit
creative accounting practices, namely the SOX Act, and the role of the requirements of
this law in limiting these practices because of its importance as a modern approach to
enhance confidence in accounting and auditing, Through an analytical study of the views
of a sample of employees in Iraqi banks. In order to achieve this, the researchers used
the analytical descriptive method through a questionnaire that was prepared according to
the Likert quintile scale to ascertain the validity of the hypotheses of the study. The
number of respondents was 52 and the results were analyzed by the statistical program
(SPSS). The results of the study proved the negation of the five null hypothesis and the
acceptance of the alternative hypothesis for them. There is a positive relationship of
significant significance between the creative accounting practices and the requirements of
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the SOX Law, The existence of a significant negative relationship between creative
accounting practices and reliability of reports, and the existence of a positive relationship
of significant significance between the requirements of the law of SOX and the reliability
of financial reports at the level of statistical significance less than (0.05), In addition to
having a direct moral effect of these practices on the reliability of financial reports at the
level of statistical significance (0.01). The requirements of the SOX Act have a positive
role to play in the indirect impact of creative accounting practices on the reliability of
financial reporting.

The research aims at identifying the relationship played by the rationalization of
spending on production costs in the Iraqi industrial companies in achieving the quality of
production and customer and customer satisfaction by conducting an analysis of the costs
incurred by these companies on the production costs for the financial years investigated
and compared with the size of the number of units produced and the volume of sales and
performance ratios For the same period.
To achieve this objective, the research was applied to a sample of Iraqi industrial
companies whose data are presented in the Securities Commission represented by (Iraqi
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Company for Carpets and Furniture, Iraqi Engineering Works Company, Iraqi Company
for the manufacture of cardboard materials) by relying on production reports, (2013-
2014-2015) through which access to research objectives was achieved.
The most important finding of the research is that there is a strong relationship
between the process of rationalizing production costs and increasing the quality of
products by increasing the number of units sold and the high performance of the
company and increasing the satisfaction of customers about the company's industrial
processes, which is reflected in the increase in demand for goods and services provided.
The most important thing recommended by the research is the need for Iraqi industrial
companies to rationalize spending on the costs of production and manufacturing services
through the shift to mechanical production and reduce the proportion of manual labor and
reduce the proportion of waste materials.

The research aims at identifying the nature of sustainable development and the process
of auditing and evaluating the sustainable performance and the auditing and control
standards. The research aims to apply a process of sustainable auditing and evaluation
on the research sample to show their contribution to achieving sustainable development
by measuring the impact of the Ministry of Education activities on the dimensions and
objectives of sustainable development, The study reached a number of conclusions, the
most important of which was the lack of financial allocations allocated to the Ministry of
Education during the years of research. In 2017, it reached 1% of the total state
expenditure. Of the rest of the ministries (such as defense, interior .... etc.), As theresearch found a number of recommendations, including the need to put the government
within its policy priority of education and investment in human capital, to achieve the
benefit of the current generation and future generations to achieve sustainabledevelopment.

The of research is to show the mechanism of the Favar model to show the
importance of the monetary policy tools in the performance indicators of the efficiency of
the monetary policy presented by the model as indicators to measure the health of the
macro economy and the extent of the impact of the tools of monetary authority which
vary from country to country according to the degree of economic and political
development and the banking and financial sector, And activating monetary policy through
the exercise of quantitative instruments and has an important role as a channel to
transfer the monetary authority to the economy and the formulation and implementation of
monetary policy, which are related to the extent of independence of the Central Bank and
the freedom to use the mixture of tools (The use of the Favar model to measure the
effect of monetary policy on performance indicators of monetary policy efficiency) in order
to study the relations between quantitative monetary power tools (re-discount rate,
Reserve requirements, central bank purchases, central bank sales) and performance
indicators of US monetary policy efficiency for the period 1990-2017.
The importance of the study is reflected in the presentation of economic views on the
course of monetary policy and the reflection of tools in the economy through the transfer
of shocks of monetary policy to the economy through the indicators of the performance of
monetary policy so as to strengthen the role of central banks in the formulation and
implementation of monetary policy because the impact of monetary shocks of monetary
policy tools in the activity Economic policy is one of the most important topics in
macroeconomic analysis, where monetary policy is the most effective in achieving
economic growth through the procedures and tools of the Central Bank to influence the
level of economic activity. The monetary policy in the countries of the study sample and
analysis of the tools of the Central Bank and indicators of the performance of monetary
policy for the period 1990-2017 and the definition of macroeconomic variables included
in the FAVAR model, which expresses the indicators of the performance of short and long
term monetary policy efficiency and the assessment and measurement of correlation
between the tools of the Central Bank and efficiency performance indicators Monetary
Policy for the period 1990 - 2017 and an analysis of the direction of the causal

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relationship between the tools of the Central Bank and the indicators of thإ efficiency of
monetary policy.

The technological changes in the global economy are the main engine of structural and economic changes towards the digital economy. Among these, the tourism sector is one of the sectors that led the shift towards the digital tourism sector, which includes the transition from traditional tourism economic activities to digital tourism activities. Tourism and its transformation into economic tourism and digital activities, and in light of this study deals with the development in the areas of the use of digital tourism through the entry of information technology and communications to Tourism services in Jordan, and all sectors related to tourism and the extent of development that has been achieved using information and communication technology in the field of tourism services and the obstacles facing the implementation of digital tourism in Jordan from the infrastructure and human resources and the strategy of using information technology in tourism. Of all the problems found there is use and development in this area although limited but it is influential.

The technological changes in the global economy are the main engine of structural and economic changes towards the digital economy. Among these, the tourism sector is one of the sectors that led the shift towards the digital tourism sector, which includes the transition from traditional tourism economic activities to digital tourism activities. Tourism and its transformation into economic tourism and digital activities, and in light of this study deals with the development in the areas of the use of digital tourism through the entry of information technology and communications to Tourism services in Jordan, and all sectors related to tourism and the extent of development that has been achieved using information and communication technology in the field of tourism services and the obstacles facing the implementation of digital tourism in Jordan from the infrastructure and human resources and the strategy of using information technology in tourism. Of all the problems found there is use and development in this area although limited but it is influential.

Abstract:
was reached through the analytical and standard in Iraq that technological change plays a small role not To the required level of competitiveness either through the Solo watch or to investigate the impact of other variables represented by technological change such as the expenditure on (R&D) .