Misan Journal for Physical Education Sciences

The science of sports training depends on several methods that differ each athletic effectiveness in the method of training according to the type of activity itself or to the appropriate energy system that the trainer is developing to raise the level of the athlete to the goal to be achieved, by choosing the appropriate method of the training process according to the level and conditions of the player. Whatever the variation of these methods or training methods, they depend in essence on one type of training that is determined according to the basic system used to produce energy during physical exertion. Thus, all training methods rely on one or more of the basic energy systems to produce energy that play an effective role in the effectiveness of throwing the javelin. This speed is the initial horizontal speed obtained by the player from the approximate jogging as well as the vertical speed, as well as the final speed, which diagnoses weaknesses in performance and enhances their strengths, with the need to work on applying the foundations and activating them and focusing on them during training in order to achieve the correct and programmed orientation for the purpose of developing the speed factor for the shooters. The most important conclusions were
1- The training curriculum has a positive impact on improving the achievement of the javelin for the research sample.
2- The training curriculum has an impact on the development of the explosive power of the upper and lower extremities of the research sample
3- The training curriculum has an important impact in delaying the stress sample early for the research sample, which contributed to the development of performance and achievement.

The research aims to study sports confidence as a trait and its relationship with skill performance among middle school students. The research hypotheses suggest that sports confidence plays a role in developing players' skill performance, with variations in self-confidence levels and a correlation between sports confidence and some basic skills among players at School in Al-Rusafa Second. The second section focused on understanding the concept of sports confidence and the factors that assist in developing this trait. In the third section, a descriptive method was used to study the relationship between sports confidence and skill performance, with a sample of 30 students from middle school sports teams in Al-Rusafa Second, out of a total of 85 students. The researcher used various tools, including questionnaires for teachers and students.

The message aimed to preparing harmonic exercises and knowing the effect of these exercises on the side punch of budding boxers in Maysan Sports Club.
As for the research methodology and its field procedures, the researcher used the experimental method by designing the equivalents experimental and control two groups for their suitability to the nature of the study, the research community was determined in an intentional way, and after obtaining the results, the researcher processed them statistically through the statistical bag (spss) to obtain the final results that the researcher presented in tables, analyzed and discussed, In light of the final results, the researcher reached the following most important conclusions - the harmonic exercises prepared by the researcher contributed to the development of the side punch for budding boxers, And in light of the conclusions, the researcher reached the following most important vote - focusing on harmonic exercises in the training units for trainers.

The research aims to prepare exercises according to Posner's model for conceptual change to develop the accuracy of the blocking wall skill for junior volleyball players, and to identify the effect of the experimental approach using exercises according to Posner's model for conceptual change to develop the accuracy of the blocking wall skill for junior volleyball players. The researcher used the experimental approach to suit the nature of the research. The research community was chosen intentionally from the players of Al-Jabaish and Al-Madinah clubs for junior volleyball in the provinces of Dhi Qar and Basra, numbering (30) players. As for the research sample, it was chosen randomly by lottery. The sample was chosen from (24) players to represent the research sample (12) players for the control group and (12) players for the experimental group. The exploratory sample consisted of (6) players. The researcher prepared an educational curriculum that lasted (10) weeks at a rate of three educational units per week. The researcher used appropriate statistical methods through the statistical bag program (SPSS). The most important conclusions were that the exercises prepared according to Posner's model for conceptual change had an effective impact on developing the accuracy of the blocking wall skill in volleyball for juniors. The researcher also touched on the most important recommendations, which are: following the foundations, methods, change and diversification in educational methods, due to their great importance in enriching the learning process, which would develop and improve the level of skill performance, especially among junior volleyball players.

This current study highlights the importance of research aimed at providing information to researchers and students about the difficulties students face during lectures. It aims to study, analyze, and direct efforts and solutions towards reducing or avoiding these obstacles. The research problem addresses the following questions: What are the obstacles students face during track and field event lectures? What are the most common obstacles encountered by students during these lectures? The research aims to construct a scale for the obstacles faced by students during lectures on track and field events, identify the most important obstacles encountered, and utilized a descriptive survey methodology. The sample consisted of 140 students from the Physical Education and Sports Science College, representing 74.86% of the original population. The experimental survey sample included 10 students, representing 7.14% of the research sample. The researcher presented, analyzed, and discussed the results in the third chapter, leading to the following conclusions:
1. The study results revealed the existence of performance obstacles in teaching track and field events.
2. Obstacles related to material resources ranked highest on the scale based on the study results.

Research Recommendations:
1. It is essential to have the necessary devices and tools for track and field events in compliance with legal standards and suitable for the number of students.
2. The availability of fields and arenas specific to track and field events in compliance with legal standards is crucial.

The second half of the past century witnessed a major scientific revolution that was able to bring about vast changes in various fields, including the field of physical education, which plays a fundamental role in the process of change for the better, and which knocked on all the doors of modern science in various aspects. From this standpoint, we see that female students have different abilities. Interests and motivations require providing differentiated education, and this depends on the need to know each student and the school’s ability to know appropriate methods for teaching each student, as there is no single method of teaching.
Therefore, the problem of the research comes in experimenting with an educational method that works to develop agility faster and better than other methods. Therefore, the researcher decided to conduct an experimental study by dealing with exercises in the differentiated education method, which is a newly used method. In turn, the performance of the hoop skill is taught to female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Maysan. The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature and problem of the research.

The aim of the research is to know the overlapping waves strategy and its effectiveness in improving psychosocial adjustment and the skills of high preparation from the top and near preparation towards the center (4) for volleyball for female students, and to know who has preference (for the overlapping waves strategy or for the teacher’s strategy used) with regard to the research variables. As for the two research hypotheses, they included the presence of significant differences. Statistics between the results of the pre- and post-test for the two research groups by improving psychosocial adjustment and the skills of high preparation from above and near preparation towards the center (4) for volleyball for female students, and the presence of statistically significant differences between the two research groups in the results of the post-test by improving psychosocial adjustment and the skills of high preparation and close preparation, were used. The experimental approach because it is compatible with the nature of the problem. The sample included fifth-grade science students at Al-Arej Girls’ Secondary School in Anah District for the academic year (2023-2024), and their numbers reached (30) students.
They were divided into two groups, the control group was represented by group (2) and the experimental group was represented by group (1). One group consisted of (15) female students. They were given the pre-test for the psychosocial adjustment scale and the high and close preparation skills. Group (1) implemented the overlapping waves strategy, while group (2) implemented The teacher’s strategy was used. The educational curriculum lasted for (8) weeks, with two classes each week, and the duration of the class was (40) minutes. The researcher took into account the progression of his exercises during the educational units from ease to difficulty, and the results were treated using (SPSS). It was concluded that the two strategies used They were effective in improving psychosocial adjustment and high and close preparation skills in varying proportions, and the overlapping waves strategy brought about a clear improvement in the research variables. Among the recommendations is the use of the overlapping waves strategy for the important role of practicing various mental processes, providing educational situations, and generating information to solve the problem.

This study aims to determine and identify the effect of a proposed rehabilitation treatment program on Achilles tendinitis in football players. The researcher employed the experimental method to suit the nature of the research, and intentionally he selected the research sample of (3) football players representing Al-Sulaikh clubs, Amanat Baghdad, and the Electrical Industries Club in Baghdad who were exposed to tendinopathy or inflammation of the middle part of the painful Achilles tendon. The following instruments were used: a Goniometer to measure the range of motion of the ankle joint, a Dynamometer to measure muscle strength during contraction and relaxation of the foot, a short heat wave device to treat inflammation and swelling, and a survey form to measure pain intensity.
The results were statistically processed using arithmetic means, standard deviations, and the T-test to indicate the differences between pre-and post-test.
The results showed that the proposed rehabilitation program led to reduced pain intensity, especially posterior heel pain among players with Achilles tendinopathy and restored the functional state of the affected Achilles tendon, as the program showed its effectiveness in improving the lengthening of the fat muscle and other muscles working on the foot joint, which led to an increase in the range of motion of the joint and reaching its normal range. Muscle strength exercises have increased the level of strength of the muscles working on the leg and ankle joint to the level of strength to the same as in the unaffected leg. This indicates the program's effectiveness in restoring the Achilles tendon's functional state and raising its efficiency. The most important recommendation was the use of the proposed rehabilitation program in the rehabilitation of Achilles tendinopathy.

The research problem emerges from the competitive situations in which the player is exposed, while participating in the match, to disturbances and tensions, which have an impact on the player’s actions, which puts him in a state of psychological incompatibility, which negatively affects efficiency and distinction. The goal is to identify the level of psychological differentiation and self-efficacy among the sample and to know the relationship between them. The method used is the descriptive method using the correlation method, and the research sample included (50) football players, as a player, the researcher used the psychological differentiation scale (Al-Dulaimi, 2023) and the self-efficacy scale (Al Murad, 2008). The scale was presented to a group of arbitrators in the field of educational sciences and the field of management. The researcher took the arbitrators' directions and opinions, then applied the exploratory and main experiment, and then applied the necessary statistical methods to achieve the research objectives, through which the researcher concluded that there was a significant correlation between the psychological differentiation scale and the self-efficacy scale among a sample of football players. The study came out with a number of recommendations, including the necessity of conducting physical, skill and psychological tests in order to select players who have the physical and bodily qualifications specific to the game.

Measuring knowledge is one of the objective evaluation methods that should be used alongside tests that measure the physical and skill aspects. Therefore, college students must pay attention to the cognitive aspect because it has a major role in mastering the game of handball. The problem of the research lies in the reluctance of most researchers (primary-master’s). -PhD) in conducting research on third stage students, and the research aims to build a cognitive test for defensive and offensive skills in handball for third st The researcher used the descriptive approach in both survey methods to suit the research problem. The current research population was represented by students from the College of Education, Physical and Sports Sciences, third stage, University of Diyala, for the academic year 2023-2024, who numbered (175) students, and the research sample reached (150) students, and a cognitive test for skills was constructed. Defensive and offensive handball using scientific steps, age students, Then the researcher calculated the standards and levels, and the researcher arrived at a cognitive structure for the defensive and offensive skills of students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in handball, which included (20) questions. The researcher recommended the possibility of benefiting from the cognitive test from researchers and specialists.

Good performance and appropriate behavior during play, training and competition require the player to be aware of his physical, psychological and skill capabilities in order to be able to achieve victory. The current research problem crystallized the following questions: Did the anger emotions scale achieve its purpose in measuring anger emotions among futsal players? Is there a difference between the sexes in anger emotions and scoring accuracy among futsal players? As for the research objectives, building and standardizing the anger emotions scale, identifying anger emotions and scoring accuracy from a distance of 12 m among professional male and female players. The researcher used Descriptive approach The researcher chose the research community from the professional futsal league clubs, number (11) clubs, 6 of which are male clubs and 5 are female clubs, season (2023-2024). After building and standardizing the scale of anger emotions, the Air Force Club for males and the Baghdad Girl Club for females were taken to find out the differences between males and females. They were given questionnaire forms to fill out, then the scoring accuracy test was applied to the two clubs, each in its sports hall. After that, the data was recorded and emptied into special forms for the purpose of statistical processing by SPSS programs. The researcher concluded that the sample of male and female players had higher anger emotions than the average hypothesis. As for the recommendations, increasing attention to training for female football players' teams by providing halls and supplies for the success of women's teams.

Autism is one of the disorders belonging to a group of developmental disorders called in medical language "autism spectrum disorders" Modern trends in diagnosing autism spectrum disorders. It appears during infancy, usually before the child reaches the age of three years. Although the severity and symptoms of autism vary from one case to another, all autism disorders affect the child's ability to communicate with those around him and develop mutual relationships with them. This disorder affects millions of people around the world and there is an increase in the number of cases of infection. The severity of the infection varies from one person to another, which makes it necessary to find innovative methods and tools that help assess the mental abilities of those infected in an accurate and unconventional way. The importance of the research lies in designing an innovative device to measure some of the mental abilities of those infected with autism. This device is an additional tool for the diagnosis and evaluation process, as the researcher hopes that this device will bring about a qualitative shift in improving the accuracy of the evaluation. The research problem included that there are many tools that measure the mental abilities of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, but these tools are often traditional and cannot keep pace with the unique challenges faced by individuals with autism, such as difficulty communicating or lack of attention. Therefore, the problem lies in the need for an innovative device that can overcome these challenges and provide a comprehensive and accurate assessment of mental abilities. The study aimed to identify the ability of the device to provide accurate assessments that help specialists in providing their therapeutic and educational services to individuals with autism spectrum disorder. As well as finding standard scores and levels for some mental ability tests for children with autism spectrum disorder. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method. The sample consisted of children with autism spectrum disorder in each of (Al-Thaqalayn Academy for Autism and Developmental Disorders, Ana I Can Academy for Autism, Specialized Autism Center). The sample consisted of (21) children. It was concluded that the device designed by the researcher accurately measures some mental tests (numbers test, shapes test). Also, the standard scores created by the researcher represent the actual level of the research sample members. The researcher recommends using the standards and levels reached by the researcher to evaluate the level of some mental abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder.

The present paper explored the impact of using a small-games-based educational program on enhancing football learning for junior players. The researchers used an experimental approach with a single-group design, randomly selecting 10 junior players from the Hope Academy Football Talent in Basra.. After the program, a post-test was conducted, and the data were analyzed using SPSS Ver. 29. The results revealed that small games are among the most effective modern methods for teaching basic football skills due to their significant role in developing players' abilities and skills, particularly for the 14–16 age group. These games not only developed their abilities but also significantly improved essential skills like dribbling, passing, ball control, and shooting.

The aim of the research was to prepare special exercises using a factory lighting device to develop visual tracking and some offensive skills in handball, in addition to knowing the effect of these exercises using this device in developing visual tracking and some offensive skills in young handball players.
The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equivalent experimental and control groups with a pre-test and post-test.
The research sample was the players of Diyala Sports Club, junior category, for the 2023-2024 sports season, numbering (16) players, who were divided into two experimental and control groups, with (8) players for each group.
These exercises were applied over a period of (8) weeks, with (24) training doses, and the number of training doses per week was (3) training doses. The researcher used the repetitive training method with a training intensity ranging between (90 - 100%) of the players' capacity. The researcher relied on the undulation of the training load based on the principle of (1:3) for training doses, and with rest periods relative to work (3:1, 4:1, 5:1).
The researcher presented and discussed the results through the results of the tests used in the research, so the researcher concluded the following:
-The use of modern devices and technologies greatly helps in developing the capabilities and abilities of young handball players, and shortens the time and effort to achieve this.
-The exercises with the factory lighting device added an atmosphere of fun, joy, and a spirit of competition and challenge among the players, which increased their motivation towards training and development.

The aim of the two researches is to prepare a measure of cognitive control for pistol shooting for students of the Police College, third stage in Baghdad. As for the areas of research, it included the human field, which is represented by students of the Police College, third stage in Baghdad, and the time period was determined for the period from (12/1/2023) to (30). /7/2024) while the spatial field was in the classrooms at the Police College .The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method, and the research sample consisted of (120) students from the Police College, third stage. The SPSS system was also used to obtain the research results, and the researcher concluded the following:
 It was achieved to prepare a measure of cognitive control for pistol shooting for students of the Police College, third stage
 The scale is able to identify differences in its fields for third-year police college students.
The researcher recommended
 Adopting a measure of cognitive control for pistol shooting for third-year police college students.
 The cognitive control measure for pistol shooting for students of the Police College, the third stage, can be used by the Deanship of the College for the other stages periodically during the study period, which allows identifying this important variable.
 Conduct other similar studies according to variables (gender and age).

The research problem is summarized in the lack of sufficient studies related to the use of some competitive games that are specific to the middle stage segment in general, including the first middle grade. Therefore, the researcher decided to study the effect of some competitive games on developing the variables of flexibility and transitional speed among first middle grade students, with the aim of providing practical solutions to improve the level of physical performance of students and motivate them to participate during the application of various sports activities. The objectives of the research are: preparing a program for competitive games for first middle grade students, as well as identifying the effect of using some competitive games on developing flexibility and transitional speed among first middle grade students. The experimental method was used for two experimental and control groups, and the community of first middle grade students numbering 90 students) and an experimental sample of ( (20 students and a control sample of (20 students. Homogeneity and equivalence were also carried out for the sample used and the variables. The required tests were presented to experts. The exploratory experiment and the main experiment and its details were conducted, arriving at the statistical methods used in the research. The process of presenting, analyzing and discussing the results was carried out. The researcher concluded several things, including: the effectiveness of using some competitive games in developing flexibility, and it also contributed significantly to the development of The transitional speed of students as a result of its reliance on focused exercises that require rapid motor responses, such as fast running and changing direction. The researcher recommended many recommendations, including emphasizing the inclusion of competitive programs appropriately within the physical education curricula, with a focus on designing activities aimed at improving flexibility, transitional speed and other abilities, and adopting competitive sports exercises, games and activities based on dynamic activities.

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between the scale of courses and workshops and the scale of planning for coaches of sports clubs in the Premier League in Iraq from the players' point of view, as the researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method and correlations, while the research sample included Premier League football players in Iraq from the players' point of view, as the research community consisted of (629) representing (22) clubs, while the research sample consisted of (384) players, while the time frame was determined during the period from (21/12 / 2023- 15/ 10 / 2024m) and the researcher will conclude through the results he reached that there is a significant correlation between the scale of courses and workshops and the scale of planning for coaches of sports clubs in the Premier League in Iraq from the players' point of view, and the researcher noted that the research sample has information Sufficient to enable them to answer the statements of the two scales. The researcher also recommended that there is an urgent need for football coaches to pay attention to the organizational structure of the team and the communication between them.

The research aimed to identify the effect of (S.A.Q) exercises using balls in developing motor speed and some offensive football skills among young players, and to identify the superiority of the effect between the control and experimental groups for the post-test. The researcher used the experimental approach with two equal groups, the control and experimental, and the pre- and post-tests. The research sample consisted of North Gas Club players for the youth category and for the football season (2023-2024), numbering (20) players divided equally into two groups, and the research sample was chosen intentionally.
After the pre- and post-tests, data was collected and statistical methods were applied. The researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that (S.A.Q) exercises using balls had a positive impact on developing motor speed and the skills of handling and scoring in football for young people. The researcher recommended using modern methods, including (S.A.Q) exercises. With balls because of their importance in discovering what is new and moving away from old traditional methods.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of a proposed training curriculum based on different playing styles on certain physiological, biochemical, and physical characteristics of junior football players. The study hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-test results regarding the effect of the proposed training curriculum using the sand playing style in improving some of these variables in junior football players. The researchers employed an experimental method suited to the nature of the study, using a single-group experimental design with pre- and post-tests. The research sample was randomly selected from the junior category players (ages 14-16) of Rzgari Sports Club, consisting of 12 players. (3) goalkeepers and (3) injured players were excluded from the post-tests, along with (5) players who underwent exploratory experiments, leaving a final sample of 12 players, which represented 52.17% of the total sample using the single-group method. The data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS, where percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, paired t-tests, and reliability coefficients were computed. The study results indicated statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests, favoring the post-test, in the effectiveness of the enzymes (CP) and (LDH) in the study sample. Based on these findings, the researchers recommend conducting further physiological and biochemical tests and using physiological and biochemical indicators to standardize sports training loads across different age groups.

The therapist is a healthy percentage that a person is exposed to due to excess weight, especially if he has a lack of weight and does not suffer from any injury, as these are many people with age. Especially when it comes to the place where the capacity accumulates in the body, except for the accompanying health problems, but weight such as high blood pressure, so the percentage of capacity in the blood and diseases of spread and stroke and type 2 diabetes in the place where the capacity accumulates in the body. It is distinguished by its different types, as it burns calories, such as the longest activity and more than every day an increasing number of calories that are burned as groups of the speed of food metabolism, during and after exercise, as the light metabolic rate increases or the length of exercise, so the most important research points in and the diversity of a sports program with a healthy eating system to reduce belly fat and change the measurement of abdominal circumference to reach the health problems that accompany weight gain

The aim of the research is to:
Prepare a sports program and a program to reduce excess weight and reduce the circumference and control some physiological changes.
for an important period:
It is required to include exercises in programs that require the removal of accumulated load on the internal organs

The aim of the research is to prepare the scales of serious creativity and the level of ambition and to identify their reality and the nature of the relationship between them among students. The researcher noticed, through reviewing some students, that there is a fluctuation in the level of ambition among students. This appears through the lack of real interest or lack of seriousness in acquiring information and developing the self among students. The researcher believes in the importance of serious creativity for students as it is one of the basics of the individual's level of ambition in organizing life and employing energies and directing them to the optimal path, which leads to raising his level of performance. The researcher assumed that there is a positive relationship between serious creativity and the level of ambition among students and the research method, as the researcher used the descriptive method using the survey method and correlational relationships and the research community and the sample. The research community included second-stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Babylon for the academic year 2023-2024) with a total of (130). (20) students were chosen as a sample and (110) students were chosen as a main experiment sample. As for the conclusions, the sample enjoyed the variable of serious creativity and their level of ambition and the existence of a direct relationship between the two research variables, serious creativity and the level of ambition. The recommendations were to use the scale The level of ambition prepared by the researcher to reveal the nature of this variable among students on a regular and continuous basis and to develop guidance programs based on the level of ambition to inform students of the level of ambition they possess and how to enhance and develop it and conduct other studies.

The research is summarized in the designTwo programs include:ASmall games and big games as well as knowing the effectThey areOn some physical variables and the measure of motor intelligence,andThe researcher used the experimental method as a study approach, where the research community represented fourth-grade middle school students aged (15-16) years in Al-Yarmouk Intermediate School for Boys in the center of Nineveh Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024), as their number reached (192) students, and the researcher adopted the academic stage as a research community, distributed into (4) study groups, and to determine the two experimental research groups, the researcher conducted a draw (randomly) between the study groups to be Section (C) the first experimental group, which will study according to the small games program, while the second experimental group was Section (D), which will study according to the big games program,After exclusion, the research sample became composed of (60) students, with (30) studentsFor each groupThe researcher conducted equivalence between the two research groups in (physical tests, motor intelligence), and the researcher also conducted the pre-test inThe tests themselvesThen, the post-tests were conducted on the physical variables and motor intelligence on the research sample, and the results showed a significant effect between the pre- and post-tests among the individuals of the first experimental group, which studied according to the small games program in (physical abilities and motor intelligence).andThe researcher recommended the necessity of applying the small games group in the physical education lesson in middle schools.

The study aimed to investigate the preparatory phase and obtain information about a crucial variable: trunk inclination. As the largest part of the body, the trunk plays a significant role in transferring movement to the arm, which performs the required skill during the striking phase. Consequently, this research sought to provide valuable insights into the extent to which the trunk inclination angle impacts force variables and the wind-up angle.
The research problem arose from the lack of attention to the details of performance. Taking a holistic view can prevent future errors when solidifying a skill, making it difficult to modify. The preparatory phase and its position are highly significant and must be applied in a manner that serves the skill and subsequent phases of performance. The neglect of this aspect can lead to one variable affecting others, resulting in a weakened skill performance, which may be difficult to detect without advanced methods and motion analysis.
A descriptive approach, employing a comparative higher-level studies method, was utilized. The research sample consisted of national team players specializing in overhead serves. The participants were filmed using a Sony camera and a Swedish-made force platform. The data was analyzed using Dartfish TeamPro 5.5 software.
The study yielded several conclusions:
• It was revealed that the trunk inclination angle has a clear impact on the variable of maximum force at the beginning of the wind-up.
• The effect of the trunk inclination angle on the propulsion variable is a result of its influence on the maximum force, which is a fundamental component of the propulsion variable

This study aimed to build and standardize a leadership style scale to identify the leadership style followed by department managers in the Youth and Sports Directorate in Thi Qar Governorate, since leadership is a process through which others are interested, unleashed and directed towards the right direction. This study came as an attempt to identify the leadership style followed in the Youth and Sports Directorate in Thi Qar Governorate and its direct impact on the work climate within the institution and compare it with some other leadership styles. Here lies the research problem. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method due to its suitability to the nature of the current study, as the nature of the phenomenon and the objectives imposed on the researcher to choose the appropriate approach. The research sample was chosen intentionally, and they are the workers in the Youth and Sports Directorate in Dhi Qar Governorate, numbering (375) employees, at a rate of 100%. The researcher chose samples from the research community in a manner consistent with the main steps to solve the research problem, such as the exploratory experiment sample consisting of (50) employees, the construction sample consisting of (150) employees, and the main application sample was (175) employees. The researcher used the research tool, the leadership style scale, consisting of (30) Paragraph, and the scale of evaluation was five-point, and the researcher used some statistical methods that are consistent with the research procedures and reached the most important results, which is that the scale designed by the researcher has the ability to identify the leadership style in the youth and sports directorates, and the results of the study showed that there is a great impact of the leadership style on the reality of work in the Youth and Sports Directorate in Thi Qar Governorate, and the researcher recommended / The current scale is a tool to reveal the administrative leadership style in the Youth and Sports Directorate in Thi Qar Governorate and other governorates and the necessity of holding workshops, seminars and courses on leadership from time to time by specialists for workers in the Youth and Sports Directorates in order to develop them and increase their information.

The study aimed to prepare a mental health scale and identify the level of mental health among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad. The problem of studying mental health, which is considered one of the important psychological studies that female students of physical education and sports sciences must raise its level significantly, as the student's mental health greatly affects his performance. Students who have poor mental health are more likely to feel depressed and frustrated. Since mental health is of this importance, the researcher sought to identify the ways and methods that may have a direct and important relationship with its level among female students. The researcher concluded that there are statistically significant differences in the level of mental health among female students of physical education and sports sciences at the University of Baghdad. And that female students of physical education and sports sciences at the University of Baghdad possess mental health despite the difficult circumstances they face in terms of the relative absence of pathological symptoms and happiness in life.

The research aimed to identify the relationship between emotional intelligence and accuracy in decision-making among Maysan Governorate football referees. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships. The research community consisted of Maysan Governorate football referees. The sample was chosen intentionally for the sports season (2024/2025). The total research community amounted to (21) referees. Accordingly, the researcher chose the research sample from first-class referees, and their number amounted to (15) referees. (5) referees were chosen to conduct the exploratory experiment, and the researcher was excluded because he was a first-class referee. Through the results that appeared, the researcher concluded that emotional intelligence has a clear impact on the accuracy of decision-making by referees in Maysan Governorate in football, in addition to the existence of a correlation between the measures of emotional intelligence and decision-making for referees. It was found that the research sample enjoys emotional intelligence, as through the results of the questionnaire, which consisted of (14) paragraphs, which helps them to be accurate in making decisions. The researcher recommends conducting studies that examine the relationship between the concept of emotional intelligence and other concepts, and the possibility of benefiting from emotional intelligence and decision-making for referees of other team games, and the necessity of taking care to support the psychological traits that help referees to be accurate in making decisions.

The research aims to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of objective decisions made by scout leaders from their perspective in intermediate schools in the Directorate and Departments of Education in Basra. The research used a descriptive method, which included survey and correlational studies, as it is more appropriate for the objectives of the research and the nature of the problem. A deliberate selection of (280) scout leaders from intermediate schools in the Directorate and Departments of Education in Basra was made to create the research sample. The SPSS system was utilized for statistical processing of statistical operations. Therefore, the researchers concluded that there are different levels in the scale of the quality of objective decisions made by scout leaders and recommended that they rely on all methods that improve the quality of their decision-making.

Mental health is one of the main pillars on which the teaching and training process is based, in addition to the fact that universities and colleges are a system that develops according to the needs of society. Mental health is very important because it explains the state of psychological stability that people enjoy. It also represents an important part of the necessary factors that must be available and taken care of, in addition to physical and skill factors. Teaching sports is part of this system and an important and vital link in the process of preparing sports in line with raising the student's mental and physical efficiency by preparing a plan and curriculum for sports in a practical and thoughtful manner. Psychology topics are among the most important psychological factors that teachers of this subject must have. The need to study the psychological aspect in the sports field is very important, because sports are of great importance in developing human behavior and improving positive qualities in people. Many studies have indicated that practicing sports contributes to reducing tension and bad behavior and eliminating some psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, aggression, etc., and improving self-understanding and self-esteem among athletes. The study of athletes' behavior aims to discover the psychological factors and causes that affect their behavior, as well as how their sports experience affects aspects of their personality, personal development and optimal performance, which are closely related, and in the field of physical education and sports. The sample of the research community was from the University of Maysan's athletic students from different colleges and all different educational stages. The students were carefully selected according to their athletic level. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of his research. The research community included (25) male and female athletes in the different colleges of the University of Maysan. The exploratory experiment was on (5) students. As for the main experiment, it included (20) male and female athletes. The researcher used the mental health scale to apply it in the research. Prepared by (Rateb et al.), which consists of (20) paragraphs. The data were processed using the SPSS program, where the following statistical methods were used: standard deviation, arithmetic mean, correlation coefficient and significance level. The conclusions indicate the presence of positive indicators and higher rates of mental health for athletic students than non-athletic students. The student athletes were distinguished from the emotional aspect by psychological stability and self-control over others. As for the recommendations, they include emphasizing student activities through university sports participation and holding competitions in various colleges. Physical education teachers should pay attention and make maximum efforts to give the physical education subject its due and present it in a proper manner and emphasize the psychological aspect whenever it has a clear impact on the academic aspect. The researcher also recommends introducing the physical education lesson to all colleges.

Modern training methods are a development of training sciences, and an update of the methods used and traditional methods in sports training science. Among the new methods used in swimming is the resistance parachute as new exercises used by swimmers to increase resistance and the burden imposed on the body in addition to water resistance. Hence, the importance of the research came from the research that delving into this training field helps to provide some modest scientific training solutions that contribute to raising the physical level and achievement of swimmers (100 m). As for the research problem, it focuses on using modern methods to develop the endurance trait, which is one of the most important traits or abilities that swimming needs, especially for the work of the arms and legs, and from here comes the research problem, so the researcher sees the presentation of this problem and an attempt to overcome the basic weak physical trait by using the parachute to raise the level of the training process and develop the endurance of the strength specific to achieving the 100 m freestyle swimming. The aim of the research is to use the water resistance parachute as an aid in training 100m freestyle swimmers. The research sample consisted of 8 swimmers, 4 of whom were divided into experimental and control groups. The results showed that there was an effect of using resistance training with the parachute in developing the arms and legs and completing the 100m freestyle swim.

The importance of abilities related to skill performance, especially shooting, for handball players was discussed in the introduction to the research, and these abilities include (explosive power, power characterized by speed, and speed of motor response).
It is one of the important physical abilities of handball players because it helps the player to continue performing, maintaining his strength, resisting fatigue, and aiming accurately throughout the match. Hence the importance of research. The problem of the research is that there is a decrease in the accuracy of shooting among handball players during the match period, and the researcher attributes this decrease to weakness (special abilities). From here comes the research problem that the researcher wanted to address and find appropriate solutions for. The most important goals are to prepare exercises for special abilities and know their effect on shooting from the back line among junior players. The hypothesis of the research was that there are significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in shooting from the back line among the research sample. The research sample was the players of Rusafa Secondary Education in Baghdad for the junior category.
The researcher used the experimental method for one group with two pre- and post-tests. Appropriate statistical methods were used to extract the results. The results were presented, analyzed and discussed.
The most important conclusions were that the special abilities exercise that were prepared contributed to the development of shooting from the back line among emerging players. The most important recommendations are to adopt special abilities exercises to develop the performance of other skills in handball.

The current research aims to identify the reality of future planning for administrative preparation programs for sports competitions held by the Iraqi Football Association. The human scope includes: members of the Iraqi Football Association, workers in the association's committees, experts, and specialists in strategic planning and football. The temporal scope covers the period from 22/9/2024 to 20/11/2024. The spatial scope includes the headquarters of the Iraqi Football Association and the staff in the association’s committees. The sample consists of 178 employees from sub-associations, committees, and Iraqi sports clubs participating in the Iraqi Football Association competitions, representing 50% of the target population. The sample was selected randomly and divided into three groups based on the study requirements: a pilot sample of 10 employees (5.6%), a stability sample for the measurement tool of 10 employees (5.6%), and an application sample of 158 employees (88.76%). Emphasizing transparency in the association’s work by promoting awareness on this issue through courses and technical and training workshops. Developing an advanced administrative program based on comprehensive scientific principles to prepare athletes for international championships. Establishing a complete administrative program to help the Iraqi Football Association significantly improve its standards. Creating an integrated administrative program specifically for managing international competitions. Ensuring that the association’s administration has multiple alternatives for decisions in anticipation of changes, emergencies, and crises.

The current research discussed the relationship between systemic thinking, "as a cognitive skill characterized by the ability to comprehensively analyze the situation in the sports environment", and the skill of doing straight punches, "as an indicator of general skill in the game of boxing".
In order to collect data on the two variables, the Systematic Thinking Scale (16 items) and the Straight Punch Test were used. On a test sample of 100 boxing players, from the youth category (ages 18-22 years).
The results showed the high ability of the sample members to systemic thinking, and the high ability to perform straight punches, although it does not reach the stage of professionalism. The results also showed a statistically significant relationship between systemic thinking and straight punches performance.
This was interpreted according to the concepts of cognitive-behavioral synergy, and a set of research proposals and recommendations were produced.