journal of the college of basic education

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of Keller's strategy in developing reading comprehension of literature and texts for fifth-grade middle school students. To achieve this goal, the experimental approach was adopted and the sample consisted of 60 students who were distributed into two groups, a control and an experimental group (30 in each group). A reading comprehension test for the literature and texts subject was prepared from 20 multiple-choice paragraphs. The research results showed that the experimental group that was taught using Keller's strategy outperformed the control group that was taught using the traditional methods in the reading comprehension test for the literature and texts subject. The researcher recommended using Keller's strategy to master reading comprehension skills and all skills of the branches of the Arabic language

The commentators have taken great care in revealing the reasons for the Holy Quran's preference for some words over others in Quranic usage, and among these interpreters is Sheikh Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur, as these solutions occupied many places in his interpretation (al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir), and based on that, this research came to clarify the reasons mentioned by Ibn Ashur for the preference of some verbs over others in Quranic usage, and the research was divided into two sections preceded by an introduction and a preface, as for the preface, it was dedicated to an introductory pause on the terms of preference and cause, and as for the two sections, the first of them dealt with the preference of verbs over others in terms of time, and the second section addressed the reasons for the preference of verbs over others in terms of form, and I benefited from multiple sources and references in writing this research, including books of interpretation in addition to books of language and grammar.

The study aimed to identify the impact of climatic elements on land transportation in the periods in which climatic risks occur during the year, and to identify the most important transportation networks and the changes that occurred in them in the future. The study followed the following approaches: historical, regional, descriptive, statistical and analytical. Interview, observation, and questionnaire were used as tools for the study. The study also relied on secondary sources represented in books, periodicals, university theses, reports and records. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) . The study reached results, the most important of which are: The climate affects land transportation in the study area with different elements. It became clear through the study that rain is one of the most important climatic elements that greatly affects land transportation in the region. The study demonstrated the weakness of the necessary policies and funding on the part of the government regarding roads and bridges. Roads lose many citizens basic services such as education and health. The study demonstrated that land transport has a role in eliminating poverty by improving the population’s standard of living and increasing per capita income. The study recommends the following: the necessity of rehabilitating and maintaining roads and connecting the area with paved roads to the rest of the state, conducting studies and research related to the land transportation sector in the study area

The research aimed to identify the effectiveness of the thinking acceleration model in:
1- Acquiring rhetorical concepts among fifth-grade literary students.
2- Developing the thinking skills of fifth grade literary students in the subject of rhetoric.
For the purpose of investigating the research, the researcher aimed to formulate the following two null hypotheses:
1- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the female students in the experimental group who studied rhetoric according to the Acceleration of Thinking model and the average scores of the female students in the control group who studied the same subject according to the usual method in the concept acquisition test.
1- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average grades of the female students of the experimental group who studied rhetoric according to the model of accelerating thinking and the average grades of the female students of the control group who studied the same subject according to the usual method of developing thinking skills.
To verify the validity of the two hypotheses, the researcher conducted an experiment that took two full months, through which the following procedures were adopted
The researcher used an experimental design with partial control for the two experimental and control groups with a posttest to acquire rhetorical concepts and develop their thinking skills. According to this design, the researcher chose the Etidal Secondary School for Girls affiliated with the Rusafa First Directorate of Education in a purposive manner, as the number of female students in the fifth literary grade in the school reached (104). student
A female student divided into sections (A, B, C).
Section (A) was chosen randomly, with a number of (34) female students, and Section (C), which numbered (32) female students, was chosen to represent the control group. They studied according to the usual method after excluding the female students who failed.
The two groups of female students were rewarded statistically in some variables: (chronological age calculated in months, parents’ academic achievement, previous achievement in rhetoric, previous information, and intelligence).
The researcher has identified the scientific material for the first semesters, the subject of rhetoric, which is scheduled to be taught to the fifth literary grade by the Iraqi Ministry of Education for the academic year (2023-2024).
The content of the chapters was analyzed and a number of main and sub-concepts were extracted. (37) main concepts and (23) sub-concepts were extracted. According to these concepts, the researcher formulated (32) daily teaching plans for the two experimental and control groups, amounting to (16) daily teaching plans for the group. The control group and (16) daily teaching plans for the experimental group.
Two tools were prepared for the research: a test for the acquisition of rhetorical concepts based on the main and sub-concepts. According to the conceptual map, the researcher identified (15) main and sub-concepts, and each concept was given three test items according to the three cognitive processes (definition, distinction, application), so that the number of test items became (45) multiple test items, and face validity and content (construct) validity were found.
As well as the difficulty factor, discrimination, and effectiveness of incorrect alternatives for each test item. As for the second tool, it was the thinking skills test, which consisted of (9) skills for each skill (4) items, thus the total number becomes (36) test items of the multiple test type.
After using appropriate statistical methods, the results showed that the female students of the experimental group who studied according to the Acceleration of Thinking model were superior to the female students of the control group who studied the same method in the two tests of acquiring rhetorical concepts and thinking skills among the female students of the fifth literary grade.
In light of the research results, the researcher recommended trying to repeat the model of accelerating thinking in teaching Arabic grammar for the fifth literary grade, because of its effectiveness in developing the level of acquisition of rhetorical concepts and thinking skills.
The researcher also suggested conducting a similar study on other variables and for other stages of study.

The present research aims to find out the effect of counseling program using some positive psychology techniques to develop gratitude of university students by testing the following hypothesis (there are no statistically significant differences between the grade levels of the experimental group and the control group on the gratitude scale in the pre- and post-tests at a significance level of 0.05). The researcher adopted the gratitude scale by (Hassan & Hussein , 2020). The validity of the translation was administrated, then the researcher extracted the statistical characteristics of the scale. It was concluded that all items of the scale have a statistically significant differences and correlation. The validity and reliability of the scale were approved as the reliability coefficient by the test and retest method was (0.87), and the reliability value by the Cronbach’s alpha method was (0.85). The scale consisted of (28) items. The researcher designed and applied a counseling program on a sample of (10) students as an experimental group. After applying the results, the researcher found that there were statistically significant differences between the grade levels of the experimental group scale in the pre- and post-tests , But there were no statistically significant differences between the grade levels of the control group in the pre- and post-tests, the researcher presented a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The study area (Amerli) is located within the administrative boundaries of the Salah al-Din governorate in the north-eastern part of it and topographically lies within the undulating area of Iraq, while astronomically it is located between two meridians (44° 32’ 2” – 44° 39’ 42” ) East and two viewing circles (34° 41’ 51” – 34° 49’ 2”) to the north, it has an area of (253.98) km2. The problem of the study lies in the lack of detailed studies on the validity of groundwater in the study area and ways to invest it . The study aims to conduct a spatial analysis of the suitability of groundwater for human (drinking) and agricultural use using the ArcGIS V10.4 program. It turned out from the results of the spatial analysis that there is a discrepancy in the validity of groundwater in the study area, the quality of the rocks through which it passes, the characteristics of the soil and land uses are all factors that largely control the validity of water for different uses or not, as they directly affect the quality of that water.

The rapid progress of the industrial and technological revolution has led to a series of changes in the consumer, saving and economic culture in advanced and developing societies, especially since the people of developing countries are exposed to the global saving and spending patterns of the people of developed countries, and feel anxious and unsatisfied with their needs as a result of the increasing desire to consume and the lack of tendency to save, and for this reason the difficulties of saving and the shortage of savings of developing countries have arisen (Badir, 10:2011), and the development of modern life and the abundance of its requirements have led to the emergence of new consumption patterns with an increase in the cost of living, The increase in the burdens placed on parents to provide for the family, and children are part of the family and society, and are one of the most important groups because they need education, upbringing and the satisfaction of needs (Abdul Fattah, 4:2005), as the study (Carneiro and Ginja, 2014) confirmed that most parents and teachers may neglect teaching their children these values from the early stages of their lives, believing that they are still young, so there is no need to teach them these values. The study also added that these wrong ideas usually develop in the child a lack of a sense of responsibility, dependence on others to fulfill their needs, and lack of thinking about the future (149:2014, Carneiro & Ginja). After the researchers reviewed the content of the kindergarten curriculum in Iraq (experiences and activities), they found weakness in the curriculum approved by the Iraqi Ministry of Education and its failure to include economic skills in the curriculum in general and saving skills in particular in kindergarten activities - since one of the researchers is a kindergarten teacher - and this resulted in weakness In realizing the value of hundreds of different purchasing currencies and their inability to distinguish the economic situations they go through during the purchase process, as well as their lack of knowledge of the purpose of saving and large savings places, Suleiman's study (2019) found that there are deep-rooted customs and traditions that affected the family's consumer behavior and led to a decrease in family savings in both urban and rural areas (Suleiman, 2019: 122). It is natural for children to compare what they have of toys or clothes with what their friends and relatives have, so parents are forced to put physical and mental pressure on themselves to save more money, while we need to enlighten the child's insight to contemplate other blessings from health and family stability to other blessings that they have and we do not see (Muhammad, 2007: 62). The researcher, as a kindergarten teacher, also found that there is a clear cognitive deficiency and distortion about the basic principles of economics at the conceptual level, as she noticed some daily manifestations such as their failure to preserve their own possessions such as their school supplies and their lack of knowledge of the different currency denominations.

The concepts of life pressures and future expectations are among the concepts that have the most negative impact on the life of a university professor because of their negative consequences that affect mental health. Clinical psychology literature indicates that life pressures lead the individual to difficulty being able to resist physical diseases. Which may be caused by these pressures, and what individuals feel and think in the present is often shaped by how they expect their personal future, and this is what prompted the researcher to study the concepts of future expectations and life pressures among university professors. In addition to some secondary variables represented by gender, specialization, and degree, the current research aimed to identify the life pressures of university professors, as well as to identify the future expectations of university professors, in addition to identifying the nature of the correlation between life pressures and the future expectations of university professors. It also aimed to identify the significance of the differences in the correlation between life pressures and future expectations among university professors according to the following variables: A- Gender (males - females), B- Specialization (scientific - humanities), C- Degree (Master’s - Doctorate), each separately. To achieve the objectives of the research, a tool was built to measure life stress among university professors, which has the psychometric properties that must be present in psychological measures, such as factorial validity, reliability, and the ability to discriminate A second tool was adopted to measure future expectations, as these two tools were applied to a sample of (240) male and female teachers who were selected in a simple random way from the College of Science, Education, and Basic Education within the formations of Al-Mustansiriya University, and after processing the data statistically using the t-test for one sample, and the Pearson correlation coefficient false test, It became clear that university professors suffer from life pressures, and they also appeared to have positive expectations for the future. The results also indicated a positive correlation between life pressures and future expectations, and there are no statistically significant differences in life pressures and future expectations according to the gender variable (males - females). Specialization (scientific - humanistic) and degree (Master's - PhD). The researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to know (the effect of employing semantic activities on reading comprehension for second grade students in the Arabic language). The researcher followed the experimental approach, and adopted the experimental design with control, partial, which is the design of the control group with the post-test, then the researcher intentionally chose (Osama bin Zaid School affiliated to the General Directorate of Education, the third Rusafa, and the researcher chose the method of random drawing, divisions (b) and (d) as a sample For the research, as Division (B) and the number of its students (30) students represented the experimental group that will study the employment of classroom activities, while Division (D) and the number of its students (30) students represented the control group that will be taught in the traditional way.
It was applied to the two research groups (the experimental and the control group) at the end of the experiment, consisting of (25) items, and after correcting the answers, the researcher reached the following result: The students of the experimental group who studied reading subjects according to the use of classroom activities outperformed the students of the control group who studied reading subjects according to the usual method in the reading comprehension test. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected, which states the following: There is no statistically significant difference at the reading comprehension level. Significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group whose students studied reading and texts according to the use of classroom activities and the control group whose students studied the same material according to the usual method of reading comprehension

The Central Teachers Institute in Baghdad is one of the educational institutions that suffers from the process of preparing teachers in Iraq. It was established in Baghdad in the Adhamiya area and then moved to a new building located in the Sabaa Abkar area - Al-Rabi'a neighborhood. It continued to graduate a number of teachers to provide primary schools with new educational capacities, until the new educational policy in Iraq emerged from the social and political philosophy of the educational policy trends during the academic year 1992-1993 by establishing colleges specialized in preparing teachers in all Iraqi governorates, in order to graduate university teachers and put them in primary and secondary schools after qualifying them educationally, scientifically and culturally with curricula that differ from what was in the Teachers Institute, which depended on studying specialized subjects since the first year of accepting student teachers in the departments they wanted, while the process of preparing teachers moved after the establishment of the Teachers College at Al-Mustansiriya University on the ruins of the Central Teachers Institute to be concerned with graduating university teachers who studied general subjects in their first years and then moving in the second stage to specialization in the branches present in the college and continuing to study secondary subjects in addition to the basic specialized subjects, and it continued in this way Despite the developments that have occurred in the College of Teachers since its establishment in 1993 until 2003 and its transformation into the College of Basic Education.
Keywords: Central Teachers Institute, Teachers College, Al-Mustansiriyah University, College of Basic Education

Through our previous presentation of prayer and its concept, we find that prayer is the means that all human beings have taken, through which they turn to the Creator, supplicating, beseeching, and hoping for His acceptance, and this has been the case since the creation began on Earth.
The research came out with results that can be summarized as follows:-:
1.Prayer is a foundation and an important pillar in every human being's life.
2.The Jewish religion requires purification and cleansing, and requires ablution with water when praying, when eating, at every sacred religious celebration, and when reciting the texts of the Torah.
3.The Jews took (Jerusalem) as their qiblah, and whoever lives in Jerusalem, his qiblah is the temple.
4.Jews have three obligatory prayers and there are many prayers that they have added as their prayers have varied according to their desires. There are prayers of thanks, prayers on holidays, prayers for forgiveness of sins, and other prayers.
5- Jews take one day a week to devote themselves to worship and rest, as Jews sanctify the Sabbath.

The letter is the source of the meme that is meant by the place of search and research Proof of mobiles for the topics, the meaning is a place where the conditions of the letters are proven to them and carried on them
Which the jurist needs to know its meanings and this is a statement of the excuse of the fundamentalists in their mention of it, although it is from the investigations of grammar, so mentioning it as a matter of principle is not considered a matter of assets or it is said that the research side is heterogeneous, so it is one of its issues. Because of the frequent occurrence in the evidence, but the names will come from them as if the two circumstantials and any aggravating and each in the expression of the predominance of the most, it is not said that the names are more honorable than the letters, so they overcame that it may be said: Do not prevail, the yolk in the explanation of the book (Sibawayh) was quoted as calling the letter the noun and the verb. We have dealt in this research Almstl summary tagged with (working and non-working letters in the footnote of Al-Attar) two sections The first section is the working letters, namely: which affect the names and verbs that enter it syntactically and the second section Non-working letters: which do not affect what follows after the syntactic, but affect the meanings has dealt with a set of letters and tools mentioned by Al-Attar in his footnote, whether they are working, including (Al-Baa, that the source, then) or non-working, including (Hamza, The definition, do) and other letters and God bless.

This research aims to identify the effect of the (penta Gram) strategy on the achievement of first-year middle school students in the dictation subject. To verify the research objective, the researcher formulated the following main null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study dictation according The researcher chose the community of Diyala Governorate to be his research sample, and chose from this community the (Jerusalem) Intermediate School from the center of Baqubah District, as the number of the sample reached (70) students, with (35) students in the experimental group, and (35) students in the control group, The researcher prepared appropriate teaching plans for the research sample and included preparing plans for both the experimental group and the control group. The research tool was the achievement test. At the end of the experiment, the researcher reached results, including:
1- That the (penta Gram) strategy has a great impact in diversifying cognitive processing methods and in helping students interact in the classroom, which led to raising their level and their effective contribution to the lesson
1- That teachers should use modern strategies in learning and teaching as much as possible and according to appropriate circumstances
1- The researcher suggested The following Conducting a similar study to determine the effectiveness of the (penta Gram) strategy in other educational and teaching stages for intermediate levels.

The contemprary study considers an open field to the writer or novilist,which it narrowed its space by thoughts which he expose through the text,that led to the diversity of narrative forms (spaces,sings,symbols)are modern formal Connotations which are depended on the narrative concepts in anarrative vision strange and obvious have secrets and mysterys corresponds with the character of the writer Sadi Awath in the novel Which carried in its content mire mysterys make it depends in its critical study on doctriens surrounded with mysterys in two topics dadaism and surrealism,according geomatric formal gaps which are leaved by the book to search and analysis ,in addition to introduction and conclusion,sources the refrences

The research aims to know the reasons for spelling weakness among first-year middle school students from the point of view of male and female Arabic language teachers. The research was limited to male and female Arabic language teachers in schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Maysan Governorate for the academic year 2023-2024. The total research sample consists of (40) male and female teachers. The researcher directed a survey questionnaire to know the reasons for spelling weakness among first-year middle school students. The question included the following: What are the reasons leading to spelling weakness among first-year middle school students? It was presented to a survey sample consisting of (20) male and female teachers, where the researcher prepared the final questionnaire that he formulated according to the teachers’ answers, and presented it to experts and specialists in Arabic language teaching methods to verify its apparent validity, and its reliability was calculated by the retest method, where its reliability level reached (0.80), then the final questionnaire was presented to the original sample consisting of (40) male and female teachers, and after statistical processing of the data - the results of the research showed that there are a number of reasons that lead to the weak achievement of first-year middle school students in the dictation subject, and in light of the results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions

The research aims to identify the effect of the REACT strategy on the achievement of Arabic grammar among fourth-grade science students by verifying the validity of the following null hypothesis (There is no statistically significant difference at a significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group who study Arabic grammar using the REACT strategy and the average scores of students in the control group who study in the usual way in the post-achievement test prepared by the researcher). The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control for the two research groups. The experimental and control research groups were subjected to the post-test. The researcher chose the morning preparatory and secondary schools in Diyala Governorate as a community for his research. The research sample amounted to (60) students, with (30) students for the experimental group and (30) students for the control group. The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-achievement test in Arabic grammar

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the effect of the proactive guide strategy on the achievement of second grade students in the average subject of dictation. In order to achieve the aim of the research, the researcher formulated a null hypothesis, which is: There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group who master dictation using the proactive guide strategy and the average scores of students in the control group who master the same subject using the categorical method in the post-test prepared by the researcher. The researcher adopted the design The experimental study was conducted with partial control of the two research groups. Two members (the experimental and the control) were subjected to the post-test. The middle schools in Diyala Governorate were chosen to be the research community. The research sample was 68 students, 34 in the experimental courses and 34 in the control group. It was concluded that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the achievement of the material.

The study dealt with ethics from a Quranic perspective, as ethics are necessary for the individual and society, and Islam emphasized their importance and the good effect they have on society in general, mentioning the most important types of them, necessary and acquired, explaining the methods of acquiring them in Islam. Then the study dealt with the reasons for the decline of ethics in Islamic society from cultural invasion, globalization, and the efforts of some countries to destroy Islamic ethics.

The issue of divinity is an important human issue, concerning all of humanity throughout history, and this issue will remain fundamental and central to human and cosmic existence, as it has sparked a large and long historical controversy regarding the truth of God, and the extent of his relationship with the universe and man, so its concept has oscillated between one god who has died, and another. Incarnated in human form, and others mythical and superstitious, as well as spiritual or natural, and in all cases, minds have become lost and confused in their interpretation of the truth of God, and clarifying His essence, in addition to the many philosophical statements that have tried to reach His knowledge, but they have only come up with philosophical reflections that have nothing to do with the facts. Or it can be described as illusory, meaning the divine mixed with the human, until the concept of divinity stabilized to some extent with the advent of heavenly religions calling for absolute oneness, noting that some of them still retained some customs and pagans resulting from ancient beliefs. Accordingly, this research seeks to clarify the concept of divinity in the Jewish and Christian religions, and to highlight the points of similarity and difference between them, following the descriptive and analytical approach.

The research aims to identify the level of job rotation and psychological empowerment of employees of the Second Rusafa Education Directorate in Baghdad. The researcher used the descriptive approach using survey methods, standard studies and correlations to suit them in building and standardizing the scales. Research community and samples The research community consisted of employees of the Baghdad Rusafa 2 Education Directorate, where their number reached (259), including the research samples: The research samples were divided into a survey experiment sample, a scientific conditions sample and an application sample for both scales. The researcher used two modern scales for job rotation and psychological empowerment. The researcher extracted all scientific and research procedures for the two scales through survey experiments and extracting coefficients, discrimination ability, validity, reliability and objectivity. He relied on the statistical bag with some means to reach research results that led to the most important conclusions, including the existence of a direct relationship between job rotation and job satisfaction, indicating that employees who underwent job rotation were more satisfied with their jobs. Job rotation helps reduce turnover rates, as employees feel more value for their work within the directorate. The research recommendations include promoting a culture of change within the directorate through training and awareness programs on the importance of job rotation. Establishing mechanisms to evaluate job performance before and after job rotation to measure its effectiveness and impact on psychological empowerment.

This study traces the arrival of Jewish ethnic group in England in conjunction with the Norman conquest in 1066 AD, to make the Jews part of the demographic change that began in England after that conquest, the front before England emerging in the economic influence of the Jews, an element familiar with monetary dealings, especially in the usurious aspect that multiplies the wealth of the Jews at the expense of the simple English and their nobility alike, which mobilized the English against the Jews who changed them socially and religiously, so the Jews became aiming to prevent English attacks whenever they had the opportunity, and this grew with time until the last expulsion of the Jews by the King of England, Edward I, in 1290 AD, which we will uncover its cause, circumstances and results.

Home economics in the field of family relations is concerned with programs of understanding, dialogue, democracy, etiquette, and respect for differences; whether in gender, color, religion, or upbringing, and its relationship to a strong, cohesive society capable of progress. Child rearing is considered one of the most important axes of study in home economics, and this includes the rights of the child from all aspects, and methods of raising and educating him. This field is concerned with developing the necessary life skills for the individual; whether mental, manual, or social skills. The current research gains its importance in that it addresses the importance of teaching home economics in the development of the family. The researcher hopes that it will fill a gap in the educational field and benefit from it in other studies that serve home economics subjects, in addition to improving the quality of teaching by highlighting a strategy that may be unknown to many teachers. Shedding light on it may also help motivate people to try it and benefit from its positives.

Surah Al-Kahf is one of the Quranic chapters characterized by the diversity of its linguistic styles and the richness of its meanings. Among these styles, the use of objects (mafāʿīl) plays a vital role in constructing sentences and clarifying the intended meanings, adding depth and precision in conveying messages to the reader. Below is an explanation of the types of objects and their impact in the Surah: Direct Object (Mafʿūl Bih): It is used to clarify what is affected by the action of the subject, helping define the relationship between the verb, subject, and object. It highlights the specific details that might be overlooked when interpreting sentences, indicating who or what is influenced by the action. Object of Emphasis (Mafʿūl Muṭlaq): This appears in the Surah to emphasize the verb, clarify its type, or count. It adds a layer of intensity or specificity to the verses, thereby enhancing the reader's understanding of the events and divine commands in the Quran. Object of Purpose (Mafʿūl Lih: It highlights the reason or cause behind the action, offering an interpretive dimension to the sentences. This helps the reader grasp the divine purposes and intentions behind the commands or stories presented in the Surah. Object of Accompaniment (Mafʿūl Maʿah): This is used to express companionship or participation between the subject and another entity in the action. This type of object adds aesthetic value to the text, depicting the action as a complete event involving other elements, thus enhancing the narrative imagery of the events.

Education in Beirut during the Ottoman occupation relied on private schools and some schools in mosques, and witnessed a simple development after the issuance of some laws on education, and developed after the establishment of public schools and schools of sects in Lebanon, and then education witnessed progress after the establishment of charities that took care of education for both sexes, including the Makassed Islamic Association, and the schools were not limited to the primary stage, but extended to the later stages.

The research aimed to identify the level of creative metacognition and design thinking among superior students and the degree of association between these two variables and the statistically significant differences in the correlation between the two variables according to the student's gender and academic stage and the extent to which creative metacognition contributes to explaining the variance of the sample's scores on the design thinking scale. Therefore, a sample of (371) male and female students from the fourth, fifth and sixth preparatory stages in the government schools for superior students in the city of Baghdad (the first and second Karkh Education Directorates and the first and second Rusafa Directorates) was selected. The sample was selected using a stratified random method with proportional distribution. Then, the creative metacognition and design thinking scales that were prepared by the researcher were applied and their psychometric properties were verified. After collecting the results, statistical processing was carried out using the t-test for a single sample, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Fisher's equation and linear regression analysis. It was concluded that the sample enjoyed an appropriate level of creative metacognition and design thinking and that both variables were directly related. Positive with differences in the correlation relationship according to the student's gender in favor of males and according to the academic stage in favor of the fourth stage. The results also indicated the possibility of explaining the variance of students' scores on the design thinking scale in terms of creative metacognition. Accordingly, a number of recommendations and proposals were made.

Undoubtedly, the poetic function is deeply rooted in its ability to convey intellectual visions and expressive energies through various references, particularly the psychological dimensions and their manifestations within the poetic text. This research aims to uncover these dimensions by focusing on the implicit aspects of the text that exhibit an openness to interpretation. The poet employs multiple levels of poetic engagement, establishing a dynamic relationship with both the reader and reality through linguistic condensation and suggestive expression. This necessitates reliance on artistic and literary aesthetics that address social and psychological needs, ultimately seeking to influence the reader. The study selects two exemplary poems: "A Song in August" by Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab and "The Ghosts' Gathering" by Mahmoud Al-Breikan. These works embody a distinctive feature of poetic creation, constructing a world where characters, places, times, and events interweave—reflecting the poet’s vision within their poetic realm. Moreover, these texts potentially establish a cultural framework grounded in socially and psychologically driven references, articulated within a creative poetic structure. Such a structure invites the reader to explore the unspoken elements embedded within linguistic meanings and their thematic richness

Reading literary texts through the psychological approach is not isolated from critical readings through other approaches, whether textual approaches like structuralism, stylistics, reception theory, or discourse analysis, or contextual approaches such as historical and social criticism. Psychological readings also aim to establish a relationship with the reader and capture their attention by delving into the depths of the text, exploring subconscious elements and the repression of psychological instincts.
This is particularly significant in the poetry of a poet oscillating between anxiety, fear, psychological deterioration, profound sadness, and mood swings. This does not suggest that his poetic language is ineffective; on the contrary, his creative work is distinguished by artistic imagery, aesthetic qualities, delicate style, and solid stylistic structures. Through these, he accurately depicted his fluctuating psychological and emotional states and unveiled his subconscious dimensions, particularly in the structure of space. This structure revealed several psychological dimensions that the poet experienced. For example, when describing the grave as a tangible physical space, his motivations and dimensions differ from those evident in his descriptions of metaphorical spaces or his outright rejection of psychological spaces.The aim of this study is to interpret and analyze the texts to reveal their references, internal struggles, and subconscious elements rooted in the poet’s psyche, all shaped by his psychological experiences and expressed through space using the psychological critical approach.
Thus, the psychological dimension of space serves as an artistic tool through which the poet constructs the psychological stance he feels toward the other being described.

The roots of the conflict between the countries of the Horn of Africa and the countries bordering it lie in the contradictory concepts of national identity and national unity, as well as the attempts of the major powers to dominate its strategic location, exploiting the regional and national contradictions between those countries overlooking the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. Yemen played a vital and important role in supporting peaceful mediation efforts to enhance stability in the Horn of Africa region, in addition to the political and strategic effects that this conflict had on its regional relations. Although the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea ended with the Algiers Agreement, Yemeni efforts through mediation and calling for dialogue and peace between the two sides prevented the expansion of the conflict and were positive, ultimately ending with sitting at the negotiating table and ending that conflict.

Students' attitudes toward learning the English language can vary widely based on several factors such as Personal Factors, Pedagogical Factors, and Environment Factors. Therefore, there is a need to understand these factors in order to help educators to create more effective English language learning environment that improve students' their attitudes toward the language. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the main factors that can affect Iraqi student’s attitude toward learning English as a foreign language. The study conclude that while students are generally positive toward learning English, targeted improvements in pronunciation support and learning environment could enhance their experience further
The study adopted a questionnaire which contains three parts each part describes different data which related to the topic. The data of the study was selected randomly from the population at the Department of Philosophy/ College of Arts, Mustansiriyah University for all stages. The results are analyzed through descriptive statistics of the data through SPSS 26 software program.

The current research discusses one of the most common problems that black people in the United States suffer from: the dual presence of the past (through memory) and the present, through which the realities of immigration and racism are revealed in the novel Roots by Alex Haley. The author was able to criticize the colonial practices that took place in the nation of his ancestry by making use of memory, which reenacts the past with all of its traumas. This novel offers an insightful investigation of memory traumas, past hurts, and what Africans went through in their lives. As an African American writer, he articulates the experiences related to racial prejudice, frustration, and identity crises that are encountered by individuals of black descent. Trauma generally refers to a mental condition that develops in response to the terrifying experience of a violent and extremely traumatic incident. These events can be physically or psychologically harmful or both and has a profound impact on a person's mental makeup over a long period of time as it impairs their ability to distinguish between the past and the present. The study follows the psychological approach to analyses trauma in the novel. Using the concept of trauma theory from a psychological perspective to explain the condition of the characters in the novel. The research aims to trace the psychological effects of terrorism, discrimination, and identity diaspora and their impact on collective memory. The research may reveal that painful experiences profoundly alter characters' identities and self-perception, illustrating the impact of historical tragedy on personal narratives. While all the laws prohibit these are abnormal phenomena, as it has negative effects that harm the societies, regardless of shape, color, and even the beliefs. This research came to shed light on the most important issues of these delicate matters.

This research aims to evaluate the book “Fundamentals of Art Education” Used at the University of Baghdad, College of Education for Girls, Kindergarten Department. The evaluation aims to evaluate the suitability of the content to the educational objectives of the department and the quality of its content. The research uses a descriptive analytical approach. The book is evaluated using a systematic evaluation tool. The research procedures include collecting data from the current “Principles of Art Education” Book, and analyzing its content based on specific criteria, such as content relevance, accuracy, and novelty. The main research tools are the calendar tool, Which was developed based on a literature review and interviews with faculty members. Recommendations and proposals resulting from the research include updating the content, expanding its comprehensiveness, enhancing applied activities, and integrating technology into art education. The research findings provide a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of Art Pedagogy and provide directions for improving art education at the kindergarten level. Keywords: book evaluation, art education

This research deals with the study of the spatial autoregressive model for panel data, where the model parameters were estimated using two estimation methods (the Quasi maximum likelihood method, the transformation method) and with the presence of the spatial weight matrix modified according to the Rook adjacency criterion. The two methods were compared using the comparison criterion of the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) with the aim of arriving at the best estimation method. Simulation experiments were also used on cross-sections (n=20) and for three different time values (T=5,10,20) and for three different sample sizes (nt=100,200,400) and through the comparison criterion that leads us to the best estimation method, which is the transformation method (TTA).

Phenomenology, as a philosophy and a critical approach, was considered the methodological reference for a number of philosophies and critical and intellectual trends that followed it, as it resulted in "existential phenomenology" or "reading phenomenology." Therefore, the research was divided into four chapters. The first chapter contained the research problem that emerged through the following question: What is the depth of the perceived interpretations of the phenomenological approach in designing the interior spaces of dental beauty centers? The research objective was determined: • To reveal the phenomenological approach and determine the system of instantaneous interaction between the designer's subjectivity and the levels of events represented by those phenomena, which were represented by dental medicine and beauty centers - Karkh side. The theoretical framework included two axes. The first axis dealt with the concept of phenomenology and its principles, while the second axis dealt with the phenomenological form and meaning in metaphorical design

The dynamic factor model (DFM) is characterized by analyzing data dynamically and focuses on explaining the common changes in a set of variables over time. It is suitable for large data that contain many variables and can be used to predict and monitor economic variables. The aim of the research is to reduce time series data that are characterized by a common movement (Co-Movement) over time due to the presence of common factors between them, by using DFMs models. The aim of the research is to reach an efficient model, determine the number of common factors, and estimate the parameters of the model (DFM) using the maximum likelihood method. In this research, the dynamic factor model was estimated using the maximum likelihood method, where the simulation results showed, depending on the sample sizes (125, 50, 20) and the correlation coefficients (0.9, 0.5, 0.1), that the best value for the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.6309 at a sample size of 125 and a correlation coefficient of (0.1). It was noted through the results obtained that the best value for (RMSE) is when the sample sizes are large and the correlation coefficient is small, i.e. the lower the correlation coefficient, the lower the value of the root mean square error (RMSE), i.e. the proportion is direct, and the larger the sample sizes, the lower the values of (RMSE), i.e. the proportion is inverse.

Aesthetic taste plays a role in refining the recipient's senses, forming his personality, and raising his level of sense of beauty, and his interaction with things, shapes, and colors in his surrounding environment. Developing the student's aesthetic taste has a positive impact on the general aesthetic taste of society. Therefore, the researcher proposed the seven-cycle learning strategy to develop aesthetic taste among students, as it is one of the modern strategies in teaching. Based on its positive impact in developing mental abilities and providing students with educational skills and experiences, this has been proven by a number of studies. Based on the above, the researcher formulated his research problem: (Is it possible to develop aesthetic taste among middle school students using the 7E's learning cycle strategy?), and the research aimed to (measure the effect of using the 7E's learning cycle strategy in developing aesthetic taste among middle school students). The researcher also formulated the research hypothesis (There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.5) between the average scores of the experimental group students before and after the aesthetic taste test), and the community consisted of The research was conducted on fifth-grade students in the scientific branch of the Baghdad Karkh Education Directorate, the first morning study. The researcher chose (30) students from among them to represent the research sample. The researcher built an achievement test for aesthetic taste and used the Wilcoxon rank sign test to reach the results. He concluded that using the 7E’s learning cycle strategy had a positive effect in raising the level of aesthetic taste among middle school students. The researcher recommended that art education teachers use the 7E’s learning cycle strategy in teaching students because of its positive effect on their learning and developing their aesthetic skills and experiences.

The study aims to prepare preventive exercises using different resistances and to identify the effect of preventive exercises in improving the flexibility and strength of the muscles working on the shoulder joint. (Alaa Gym) by (10) women, and the statistical bag (SPSS) was used to extract the results. The researcher concluded that the preventive exercises used had a positive effect on improving the muscles working on the shoulder joint and that the preventive exercises had contributed to improving the flexibility and strength of the muscles working on the shoulder joint in the research sample. Therefore, the researcher recommends, based on the results of the study, to use of these exercises in clubs and Sports, as well as adopting these exercises in physiotherapy centers and fitness centers (Gym), and using these exercises at other age stages, and the need to educate women about the importance of practising exercises to prevent them from injuries.

Visual communication with nature in interior design contributes to creating healthy and comfortable interior environments for users and enriching the design experience. The introduction of natural elements adds aesthetic touches and visual diversity to the interior design. The use of natural colors and shapes creates a warmer and more organic design atmosphere and helps reduce visual stress and improve the psychological health of users. The introduction of natural lighting and natural landscapes creates a calm and comfortable interior environment. Each interior design has its own energy that plays an important role in influencing the person inside the place, as interior design can be used to restore health such as getting rid of psychological crises and gives the ability to communicate with nature and the surrounding environment. In addition, the lack of sufficient knowledge of the energy of the place and its role in interior design and the neglect and neglect of energy and its strong impact on human comfort within the interior design negatively affects the efficiency of users.

The current research aims to know the effect of a teaching strategy according to the (Double Diamond) model on mathematical reasoning The Second intermediate Grade students, and identified the mathematics teachers of the second intermediate, The research sample consisted of (83) students from the second intermediate grade at the Martyr Ali Hassan Al-Saadi Middle School for Boys, affiliated with the Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Al-Rusafa 3rd, for the academic year (2023-2024), the first course, It was chosen intentionally to implement the experiment and contained (6) groups, two of which were chosen randomly (by lottery) with (42) students for the experimental group and (41) students for the control group. The two research groups (experimental and control) were rewarded in variables: chronological age in months, Previous mathematics achievement, prior mathematical knowledge, and mathematical reasoning, The researcher prepared a mathematical reasoning test consisting of (20) items between objective (multiple choice) and essay. The validity and reliability of the test was verified. The results showed that the experimental group students who were taught using the Double Diamond model outperformed the mathematical reasoning test significantly compared to the control group students who were taught using the traditional (usual) method

The current research aims to identify the effect of the accelerated learning cycle model ((9 E) on the achievement of mathematics among second-grade middle school students. In order to verify the research objective, the null hypothesis was established, which states: "There is no statistically significant difference at a significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group that were studied according to the learning cycle model (9 E) and the scores of the control group that were studied in the traditional way in the achievement test", The experimental research method and quasi-experimental design were adopted for two equivalent groups with a post-test. The experiment was applied to the basic research sample, which numbered (68) students, with (37) students for the experimental group and (31) students for the control group for the academic year 2023-2024, They were rewarded in (previous mathematical information, previous achievement in mathematics, intelligence), and the research tool represented by a test was built with the achievement test.
Its validity and reliability were verified. The experimental group was taught according to the learning cycle model (9 E) and the control group The control group according to the traditional method, the results showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the achievement test, and the research concluded with a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions established in the text of the research.

This study aimed to analyze the impact of comprehensive assessment on improving the quality of science teaching, by enabling teachers to identify strengths and weaknesses in students' performance, and exploring the role of comprehensive assessment in stimulating continuous learning by providing continuous feedback. The study also addressed the impact of comprehensive assessment on developing students' skills, such as critical and analytical thinking, and its impact on enhancing interaction between teachers and students through continuous dialogue.
The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach to analyze the role of comprehensive assessment in improving science teaching and stimulating continuous learning. Data were collected using a questionnaire directed to a sample of science teachers in secondary schools in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq, with the aim of measuring their opinions and experiences related to comprehensive assessment methods. The responses were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.
The study boundaries included "Baghdad International Private School", "International English", and "Distinguished Secondary School", and focused on teachers and students during the 2024 academic year.
The study reached several results, most notably that comprehensive assessment plays a major role in motivating students to pursue their education more seriously. The results showed that students who were subjected to comprehensive and continuous assessment showed greater interest in learning and became more engaged in lessons. The implementation of comprehensive assessment also increased positive interaction between teachers and students, allowing students to provide feedback and identify areas for improvement. This led to the development of teaching strategies that were more appropriate to the needs of each student.
Furthermore, comprehensive assessment encouraged students to think critically and creatively, as they began to explore scientific materials in new ways and find innovative solutions to scientific problems. The study recommended providing training programs targeting the development of teachers’ skills in using comprehensive assessment strategies effectively, to ensure that they are aligned with students’ needs

The research aims to find out “building an educational program based on the art of doodles to develop the skills of students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the subject of design techniques.” In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher formulated the following two hypotheses:
-1 There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group and the control group in the pre-cognitive test.
-2There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group and the control group in the post-cognitive achievement test.
-3There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group and the control group in the pre-skills test.
-4There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the students in the experimental group and the control group in the post-cognitive test.
To verify the validity of the hypotheses, the researcher conducted the experiment starting from 2/27/2024 until 3/14/2024. The research community consisted of students from the Institute of Fine Arts, and the research sample was chosen from the students of the Design Department - third year - morning study, numbering (30). A student. The researcher also adopted an experimental design (two groups) with pre- and post-tests. Achieving the current research procedures required building an educational program based on the art of doodles. For the purpose of measuring the effect.

The interior designer is concerned with design formations that keep pace with our present life, which is characterized by lightness, fluidity and rapid changes in the overall systems of life, especially scientific and technological progress and the speed of communication and programming, which led to a shift in the field of interest to keep pace with everything new intellectually, materially and technically in the era of liquid modernity. Modern intellectual philosophies have produced design formations with features that are consistent with the nature of the era associated with speed and openness, seeking to design an interior space characterized by flexibility, movement, dynamism and fluidity of formation. Therefore, the research problem crystallized by the question "What are the features and characteristics of contemporary formations in the design of interior spaces, so that they can establish formations that keep pace with the thought of liquid modernity?" the research aimed to "reveal the concept of liquid modernity and the features of its formation in the design of contemporary interior space."
The theoretical framework included two topics, the first of which dealt with: the concept of liquid modernity in interior design, and the second: the features of forming the liquid interior space. The research community was limited to the architectural designs (Zaha Hadid) completed during the period between (2005-2020), and the research adopted the descriptive analytical approach to reach a set of results and conclusions, including:
1. The research results showed a set of formal features of the interior space that revealed the fluidity of the formation through the features (continuity, dynamism, movement, flexibility and adaptation) in a way that addresses the visual reception system directly or changes it to suggestive formations that simulate the language of the era and keep pace with technical and technological progress.
2. The fluidity of spatial formation works to eliminate borders and move away from rigid, rigid lines and approach flexibility and curved and continuous lines far from hierarchy and intermittent chronology, as it solves the idea of public space and private space, as it achieves practices to form a new model of space characterized by clear dynamism based on spatial distances to achieve the flow of movement of individuals, the flow of information and materials and visual continuity, and all its aspects share smoothness and lack of clarity of spatial borders.

The theory (TRIZ theory) emphasized a set of competencies of the individual in solving all problems in a creative way. Therefore, the aim of the research was: to identify the effect of an educational program based on TRIZ theory in developing selective attention and aesthetic taste in the subject of art history. This is done by constructing a measure of selective attention. In both its verbal and formal parts, building a scale for aesthetic taste, and its verbal and formal parts, and building the achievement test for the subject of the history of modern art, in addition to designing an educational program in the subject of the history of modern art. The researcher derived the research objective

Vital design is a language that communicates design and an element of attraction that gives great sensory and emotional support to the recipients, because of its ability to reduce psychological stress while improving cognitive and creative functions by integrating green spaces from nature into the interior design of the recipient, taking into account the creation of design forms through which the interior designer controls to achieve the actual response and a clear sense of the place for the recipient, and the sense of creative diversity with design dimensions may increase by focusing designers on them Through the diversity of the configurations used as they represent an element on which the structure of the interior spaces is built to meet the human needs that ensure integrated and efficient performance to reach the available nature, and the interior designer takes into account the diversity of other design elements that are linked to each other without separation and through which the aesthetic of interior design technique, especially in restaurants, appears, In addition to its psychological effects and that any defect in its organization leads to the weakening of the biodesign composition, which should be studied and directed care and attention, the problem of the research study has been formulated with the following question: What are the elements of bio-design? What is the role of this design as a creative act in the interior space (for Mama Zonya Restaurant in Dubai (United Arabic UAE)? While the importance of research contributes to the statement of the concept of vital design so that it can be referred to by specialists in the field of interior design as well as because of its creative role in the interior space with the benefit of it theoretically and practically so that it can be adopted in the interior design of restaurants. While the current research aims to reveal the elements of biodesign and its creative action In the interior space (of Mama Zonya Restaurant in Dubai (United Arabic Arab Emirates). The research study also included the axes of the theoretical framework as well as research procedures, represented by the research methodology based on the descriptive analytical approach (case study) and finally the research study included the extraction of the most important results, conclusions, recommendations and future proposals.

This research is concerned with studying the mechanisms of mental circulation and its cognitive responses in the design of the contemporary industrial product. The problem of the research is the lack of a clear conception of the role that is played by these mechanisms and their cognitive responses in such design. The goal of the research is to reveal such mechanisms and discuss the cognitive responses that is involved.
The theoretical framework consist of three sections. The first of which is titled (Mental Circulation) .The second one is titled (The Cognitive Response), while the third section is titled (Mental Circulation Mechanisms in the Design of Contemporary Industrial Products), The research produced the following key findings and conclusions , Mental circulation processes are achieved by the ability to think and picture when creating a modern industrial product , The methods of intellectual reflection in the design of the industrial product in strangeness, as well as the level of its attractiveness to the recipient, are altered by explaining the process of optimal usage, as it is a reaction to human and aesthetic demands

The researcher used the experimental two-group experimental method with post-test testing. The sample of the research was 15 students from the Fourth grade for exeprimental group and 15 students control group . Statitcal methods were used Target current search to Designing instructional plans for the elements of the technical work to develop the skills of the Art students in the Fourth grade and using the appropriate educational Results showed the superiority of the single experimental group in the cognitive and skill test.

This experiment was conducating during the season 2023 – 2024 by using the pots in plant garden of agricultural collageto study the effect of foliar spray with calcium sulfat ( 50 , 100 , 150 )Mg . L.-1 and boric acid (50 ,100) Mg L.-1 on some physiological characteristics of cowpea plant , The resuits showed signi ficants increase in plant content of H20reach to (4.45)Mo/g fresh wight and proline reach (22.13)Mg/gby treatment with 150 Mg L-1 .of CaSo4 to protect the plant from stress while there was significants decrease in catalase enzyme activity reach (30.14)Abs.unitand Salicylic acid content reach (2.36)Mg/mand vitamin Ereach (0.498)Mg/ginsame concentration , also the resuts showed there was signi Ficant increase in plant content of salicy liy acidreach(4.11)Mg/m and prolinereach(24.60)Mg/g fresh weightat the concentration of 100Mg.L1 of boric acid while there was signiRicant decrease in cata lase enzyme activity reach (31.01)Abs.unitand plant content of Hydrogen peroxide reach(2.23)Mo/g fresh weightandvitamine E reach (0.467)Mg/gat same concentration also there was significant effect between experimentfactors on most of study traitexeptplant content of salicylic acidthis showed effect of CaSo4 and boric acid on enzymatic and non – enzymatic plant content to protect cellular component and vital functions of plant this reflects positively on plant growth .

The research addresses the topic of the research (Inspiration in the light of ecological systems and their applications in industrial products) The importance of the research comes from the fact that the process of inspiration from nature, Bio-inspiration, through ecological systems helped the designer in creating ideas to solve the problems facing him at the present time and that have come to meet the needs and inclinations of society.
Through this, the goal of the research was identified, which is to identify cases of inspiration according to ecological systems through their actual applications that were extracted in the industrial product and to benefit from simulating the environmental forms that exist around us, in order to enable us to reach design foundations in order to achieve effective integration in the functional and formal performance of the product. Industrial, and the research sample was on devices available at Samsung for the years 2021 - 2022
The research consists of five chapters, the first chapter of which deals with the research problem, its importance, objectives, and limits to the research topic. The research problem is embodied in the following: about the relationship between the industrial designer and inspiration from nature in light of Eco-Loge systems, which are related to the behavior of organisms, and the human desire to... All new and innovative products or services within the ecosystems in which they will be used, and it is necessary and inevitable to harmonize these innovations with the environment and preserve it, at least if it is not possible to improve it.
The second chapter included two sections for the theoretical framework. The first section included concepts of inspiration from nature, and the second section dealt with ecosystems and their concept. The third chapter was the research methodology, the fourth chapter analyzed the research sample of three industrial products, and the fifth chapter showed several results and conclusions. The most important results of the research were:
1- A concept has been reached to establish a scientific principle upon which the designer relies in order to develop contemporary concepts for elements that have a meaning related to ecological systems.
2- The clarity of the design elements, which were shown in a clear and complementary manner with the surrounding environment and its nature, and that the basic meaning of its elements is to reach the minimum level to achieve functional comfort for humans and satisfy their desires.
3- It is possible to exploit smart material instead of traditional material in product design, helping the designer to easily imitate the shapes of nature according to ecological systems in order to develop the functional performance and aesthetic appearance of the product.

The aim of the current research is to know the effect of the Galen’s strategy on the achievement of mathematics among first-year middle school female students and the development of decision-making skills.
The research sample consisted of (80) students from first- year middle school female students from Al-yaqitha middle School affiliated with the Baghdad Al-Karkh Education Directorate /2, The sample was randomly distributed into two experimental and control groups, with (40) female students for both groups. The experimental group studied according to the Galen’s strategy and the control group studied according to the usual method. The two groups were equalized in terms of intelligence, previous knowledge in mathematics, chronological age (calculated in months). The researchers prepared their research tools. The first tool was an achievement test in mathematics consisting of (40) multiple-choice items that included the six levels of Bloom’s cognitive domain. And they prepared a measure for developing decision-making skills consisting of (15) multiple-choice items. The test consisted of five sub-skills. The data was processed statistically with the following statistical methods: t-test for two independent samples, difficulty coefficient, discriminatory power, and reliability. The research results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the female students of the experimental and control groups in the achievement test in favor of the experimental group who studied according to the Galen’s strategy. Several recommendations were made, including: conducting a study similar to the current study for other stages and different academic subjects.

The level of sound pollution, which is a prominent feature of the environment, varies depending on its source. It affects objects and buildings in its surroundings in varying proportions. As a whole, schools, like other buildings, are vulnerable to sound pollution. Since there are a number of schools near the main streets and commercial and industrial activities, so these buildings are very sensitive to environmental noise (due to the work they provide to students of science, which requires rest and tranquility) in many cases exposed to high levels of noise. The adeometer was used to measure the noise level in the selected locations. Where noise level measurements were made on the basis of 14 days and during (3 days a week) (Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday) and the work was divided into two weeks, and the work was distributed over several times (morning, evening period).

Despite the importance of mathematics, many students do not like this subject and suffer from difficulty understanding it. Perhaps the reason for this is the teaching methods used that provide ready-made information without exhausting the student’s creativity in thinking. Therefore, modern strategies must be used that help expand the circle of his thinking, and this is what prompted the researcher to The aim of the current research is to determine the effect of using the brainstorming strategy on creative thinking in mathematics among sixth-grade primary school students. To achieve this goal, the researcher developed the following null hypothesis.There is "no statistically significant difference at the significance level of 0.05 between the average scores of the students in the experimental group who They studied according to the brainstorming strategy, and among the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the creative thinking test", the research population was limited to the students of the sixth grade of primary school, the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad, Al-Karkh III, for the academic year. 2022-2023 The research sample consisted of 80 male and female students, distributed between two groups according to 40 students in the experimental group and 40 students in the control group. The researcher chose an experimental design to partially control one experimental variable, which is the brainstorming strategy, and one dependent variable, which is creative thinking. The researcher rewarded the two research groups with some variables, research requested a tool to measure the dependent variable, creative thinking, so she prepared a test for creative thinking, the number of which included 10 essay paragraphs. To verify the research hypothesis, the researcher used some statistical methods, including the difficulty coefficient for the essay paragraphs, the discrimination coefficient for the essay paragraphs, and the Cronbach alpha equation to find the stability coefficient for the paragraphs. The essay test for creative thinking and the t-test for two independent samples. As for the most important results reached by the current research, there "was a statistically significant difference at a significance level of 0.05 between the average scores of the experimental group who studied according to the brainstorming strategy and the average scores of the control group who studied according to the usual method in Testing creative thinking for the benefit of the experimental group". In light of the research results, the researcher presented some recommendations, including the necessity of activating the brainstorming strategy in teaching thinking in mathematics for the sixth grade of primary school, due to its impact on developing creative thinking skills and the necessity of holding training courses for teachers on the brainstorming strategy and paying attention to levels. Higher-order thinking in mathematics education.

This study aims to prepare educational exercises and use them on vocabulary in the strategy of complex thinking in the practical physical education lesson for basketball, and to learn about the impact of a strategy (Team-Pair-Solo) in selective attention and the performance of the skills Between the results of the tribal and posttests of the two experimental research groups and the control in the selective attention and the performance of the skills of medium and long football, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the dimensional tests of the experimental and control groups in the selective attention and the performance of the skills of medium and long football, and I adopted the experimental approach to the design of the experimental groups. The equivalent officer, and the research community determines the fifth -grade middle school students in the preparatory of Tariq bin Ziyad within the formations of the Resaca Education Directorate/2, for the academic year (2023/2024), The total number of (93) students, who are inherently distributed, are equal to the three people, (A), (B), and (C), the research sample was chosen from them randomly from two divisions, two to reach (62) students at (66.667 %) of this Society, with (31) students for each of them, and after creating the tools of measurement on selective attention and skill performance, educational exercises were prepared and employed in this strategy and applied them over a period of (8) weeks in the physical education lessons by one lesson per week for each skill (4) Lessons and after the end of the experiment and address the results (SPSS), the conclusions and recommendations were that the employment of educational exercises to perform the skills of medium and long football handles with strategic vocabulary (Team-Pair-Solo) in practical lessons suit the fifth preparatory students, and that the application of educational exercises on vocabulary (Team-Pair-Solo) in practical lessons helps improve the level of selective attention, It helps in improving the performance of both the middle and long handling skills of students who study with them, and by superiority of their peers who study without them, and it is necessary to increase the interest of football teachers in measuring the selective attention when teaching their students to perform the midwives of medium and long handling in order to provide support and support for them in improving The skill performance of football, and interest in observance of individual differences must be increased when applying a strategy (Team-Pair-Solo) and working on the multiplicity and diversification of educational positions and tasks in a way that meets the achievement of educational goals to teach the skill performance in football.

In this paper, structural, morphological and optical of pure CdS and CdS:Co thin films with various cobalt concentrations were synthesized by the Chemicle spray pyrolysis (CSP) method. Hexagonal structure of CdS nanostructures with (020) preferred orientation is detected by XRD. According to morphological analysis, the doped films have homogeneously dispersed spherical grains with an average particle size of 42 nm. The optical parameters are estimated using transmittance and absorption spectra at 300-900 nm. Experimental results showed that when cobalt content increased, the band gap decreased as in

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are essential machine learning models widely used in various fields and applications. These models rely on a vector of parameters, which must be computationally estimated. In this study, a fully connected multilayer perceptron ANN, a modern feedforward neural network with two input layers and two hidden layers (each containing 10 neurons), was developed to estimate the ground state binding energy of isotopes with odd mass numbers ranging from 17 to 339, covering 3414 nuclei. The ANN was applied to three models: the integrated nuclear model, the liquid drop model (LDM), and an empirical formula. The predicted ground state binding energies were evaluated using mean square error (MSE), correlation coefficient (R), and accuracy. To optimize the ANN's performance, parameters such as the number of hidden layers and learning rates were refined using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. This optimization reduced the ANN error, achieving an MSE of 0.0099706 and a high accuracy of 99.736% for the LDM model. The correlation coefficient R demonstrated a strong association between the target and output values, confirming the accuracy and robustness of the models. The PSO algorithm's optimization further minimized errors and improved the results, validating the differences in binding energy between the three models and the ANN. This approach underscores the effectiveness of ANNs in modeling complex physical phenomena with high precision.

IoT device treatment is expanding daily in the modern era, physically connecting the environment. Pneumonia also frequently affects humans, but these days it mostly affects mid-sized people due to structural modifications. One of the current abilities that may be used with IOT tactics was machine learning. Acceptable to predict the risk of diseases like pneumonia, this project emphasizes the importance of the Internet of Things (IoT) and highlights the need for further research. It proposes a new approach that uses machine learning to predict the infection by using datasets gathered with chest X-ray pictures. The use of sensors in Internet of Things devices, a Back Propagation Classifier in conjunction through a Naïve Bayesian classifier, then feature choice techniques such as the Meerkat Clan Algorithm. Certain populations are identified, and the burden of the sickness can be mitigated for those in that group. The proposed system has a 99% accuracy rate

P.aeruginosa is a significant opportunistic pathogen known for its production of elastase, an enzyme that contributes to tissue damage and virulence. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents, including natural compounds.To evaluate the antibacterial activity of tropolone and various plant extracts (garlic, onion, moringa, and leek) against elastase-producing isolates of P. aeruginosa (P79). isolates were collected and evaluated for their production of the elastase enzyme. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method, with varying concentrations of tropolone and plant extracts. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were determined to quantify the effectiveness of each compound against the bacterial isolates.All tested compounds exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial activity. Tropolone was the most effective, completely inhibiting bacterial growth at all concentrations tested (15.6 µg/mL). Garlic extract showed significant inhibition at higher concentrations (500 µg/mL and 62.5 µg/mL), while onion extract also demonstrated activity at elevated concentrations (1000 µg/mL and 31.2 µg/mL). Moringa extract inhibited growth at the highest concentration (500 µg/mL), whereas leek extract exhibited limited antibacterial activity across all concentrations.These findings support the exploration of natural compounds as alternatives to conventional antibiotics in the treatment of infections caused by this pathogen.

Numerical models are those that deal with specific numbers in health research and studies, such as the number of hospitalized patients, the number of phone calls, the number of cases of a particular disease, and other counts. Among the models that deal with such numbers are the Poisson model, negative binomial regression model, logistic model, and Bernoulli . In this research, the Poisson regression model was used, and the model parameters were estimated using parametric methods (Maximum Likelihood) and non-parametric methods (Spline Regression Method). Due to the complexity of the assumptions in the Poisson regression model, which makes it unsuitable for the least squares method, an alternative method was used to estimate the model for its flexibility and simpler assumptions. A comparison was made between these methods according to specific criteria, relying on real data related to one of the most prevalent diseases today: COVID-19, which affects the human body and causes various inflammations, including respiratory, liver, and kidney inflammation, among others. The data was analyzed using SPSS and R software, leading to the conclusion that the estimation method using the non-parametric approach (cubic spline regression) was better than the parametric method (MLE) based on the results of the MSE

Cordia myxa, Lasura tree, is a medium-sized deciduous tree from the borage family (Boraginaceae( .It is one of the traditional medicinal plants, that has been used for more than decades in Iraq to treat many diseases. Thus, the present study was conducted to analyze the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant/antibacterial properties of this plant's aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts. Results show that aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Cordia myxa were revealed to have substantial phenol content as 89.24 and 67.55 mg gallic acid/g of dried extracts respectively, while flavonoid contant is 3.12 and 1.42 mg quercetin/g of dried aqueous and ethanolic extract respectively. The highest percentage of DPPH radical inhibition (86.45%), was achieved by ethanol extract at the concentration of 1 mg/ml with good antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, and Klebsiella pneumonia with mean diameter of inhibition zone (12, 13, 14, and 16 mm respectively). Therefore, it turns out that it could be a strong candidate for developing a natural medicine against microbial infections.

Coagulase is one of the important enzyme produced by pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus that has been used as a marker to classify them into coagulase-positive - (CoP) or coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), that affects the clotting mechanism of blood. This enzyme reacts with prothrombin, which then clots the plasma or serum. The aim from this study is the determine the anti- biofilm activity of Coagulase purified from Staphylococcus.aureus on five different local clinical bacterial isolates from wound and vagina swab from Al-Shahed Alsadder Teaching Hospital and Ibn Al-Baladi Hospital from 1 December 2023 unitl 15 April 2024 that was biofilm former : P.aeruginosa ,E. coli , S,aureus , S. pneumonieand Candida. albicans.; Coagulase was used at different concentration ( 4,2,1,0.5,0.25,0.12, 0.06 mg/ml ).twenty hundred samples from various clinical sources were collected from hospitals throughout Baghdad, and under aseptic lab conditions,about One hundred thirty single isolates were identified . The optimum condition of coagulase enzyme is pH-7.5, temperature 37C is the ideal environment for Staphylococcus.aureus to produce Coagulase . The crude Coagulase extracted had an activity of 1.7 (U/ml) and a specific activity of (U/mg).
The enzyme was purified by precipitating it with ammonium sulphate at a saturation level of 50-80% and utilizing SDS-PAGE. Further purification was achieved using ion exchange chromatography using DEAE cellulose and gel filtering using Sephadex G150. The molecular weight of the Coagulase enzyme was found to be 36 kilodaltons (KD).

Background :The byproduct of graphite oxidation is graphene oxide, which offers a tremendous chance to advance the field of regenerative medicine significantly. Because of graphene oxide's favorable qualities— Because of its adaptable mechanical qualities, biocompatibility, and degradability. Objective: This research aims to employ laser rays to ablate the graphite surface and prepare graphene oxide with excellent mechanical properties that contribute to the treatment of rabbit bone injuries, regeneration of damaged bone tissue and osteogenic differentiation .Methods: In this work, the xeno bony scaffolds implantation were prepared in two parts physically: were effectively generated graphene oxide(GO) by using laser ablation technique .Lasing pulse duration(1064 nm) with laser energy (300 mJ), after that, gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) prepared previous were loaded on the graphene oxide surface by using chips method. The structure and morphology of the composite (GO: AuNPs) were analyzed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to assess its chemical composition and crystalline structure. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were then used to examine the edge/crystalline orientations and stacking orders of graphene oxide.: In this section, the technique of preparing a pin template to anchor the scaffold implantation into the rabbits' stimulated femoral bone fractions is described. A combination made of Graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles were utilized to create the xeno bony scaffold. Results. The histological results in vivo of the site treated with (GO: AuNP) scaffolds, harvested at 1st week after grafting showed bone mineralization and abundant new bone formation without any sign of inflammation in treatment group. Moreover, the in vitro tests demonstrate that the (GO: AuNP) scaffolds greatly enhance osteoblast adhesion cells as well as growth. Conclusion :the application of graphene oxide (GO) enhanced calcium and protein adsorption, enzyme resistance, and physical strength.